ORTHERU mim
MONEY-TABLE.
(Comp. p. xi.)
Approximate Equivalents.
American
Money
English Money
French
Money
German
Money
Austrian
Money
Doll.
Cts.
L.
s.
D.
Fr.
Ce7it.
JC
Pf.
K
h
—
IV4
—
—
'Is
—
6V4
—
5
—
6
—
^V-2
—
—
IV4
—
121/.,
—
10
—
12
—
5
—
—
21/2
—
25
—
20
—
24
—
10
—
—
5
—
50
—
40
~~
48
—
121/2
—
—
6
—
621/,
—
50
60
—
20
—
—
10
1
—
—
80
_
96
—
2OV2
—
—
101/2
1
61/2
—
85
1
—
—
25
—
1
—
1
25
1
—
1
20
—
50
—
2
—
2
50
2
—
2
40
—
75
—
3
—
3
75
3
—
3
60
1
—
—
4
—
5
—
4
—
4
80
1
25
—
5
—
6
25
5
—
6
—
1
50
—
6
—
7
50
6
—
7
20
1
75
—
7
—
8
75
7
—
8
40
2
—
—
8
—
10
—
8
—
9
60
2
25
—
9
—
11
25
9
—
10
80
2
50
—
10
—
12
50
10
—
12
—
3
—
—
12
—
15
—
12
—
14
40
4
—
—
16
—
20
—
16
—
19
20
5
—
1
—
—
25
—
20
—
24
—
25
—
5
—
—
125
—
100
—
120
--
125
—
25
—
—
625
—
500
—
600
—
/
G* iT lUfU uT ^Va^e & Debc
NORTHERN GERMANY
AS FAR AS THE
BAVARIAN AND AUSTRIAN FRONTIERS
HANDBOOK FOR TRAVELLERS
BY
KARL BAEDEKER
With 47 Maps and 81 Plans
FIFTEENTH REVISED EDITION
LEIPZIG: KARL BAEDEKER, PUBLISHER
TORONTO: WM. TYRRELL & CO. 7 AND 9 KING ST. E.
1910.
All rights reserved.
fHE INSTITUTE OF MEDIAEVAL STUDIES
10 EL^^^SLEY PLACE
TORONTO 6, CANADA,
FEB 2 01932
'G-0. little book, God send thee good passage,
And specially let this be thy prayere
Unto them all that thee will read or hear,
Where then art wrong, after their help to call,
Thee to correct in any part or all/
PREFACE.
ihe Handbook for Northerx Germaxy, which is now issued
for the fifteenth time and corresponds to the twenty-ninth German
edition, is designed to assist the traveller in planning his tour and
disposing of his time to the best advantage, to render him as fin-
as possible independent of the services of hotel-keepers, commis-
sionnaires, and guides, and thus to enable him the more thoroughly
to enjoy and appreciate the objects of interest he meets with on
his tour.
The Handbook has been compiled almost entirely from the
personal observation of the Editor, and most of the country de-
scribed has been repeatedly explored by him with a view to procure
the latest possible information; but, as many of the data in the
Handbook refer to matters which are constantly undergoing alter-
ation, he will highly appreciate any corrections or suggestions with
which travellers may favour him. Those already received, which in
many instances have proved most useful, he gratefully acknowledges.
The contents of the Handbook are divided into Four Sections
(I. Berlin and Potsdam; II. North-Western Germany; III. Central
G-ermany; IV. North -Eastern Germany), each of which may be
separately removed from the volume by cutting the gauze backing
visible on opening the book at the requisite pages. Linen covers
for these sections may be obtained through any bookseller. —
For that part of the Rhenish district which properly belongs to
Northern Germany, the traveller is referred to Baedeker' s Hand-
hook to the Rhine.
The Maps and Plans, on which special care has been bestowed,
will, it is hoped, render material service to the traveller in plan-
ning his tour.
Time Tables. Information regarding trains, steamboats, and
diligences is most trustworthy when obtained from local sources.
The best German publications of the kind are the 'Reichs-Kurshuch''
(2 o#; published at Berlin), 'HendscheVs Telecfraph^ (2 Jl^ smaller
edition 1 c^; these two issued eight times a year), and 'Storm's
Kurshiich fur^s Reich' (80 pf.).
Distances by road are given approximately in English miles;
but in the case of mountain -excursions they are expressed by the
time in which they can be accomplished by average walkers. A
kilometre is approximately = 7s English mile; 8 kil. = 5 M.
Heights are given in English feet (1 Engl. ft. = 0,3048 metre =
0,938 Parisian ft. = 0,971 Prussian ft.), and the Populations in
accordance with the latest census.
VI
PREFACE.
Hotels. The Editor lias endeavoured to enumerate not only
the first-class hotels, but also others of more modest pretensions,
which may be safely selected by the 'voyageur en gargon', with
little sacrifice of comfort and considerable saving of expenditure.
Hotel-charges, as well as carriage-fares and fees to guides, are liable
to frequent variation, and generally have a strong upward tendency;
but these items, as stated in the Handbook either from the personal
experience of the Editor or from data furnished by numerous cor-
respondents, will at least afford the traveller an approximate idea
of his expenditure. The asterisks indicate those hotels which the
Editor has reason to believe to be provided with the comforts and
conveniences expected in up-to-date establishments, and also to be
well managed and reasonable in their scale of charges. Houses of
a more modest character, when good of their class, are described
as 'o;ood' or 'verv fair'. At the same time. the Editor does not doubt
that equal excellence may often be found in hotels that are un-
starred and even unmentioned.
To hotel-proprietors, tradesmen, and others the Editor begs to
intimate that a character for fair dealing and courtesy towards
travellers is the sole passport to his commendation, and that ad-
vertisements of every kind are strictly excluded from his Hand-
books. Hotel-keepers are also warned against persons representing
themselves as agents for Baedeker's Handbooks.
R. = Room : also Route.
B. = Breakfast.
D. = Dinner.
A. = Attendance.
L. = Luncheon.
S. = Supper.
M. = English mile.
ft. = English foot.
m. = metre.
R., L. = right, left.
The letter d with a
year of his death. The
shows its height above
the principal places on
their distance from the
Abbreviations.
omn. = omnibus.
carr. = carriage.
pens. = pension {i. e.
board and lodging).
rfmts. = refreshments.
X. = Xorth, northern,
etc.
S. = South, etc.
E. = East. etc.
W. = West, etc.
date, after the name of a person, indicates the
number of feet given after the name of a place
the sea-level. The number of miles placed before
railway-routes and highroads generally indicates
starting-point of the route or sub-route.
JC = Mark,
pf. = Pfennig.
K. = Krone.
h. = Heller.
PI. = plan,
p. = page,
comp. = compare,
hr. = hour,
min. = minute,
ca. = circa, about.
Asterisks are used as marks of commendation.
CONTENTS.
Page
I. Language. Money xi
II. Passports and Custom House xii
III. Railways xii
IV. Cycling and Motoring Notes xiii
V. Plan of Tour xiv
YI. Hotels xvii
VII. Post, Telegraph, and Telephone Offices xviii
North German Art, by Professor Anton Springer . . xix
Eoute I. Berlin and Potsdam.
1. Berlin 1
2. Potsdam and Environs 25
H. North- Western Germany.
3. From Cologne to Berlin via Hanover and Stendal 30
4. From Cologne to Berlin via Hildesheim 41
5. From Cologne to Berlin via Holzminden and Magdeburg . 48
6. From Hagen (Cologne) to Cassel via Arnsberg 55
7. From Cassel to Hanover 66
8. From Eotterdam (Hook van Holland) to Hanover via Salz-
bergen 69
9. Hanover 71
10. Hildesheim 79
11. Brunswick , 84
12. FromHamm toMunster,Emden,andNorddeichfN'orderney) 92
13. The East Frisian Islands . 98
14. From Hanover to Bremen 101
15. Bremen 101
16. From Bremen to Emden and Norddeich (Norderney) . . . 109
17. From Hanover to Hamburg 112
18. Hamburg, Altona, and their Environs 115
19. From Hamburg to Cologne via Bremen and Miinster . . . 133
20. From Hamburg to Kiel 134
21. From Hamburg to Flensburg and Vamdrup (Copenhagen) 139
22. The North Frisian Islands 142
23. From Hamburg to Liibeck and to Stettin 145
24. From Hamburg to Berlin 156
Hi
viii CONTEXTS.
Route Page
25. From Berlin to Schwerin and "Wismar 157
26. From Berlin to Stralsund 162
27. Island of Riigen 166
III. Central Germany.
28. From Berlin to Dresden 173
29. Dresden 175
30. Saxon Switzerland 209
31. From Dresden to Reiclienbacli via Chemnitz and Zwickau 221
32. The Erzgebirge 226
33. From- Dresden to Leipzig 232
34. Leipzig 237
35. From Berlin to i^Halle and; Leipzig 246
36. From Hamburg to Leipzig via Magdeburg 249
37. From Leipzig to Hof (Nuremberg, Ratisbon, Munich) or
Eger 257
38. From Leipzig to Hochstadt via G-era and Saalfeld .... 260
39. From Leipzig to Bebra (Frankfort on the Main) and Cassel.
Thuringian Railway 262
40. From Xaumburg to Jena and Saalfeld 268
41. "Weimar 271
42. Gotha 277
43. Eisenach and Environs 279
44. From Eisenach to Coburg and Lichtenfels 283
45. Coburg 286
46. The Thuringian Forest 289
47. From Berlin or Halle to Cassel via Xordhausen 303
48. From Brunswick to Xordhausen and Erfurt via Borssum
(Harzburg. Goslar) 307
49. From Halle ^Leipzig) to Seeseu via Aschersleben and
Goslar ( Hildesheim. Hanover) 310
50. The Harz Mountains 312
51. From Cassel to Frankfort on the Main 333
52. From Gottingen to Bebra and Frankfort on the Main . . 338
IV. North-Eastern Germany.
53. From Berlin to Danzig via Stettin 344
54. From Stettin to Heringsdorf. Swinemiinde. and Misdroy,, 348
55. From Berlin to Danzig via Dirschau 351
56. From Berlin to Thorn (Warsaw) 358
57. From Dirschau (Berlin) to Konigsberg and Evdtkuhnen
(St. Petersburg) ' 360
58. From Berlin to Frankfort on the Oder and Poscn .... 368
59. From Berlin to Breslau via Frankfort and Sagan or Kohlfurt 373
MAPS. ix
Eoute Viifrc
60. Breslau 374
61. From Berlin to Gorlitz and Zittau 381
62. From Gorlitz to Grlatz 386
63. The Griant Mountains 388
64. From Breslau to Dresden 399
65. From Breslau to Halbstadt (Chotzen) via iSalzbrunn . . . 401
66. From Breslau to Glatz and Mittelwalde 403
67. From Liegnitz to Konigszelt, Neisse, and Kandrzin . . . 406
68. From Breslau to Oderberg (Vienna) and to Cracow .... 408
69. From Breslau to Kattowitz via Oels 410
Index 411
Maps.
1. Map of Northern Gtermany, before the title-page.
2. The Environs of Potsdam: p. 25.
3. The Rhenish -Westphalia N Coal District, from Duisburg to Dort-
mund : p. 31.
4. The Environs of the Hohensyburg: p. 33.
o.
The Teutoburgian Forest: p. 36.
6. The Environs of Cassel : p. 59.
7. Wilhelmshohe, near Cassel: p. 65.
8. The Environs of Emden and the Island of Borkum: p. 97.
9. The Islands of Norderney, Juist , Langeoog, and Wangeroog
p. 98.
10. The Environs of Hamburg: p. 129.
11. The Mouth of the Elbe: p. 131.
12. The Environs of Kiel: p. 137.
13. The Environs of Elensburg : p. 141.
11. Tlie Xorth Frisian Islands (Sylt, Fohr. Amniin) : ]). 113.
15. The HoLSTEiN Switzerland : p. 152.
16. The Environs of Schwerin: p. 158.
17. The Island of Rugen: p. 167.
18. The Environs of Dresden: p. 208.
19. The Saxon Switzerland (Survey Map) : p. 210.
20. The Saxon Switzerland from Wehlen to Schandau : p. 214.
21. The Saxon Switzerland from Schandau toHerrnskretschen : p. 217
22. The Eastern Saxon Switzerland: p. 219.
23. The Environs of Bodenbach and Tetschen: p. 219.
24. The Erzgebirge: p. 226.
25. The Environs of Meissen: p. 233.
26. The Elster Valley from Plauen to Greiz : p. 259.
27. The Environs of Jena: p. 269.
28. The Environs of Weimar: p. 273.
29. The Environs of Eisenach: p. 282.
30. The Environs of Liebenstein: p. 285.
31. The Environs of Coburg: p. 287.
32. The Thuringian Forest (Survey Map): p. 289.
33. The Schwarza-Tal : p. 291.
34. The Thuringian Forest, E. Part : p' 293.
35. The Thuringian Forest, W. Part : p. 299.
36. The Environs of Friedrichroda : p. 301.
37. The Kyffhauser : p. 305.
38. The Harz Mountains: p. 312.
39. The Bode-Tal: p. 317.
X PLANS.
40. The EyviROKS of Goslar : p. 322.
41. The Harz MouxxAiys from TVerxigerode to the Brocket: p. 325.
42. The Harz Mou:^TAiys from Osterode to the Brockex: p. 332.
43. The. ExTiRoxs of Daxzig: p. 357.
44. The GiA^T Mouxtaixs : p. 388.
45. The ExviRoxs of Schreiberhau : p. 392.
46. Upper Silesia : p. 409.
47. Eailwat Map of G-ermavt at the end of the book.
Plans.
Page
1. Berlin 1
2. Berlin (inn^r
toioi) .... 9
3. Beuthen .... 409
4. Borkum .... 97
5. Brandenburg . 54
6. Bremen .... 101
7. Bremen (inner
tovm) .... 103
8. Bremerhaven . 101
9. Breslau .... 374
10. Breslau (inner
tmon) .... 376
11. Brunswick . . 84
12. Cassel 58
13. Chemnitz ... 224
14. Coburg .... 286
15. Cuxhaven . . . 132
16. Danzig 352
17. Dessau .... 254
18. Dortmund ... 33
19. Dresden .... 175
20. Dresden ri?i??€r
toicn) .... 182
21. Eisenach ... 279
22. Eisleben. ... 305
23. Emden 97
24. Erfurt 265
25. Flensburg . . . 141 ,
26. Frankfort on i
the Oder. . . 369 |
80. 81. Ground Plan
Dresden, pp. 190, 203.
Pagre
27.
Freiberg. .
. 222
28.
Giessen . .
. 336
29.
Gorlitz . .
. 383
30.
Goslar . . .
. 322
31.
Gotha . . .
. 277
32.
Gottingen .
. 67
33.
Halberstadt
. 310
34.
Halle . . .
. 250
35.
Hamburg
(railway and \
tramicay ma
P) 115
36.
Hamburg
(inner tow
nj 121
37.
Hamburg-
1
Altona . .
. 125
38.
Hanover (ge
)i-
eral planj
. 72
39.
Hanover (inn
er
town) . .
. 74
40.
Harzburg .
. 325
41.
Heligoland
. 132
42.
Hildesheim
. 79
43.
Jena ....
. 269
44.
Kattowitz .
. 409
45.
Kiel ....
. 135
46.
Konigsberg
. 363
47.
Leipzig . .
. 237
48.
Leipzig (hm
er
town J . .
. 239
49.
Liegnitz . .
. 373
S 0
f the Picture
Gallerv
Page
50. Liibeck .... 145
51. Liineburg . . . 113
52. Magdeburg . . 50
53. Marburg. ... 334
54. Marienburg . . 361
55. Miinden .... 67
56. Miinster .... 92
57. Nauheim ... 336
58. Xorderney . , 98
59. Osnabriick . . 70
60. Plauen 258
61. Posen 370
62. Quedlinburg . 314
63. Rostock .... 154
64. Schandau ... 216
65. Schleswig ... 139
66. Schwerin ... 158
67. Stettin 345
68. Stralsund ... 165
69. Thorn 359
70. Wartburg ... 281
71. Weimar .... 272
72. Wernigerode . 325
73. Westerland . . 143
74. Wilhelms-
haven .... 112
75. TVismar .... 164
76. Wittenberg . . 247
77. Worlitz .... 256
78. Wyk 143
79. Zoppot .... 357
and the Albertinum at
INTRODUCTION.
I. Language. Money.
Language. A slight acquaintance witli German is very desir-
able for travellers who purpose exploring the more remote districts
of Grermany, but tourists who do not deviate from the beaten track
will generally find that English or French is spoken at the principal
hotels and the usual resorts of strangers. If, however, they are
entirely ignorant of the German language, they must be prepared
occasionally to submit to the extortions practised by porters, cab-
drivers, and others of a like class, which even the data furnished
by the Handbook will not always enable them to avoid.
Money. The German mark fc//^J, which is nearly equivalent to
the English shilling, is divided into 100 pfennigs. Banknotes of
20, 50, 100, and 1000 Ji are issued by the German Imperial Bank
(^Deutsche Reiclishank^), and others of 100 and 500 ^, with a
limited circulation, by four other chartered banks. There are also
treasury-bills (' Reichskassen-Scheine^ ) of 5 c^ and 10 J6. The
current gold coins are pieces of 10 i/l and 20 t^, the intrinsic
value of which is slightly lower than that of the English half-
sovereign and sovereign (1 1, being worth about 20 ^ 43 pf .). The
paper currency is of the same value as the precious metals. The
silver coins are pieces of 5, 3 (the old 'thaler' or dollar), 2, 1, and
Y2 ^ (50 pf.). In nickel there are coins of 25, 10, and 5 pfennigs,
and in copper there are pieces of 2 and 1 pfennig.
English sovereigns and banknotes may be exchanged at all the
principal towns in Germany, and napoleons are also favourably re-
ceived (20 fr. := 16 s. = 16 ^ 20 pf., and often a few pfennigs
more). Those who travel with large sums should carry them in the
form of letters of credit or circular notes of 5^. or 10/., rather than
in banknotes or gold, as the value of circular notes, if lost or stolen,
is recoverable. The Travellers' Cheques issued by the chief Ameri-
can express companies may also be recommended.
Travelling Expenses. The expense of a tour in Northern Ger-
many depends of course on a great variety of circumstances; but
it may be stated generally that travelling in German/ is less expen-
sive, and in some respects more comfortable, than in most other
countries in Europe. The modest pedestrian, who knows something
of the language, and avoids the beaten tracks as much as possible,
may succeed in limiting his expenditure to 10-12s. per diem. Those,
on the other hand, who prefer driving to walking, choose the most
expensive botels, and employ guides and commissionnaires, must
be prepared to expend 25-30s. daily.
xii RAILWAYS.
II. Passports and Custom House.
Passports are now unnecessary in G-ermany, except for students
who wish to matriculate at a Grerman university, but they are
frequently useful in proving the identity of the traveller, in procur-
ing admission to collections, and in obtaining delivery of registered
letters. Cyclists and motorists are advised to carry passports.
Foreign Office passports may be obtained in London direct from the
Foreign Office (fee 26-.) or through Buss, 4 Adelaide St.. Strand (inclusive
fee 4s-.): C. Smith & Son, 23 Craven St.. Charing Cross (fee 46-.): Thomas
Cook & Son, Ludgate Circus (fee 3s. M.) ; and Henry Blacklock & Co.
('Bradshaw's Guides'). 59 Fleet St. (fee 5s.). — In the United States
applications for passports should be made to the Bureau of Citizenship,
State Department. Washington, D. C.
CusT03i House formalities are now almost everywhere lenient.
As a rule, however, articles purchased during the journey and not
destined for personal use, should be declared at the frontier.
m. Railways.
Railway Travelling is less expensive in Grermany than in most
other parts of Europe, and the carriages are generally clean and
comfortable. The second-class carriages, with spring-seats, are
sometimes as orood as those of the first class in Eno^land. Smokincr
is permitted in all the carriages (in first-class compartments, however,
only if all the inmates agree), except those 'Fiir Xichtraucher' and
the coupes for ladies. The average fares for the different classes
by ordinary trains (^Personen-Ziige' : often without first-class car-
riages) and the so-called 'Eil-ZUge' (fast trains; are 1- -^d.^ ^/lod.
and ^^d. per Engl. M. respectively (7, 4^ o. 3 pf. per kilometre).
To these fares must, however, be added a stamp-duty, included in
the prices of the tickets and varying from 5 pf. to 8 ^/l according
to price and class. On express-trains {'Schnell-ZUge' : with three
classes) and on through corridor-trains rD-Zilge', marked 'D' in
the time-tables: sometimes with no third-class carriages), there is
an additional tax varying fi'om 25 pf. to 2 ^. There is no reduc-
tion in the fare of return-tickets. Xo one is admitted to the platform
without either a railway -ticket or a platform -ticket (Bahnsteig-
karte); the latter (10 pf.) may be obtained from the automatic
machines placed for the purpose at all stations. The seats in the
through corridor-trains are numbered and reserved like those of
the American* parlor-car, and may be obtained in advance at the
stations of departure fno fee). Each ticket is available for four days
and permits the journey to be broken once without any formality.
Xo Luggage is allowed free except smaller articles taken by
the passenger into his carriage. The heavier luggage must be
booked and a ticket procured for it. The charge per 25 kilo-
grammes (55 lbs.) is 20 pf. up to 50 kilom. (31 M.), 50 pf. up to 300
kilom. (186 M.), and 1 JC beyond 300 kilometres. Trunks should
CYCLING.
Xlll
be at the station at least Y^ hr. before the train starts. Luggage
once booked, the traveller need not enquire after it until he arrives
at his final destination, where it will be kept in safe custody (24hrs.
gratis), until he presents his ticket. When, however, a frontier has
to be crossed, the traveller should see his luggage cleared at the
custom-house in person. Porters are entitled to a fee, fixed by
tarifi*, for carrying luggage to or from the cab. At most stations
there is a left-luggage office for small baggage, where a charge of
10 pf. per day is made for each package.
The enormous wciglit of the trunks used l)y some passenp^ers not
unfrequently inflicts serious injury on the porters who handle them.
Travellers are therefore urged to place their heavy articles in the smaUer
packages and thus to minimize the evil as far as possible.
Circular Tour Tickets ('Zusammenstellbare Fahrschein-Hefte';
see the 'Reichs-Kursbuch', Sec. 433) for prolonged tours are not
issued for distances under 600 kilometres (372 M.) ; those for distances
up to 3000 kilom. (1860 M.) are valid for 60 days, for 3000-5000
kilom. (3100 M.) for 90 days, and beyond that distance for 120 days.
The journey can be broken without any formality at any of the
stations. These tickets (issued in the form of books of coupons)
must be ordered one day before the beginning of the journey on
special forms to be obtained at the railway-stations or at the city
offices of the railways. The rate of fare is the same as for ordinary
tickets. The tickets are available by all trains, though an extra
charge is made for the use of the international 'Luxusziige^ (marked
'L' in the time-tables; 1st cl. only).
Railway time throughout Germany is that of 'Mid-Europe', which
is one hour in advance of Grreenwich time, and about 50 min. in
advance of Paris time.
IV. Cycling and Motoring JSTotes.
Cycling is very prevalent in Germany, and the main roads are
all good. In the part of Germany covered by the present volume
excellent opportunities for cycling and motoring tours are afforded
by Thuringia, the Harz, and the neighbourhood of Dresden. Some
of the busier streets in towns are apt to be closed to the cyclist, and
restrictions are often made on the use of the wheel in public parks.
Adequate lamps, brakes, and bells (not whistles or horns) are re-
quired by the authorities ; and the police have the right to demand
the exhibition of the cyclist's club-ticket or passport. The rule of
the road is to keep to the right in meeting, and to pass on the left
in overtaking. Led horses must be met and passed on the side
on which the man in charge is.
Cycles accompanied by their owners are admitted to Germany duty-
free. On the railways uncrated bicycles are carried as personal higgage
when accompanied by the owner. On distances up to 100 kilometres
(62 M.), however, the rider may take a bicycle-ticket ('Fahrradkarte"' ;
20 pf.); he must then himself take his wheel to and from the baggage-car,
xiv PLAX OF TOUR.
and must also transfer it from one train to the other, if carriages are
charged en route. Motor-cycles, however, must pay the luggage-rate.
Motor Cars entering G-ermany are liable to a customs-duty of
150 t^, whicli is returned when the car quits the country. The
cars of foreign visitors need not display number-plates, but their
owners must take out an official permission I'Erlaubniskarte'; up
to 30 days 40 ^) and the drivers certificate must be countersigned
by a German consul. The cars must be equipped with lamps,
brakes, and horns (or whistles). Persons under 18 years of age
are not allowed to drive automobiles or ride motor-bicycles. In
populous districts the speed-limit is 9 M. (15 kil.) per hr.
Among the best road-maps are those issued by Bavenstein <fc Liebetww
(1:300,000). 3Iittelbach (1:300.000), and Ehhardt & Co. The German
volume of the Continental Road Book of the Cyclists' Touring Club will
be found useful. The Imperial Automobile Club (Berlin) issues official
touring maps.
V. Plan of Tour.
The following sketch of the chief points of interest for a tour in
Xorth G-ermany is intended rather as a specimen list than as a com-
plete catalogue. It might easily have been considerably extended.
To Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, a separate volume
has been devoted {Baedeker's Berlin, 3rd edit., 1908); but mention
may be made here of its characteristic interest as the greatest
purely modern city in Europe, as well as of its museums, which rank
among the first in the world for importance and scientific arrange-
ment, and of its fine public buildings and statues, ranging from the
creations of Andreas Schliiter (^Arsenal, Royal Schloss, Monument of
the Great Elector). Schinkel ( Konigswache, Schauspielhaus. Schloss-
Briicke, Old Museum), and Ranch (Statue of Frederick the Great),
down to the imposing Reichstags -Gebaude '1884-94; and the new
Cathedral ^completed in 1902). The Berlin ^season' is in Jan. and
Feb., when the court is in residence, but for tourists spring is more
attractive. The great reviews of the guards take place in May and
at the beginning of September. — Potsdam^ with its wood -girt
lakes and numerous royal palaces, also deserves a visit.
Hamburg and Bremen are the chief seats of German maritime
trade. The former, with its magnificent harbour 60 M. above the
mouth of the Elbe, is the most important commercial city in the
world after London and Xew York. Its collections of modern art
are noteworthy. Bremen, the port of which is Bremerhaven. at
the mouth of the Weser, 40 M. distant, retains more of the appear-
ance of an inland town and has preserved more of its historical
stamp than Hamburg. Lubeck. on the Baltic Sea, the third of the
Free Cities of Germany, was in the middle ages the powerful head
of the Hanseatic League (p. 146), but declined in importance when
the discovery of America dislocated the previously existing trade-
PLAK OF TOUR.
XV
routes. Its imposing churches , its Kathaus, and its ancient gate-
ways still testify to its mediseval greatness. The brick architecture
of Liibeck is of great importance in the history of art; it was
imitated in numerous towns in N. Germany. — Kiel is the chief
naval harbour of Germany. -^ Schwerin, capital of the duchy of
Mecklenburg -Schwerin, possesses a venerable brick cathedral, a
fine modern palace, and a picture-gallery, rich in Dutch works.
Hanover, once the seat of the dukes of Brunswick -Liine burg,
who ascended the British throne in 1714, is now essentially a hand-
some modern town, with varied industries. — Brunswick offers
many points of interest to the art-lover. Burg Dankwarderode, re-
cently restored, was a favourite abode of Henry the Lion (1139-95),
the opponent of Emp. Frederick Barbarossa. The cathedral, founded
about the same period, contains several contemporaneous works of
art. The Gothic Rathaus, several Gothic churches, and numerous
late -Gothic and Renaissance houses recall the prosperity of the
town from the 13th to the 16th century. The ducal picture-gallery
is especially strong in the Dutch School. — Several small towns in
the Harz, the domain of the Saxon dukes who occupied the German
imperial throne in the 10-1 1th cent., preserve works of art in the
Romanesque style. Of these perhaps the chief is Goslar. — Hildes-
heim richly repays a visit. Under its art-loving bishops of the 11-
12th cent, the town became one of the chief seats of Romanesque
art in Germany. The fine churches of that period abound in remark-
able contemporary bronze works. Hildesheim is distinguished also
for its wealth of timber-architecture of the 16th century.
Westphalia is not so rich in works of art. But MUnster, the pro-
vincial capital, contains a number of noteworthy churches, mostly
in the Gothic style, a handsome Rathaus of the 14th cent., numer-
ous picturesque old gabled houses, and aristocratic mansions
('Adelshofe') in the baroque style. The W. portion of the province
unites with the adjoining part of the Rhine province to form the
most extensive industrial region in Germany. Essen, with a church
dating in part from the Carlovingiau period, is the seat of Krupp's
Cast Steelworks (no admission) ; Bochum and Dortmund are centres
of the coal and iron industry; Solingen has been noted for its steel
goods since the middle ages; and textile manufactures flourish at
Elberf eld- Barmen, Milnchen-Gladhach, and Krefeld.
For details concerning the Rhine districts we refer the traveller
to Baedeker^ s Handbook for the Rhine. Here we may remind him
of Cologne, with its magnificent Gothic cathedral; of Aachen (Aix-
la-Chapelle), the minster of which is the most important archi-
tectural monument in Germany of the time of Charlemagne; and
of Coblenz, with the impressive monument to Emp. William I.
The picture-gallery of Cassel is one of the most important of
the collections that owe their origin to the art-loving German princes
xvi PLAN OF TOUR.
of the 18tli century. As in the case of many of these collections,
the Dutch masters are especially well represented, and a visit to
Cassel is essential for the study of these artists, especially of Rem-
brandt and Frans Hals. The adjacent chateau of Wilhelmshohe has
an extensive wooded park and fine fountains, which, however, play
on certain days only in summer.
Perhaps the most interesting points in Thuringia are Eisenach
with the Wartburg, presenting an authentic picture of an early
mediaeval princely castle; and Weimar , the far-famed 'Dichter-
Stadt*, with its memorials of Goethe and Schiller. The beauty of
G-erman forests can hardly be better seen than at Schivarzburg.
Magdeburg, the chief town of the Prussian province of Saxony,
is the leadinof beetroot suo^ar- market of Germanv. Its mediaeval
prosperity is commemorated in the equestrian statue of Emp. Otho I.
(1290i and in the Gothic cathedral.
Leipzig, the second city of the Kingdom of Saxony, is famous
as the centre of the German publishing trade, as the possessor of
one of the most ancient and important universities in Germany, and
(more recently) as the seat of the supreme law-courts of the Em-
pire. The buildings of the supreme courts rank among the most
important of the modern public edifices of Germany. The famous
Gewandhaus Concerts (in winter) are mentioned at p. 238.
Dresden, the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, is one of thf
favourite resorts of foreigners in Germany, and merits attention,
not only on account of its art -treasures, but also for its situation
and picturesque neighbourhood. During the reign of Augustus the
Strong (1694-1733) it was one of the chief centres of German art;
and the baroque and rococo buildings of that period lend the city
its characteristic stamp to the present day. The Dresden school of
sculpture rose to great brilliance in the 19th cent., in the hands
of Rietschel (d. 1861;, Hahnel (d. 1891), and their pupils. The
picture-gallery is one of the finest in the world. It possesses im-
portant works of all schools, especially the Italian and Dutch;
Haphael, Correggio, Titian, Rembrandt, and Jacob van Ruysdael
are all here represented by world-famed masterpieces. The collec-
tions of weapons and porcelain in the Museum Johanneum, and
those of goldsmith's work and gems in the Green Yault are also
important. Attractive excursions may be made from Dresden to
Meissen, with an ancient castle and the oldest porcelain factory in
Europe (Dresden china), and to the Saxon Sivitzerland. the moun-
tainous region on the Elbe, extending to the borders of Bohemia.
— Chemnitz^ in S. Saxony, is the centre of the Saxon textile in-
dustry; its woven goods compete with those of England.
Breslau. the chief town of Silesia, is another important com-
mercial and industrial town, with a fine Rathaus dating from its
zenith in the 14-1 5th centuTies. The Giant Mountains (Eiesen-
HOTELS. xvii
Gebirge), the crest of which separates Silesia from Bohemia, include
the highest summit (Schneekoppe, 5260 ft.), in Northern Germany.
In the KE. of Germany Danzig, the chief town of West Prussia,
is of interest, both on account of its brick churches and of its sec-
ular buildings in the baroque style of the 16th and 17th centuries.
Of the other interesting edifices in the province, most belong to the
period during which the knights of the Teutonic Order conquered
and held sway over the territories of the heathen Prussians (18-
15th cent.). The castle ot Marienburg is the noblest secular building
of mediaeval Germany. Kmiigsherg, the capital of East Prussia, and
Stettin, the capital of Pomerania, have little to oft'er the sightseer.
For the tourist on foot Northern Germany comprizes many at-
tractive and picturesque districts, such as the Saxon Switzerland,
the Tharingian Forest, the Harz, tlie Giant Mountains, and the
island of BUgen. — The favourite sea-bathing resorts are Herings-
dorf and Misdroy on the Baltic, the island of Eilgen, the East
Frisian and the North Frisian Islands, and Heligoland.
A visit to the chief points in Northern and Central Germany may
be accomplished in abont three weeks, as follows : Berlin and environs,
4-6 days. — Liibeck, 1 day. — Hamburg, IV2 day. — Breineni, V2-I ^^Y- —
Hanover, 1/2"! day. — Brunsivick, I-IV2 day. — Hildesheim, V2-I day. —
Cassel, 1 day. — Eisenach, the Warthurg, and Weimar, VJ2 day. —
Leipzig, V2-I day. — Dresden and environs, 3-4 days. — Eastern Germany
lies outside the range of the ordinary tourist. — For the Rhine, see
Baedeker''s Rhine.
VI. Hotels.
The first-class hotels in the principal towns and watering-places
throughout Germany are generally good and somewhat expensive;
but it sometimes happens that in old-fashioned hotels of unassum-
ing exterior, particularly in places off the beaten track, the trav-
eller finds more real comfort and much lower charges.
The average charges in the first-class hotels are as follows: room
(including light and attendance) 3-5 c^, plain breakfast l-V/U^^-,
dinner 3-5 ^, pension (i.e. board, lodging, and attendance) 7-10 c^/.
In some of the most luxurious houses and for extra accommodation,
the charges are considerably higher. When not otherwise indicated,
R. (room) is used in this Handbook to include light and attend-
ance. — Small gratuities are expected by the portier, boots ('Haus-
knecht'), chambermaid, and head-waiter ('Oberkellner'). The total
amount of these may be reckoned at about 10 per cent of the bill.
When the traveller remains for a week or more at a hotel, it is
advisable to call for his account every two or three days, in order
that erroneous insertions may be at once detected. A habit too
often prevails of presenting the bill at the last moment, when mis-
takes or wilful impositions cannot easily be detected or rectified.
Those who intend starting early in the morning should therefore
ask for their bills on the previous evening.
Baedeker's N". Germany. 15th Edit. b
xviii POST AKD TELEGRAPH OFFICES.
Hotel -keepers who wish to commend their houses to British and
American travellers are reminded of the desirability of providing the
sedrooms with large basins, foot-baths, plenty of water, and an adequate
bupply of towels. Great care should be taken that the sanitary arrange-
ments are in good order, including a strong flush of water, and proper
toilette-paper; and no house that is deficient in this respect can rank as
first-class or receive a star of commendation, whatever may be its ex-
cellencies in other departments.
English travellers often impose considerable trouble by order-
ing things almost unknown in G-erman usage; and if ignorance of
the language be added to w^ant of conformity to the customs,
misunderstandings and disputes are apt to ensue. The reader is
therefore recommended to endeavour to adapt his requirements
to the habits of the country, and to acquire if possible such a
moderate proficiency in the language as to render him intelligible
to the servants.
Vn. Post, Telegraph, and Telephone Offices.
Postal Rates. Ordinary Letters within Germany and
Austria-Hungary, 10 pf. per 20 grammes (-3 oz.) prepaid; for
foreign countries 20 pf. (for the United States 10 pf., if sent by
direct steamer). Registered Letters 20 pf. extra. Letters by
Town Post. 5 pf. up to 250 grammes (9 oz.). — Post Cards 5 pf.,
for abroad 10 pf. Reply post-cards 10 pf., for abroad 20 pf. —
Printed Papers fDrucksachen)^ up to 50 gr. 3 pf., to 100 gr. 5 pf.,
to 250 gr. 10 pf. : for abroad 5 pf. per 50 grammes (1^ 4 oz.).
Post Office Orders f Postanweisungen) within Germany, not
exceeding 5 Jl, 10 pi: 100 ^, 20 pf.; 200 c^, 30 pf.; 400 Jl,
40 pf.; 600 J6, 50 pf.; 800 ^l, 60 pf.; for Austria-Hungary 10 pf.
per 20 Jl (minimum 20 pf.). The charges for post-office orders
for foreign countries vary, and may be learned on application at
any post-office (for the United Kingdom 20 pf. per 20 ^7/, for the
United States 20 pf. per 40 Jl).
Telegrams. The minimum charge for a telegram to Great
Britain or Ireland is 80 pf.. to any other European country 50 pf.,
subject to which conditions telegrams are charged at the following
rates per word: Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Luxembourg 5 pf. :
Belgium, Denmark, Holland, and Switzerland 10 pf. ; France 12 pf. ;
Great Britain. Italy. Xorway, Roumania, and Sweden 15 pf. ; Greece
30 pf . : Turkey 45 pf. : other European countries 20 pf. Telegrams
to the United States cost from 1 ^/ 5 to 1 c^ 60 pf. per word. —
Telegrams despatched and received within the same town are
charged 3 pf. per word (minimum 30 pf.). — Urgent telegrams,
marked D (i.e. dringend), taking precedence of all others, pay
thrice the above tariff.
Telephones. The urban service costs 10-20 pf. per 3 min.,
the inter-urban service from 20 pf. to 2 c^.
North German Art.
A Historical Sketch by Frofessor Anton Sj^ringer.
Though many of the towns described in this Handbook have
been at different epochs the scene of a varied and important art-
istic activity, it is yet scarcely possible to speak of North German
Art as an individual development. Not only is continuity of devel-
opment wanting, but anything like a uniform cultivation of the
different branches of art is also conspicuously absent. Painting,
for example, has been neglected to a remarkable extent in compar-
ison with its sister arts, and North Germany can boast few original
pictures of importance. The art of this district is also much more
recent than that of other parts of Grermany. On the Rhine, and in
all other i}arts of the country where the Roman power was estab-
lished, important buildings were erected in the earliest centuries of
our era, and artistic handicrafts, such as pottery and glass-making,
reached a state of considerable perfection. Even the art of the
Carlovingian period (9th cent.), w^hich produced works of such ex-
cellence at Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle), the second Rome, and in the
Bavarian-Alemannian region, scarcely affected Northern Grermany
at all. It was not till the time of the Saxon emperors (10-1 1th cent.)
that art began to show some signs of active life in the ancestral
possessions of the Othos, partly evoked by the emperors them-
selves and transmitted by individual princes and bishops into wider
circles, extending from Westphalia to the Elbe. Our knowledge of
the art of this period is, however, based more upon tradition than
upon an actual inspection of the monuments themselves, and the
scanty remains of buildings of the 10th and 11th centuries now
extant {e.g. at Quedlinburg and Gernrode) are subjects for the
antiquarian rather than for the ordinary student of art. The archi-
tectural remains of Lower Saxony dating from the 12th century
are, however, more numerous, and are sufficient to prove that an
independent and definite style of building had been developed there
at a comparatively early period.
It is customary to apply the name of Romanesque Style to
the architecture prevalent in the W. half of Christendom from the
10th century to the end of the 12th, or even (in Germany at last)
till the 13th century, and we find the prototype of the churches
then built in the early-Christian basilicas. The common object of
the churches in different lands accounts for the similarity of their
exteriors. But this similarity is by no means carried to the length
of identity. The principal divisions demanded by the religious
^ b*
XX NORTH GER]MAX .VET.
services are commou to all. but the detailed treatment of these
parts varies very considerably. In all the space reserved for the
congregation consists of a lofty and wide nave, flanked by two nar-
rower and lower aisles, while the clergy and altar occupy a chancel
or apse with a semicircular termination. In the larger churches
these were supplemented by a iransept, often wider than the nave,
which gave a cruciform shape to the whole. The vestibule and the
towers may also be regarded as constant features, though the latter
vary in number and position.
Assuming, then, these necessary elements of the Eomanesque
style, we have now to consider the features specially character-
istic of th-e Lower Saxox ARCHiTECxrRE of the 11-1 2th centuries.
In the first place we find no elaborate fagade or richly adorned
portico at the entrance. The W. end of the church consists of a
lofty and plain projection flanked by towers and usually unbroken
by either door or window. The ordinary entrance, especially in
the case of monastic churches, was at the side and led from the
cloisters or cloister-garth into the interior. The upper wall of the
nave is generally supported by pillars instead of columns, though
an arrangement of alternate columns and pillars is not unusual.
This latter arrangement indeed is an important characteristic of
lower Saxon architecture, and as it is not due to any structural ne-
cessity it must be referred to a sense of delight in rhythmical pro-
portions, which finds additional expression in the decorations of
the walls. Little or no attempt was made to produce buildings
imposing through their mere mass or size, and structural skill
developed but slowly. At first every part of the church, with the
exception of the chancel and the crypt, was covered by a flat
wooden ceiling: afterwards the aisles were also vaulted, but it was
not till the l*2th cent, that the vaulting of the nave became the
rule. On the other hand a lively sense for the decoration of the
various members of the building is noticeable at an early period.
The simple cubical capitals of the columns in the earliest period
soon give way to more varied shapes, elaborately adorned with
foliage and carvings. The cornices, friezes, and hood-mouldings of
the interior also show the prevalence of this early-developed and
refined feeling for ornament, in which the buildings of lower
Saxony are superior to all others on German soil. Xeither the
Rhenish churches, most of which are built of soft tufa, nor those
of South Gfermany. in which the details are often singularly rude,
can vie with them in this respect Among the causes of this ar-
tistic development in Xorth Germany may be mentioned the fre-
quent residence of the emperors in that part of their realm, their
immediate participation in the work of founding and maintaining
churches, and the wealth placed at the disposal of pious founders
by the rich mines of the Harz Mountains. Qaedlinhi/i-g -dnd Merse-
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxi
burgvfere intimately connected with Henry the Fowler, Magdeburg
with Otho the Great, Goslar with Henry III. and Henry iv., and
Konigslutter with the Emp. Lothaire, while the importance of towns
like Hildesheim, Halhey^stadt,, and Brunswick was due to the same
causes. The extant edifices of the 11th cent, are, of course, few in
number, and those that have retained their original appearance still
fewer. Alterations and additions were frequently undertaken in tlie
following century and many of the old buildings were replaced by
entirely new ones.
Among the most important Romanesque buildings in Lower
Saxony and the adjoining Thuringia are the following: the Lieb-
frauen-Kirchen Vii Magdeburg and Halbei^stadt ; the ruined church
of Paulinzella, in which the arches are borne by columns; the
church at Wechselburg, interesting for the uniformity of its
design and execution; the vestibule of the cathedral of Goslar,
the only remaining fragment of the edifice; the Kaiserpfalz,
also at Groslar, the most important secular work of the 11th cent.;
the Wartburg, the chief secular building of the 12th cent.; the
convent-church of Neuiverk; the Benedictine abbey of Konigs-
lutter; and the two Cistercian churches of Loccum, near Minden,
and Riddagshausen, near Brunswick, both of which belong to the
13th century. To the latest Romanesque period belong the nave
and transept of the cathedral of Naumburg, with their pointed
vaulting and rich articulation of pillars.
Even the cultivated traveller is, however, apt to leave the in-
spection of such isolated works to the professional enthusiast.
Such towns as Hildesheim and Brunswick on the other hand,
contain a wealth of architectural interest, that will not fail to
delight even the layman and put him in touch with the artistic
spirit of mediaeval Germany. The numerous Romanesque churches
and quaint timbered dwellings of both towns leave the imagination
an easy task in realizing the everyday life of the old German
burghers. Most of the timber buildings are, it is true, of recent
construction; but it is well known that timber architecture is the
most conservative of all and adheres most closely to the tradition-
ary forms. The originator of the artistic activity displayed in
Hildesheim was Bishop Bernward, who filled the episcopal office
there from 993 to 1022. Several small objects of this period are
preserved in the treasure-chambers of the Cathedral and St. Mag
dalen^s Church. The bishop's principal creation, the aS'^. MichaeVs
Church, was restored in the 12th cent, after a fire, but retains its
original appearance essentially unaltered. There are a transept
and apse at each end of the nave, and no fewer than six towers
lend beauty and variety to the exterior. This church, like the
Cathedral and St. Godehard^s, shows a mixture of columns and
pillars in the interior, but the abbey-church in the suburb ol"
xxii XORTH GERMiJ^ ART.
Moritzberg is a purely columnar basilica. While the buildings of
Hildesheim thus afford us a good insight into the nature of the
early -Romanesque style, those of Bruxswick, dating from the
time of Henry the Lion, supply admirable examples of the skill in
vaulting acquired at a later period. Pillars alone are here used in
supporting the body of the church, but the varied form given to
these, according as they merely bear the arcades or are connected
with the vaulting, is a reminiscence of the former alternative
system of pillar and column. The vaults are destitute of ribs and
form square compartments in such a way that only each alternate
pillar is a supporter of the vaulting arch. The churches themselves
are all distinctly cruciform in plan and gain great dignity from
the two lofty towers at the W. end. The leading examples are
the Cathedral and the churches of SS. Atidrew^ Martin^ and
Catharine. The plastic ornamentation of the individual features is
not as a rule so elaborate as at Hildesheim. but there are never-
theless several fine sculptured portals.
Though, as has been said above, the art of Painting was com-
paratively little developed in X. Germany, it must not be supposed
that it was altoofether neo^lected in the districts we have been con-
sidering. Xo traces remain of the battle-scenes that Henry the
Fowler is reported to have had painted in his palace at Mersehurg;
but the painted wooden ceiling in St. Michael's at Hildesheim^ the
extensive series of mural paintings in the Cathedral oi Brunswick^
those of the Xeuiverker-Kirche at Goslar and the Liehfrauen-
Kirche at Halberstadt. and the relics of coloured decorations in
the Westphalian Churches all seem to point to a considerable
amount of practice in the use of the brush. It is now, of course,
impossible to judge of the colouring of these works, but both the
drawing and the composition reveal no ordinary degree of skill.
In the department of Sctxpture, however. Lower Saxony can
boast of much more important productions even in the early part of
the middle aofcs. The enersfv with which mininor was carried on
could not fail to have a great effect in developing the arts of metal-
foundinof and nietal-workinof in all their branches. Hildesheim
contains several monuments in cast metal reaching as far back as
the episcopate of Bemward, and among the treasures of art in
Brunswick are the Lion in the Burg-Platz. the seven-branched
candelabra and the altar of the Duchess Matilda in the cathedral,
and several other works in bronze, all dating from the time of
Henry the Lion. The art of sculpture in stone did not lag behind,
and by the end of the 12th or beginning of the 13th cent, it at-
tained a pitch of excellence superior to that in any other part of
Germany. A significant fact is the frequent use of the easily-
worked stucco instead of stone, a j^roof of the early desire to re-
move all merelv material hindrances to the attainment of a hio^h
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxiii
artistic ideal. Stucco reliefs are found, for example, mSt.MichaeVs
Church at Hildesheim and the Liehfrauen-Kirche at Halherstadt.
Among the finest sculptures in stone are reckoned the portal of
the Cathedral at Paderhorn and the statues in the vestibule of
Munster Cathedral^ both in Westphalia; in Lower Saxony the
Tomb of Henry the Lion and his Wife in Brunswick Cathedral
(early 13th cent.), and the Monument of Otho /., one of the ear-
liest equestrian statues in mediseval art, and the W. portal of the
Cathedral at Magdeburg ; and in Upper Saxony the works that
adorn the pulpit at Wechselburg and the Goldene Pforte at
Freiberg in the Erzgebirge. The painted wooden group of the
Crucifixion above the altar at Wechselburg may be mentioned
also. The zenith of late-Romanesque sculpture in Germany was
reached in the sculptures in Naumburg Cathedral j the finest
being the statues of the princes beside the choir-screen, which are
distinguished by their lifelike and dignified appearance. Strictly
speaking, these works fall outside the sphere of Lower Saxon
art. But we shall not be far wrong if we assume that there was
an art-movement from Lower Saxony towards the E. and S., and
that the sculpture of Upper Saxony also had its foundations in
N. Germany.
The German coast-districts make their debut in art at a later
period than the towns between the Harz and the Elbe. They
occupy, however, an equally important position in the history of
art on account of the remarkable development of their Brick
Architecture. The first churches here were usually made of
wood, sometimes of blocks of granite; and the novel material
brought in its train novel forms and deviations from the tradi-
tional style. The builders had to renounce a sharply defined pro-
file in the individual members, as well as elaborate ornamentation
with the chisel. The angular replaces the round, the slender col-
umn gives way to the pillar, the rounded corners of the old capitals
are bevelled ofi^. The larger surfaces are not relieved by projecting
and receding members, but by moulded bricks, which are combined
in various patterns and often in varied colours. The buildings in
this 'Baltic Style' are by no means deficient in size or stateliness,
as bricks are admirably adapted for vaulting large spaces, while
their lightness makes it easy to attain a great height. At the
same time it cannot be denied that the unrelieved outline often
gives a heavy and even characterless appearance to the whole.
This brick architecture was introduced into Lower Saxony from
Lombardy and moved with the German colonists into Scandinavia
and Russia. Romanesque architecture in brick may be studied to
greatest advantage in the Mark of Brandenburg, the towns of
which began to obtain some importance in the 12th century.
Besides the Cathedral and Nicolai - Kirche at Brandenburg,
xxiv XOETH GERMAN ART.
we may instance the Cistercian Church at Dohrilugk and the
Premonstrateusian Church at Jerichow, foundations of the two
monastic orders which did such good service in opening up
the Xorth of G-ermany to civilization. Parts of the naves of
Lilbeclc and Ratzehurg Cathedrals, which were erected under
the influence of the buildings of Brunswick, also date from the
12th century.
The golden era of brick architecture, however, begins with the
centuries which are generally known in the history of art as the
Gothic Period. But the Gothic style of the brick buildings of
Xorth Germany is something very different from the 'Cathedral
Gothic' which found its way in the course of the 13th cent, from
France to the Rhine and thence to Central and Southern Germany,
marking its course by a long series of imposing ecclesiastical edifices.
The essence of French Gothic lies, as is well known, in its system
of buttresses. The vaulting is not borne by the pillars of the
nave alone, its outward thrust is counteracted by plain and flying
buttresses. The solidity and unity of the exterior are lost in a
multiplicity of detail. The building is. as it were, conceived as
a mighty scaffolding of individual members all closely connected
with each other. The intervening wall-spaces are considered, and
in respect of ornamentation are treated, not as structural parts of
the building but simply as a means of filling up the gaps in the
frame-work. Even in the decorations the same idea is predominant.
The tracery and mouldings of the windows and walls, the per-
forated surfaces are all in harmony with this peculiar constructive
theory.
This style of Gothic does not occur in Xorth Germany except
sporadically, and as a rule only when favoured by external influences.
The cathedrals of Magdeburg and Halberstadt may be adduced as
examples. For buildings in brick this style of architecture was ob-
viously not suitable ; and it would also seem that it did not appeal
to the practical common sense of the Xorth German people, who
wished to build for immediate use rather than for illimitable dura-
tion. The use of bricks as building material was as antagonistic
to the employment of buttresses as it was favourable to vaulting.
In brick buildings it is impossible wholly to renounce the appear-
ance of solidity and mass, and difficult to relieve the surfaces of
walls by pillars and other details. The airy pinnacle and aspiring
turret, the delicate ornamentation of open tracery are alien to the
spirit of brick architecture, which has to content itself with an
imitation of tracery in coloured bricks and with the arch-mould-
ings of the Romanesque style. Altogether the contrast between the
Romanesque and Gothic style is by no means so sharp here as
elsewhere. The pointed arch, for instance, had naturalized itself
long before the use of buttresses came into vogue.
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxv
When we speak here of a transition style, we nuist remember
that it is not a transition to the ordinary Gothic architecture but
merely to that peculiar variety of it developed on the Baltic coasts.
A large proportion of the churches are so-called 'Hallerikirche}(\
i.e. churches resembling halls. In these the traditionary dispro-
portion between the nave and the aisles disappears, the latter being
made as high and almost as wide as the former. This form of
church is already met with in isolated examples in the 12th cent,
and beyond the confines of the brick style of architecture, but it
finds by far its most general adoption in the Gothic period and in
the North of Germany. The degradation of the choir goes hand in
hand with the development of this style of church. While the choir
of a Franco-German Gothic building spreads out like a fan with
its ambulatory and radiating chapels, the Hallenkirche terminates
most congenially in a straight gable-wall. The pillars of the nave
also become simplified and are often square or octagonal; at a later
period they not infrequently jnerge in the ribs of the vaulting with-
out a capital to mark w^here the pillar ends and the vaulting begins.
It is palpable that the architects do not consider it part of their
function to promote the ornamental enrichment of the interior by
a delicate and elaborate system of architectural articulation; they
leave the internal decoration to consist of the altars, wood-carvings,
metal-work, and the like. The exterior of the church makes no
attempt to hide the unassuming nature of the design, or the simple
massiveness of the frame-work; but the appearance of rudeness and
heaviness was avoided by the rich ornamentation of the gables and
by a free use of coloured decorations. Glazed and coloured tiles,
arranged in stripes and patterns, enliven the wall-surfaces and feast
the eye in the portals and gables.
The critic, however, must not do the North German buildings
the injustice of comparing them Avith the vast cathedrals of the
West, such as those of Cologne and Strassburg. The latter represent
an entirely difl'erent school of art and are rooted in an entirely
different conception of life. The power and charm of the brick
buildings of North Germany — the territory of the Hanseatic
League and the Teutonic Order — lie in their expression of well-
considered strength, in their cheerful solidity, in their clear and
definite intention. The purpose is never obscured, the essential
never disguised by a mass of details. Here we may speak with
justice of a national German architecture, in a sense which does
not apply to the buildings of South Germany. Amid the general
similarity of these brick buildings we can moreover distinguish
several groups, defined by difference of style as well as by geogra-
phical position.
The large Marlen-Kirche at Liibeck, erected in the latter
half of the 13th cent., adheres to the model of the great French
xxvi XORTH &ERM.\X ART.
cathedrals, and this may partly be accounted for by the jealousy
of the bishop's cathedral felt by the merchants of Liibeck and their
ambition to produce a church that would throw it into the shade.
The nave towers high above the aisles; the termination of the choir
is octagonal and it possesses an ambulatory and radiating chapels.
This celebrated church was the model for the Cistercian Church
at Doheran . the Schwerin Cathedral , the Marien-Kirche at
Rostock, the Marien-Kirche at StralsuiuL and many others.
Some of the Churches of Breslau {e.g. St. Elizabeth's), though
quite outside the influence of the Liibeck building, show the same
tendency to exalt the nave at the expense of the aisles. The 14th
century was the golden age of architecture in Silesia, particularly
in Breslau, and numerous important structures of this period testify
to the fact. The different stages of development and varieties of
style may here be studied with great convenience, for brick and
freestone buildings, cruciform churches and 'Hallenkirchen', the
simplest and the most complicated systems of vaulting are all found
here side by side. It is a subject for regret that so few students
of art bend their steps to the capital of Silesia.
Another group of Gothic buildings meets us in the Mark of
Braxdexbukoj. Of these the tvro conventual churches of Lehnin
and Chorin. the latter now a ruin, the names of which occur so
often in the history of Brandenburg, must first be mentioned. It
must not, however, be therefore supposed that Brandenburg differs
from the other districts of Xorth G-ermany in the prominence of
its monastic buildings. The part played by religious establishments
in the encouragement of mediaeval art cannot be lightly spoken of,
but when a fuller and freer artistic life began in these northern
regions, the power and influence of the great monastic orders were
already on the wane. The preaching and mendicant friars were
still active and influential, but they had neither the means nor the
desire to raise structures of monumental importance. The great
majority of the Gothic churches of Xorth Germany, and nearly all
the most important ones, are town and parochial churches, founded
by the citizens and standing in the closest connection with the civic
community: and there is no doubt that this civil origin exercised
a great influence upon their form and style. It explains, for instance,
the modest dimensions of the choir, as it was not necessary to find
room for a large number of clergy. The desire of the rich burgher
to perpetuate his name accounts for the extraordinary number of
private chapels in the town churches. These were often formed by
continuinof the buttresses throuo-h the wall into the interior and
occupying the spaces thus indicated between them. The singular
mixture of boldness and sobriety, exemplified in the loftiness of
the nave and towers on the one hand and the sparing use of super-
fluous architectonic ornaments on the other, as well as the prefer-
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxvii
once shown lor the spacious, the airy, and the perspicuous, may
also be ascribed to the dominant tendencies of the civic mind. It
has long since been observed that the contrast between sacred and
profane buildings is by no means so marked in North Grermany as
in most other countries.
Among the brick buildings of the Mark a prominent place is
taken by the Church of St. Catharine in the town of Brandenburg.
It is a 'Hallenkirche', and the decoration of the exterior shows the
utmost richness attainable by the use of polychrome painting and
coloured tiles. The buttresses, embellished with pointed gables,
rosettes, and perforated work, are farther adorned with alternate
bands of red and dark-green tiles. The art of sculpture was also
freely laid under requisition for the adornment of the edifice, and
more than 100 niches were made in the buttresses and filled with
statues in terracotta. Among the other churches of the Mark in
which a similar style of ornamentation is used may be mentioned
the Mai^ien ' Kirche at Prenzlau and the Cathedral and the
May^ien-Kirche at Stendal.
Turning our eyes now to the extreme North, we find that while
several churches (such as those dedicated to St. Nicholas at Lime-
burg and Stralsundj as well as some in Mecklenburg) are evidently
imitations of the proud Marien-Kirche at Llibeck, yet on the whole
the form with nave and aisles of equal height is predominant, espe-
cially towards the E. and in the later periods. In such churches
as the Marien-Kirche at Danzig, the Jacobi-Kirche at Stettin^
and the Marien-Kirche at Colberg, wiiat strikes us most is their
huge proportions. These are due not to an empty striving after
mere size, but to the necessity of providing accommodation for the
large parishes of populous towns. In architectonic decoration the
churches of the Baltic Towns do not vie with those of Branden-
burg. The lover of art will, however, find ample satisfaction in
the fine brasses that cover the tombs (the best in the cathedral of
Lilbeckj the Nicolai-Kirche of Stralsund, and the cathedral of
Schiverin) and in the carved wooden altars, which are most frequent
in Pomerania.
The latest variety of North-GJ-erman brick buildings was devel-
oped in the territories of the Teutoj^ic Order. Tradition and the
nature of the material here caused the elaborate external decoration
to sink into a subsidiary place, while a plain, massive, and severe
exterior was encouraged by the fact that the churches generally
formed part of the fortified posts of the knights. The only church
of the Order that displays any great attempt at external embellish-
ment is the picturesquely situated Cathedral of Frauenburg, which
is also distinguished by the possession of a vestibule lavishly adorned
with coloured tiles. The interiors of the churches, most of which
have nave and aisles of equal height, are also simple and the pillars
xxviii XORTH GERMAX AKT.
aucl piers are clinnsy. The ceilings, however, often consist of elaborate
net-work or fau-vaulting. formed by an increase in the number of
ribs and showino^ not onlv orreat technical confidence but also deliofht
in a rich play of lines. The effect of this vaulting is enhanced by
the contrast with the plainness of the rest of the edifice. It is not,
however, the churches that first engage our attention in the lands
of the Teutonic knights: it is in the castles or palaces that the
aesthetic feeling of the Order finds its most characteristic expression.
Just as the members of the Order combined the characters of knight
and monk, so did their palaces partake of the double character of
fortress and monastery. As in conventual establishments, the build-
ings are grouped round a quadrangular court, surrounded by arcades,
but the strong walls and towers, the moats, the turrets, and other
apparatus of defence betoken military purposes, while the splendid
architectonic decoration suggests the interior of a nobleman's res-
idence.
The Order had strongholds of this kind at Heilsberg. Marien-
icerder. Konigsherg '.rebuilt), Bossel, and many other places,
but the most imposing of all was the Marienhurg. The inter-
national relations of the Order suggest that we should find traces
of foreign influence in their edifices. It is indeed not improbable
that the liuofc mosaic relief of the Madonna on the outside of
the church at the 3farienburg was executed by a Venetian
master, and there is a similar work in the portal of the cathedral
at Marienwerder. It is more difficult to guess at the original
source of the fan-tracery vaulting in the -Remter' of the Marien-
hurg. The 'Briefkapelle* of the Marien-Kirche at Liibeck has
vaulting of similar construction and earlier date. It is possible
that the elaborate net and star vaulting of England also had some
influence upon the builders of Xorth Germany, where alone a sim-
ilar system of vaulting has been developed, but this is a question
that still awaits investigation.
If the castles of E. and W. Prussia reflect the might and
character of the Teutonic Order, no less do the Tavj/i Houses and
Town Gates bear witness to the substantial prosperity of the
North German towns. The brick buildings of the Hanseatic towns
cannot, of course, vie with the hotels-de-ville of Belgium, and even
the town halls of solid stone, such as those of Brunswick and
Miinster. are inferior both in size and ornamentation to their
Belgian prototypes, while the variety of outline afforded by the
soaring clock-towers iheffrois) is entirely wanting. The two dis-
tinguishing characteristics of the secular buildings of brick are the
lofty gables, rising high above the roof and often erected merely
as ornaments, and the polychrome decoration. As examples may
be mentioned the town -houses of Liibeck. Bremen. Hanover,
Brandenburg, Stargard. and Tangerniiinde. The Holsten-Tor
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxix
at Luheck is esteemed the most important of the old town-gates,
which were invariably flanked with towers, and there are similar
gates at Wismar, Stendal, Tangermilnde, Brandenburg^ and a
few other places. There is also no lack of tasteful private houses
in brick (Greifswald, Stralsuiid^ Wismar) and in the timbered
style (Bfnmswick, Halherstadt, Hanover)^ but the period of the
Renaissance was the golden age of secular buildings, whether civic
or palatial.
The name and idea of a German Renaissance have only of
late years become familiar in Germany itself and are scarcely
known at all beyond its bounds. The term is used to comprehend
all the creations of German art between about 1520 and 1640,
especially those in the domains of architecture and the industrial
arts. In regard to painting the name is somewhat less strictly
limited, and even Diirer and the younger Holbein are ranked among
the masters of the German Renaissance. Formerly critics were
satisfied with the phrase 'Old German Style' and drew no sharp
line of demarcation between these neglected later works and the
products of the middle ages proper. Nuremberg, for example,
long enjoyed the reputation of being the model of a mediaeval
town, whereas, as a matter of fact, it owes its distinguishing
character to the Renaissance. The old view, however, was not
wholly in the wrong. For though the Italian Renaissance exercised
great influence upon German art from the 16th century onwards,
it is also true that the connection with the inherited native style
was never wholly severed and that many elements of the Gothic
manner of building were adhered to during the period of the
Renaissance.
The development of the German Renaissance took place some-
what as follows. As early as the beginning of the 16th century
German designers, painters, and engravers became alive to the
beauty of the decorative works of Italy, especially of Northern
Italy, and copied columns, pilasters, friezes, and mouldings used
by Italian architects. Renaissance tendencies were also stimu-
lated by the increasing interest in the material side of life in-
spired in the races of the North by classical antiquity, and by the
theoretic studies of size and proportion which German artists
delighted to pursue. The sculptors and metal-workers gradually
followed suit, and the forms of the Renaissance became familiar
in bronze gratings, sepulchral monuments, and small plastic
decorative works of all kinds. An ^arly example is the Memo
rial Brass of Gothard Wigerinck in the Marien-Kirche at Llibeck,
cast soon after 1518. Architecture itself at last also yielded
to the new fashion. The kernel of the buildings, their articu-
lation, and their ground -plans remained, however, unchanged.
The tall and narrow gable still characterized the private house;
XXX XORTH GERMAX ART.
the arrangement of the chateau, the grouping of the dwelling-
rooms, recalls in many respects the mediceval castle. The influence
of the new style was mainly confined to the ornamental details of
the design, such as the cornices, friezes, pillars, and columns.
Particular parts of the huildiug. such as the portals and bay-
windows, were strongly emphasized in order to display the archi-
tect's knowledge of the fashionable Italian art. The typical Italian
palace, with its facade looking as if cast in a mould and with its
strict harmony of proportion between the different stories and the
individual details, was seldom reproduced on German soil, and
when met with may be referred to direct Italian influence. It was
not till about the beginning of the 17th century, when G-erman
architects had begun to prosecute their studies in Italy, that the
Italian palatial style became at all familiar in Germany. The pe-
culiar character of the German Renaissance will, perhaps, be most
justly appreciated, if we mark the following distinction between
it and the Italian style of building. In Italy the chief weight is
laid on the design; the harmonious disposition of spaces and sur-
faces is striven after as the highest aim, and regularity may be
called the predominant feature of Italian structures. In German
buildings the connection of the individual members is often entirely
extrinsic, and unity of design entirely wanting. On the other hand
the execution of the details delights by its thoroughness and vari-
ety of form and makes us forget the disjointed multiplicity of the
design. It is quite in harmony with this distinction that the main
charm of the buildings of the German Renaissance is found in the
internal decorations of the rooms, and that it was the interest in
old German furniture and domestic ornaments that formed the
stepping-stone to the revival of a taste for German Renaissance
architecture.
In the period of the Renaissance Germany appears as a land
open to influences of the most varied kinds. While the Italian style
invaded it from the south and penetrated as far as Saxony and
Silesia, the influence of French and Flemish works made itself
equally evident in the west. This fact of itself proves that it is im-
possible to speak of a uniform German Renaissance, since different
parts of the country received their artistic impress from entirely
different quarters. In addition to this, moreover, the Renaissance
itself assumed different forms according to the style prevalent in
the various territories it affected, while the mere material used,
whether marble or stone or brick, was by no means without in-
fluence in determining the limits imposed upon the new style. The
use of columns, for example, is much more common in the districts
where hewn stone is employed than in those where brick buildings
are the rule. On the whole Xorth Germany, and particularly the
domain of brick architecture, mav claim to have developed the
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxxi
Renaissance more consistently than other parts of the country, to
have broken less abruptly with the past, to have adopted fewer
utterly foreign elements, and to form the truest expression of a
national taste in architecture. In the domain of ecclesiastical
architecture the German Renaissance has naturally few proofs of
its activity to show. Here much more exclusively than in princely
or civic buildings its task was confined to rearrangements of in-
teriors. Monuments, stalls, and altar utensils are the most impor-
tant examples of Renaissance art in the churches. In Palaces and
Chateaux the North of Germany is poorer than Silesia and Saxony.
In Saxony mention must be made of the palace at Torgau, with its
magnificent staircase, and the Royal Palace at Dresden, erected
mainly by Kaspar Voigt under the superintendence of Hans von
Dehn-Rotfelser. A short excursion from Dresden enables us to
compare this structure of the Renaissance with the earlier Gothic
castle of Meissen. In Silesia the handsome chateaux at Brieg
(begun in 1544) and Liegnitz take the first place. We must, how-
ever, remember that these edifices were mainly erected by foreign
architects and must therefore be regarded rather as examples of
the far-reaching Italian style than as creations of Teutonic art.
The foremost place among the secular buildings of the period in
the Baltic lands is due to the FilrstenJiof at Wismar. The newer
wing dates from the second half of the 16th century, and the
decorations on its exterior face are held to be in a diflferent style
from those turned towards the inner court. A similar effective com-
bination of stone and brick, borrowed from Dutch models, appears
in other parts of North Germany, but the terracotta friezes and
medallions of Wismar are unrivalled.
The whole tenor of the history of North Germany makes us
turn naturally to the Municipal Buildings as the choicest results
of the Renaissance as well as of the Gothic period, in this part of
the world. And our expectations are fully realized. The Renais-
sance may be more picturesque and show greater variety in South
and West Germany, but in the North it appears in such solid array
that, until quite lately, whole rows of streets and whole quarters
of the town showed an unbroken series of Renaissance fagades.
Among civic buildings the palm must be given to the Rathaus of
Liibeck. A colonnade, supported by polygonal pillars, has been
placed in front of the building. The arches are slightly flattened,
a not unusual feature in Renaissance buildings. The double windows
are separated by pilasters, alternately ending in an Ionic capital
and in a hernia, and three handsome gables, flanked with volutes
and small obelisks, surmount the whole. The handsome flight of
steps ascending from tlie street is supported by four pillars, and
each of the square stones of which it consists is adorned with stellar
ornamentation. The internal arrangements of some of the rooms
xxxii XORTH GERM.\X XRT.
are also most interesting, and tlie wooden panelling and marble
chimney-piece of the -Kriegsstube' are excellent examples of the
success with which the artistic handicrafts were then plied. A new
colonnaded vestibule, with Gothic vaulting but Doric columns, was
added in the late-Renaissance period to the JRathaus of Bremen.
Above the vestibule is a balcony enclosed by an artistic balustrade
and interrupted in the middle by a lofty gable. The plastic decor-
ations skilfully conceal the lack of proportion in the outline. Other
town -houses of architectural significance are those at Paderborn,
Liinehurg, Emden, Danzig. Brieg. and Xeisse. With these may
be coupled the arsenals of Danzig and Liibeck, the warehouses of
BremenyRnd the guild-houses of Brunswick.
It is, of course, useless to attempt a catalogue of the interesting
Private Houses, and even a detailed description could convey no
adequate conception of their singularly homelike charms. It is often
only a single feature, such as a bow-window or an elaborate door-
way, a tasteful frieze or an ornamented gable, that delights the eye
of the connoisseur. The lighting and surroundings enhance the effect,
a historical interest is added to the aesthetic, and the glamour of the
past is shed on the realities of the present. A walk through the streets
of a Xorth German town is indeed a feast of varied and permanent
enjoyment for the traveller of refined taste in art. The Merchant
Princes of Danzig, redeemed from provincialism and incited to
luxury and display by their far-reaching commercial relations, ex-
pended a special amount of attention on the internal comfort and
external embellishment of their houses. They selected the most
costly kinds of building stone, such as were seldom used for ecclesi-
astical edifices, and took care that the pilasters between the windows,
the spaces between the different stories, and the balustrades in front
of the gable were all profusely adorned with reliefs cut in the stone
and reproducing the antique models of capital and friezes. It almost
seems as if these luxury-loving merchants had been affected by the
light and splendour-loving character of their Slavonic neighbours,
whose partiality for the Renaissance style is marked. One peculiar
feature in these houses, significant of the easy comfortable life en-
joyed by their inmates, is the so-called 'Beischlage', or raised land-
ings surrounded with balustrades, in which the family could sit
aloof from the tumult of the street but yet in sight of all that was
ofoinof on and within easv reach of neio^hbourlv intercourse. The
private dwellings of Llibeck and the other western Hauseatic towns
are much soberer and less pretentious. Their solid magnificence
is reserved for the interior {e.g. the house of the Kaufhute Corn-
pagnie at Llibeck), while the brick facades, apart from the door-
ways, are perfectly simple and invariably surmounted with the tradi-
tional corbie-stepped gable. The inland towns of Lower Saxony, at
a distance from the main arteries of modern traffic, have been
NORTH aSRMAN ART. xxxiii
more conservative in domestic architecture as in manners and
customs.
Timber Architecture is found at its best in the towns last re-
ferred to. The construction is intimately connected with that of the
Gothic period, almost the only marked differences being a dimin-
ution of the upper stories and a free use of Renaissance ornaments
(masks, consoles, volutes, shells, fans, stars, etc.). In these build-
ings the frame or skeleton consists of wooden beams and posts
while the intervening spaces are filled up with clay or brick-work.
The main uprights stand upon wooden sills or horizontal beams
and are connected by tie-beams and stiffened by shorter cross or
diagonal ties. The blank wall-spaces afforded ample opportunity for
ornamentation, and the ends of the tie-beams, the braces, the sills,
and other parts of the wooden frame -work w^ere freely enriched
with carvings. The good examples of timber architecture in North
Germany are too many to enumerate. Among the most important
of the earlier period are the Rathaus of Wernigerode, the Bats-
keller of Halberstadf, and the Alte Wage of Brunsivick. To the
Renaissance period proper belong a great number of interesting
structures at Halherstadt^ GoslaVj Bimnswick, Hanover^ Hameln^
Celle., Hoxter , St other g , and Hildesheim. The Knochenhauer
Amtshaus at Hildesheim, dating from 1529, is a veritable gem of
timber architecture. Above the five stories of the building proper
rises a lofty roof, itself containing several other stories. The fagade
is covered with figures and other ornamentation, in which painting
and wood-carving vie with each other. Here and there a few motives
are visible that would be more allowable in a Gothic building (such
as the frieze of oak -leaves), but on the whole the designs of the
'putti', the garlands, the small columns for candelabra, and the
doorway evince a clear conception of the Renaissance ideal and an
astonishing liveliness of fancy. The figures are treated with a good
deal of humour, a characteristic which we find frequently recurring
in the paintings and mottoes so freely used in the timber buildings
of Lower Saxony.
The prominent place assigned to Wood Carving in the timber
style of architecture gave a great momentum to the development of
this art, w^hich is alw^ays a natural growth in Alpine and coast dis-
stricts. Shepherds and sailors alike find occupation and amusement
for the idle months of winter in carving objects in w^ood. Among
the numerous wood-carvers thus created by opportunity there must
of course be some whose talents enable them to advance to higher
work than the making of toys and pipes. A stroll through the
Thaulow Museum in Kiel or the Museum of Industrial Art in
Flensburg is enough to show what astonishing results in artistic
cabinet -making can be produced even in a limited district like
Holstein, The finest specimen of what may be called monumental
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. C
xxxiv XORTH GERMAN ART.
wood-carviiig is the Altar of the Passion in the cathedral of Schles-
wig. executed by Ha/is Bruggemann in 1521 after compositions by
Albrecht Diirer.
The art of Working ix Metal, particularh^ in brass, was also
zealously cultivated, and the candelabra, cups, flagons, plates, and
ofrilles of cast or hammered and embossed metal found in the old
Hanseatic towns prove how conspicuous a place was taken by ob-
jects of this kind in the domestic and ecclesiastical interiors of the
period. For the productions of the Gtoldsmith's Art Xorth Grer-
many seems to have looked to Augsburg and Nuremberg, which
were at this time among the most important centres of this art
in Europe.
The most important Paixtixgs were also as a rule imported
from other districts, particularly from the Netherlands, a land con-
nected with North Germany by numerous ties of kinship and inter-
course. It was. it is true, merely a happy accident that brought
Memling's Last Judgement to Danzig^ but the Altar-piece of the
Crucifixion in the Cathedral of Luheckj also from Memling's
studio and dated 1491, seems to have been executed at the express
commission of a Liibeck citizen. This picture, which, however,
is unequal in execution, is one of the most elaborate works of
the early Netherlandish school. North German painting in the
15th and 16th cent, attained an independent development in West-
phalia only, which boasts three important artists in Conrad of
Soest 'ca. 1400, the Meister von Lieshorn ("ca. 1465; the 'German
Era Angelico' 1. and Ludger torn Ring the Elder (1496-1547 1. Lower
Saxony lagged almost wholly behind: JohannRap-Hon of Eimbeck
(d. 1528; chief work at Halberstadt), its one artist of eminence,
was prevented by his isolation from reaching a full maturity. The
Wittenberg School, founded in S. Germany by Lucas Cranach the
Elder «1472-1553> owes its still undiminished popularity more to
its close connection with the champions of the Reformation than to
its intrinsic merits.
In the 17th cent., painting in N. Germany was entirely depen-
dent on the Dutch Schools. Many Dutch painters here found a
cordial reception and ample occupation, while the leading North
German artists studied in Amsterdam. Among the latter may be
mentioned Jiirgen Ovens (1623-78), a native of Tonning in Schles-
wig and pupil of Rembrandt, some of whose altar-pieces are still
preserved in the cathedral of Schleswig, and Chr. Paudiss ('ca.
1618-67 .. another pupil of Rembrandt. We know also that some of
the painters of Hamburg, which began to attain great wealth and
commercial importance in the 17th century, formed themselves
more or less upon the model of the Dutch school; among others
J. Matth. Weyer d. 1690;. battle-painter, and Matthias Scheits
(ca. 1640-1700;, the latter a pupil of Wouverman. Works by
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxxv
Michael Wilhnann (1629-1706) of Konigsberg, a pupil of J. Backer,
are abundant in Silesia. And7\ Stech (d. 1697) is copiously re-
presented in Danzig. The miserable political condition of Germany
in the 16th century will go far to account for the fact that this ad-
miration of the Flemish and Dutch masters excited few attempts to
follow their example by independent production. The industrial
arts, however, were still actively practised, and in their own sphere
afford a complete view of the transition from the Renaissance to
the Baroque style.
The stylistic peculiarities of Baroque Art are not always easily
distinguishable from those of the German Renaissance. The column
in the latter, for example, still preserves its antique capital and as
a rule it is also fluted. It generally stands, however, on a high base,
the middle of which is adorned with a mask. The lowest part of
the shaft is often encircled by a band of reliefs, resembling a metal
ring, and it often assumes a curved or swelling form, especially when
used as the support of a balcony. The piers often consist of 'rustica'
masonry and diminish in width towards the top. Their edges aie
sometimes raised so as to form a kind of frame, the flat surface
within being decorated with branching vines. The keystones of
the arches are often emphasized by a carved head or console. The
sides of the gables do not always meet at the top, but break off short
and leave the intervening space to be filled with a pyramid or some
similar figure. The favourite ornaments are foliage and band-
mouldings, the latter often represented as rolled up or intertwined.
The ornaments constantly recall the work of the metal-founder, the
carpenter, or similar artificers. When we try, however, to deter-
mine the exact difference between the forms of the German Renais-
sance and those of the Baroque style of the 17th century, we
soon find that the two often insensibly merge into each other and
that it is consequently impossible to draw a clear line of demar-
cation. Among the main characteristics of the Baroque style may
be instanced its exaggeration and overloading, its partiality for
flowing and crooked lines, its sharp contrasts, its striving after
effects of light and shade. Similar tendencies, however, are ob-
servable in the 16th century. Columns, for example, supporting gar-
lands of fruit, and curving gables are forms common to both styles.
Perhaps the difference may be placed in a clearer light if we con-
sider that while the germ of the powerful forms of the Baroque
style already existed in the Renaissance period, we still find many
echoes of the Gothic style in the latter, whereas the Baroque style
is entirely based on ancient art.
A new artistic era for North Germany opens towards the end of
the 17th century in the building activity displayed in the capital
of the vigorous and pushing state of Prussia. Berlin now first
wins a place in the history of art. This remarkable and rapid ad-
xxxvi NORTH GERMAN ART.
vance may be linked with the names of two architects, Johann
Arnold Xehring (d. 1695) and Andreas Schiiter (1664-1714), and
of two buildings, Xh^ Arsenal and the Old Palace. A characteristic
feature of the movement was the fact that sculpture advanced ^a?'i
jmssu with architecture, drawing its subjects mainly from the
heroic myths or from idealizations of warfare. The trophies and
the masks of dying warriors at the Arsenal, and the bronze statue
of the Great Elector stand like symbols at the door of Berlin's
artistic development and indicate the direction in which its future
plastic triumphs were to be won. There was an interval of but
a few years between the erection of the palace at Berlin and
that of the Zicinger at Dresden, its only possible rival for the
first place among the architectural creations of the century. No
other building of the period in Germany can be compared with
the works of Schlilter and Poppelmann (1667-1736i. The two
great edifices also resemble each other in the fragmentary exe-
cution of their original designs. In the plans themselves, however,
lay an essential difi'erence. Schliiter's ideal was a magnificent
Roman forum, Poppelmann aimed at the creation of a 'show
palace", in which the pomps and pleasures of a luxurious court
might find an adequate reflection. The impressions produced by
the two buildings are thus markedly unlike. In Schliiter's work
we recognize solid, somewhat heavy 'magnificence; in Poppel-
mann's Zwinger. despite its splendour, the prevailing idea is that
of careless pleasure, a revelation of the delights of the private
life of kings.
The contrast between the artistic tendencies of the two towns
at the beginning of the ISth century goes still farther. In Berlin
monumental sculpture attains a most promising stage; Dresden at
once calls up the idea of Rococo Art and porcelain. Bottger's
discovery not only infused new life into the art of ornamenting
vases and pottery, but for a time, so long as the sculptor Kdndler
modelled at Meissen, seemed to be on the point of entering the
domain of pure art and of being applied to monumental sculpture.
No advance, however, was made on the first attempts. The small
world of the Rococo style found its fitting incorporation in the
charming little figures of Dresden china; with the close of the
Rococo period the art of modelling in porcelain lost its artistic
importance and the real roots of its life.
A single glance at the architectural activity of Berlin and
Dresden is enough to dissipate the current view of the artistic
poverty of the 18th century. In addition to this, however, most of
the German Collections and Galleries were either founded or
greatly extended in the same jDeriod. Even in the 16th century
German princes possessed -Cabinets of Art', in which curiosities
and objects of natural history lay in peaceful union with small ob-
NORTH GERMAN ART. xxxvii
jects of art, paintings (chiefly portraits), and a few plastic works.
In several collections the contents of the cabinets of arts which
formed their nucleus are still distinguishable. At Brunswick a
^Cabinet of Art and Natural History', in the old sense of the term,
was established by Duke Charles I. as late as 1755; and from this,
towards the close of the century, was evolved the Ducal Museum.
Travel and residence in foreign countries, and above all the tempt-
ing example of the kings and 'grands seigneurs' of France awoke
a taste for art in the breasts of G-erman princes also, and led to the
better arrangement of the old collections and to the foundation of
new. Thus Landgrave William VIII. of Hesse laid the foundation
of the Cassel Gallery^ while the collection of Schwerin owe their
extent mainly to Duke Christian Lewis (1747-56). The collections
at Gotha, begun by Duke Ernest the Pious (1640-75), were in-
creased at the beginning of the 18th century by the art-treasures
of Count Anton G-linther of Schwarzburg. The Dessau Collec-
tions originated in a bequest of the Orange family in 1675.
All these collections, and indeed almost all the galleries of
Northern Germany, are rich in Flemish and Dutch paintings of the
17th century, a feature which must be referred to the ancient
kinship of the Netherlandish and North German races and not to
mere external and accidental intercourse. The Di^esden Gallery
alone, mainly the creation of King Augustus III., can boast the
possession both of numerous gems of Netherlandish art and also
of an equally excellent collection of Italian pictures. Berlin, how-
ever, lagged behind in the work of forming large picture-gal-
leries. Frederick the Great's interest was confined mainly to
ancient sculptures and to the creations of the French school. The
fine Museums of Berlin originated in the 19th century, a fact
which accounts for the scientific arrangement by which they are
characterized.
The storms of the Napoleonic period sadly interfered with the
peaceful development of art in Germany. Long after the conclusion
of peace the poverty of the people prevented them from showing any
great practical interest in art. This was the more to be lamented
because the War of Liberation had powerfully excited the national
imagination and because Prussia possessed two men who were
eminently fitted to respond to the patriotic enthusiasm. The works
of /S'c/iz/zW(1781-1841), and still more those of i?m(cA (1777-1857),
of course, show unmistakable traces of the influence, direct or in-
direct, of the ideas that led the nation to victory; but their effect-
iveness would have been immeasurably superior if the economical
condition of the state had enabled them to embody all their plans
in worthy form. It was not till the fifth decade of the century that
prosperity returned in sufficient measure to allow of some thought
being bestowed upon the artistic embellishments of life. The rapid
xxxviii XORTH GERMAX ART.
growth of the cities lias called into being an architectural activity,
compared with which that of past centuries sinks into insignifi-
cance. The most characteristic features of the latest development
of art have been the resuscitation of the artistic handicrafts, the
use of appropriate interior decoration, and the production of taste-
ful furniture and household jrear.
Uaedkkkk's X. (je
rmaiiv
1? Kied,a
1 u n I
I. BERLIN. POTSDAM.
Route Page
. 1. Berlin 1
2. Potsdam and Environs 25
1. Berlin. +
Arrival. A policeman, posted at the egress of each railway-station,
hands the traveller a metal ticket with tlie number of a cab, on his
stating whether he wishes a taximeter cab (vTaxameter-Droschke'), a first-
class cab ('crste Klasse'), or luggage cab ('Gepackdroschke'). Travellers
with luggage should entrust the summoning of the vehicle to a porter,
as it is sometimes difficult, especially in the dark, to find the right cab.
The ticket, however, should not be given up till seats are taken. Porter
25 pf . for ordinary luggage ; 50 pf . or more for luggage above the usual
weight. Cah Fares, see p. 5 (in addition to the fare an extra charge
of 25 pf. is made in each case for the ticket securing the cab). ^Gexmck-
(irosckken^ (see above), with two seats only, are necessary if the luggage
weighs over 240 lbs. ; fares as for taximeter cabs (see p. 5), luggage 50 pf.
per 110 lbs.
Railway Stations. There are five terminus railway-stations at
Berlin, exclusive of the 'Stadtbahn' (see below). 1. Anhalt Statiox
(PI. Gr, 7), for Dresden, Prague, Vienna, Leipzig, Munich, Halle, Thuringia,
and Frankfort on the Main. — 2. Potsdam Station (PI. G-, 6, 7), for
Potsdam, Magdeburg, the Harz, the Lower Rhine, Cassel, Frankfort, Cob-
lenz, Treves, and Metz. — 3. Stettin Station (PI. H, 3, 4), for Ros-
tock (and Copenhagen). Stralsund, Stettin, and Danzig (via Stargard). —
4. GoRLiTz Station (PI. L, 8), for the Spreewald, Cottbus, and Gorlitz. -— -
5. Lehrte Station (PL G, 5), for all trains to Hamburg and slow trains
to Lehrte (Hanover, Bremen, etc.). — The following five stations of the
Stadtbahn (see below) are also used for general traffic: — 1. Silesian
Station (PL L, 6) ; 2. Alexander-Platz Station (PL J, K, 5) ; 3. Friedrich-
Strasse Station (PL H, 5) ; 4. Zoological Garden Station (PL D, 7) ;
5. Ciiarlottenburg Station (PL B, 7). All trains for Breslau, Posen,
Konigsberg, Russia, Cassel, and Frankfort on the Main run from these
stations ; also the express trains of the Lehrte Railway (Hanover, Bremen,
Cologne, London, and Paris).
The Stadtbahn, or city railwav, which is 10 M. long from Westend
(PL A. 5), on the W., to Stralau-Rummelsburg (PL X, 7), on the E., is
primarily intended to relieve the street traffic within Berlin. The sta-
tions have special platforms ('Lokal-Perrons') for intramural and suburban
traffic. Trains run in both directions, at intervals of 2-5 minutes, from
5 a.m. till after midnight. — The management of the traffic resembles
that of the Underground Railway in London. There is no first class.
Fares for any 5 stations 15 and 10 pf., beyond that distance 30 and 20 pf.
Smoking is prohibited in the second-class compartments.
The Elevated & Underground Electric Railway runs through
the S. part of the city, from the WUliehn-Platz (PL B, 5) to the Nollen-
dorf-Platz (PL E, 7) as an underground railway, then as an elevated to
t For a detailed description of Berlin and Potsdam, the traveller is
referred to Baedeker's Handbook for Berlin and its Environs (3rd edit.,
1908).
Baedeker's X. Germany. 15th Edit. 1 2
•2 Boutc 1. BERLIN. Practical
the Warschanci'-Briicke Station (PL M, 7;. Fiuiii tlic triangular ceutral
.iuuction (coiup. PL G. 7, 8) a branch-line runs X. to the underground
Ijlatform at the Leipziger-Platz (PL G, 6). From here the underground
railway has recently been extended to the Spittelmarkt (PL J, 5). Tickets
on the main line. 2nd class 15-35, 3rd class .10-25 pf.: trains every
3-7 minutes.
The Ringbahn is a railway forming a complete 'outer circle' round
Berlin, and is divided into two parts, the 'Xord-Ring' and the 'Siid-Ring',
on which trains run at intervals of 10-20 minutes. Owing to the distance
of the Ringbahn stations from the places they serve, the tourist will
generally find the tramways more convenient. Fares as on the Stadt-
bahn (see p. 1^.
Hotels (comp. Plan. p. 0;. We first mention the largest first-class
hotels, all comfortably arranged, with central heating, electric light, lifts,
baths, and first-class restaurants, and with corresponding charges (R.
from 4. B. li,4-lV2- ^^^h '^^2-^^ I>- 0-6 c^). — *H6tel Adlox (PL a; G, 6),
Unter den Linden 1. in the Pariser-Platz : *Kaiserhof (PL k : H, 6),
Wilhelm-Platz & Zicten-Platz : Hotel Esplanade (PL e: G, 6;, Bellevue-
8tr. 17 : *H6tel Bristol PL b : G, 6). Unter den Linden 5: *Contixextal
Hotel (PL e; H. 5;, Xeustadtisfhe-Kirch-Str. 6. near the Friedrich-Strasse
Station ; *Savoy B[otel (PL s ; H, 5). Friedrich-Str. 103 : *Monopol-H6tel
(PL m; H. 5). Friedrich-Str. 100. opposite the Friedrich-Strasse Station;
*Palast-H6tel PL p : G. 6}, Lcipziger-Platz 18, near the Potsdam Station:
*Gra>-d-H6tel de Rome et du Xoed PL r: Ft. 5). Unter den Linden 39;
*Furste:vhof (PL f : G. 6), Potsdamer-Platz; *Elite Hotel (PL t; H, 5),
Xeustadtische-Kirch-Str. 9, near the Friedrich-Strasse Station : *Ce>-tral
Hotel (PL h ; H. 5;. Friedrich-Str. 143, near the Friedrich-Strasse Station:
*H6tel Excelsior. Koniggratzer-Str. 112. opposite the Anhalt Station
(PL G, 7^.
The following hotels are here arranged according to situation ; the
prices quoted afford some guidance as to their relative standing and im-
portance. Those in or near the Linden are best situated for ordinary
travellers.
Unter den Limlen (PL G, H. 5}. — S. Side: Xo. 17. Hotel AVest-
MiysTER Tl. w: H, 5, 6), R. from 31/2. B. IV4, D. ^i/., J( : Xo. 3, *H6tel
Royal. R. from 4. B. iv^. D. 41/., ^S : Xo. 20. Metropole, R! from 3.
B. l\i Jt : Xo, 32, *CARLTO^- Hotel (PL 0; H. 5), R. from 31/.,, B, v;^,
Ti.oJC. — N. Side : Xo. 46. Hotel Victoria (PL v: H, 5). corner of the
Friedrich-Str.. R. 2-%. B. 1 .M : Xo. 68a. *H6tel Miijerva. R. 31/4-6, B. IV4,
D. 31 . 2 .M.
To the S. of the Linden. — AVilhelm-Str. 44, near the Leipziger-Str..
*Wilhelmshof, R. 21 .,-4. B. 1. D. 2V., .z^. — Behren-Str. : Xo. (U. Hotel
Wi.vdsor; Xo. 45. Hotel Phoenix. R". 21/2-10. B. 1, D. 2i _, ^^. — Jager-
Str. 17, corner of the Friedrich-Str., Schlosser's Hotel. R. from 3,
B. I'^'^JC. — Friedrich-Str.: Xo. 178, corner of Jager-Str., *Kaiser-H6tel
(PL d: H, 6j. R. from 31 .2. B. li 4, D. 21,2-4 JC : Xo. 180, corner of the
Tauben-Str., Xurnberger Hof, R. from 3, B. IV4, D. 2-3 ^^C : Xo. 50, near
the Schiitzen-Str.. Hotel Britannia. R. from 3, B. 1 <.#. — Prinz-Albrecht-
Str. 9, near the Wilhelm- Str.. Prinz Albrecht, R. from 2^1^, B. I1/4.
D. 4 ..)(. — Markgrafen-Str. 55. corner of the Gendarmen-Markt, Hotel
DE France. R. 2-5. B. 1 ^^. — Charlotten-Str. 71, Hotel Brandenburg,
R. 2-51 o, B. 1 .iC.
To the X. of the Linden. Georgen-Str. 21, near the Friedrich-Str.
Station. *Grand-H6tel de Rcssie. R. from 3, B. I1/4, D. 31/0 JC. — Friedrich-
Str. : Xo. 96. Hotel Silesia, R. 2i ^-H/,. B. 1 .^: Xo.''93. Friedrichs-
noF, R. 21/2-6, B. 11 4..^.- Xo. 101, TERinNus Hotel, R. 21/2-6, B. 11/4^^;
Xo. 150. corner of the :Mittel-Str.. Rheiniscker Hof. R. 21/2-5, B. 1 .€
(these four near the Friedrich-Strasse Station). — Dorotheen-Str. : Xo. 22,
BoROTHEENHOF, R. i-io. B. 1 c4^ ; Xo. 81. Prinz Friedrich Karl, R. from
21 2. B. Ic*'. — Mittel-Str. : Xo. 5. Frankfurter Hof 6c Helvetia, R. 2-1 .#-
B. 80 pf. : Xo. 16. Alexandra Hotel. R. from 2'.,. B. V'^.U: Xo. 57,
Koir.'^. BERLIK. i- Route. 3
lu'ar the Fiicdiich-Str., Stadt LokdOxV, R. 2V2-S, 13. 1 t/^; No. 61, Hotki.
Du Pavillon, R. IV2-6 «/*!. — Neuc Wilhelm-Str. 10, Hotel Konigshof,
R. 3-6, B. 1 c^. — Luisen-Str. 30, Hotel Kronprinz. — Am Zirkus 11,
corner of the Schiffbauerdamm, Hotel Moskau.
In the Old Toion, frequented by business-men. Alexander-Str. 46,
Grand-Hotel Alexander-Platz (PI. 1 ; K, 5), R. 2V2-O5 H. 1 e.^. — Heiligo-
j^cist-Str. 17, Hotel de Hambourg, R. 2-1, B. 1 j{>.
Near the Potsdam and Anhalt Stations (PI. G, 7). Fursteniiof and
Palast-Hotel, see p. 2. Potsdamcr-Platz 1, *Grand- Hotel Bellevuk
& TiergartexV Hotel (PI. i ; G, 6), R. 31/4-71/2^ B- IV4, !>• 31/2 ^- — As-
kanischer-Platz 1, Habsburger Hof, R. 3-8, B. Vj^cS. — Links-Str. 37,
Sanssouci, R. from 2, B. 1 c^. — Konig-gratzer-Str. : Hotel Excelsior,
see above: Xo. 21, Askaxischer Hor, R. & B. oVo-S, B. VJ^-ocS; No. 2.S,
Westexd Hotel, R. 21/4-71/0, B. 1, I). 2 JC: No. 25, Deutscher Kaiser,
R. 2-5, B. 1 .^.
Xear the Lehrte Station (PI. F, G, 4, 5), Invaliden-Str. 84, Schwarz's
Hotel. R. 2-5, B. 1 ^€. — Near the Stettin Station (PI. H, 3, 1), Invalidon-
Str. 126, Nordischer Hof, R. 2-5, B. 1 JC.
Hospices, so called, of a religious character, generally well spoken
of. An addition of about 10 per cent of the total amount is made to th(^
bill in lieu of tips. — Hospiz des Westens, Marburger-Str. 4, R. 2V4-6V21
B. 1, D. IV4-2, pens, from o ^. — Hospiz der Berliner Stadtmission.
Mohreu-Str. 27, at the corner of the Gendarmen-Markt, R. 2-5, B. 1,
D. 2-21/2 ^^- — Hospiz am Brandenburger Tor, Koniggratzer-Str. 5. - -
Hospiz im Centrum Berlins, Holzgarten-Str. 10, R. 1^/4-4, B. 3/^, D. 11/2,
pens. 5-8 tS. — Hospiz St. Michael, Wilhelm-Str. 34, near the Anhalt-
Str., R. 21/2-61/2, B. 3/4, D. 2, pens. 6-10 Jl.
H6tels Garnis (breakfast supplied in all ; some also with hot and
cold cuisine). Mohrenhof (PI. G; H, 6), Fricdrich-Str. 66, R. 3-6, B. I1/4 .4.
fair; Pariser Hof, Friedrich-Str. 209, R. 3-7, B. I1/4 JC; Stuttxjarter
Hof, Anhalt-Str. 12, R. from S J{> ; Linden Hotel, Kleine Kirchgasse 2,
R. from 2^i'.2JC, B. 80 pf.; Hotel Bauer, Unter den Linden 26, R. 23/^-6,
B. 1 c^; Beyer's Hotel, Schadow-Str. la, R. 21/2-5, 'B.l JC; Zum Grunen
Baum, Krausen-Str. 56, R. 2-3, B. 3/4 ^^; Kleiner Kaiserhof, Krausen-
Str. 67, R. 21/0-7, B. 3/^ jc.
"Wine Restaurants. — Unter den Linden, S. side: No. 1, '^Hotel
Adlon (p. 2) ; No. 5, "^Hotel Bristol (p. 2) ; No. 32, corner of Chaiiotten-Str.,
^Astoria (Carlton Hotel, p. 2); No. 33, ^Restaurant Royal. N. side:
No. 39, * Hotel de Rome (p. 2); No. 50, ^Bressel; No. 62, *Hiller. — Neu-
stadtische-Kirch-Str. 6, ^Continental Hotel (p. 2). — Behren-Str. 26a,
^Ewest. — Franzosische-Str. 48 , '■^Borcha.rdt. — • Wine Saloon in the
^Kaiserhof (p. 2), entrance from the AVilhelm-Platz. — Potsdamer-Platz,
"^'Hotel Fiirstenhof (p. 2). — Leipziger-Platz 18, "^ Palast-Hotel (p. 2). --
Friedrich-Str.: No. 100, *Monoiwl- Hotel (p. 2); No. 103, ^-Sacoi/ Hotel
(p. 2); No. 143, ^Central Hotel (p. 2). — "^Restmirant at the Zoological
Garden, see p. 23. — All these establisliments are of the first class and
may be visited bv ladies. At most of them one may dine either a la
carte or a prix fixe; dej. (11 to 2) 21/2-3 ^/i^, D. (3 to 8) 5-6 c^. Prices of
wines generally high. The waiters expect a fee of 25-50 pf. from each
person. — The following are somewhat less expensive. Behren-Str. 47,
^Haus Trarbach, D. (1 to 5) 21/0 JC. — Unter den Linden: No. 29, *Hahel,
much frequented for dejeuner ; "No. 56, *Zum TrepjKhen, J). 21/2-3 c^. —
Friedrich-Str.: No. 96, Rheinische Winzersttihen, D. I1/2 ^/C; No. 95, Egge-
hrecht; No. 80, Zum Rildesheirner, D. BJ^; No. 178, * Kaiser-Keller, in the
Kaiser-Hotel (p. 2), D. 21/2 ci^. —Franzosische-Str. 18, *!>. 3Iitscher, Moselle
wines, oysters, I). I1/2-2 t^/6. — Charlotten-Str. 49, near the Geudarmeii-
Markt, *Lutter. — Markgrafen-Str. 48, near the Gendarmen-Markt,
"^Trarbach Nachfolger, Rhenish and Moselle wines, D. 11/2^^. — Jager-
Str.: No. 5, ^Haussmaun, D. IV2 <^? Rhenish cuisine. — Kronen-Str. 21,
JTohn^s Oifster Saloon. — Leipzigor-Str. : No. 25, ^Kempinski (f; Co.,
1,2-
4 noute 1. BERLIN. Practical
oysters and lobsters, popular: Xo. 33. Steinert & Hansen, D. IV2 t.4(;
Xo. 117. tirst floor. ^Traube, popular. — Bellevue-Str. 19, Rheingold,
elaborately fitted up. popular. — Krausen-Str. 41. comer of the Donhoff-
Platz. "^j' E. D. Becker's Sohnc ;?ood claret), D. 11/2^- — Potsdamer-
Str. : Xo. 139. Euth d- Sohn ; Xo. 12, *Fredench (good claret); Xo. 127.
Roland von Berlin. — Werderseher Markt 4. Kilhn, D. IV2 <.^- — Konig-
Str. 4O5 ^3fitscJier ct- Casjyary, Eheuish and Moselle wines.
Beer Restaurants. The following are restaurants where genuine
('echt*' Bavarian litre generally 50. ^ o litre 30 pf .) and Pilsen (Bohemianj
beer: or a good quality of lager [i.e. locally brewed) beer, with meals
a la carte or a prix fixe (1-2 ,#. may be obtained. Most of them may
be visited bv ladies, though smoking is eenerallv permitted.
UxTEB DEX LixDEy: Xo. 13, Stadt Filsen (Pilsen beer), D. IV2 -*?
with garden. — To the S. of the Lixdex : Behren-Str. 24, *Siechcn
(Xuremberg beer). — Friedrich-Str. : Xo. 84. Augustiner-Bran ; Xo. 165,
corner of the Behren-Str.. '^Pschorrhraii; Xo. 172, ^Sedlmayr 'Zum
Spaten': Xo. 176. corner of the Jager-Str.. ^ Weihenstephan , D. I1/4 «^;
Xo. 180. ^Tucher-Brdu (Xuremberg beer). — Franzosische-Str. : Xo. 25.
corner of the Charlotten-Str.. Loiccnbrdu. — Kronen-Str. 55, MoncJishof
(Kulmbach beer> D. 1 -A 10 pf. — Xiederwall-Str. 25, Mfinchner Bilrger-
hrdu. — Leipziger-Str. : Xo. 85. near the Donhoff-Platz, Jlilnchener Eof-
brdu: Xo. 109. Dortraundcr Unionbrdu. D. 1 ■.€. — Krausen-Str. 64, Zum
Klausner (Pilsen beer). — Wilhelm-Str. 92, Architektenhaus. — Belle-
Alliance-Str. 89. Wohlstatt (Xuremberg beer), D. 1 .€.
Outside the Potsdam Gate (PL G. 6). Potsdamer-Platz : *Zum Schidt-
heiss. with terrace. — Koniggratzer-Str. 123 a, Potsdamer Garten. —
Potsdamer-Str. : Xo. 10. "^Alt- Bayern ; Xo. 124. Grosser Kurfurst. —
Schoneberger Ufer 23, by the Potsdamer-Briicke. "^ Weihenstephany with
garden.
To THE X, OF the Lixdex. Mittcl-Str. : Xo. 16, Saalburg ; Xo. 57,
corner of Friedrich-Str. (1st floor). Erzlicanecl:. D. li'4-2i;'>../l(. — Dorotheen-
Str.: >o. 81, "^Topfer: Xo. S^.' Sto.dt Berlin. — *Zit'm Franziskaner,
Georgen-Str. 13, near the Friedrich-Strasse Station of the Stadtbahn, D.
11/0 1^: Terminus, Friedrich-Str. 101 ; *Zum Eeid.elberger, in the Central
Ho'tel.' Friedrich-Str. 143: Schunenw.nn , Luisen-Str. 46; *Printz, Alt-
Moabit 138. near the Ausstellungs-Park.
Ix THE Old Towx: *BatskeUer. in the Rathaus, with wine-room,
D. 11 2-3 ■~^; Zum Prdlaten. in one of the arches of the Stadtbahn, Alex-
auder-Platz.
Is THE TiERGARTEx: Zelt€ (comp. p. 23); *Cha7'lottenhof. near the
Charlotten>iurger Chaussee; Tiergai-tenTiof, near the Tiergarten Station,
all three with gardens.
Automatic RESTAURAyrs in the Friedrich-Str, and other main streets.
— Light luncheons also at Aschinger's Bierquellen. Friedrich-Str. 97, 88,
151. r91. etc.
TectEtariax Eatixg Houses : Friedrich-Str. 151, Kronen-Str, 47, etc.
Caf^s in the Vienna st^'le : Bauer (PI. H. 5), Linden 26, corner of
the Friedrich-Str. : ^Jci^ty. Bellevue-Str. 21, corner of the Potsdamer-Platz :
Kaiserhof. see p. 2 : in tlie '^Jdonopol-Eotel (p. 2) ; Victoria Cafe, Linden 46 ;
Klose, Beichsho.lhn. Leipziger-Str. 19 and 77: Kaiser- Cafe (also con-
fectioner), FriedricTisJiof. Friedrich-Str. 176 and 11 ; Schiller, Markgrafen-
Str. 55 ; in the Fdrstenhof (p. 2; : Bonw.nisches Cafi, Kurfiirstendamm 238 ;
Mandel, Kant-Str. 165, these two near the Emperor William Memorial
Church (p. 24). Luncheons and Vienna or Pilsen beer may be procured at
all these cafes. Cup of coffee 25-30, "melange" (glass of milk, coffee, and
whipped > cream) 40 pf . Baskets with cakes, etc., stand on the tables.
The waiter expects 5-10 pf . per person.
Confectioners (cup of coffee 30, chocolate 40-50. ices 50-60pf.):
^Kranzhr. Linden 25. S. side, corner of the Friedrich-Str.; Schilling.
Fnedri<h-Str. l'09. ronier of ihi Kor-h-Str. : Hillhrich. Leipziger-Str. 24:
Notes.
BERLIN.
1. Route. 5
TeUchow, Potsdamer-Platz 3 ; Gumpert, KOnig-Str. 22 ; Aschinger, Fried-
rich-Str. 79a. — Frequented by ladies only: iialis, Friedrich-Str. 162.
Cabs (Droscliken). Extra charge for drives from a railway-station,
see p. 1. — The 'ordinary' cabs (2nd cl.) are not numerous and are not
recommended to strangers. The following is the tariff of the Taximeter
Cabs, within the limits of the police-district, which comprises also those
parts of Charlottenburg, Schoneberg, and Rixdorff lying within the Ring-
in winter.)
by day
1 or 2 pers.
800 metres
400
600
300
3-5 pers.
at night
1-5 pers.
600 m.
300 ..
400 ..
200 ..
400 m.
200 .,
400 .,
200 .,
bahn. (Night-fares, 12-6 in summer, 12-7
Horse Cabs.
For the minimum fare of 70 pf . hirers
are entitled to drive
For each additional 10 pf
Motor Cabs.
For 70 pf. (electric motor cabs 80 pf.)
For each additional 10 pf
Outside the police-district: horse-cabs, 1-2 pers. by day 600 (3-5 pers.,
at night 1-5 pers., 400) metres for 70 pf., every addit. 300 ^200) metres
10 pf . ; motor-cabs, day or night, 1-5 pers. 400 metres for 70 pf ., every
addit. 200 metres 10 pf. — Waiting: 8 min. 50 pf., each 4 min. more
10 pf., per hr. IV2 «^> motor-cabs 2 (3) JC. — Luggage: 22 lbs. inside the
cab free; 23-55 lbs. 25 pf . ; 55-110 lbs. 50 pf. — Luggage-cabs, see p. 1.
Circular Drives through the town : H. Kdse, starting at 10 a.m.
and 3 p.m. from the Hotel Victoria, Linden 46; Union (motor-cars),
starting at 10 and 3, from Linden 5.
Electric Tramways and Omnibuses traverse the streets in all
directions. — The tramway-cars arc marked with numbers or capital letters,
which correspond with those on our plan at p. 1. The cars pass each
other to the right and are entered or quitted on the iHght side only.
The front platform does not communicate with the interior. The minimum-
fare in all cases is 10 pf., rising by 5 pf. at a time according to the
distance traversed.
Post Offices. The Central Post Office (Hauptpost-Gehaude ; PL J, 5)
is at Spandauer-Str. 19. Enquiries should be made at Heiligegeist-
Str. 24, where also the Poste Restante and Money Order Office are to be
found. Letters for Berlin (5 pf . ; post-cards also 5 pf .) should contain the
district-initial fW., S., C, etc.) in their address. There is also a Pneu-
matic Post ('Rohrpost') for the rapid transmission of letters (30 pf .) and
post-cards (25 pf.) from one part of Berlin to another. — The Parcel Post
Office {Packetpostamt ; PI. H, 5) is at Oranienburger-Str. 70. — Postage-
stamps (Briefmarken) may be purchased from the letter-carriers.
Telegraph Offices. The Central Office (PL H, 6), Oberwall-Str. 4a,
and the offices at the six chief railway-stations are open day and night.
The branch-offices are usually in connection with post-offices. Telegrams
within Berlin cost 3 pf. per' word (minimum 30 pf.), to other parts of
Germany 5 pf . and 50 pf .
HeadPolice Office (Polizel-Prdsidium), Alexander-Platz 5 (PL K, 5).
The Passport Office is at Eingang IV, beside the Stadtbahn. On the
third floor at the same address is the Eimvohne7'-3Ieldeamt, where the
address of any resident in Berlin may be obtained for a fee of 25 pf .
The Lost Property Office is at Eingang II (Alexander-Str.).
Baths. Admiralsgarten-Bad, Friedrich-Str. 102, with swimming
basin (bath 3/^-11/2 JC) ; Augusta-Bad, Kopenicker-Str. 60 (at these Turkish
and vapour baths); Verein der Wasserfreunde , Kdnniggratzer-Str. 19;
Belle- Alliance-Bad, Ofneisenau-Str. 3 ; City-Bad, Dresdener-Str. 52.
Shops. The best are in the Linden, the Leipziger-Str., the Friedrich-
Str., and the vicinity.
Picture Exhibitions. Annual Exhibition (Grosse Berliner Kunst-
ausstellnng), Ausstellungs-Park (p. 22; PL F, 2), daily from the end of
6 Route 1,
BERLIN.
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8 Boi'tf! 1. BERLIN. Practical Notes.
April till Oct. l^t. 10-8 ;after August 1st 10-7;: adm. 50 pf., on Mou.
1 o€. — Exhibition of tlie Berliner Secession. Kurfiirsten-Damm 208.
Charlotttenburg. in summer dailv, 9-T. winter 10-6 ; adm. 1 JC, Sun. 50 pf . —
Kilnstlerhaus. Bellevue-Str. 3 (p'. 20: PL a, 6). daily 10-6 (Sun 11-2), adm.
1 Ji. — Art Dealers and Show Rooms: Ed. Schidte ' Vnter den Linden 75:
Keller d: Beincr, Potsdamer-Str. 122; Paul Cassirer, Viktoria-Str. 31:
Wertheirn. entrance in the Voss-Str. ; Fritz G?/7'/?"ff. Potsdamer-Str. 113!
Concerts {tickets and concert -lists at Bote d- Bock's, Leipziger-
.str. 37\ Among the most famous are those of the Sing-Akademic ;
the Cathedral Choir; Stern's Gesangverein : the Philharmonic Choir;
the Symphony Soirees of the orchestra of the Royal Opera ; and the
Philharmonic Orchestra. — Bands play in several popular resorts, such
as the Zoological Garden (p. 23\ the Exhibition Park (p. 22), the garden
of the Xci'j Opera House (see Ijelow), the beer-gardens outside the city-
gates, etc. See notices on the advertisement-columns.
Theatres. There are about twenty theatres at Berlin (plan may
be consulted in the Berlin 'Adressbuch', or Directory; performances
usually begin at 8 p.m.: Royal Theatre and Deutsches 'Theater at 7.30).
Seats may be procured in advance at the box-offices or at the 'Invaliden-
dank', Unter den Linden 24 (9-4.30; on Sun. 9-10 and 12-2).
RoYAii Opera House (PL H. 5}. for operas and ballets. Average
charges : best boxes 12 ^4C, orchestra boxes 10.. 1st balcony, front boxes,
and parquet 8. proscenium, 2nd balcony and boxes 6, 3rd balcony and
boxes 4, gallery 21/.2 c^ (standing room VJo JC). — Prices are raised for
grand opera.
Royal Theatre {Konigliches Schauspielhaus ; PL H, 6), for classical
and modern dramas. Best boxes 10 JC ; 1st balcony-boxes and orchestra-
fauteuils 8. 1st balcony-fauteuils. parquet-fauteuils.and parquet-boxes 6V-2'
parquet 5^ o- balcony 4, 2nd balcony 21/2. gallery 1 JC.
Xew Opera House {Xeues Opern-Theater ; PL F, 5), formerly KrolVs
Theatre. Admission to the garden (concerts) 50 pf., sometimes 1 JC.
Tickets for the royal theatres may be obtained in advance at the
ticket-offices daily 10.15-1; booking-fee 50 pf. When very popular pieces
are to be performed, a great number of the tickets are purchased by
speculators, from whom they can be obtained only at exorbitant prices.
In such cases the porter of the traveller's hotel will often be found
useful in preventing excessive extortion. — The royal theatres are closed
in July and August.
Germax Theatre [Deutsclies Theater; PL G, 5), for dramas and
comedies. Adm. from 8 t4( 20 pf. downwards. Box-office open 10-1.30. —
LessixCt Theatre TL G-. 5), for modern dramas and comedies. Adm.
from 8 i^ downwards. — Komische Oper (PL H, 5); seats l^j-lO JC. —
Xeues Schauspielhaus, Motz-Str. 80 . for dramas and comedies; adm.
from ^ ^4C 20 pf. downwards. — Hebbel- Theater, Koniggratzer-Str. 57.
adm. from 8 ^4C downwards. — Berlixer Theater (PL H, 7), for dramas
and comedies; adm. from 8 .„* 35 pf. downwards. — Residexz- Theater
(.PL K. 5,, for modern comedies: adm. from 8 ,,^ downwards. — Theater
BES Westexs (PL D. 7). for operas and operettas ; best seats 8 JC 20 pf . —
Schiller- Theater -Ost (PL K, 6), for classical pieces; prices 90 pf.-
2 t^ 70 pf . — Schiller-Theater-Charlottexburg : seats 50 pf .-2 JC- 10 pf .
— Xeues Theater PL H. 5\ modern comedies and dramas : adm. IVo-SVo''^-
— Metropol-Theater PL H. 6, "spectacular pieces with ballet; adm, 2-
10 .A. — Xeues Operettex-Theater, Schiffbauerdajum 25; seats 2i;.2-8 JC.
— LoRTzixc^ Theatre, Belle-Alliancee-Str. 7; Central Theatre, at these
two popular operas and operettas. Luisex-Theater, Reichenberger-Str. 34,
Thalia. Dresdener-Str. 72. at th.-se two popular pieces and farces.
Variety Theatres and Music Halls. Winter garten of the Central
Hotel (p. 2,; Apollo Theatre, Friedrich-Str. 218: Beichshallen- Theater.
Leipziger-Str. 77: Walhalla-TTieater. Weinbergs-Weg 19 ; Passage and
Castan's Panopticum (see p. 9).
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Situation. BERLIN. ■?• Boutc. 9
Circuses. Schumann (PI. G, 5), Busch (PI. J, 5), both iu winter
only. — "Waxworks (with variety performances). Castaii's Panopticum,
at the corner of Behrcn-Str. and Friedrich-Str. ; Passage Panopticum, in
the Kaiser-Galeiic (p. 10); both daily, 9 a.m. to 10 p.m. (adm. 50 pf.).
Popular Resorts. '"Zoological Garden (p. 23), daily, in summer
from 6a.m. to 10.30p.m., in winter from 7 or 7.30a.m. till dusk; adm.
1 t^, Sun., holidays, and evening-s 50 pf., 1st Sun. of each month 25 pf."
(overcrowded) ; band usually in the evening-. — Exhibition Park (Aus-
stellungs-Park), at Moabit (PI. F, 5), concerts daily in summer, during-
the Exhibition ; adm. 50 pf. (Mon. 1 ^^). — Garden-concerts in summer at
the New Ox)era House (p. 8).
Military Reviews ('Paraden'J are held by the Emperor at the
end of May and the beginning of Sept. in the Tempelhofer Fold (p. 21).
Admission to the tribunes (tickets at the luvalidendank) 3-10 J6. Carriages
require a permission from the Polizei-Prasidium (p. 5). — Guard Mounting
at the Konigswache (p. 11) daily at 12.15 p.m. ; duriug the manoeuvres at
2.45 p.m.
Chief Sights (comp. table on pp. 6, 7) when time is limited: Walk
through the liinden from the Brandenburg- Gate, past the Monument of
Frederick the Great; cross the Schloss-Brllcke to the Cathedral and the
Royal Palace ; see monuments of Frederick William III. (p. 12), Wil-
liam I. (p. 13), and the Great Elector (p. 13); Gendarmen-Markt, with the
Theatre (p. 18); Leipziger-Str. (p. 19); Wilhelm-Strasse (p. 19); Tiergarten
(p. 22), Sieges-Allee (p. 22), Konigs-Platz, with the Eeichstag Building
(pp. 21, 22); Emperor Frederick Museum (p. 15); the Old and New Museums
(pp. 13, 14); the National Gallery (p. 14); the Arsenal (p. 11); Industrial
Museum (p. 20); HohenzoUern Museum (p. 17); Ethnographical Museum
(p. 20); Mausoleum at Charlottenburg (p. 24). A day should be devoted
to Potsdam.
IBmbassies and Consulates. British Ambassador, Rt. Hon. Sir
William E. Goschen, Wilhelm-Str. 70 (office-hours 11-1); Consul-General,
Dr. Paul von Schicabach, Behren-Str. 63 (10-12 and 4-5). — American Am-
bassador, Dr. David J. Hill, Unter den Linden 68 (10-1); Consul-General,
3rr. Alexander 31. Thackara, Friedrich-Str. 59 (10-3).
English Church (St. George's) in the garden of Moubijou (PL H, 5 ;
p. 17); services at 9 and 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. Chaplain, Rev. J. H. Fry,
31. A., Savigny-Platz 7, Cliarlottenburg. — American Church, Motz-
Str. 6. near the XoUendorf-Platz (PL E, 7); services at 11.30 a.m. Pastor,
Rcc. Dr. L. H. 3IurUn. Bavreuther-Str. 39.
Berlin (110-160 ft. above the sea-level), the capital of Prussia,
residence of the Grermaii Emperor, and seat of the imperial govern-
ment, as well as of the highest Prussian authorities, contains, with
its immediate suburbs, about 3,000,000 inhab., including the gar-
rison of 23,000 soldiers, and thus occupies the third place among
the cities of Europe. Situated in the midst of an extensive plain
on the navigable Spree, it is at the same time an important centre
of the railway-system of Grermaiiy, one of the foremost seats of
commerce in the country, and perhaps the greatest manufacturing
town in continental Europe. The boundaries of the city enclose an
area of about 25 sq. M. The buildings have filled up the whole of
the Spree valley, which here averages about 3 M. in breadth, and
are beginning to encroach on the surrounding plain, raised some
30 or 40 ft. higher.
l(j K'jt'.tc 1. BERLIX. Untcr chn Linden.
The handsomest and bn^iest part of Berlin, which likewise com-
prises the most interesting historical associations, is the long line of
streets extending from the Brandenburg Grate to the Royal Palace,
consisting of *Uiiter den Linden (PL Gr, H, 5), the Platz am
Opernhaus, and the Platz am Zenghans. The Linden, a street
198 ft. in width and about - 3 M. in length from the Brandenburg
Gate to the Monument of Frederick the Great, derives its name
from the avenues of lime-trees (interspersed with chestnuts) with
which it is planted. It is to Berlin what Piccadilly to London,
the corner of the Friedrich-Strasse being its most animated point.
The "Brandenburg Gate f'Pl. G, 5, 6}, at the AV. end of the
Linden, forms the entrance to the town from the Tiergarten. It
was erected in 1789-93 by K. G. Langhans in imitation of the
Propylfea at Athens, and has five different passages, separated by
massive Doric columns. It is surmounted by a Qaadr iga of Victor y^
in copper, by Schadow, and flanked by handsome open Colonnades
for foot-passengers (monuments outside the gate, see p. 22). — Be-
tween the gate and the beginning of the Linden lies the Pariser-
Platz. Xo. 5. on the X. side, is the palace of the French Embassy.
U^TER DEN LixDEx, Xo. 1 (S. sidc), Is the Hotel Adlon (p. 2),
built in 1905-1907. On the right, beyond it, diverges the hand-
some ^ilhelm-Strasse (p. 19 1. Xo. 4, farther on, is the residence
of the Minister of Beligion and Education : Xo. 7 is the palace
of Xht JRussian Embassy. Xo. 73. on the opposite side, is occupied
by the Minister of the Interior.
Farther along the S. side of the Linden follows (Xos. 22, 23\
near the Friedrich-Str., the Passage, or Kaiser-Galerie (PL H,
5. 6;, an arcade with shops, the Panopticum -see p. 9), a cafe, etc.,
which leads to the corner of the Friedrich-Strasse and the Behren-
Strasse. — Between the Friedrich-Str. and the Charlotten-Str. is
the Cafe Bauer (Xo. 26: p. 4;.
At the E. end of the Linden rises the *Statue of Frederick
the Great PL H. 5), in bronze, an impressive and masterly work
by Raucli. erected in 1851 (44 ft. in height). The pedestal is em-
bellished with allegorical figures, scenes from Frederick's life, and
figures of his contemporaries and officers. To the right of the mon-
ument is the Palace of the Emperor Williani I. (PL H, 5, 6;
adm., see p. 7), erected by K. F. Langhans in 1834-36, and now
occupied by Prince Henry. The apartments of tlie Emperor and
the Empress Augusta are preserved imchanged.
Opposite the palace, in the so-called 'Academy Quarter', is the
Royal Library (V\. H. 5; adm., see p. 6), erected in the rococo
style from designs by Ihne and completed in 1909. It contains
also the University Library and the Academy of Science (found-
ed in 1700 by Frederick I. .
Arsenal. BERLIN. i- ^^^<^^- 11.
The University Buildings (PI. H, 5), formerly the palace of
Prince Henry, brother of Frederick II., erected in 1748-66, and
fitted up in 1809 for the then recently-founded university, were
remodelled in the interior in 1891. The university is attended by
ca. 8200 students and 1450 'hearers'. — The garden in front is
adorned with statues of Helmholtz (d. 1894), the physicist, by
Ilcrter, of TreitscMe (d. 1896), the historian, by Siemering, and
of William (d. 1835) ^n(\. Alexandei^ von Humboldt (d. 1859), the
former by Paul Otto, the latter by R. Begas. In the chestnut grove
behind the University is a bronze statue, by Hartzer, of Mitscherlich
(d. 1863), the chemist.
The Old Bo7jal Lihrary (PL H, 5, 6), behind the Palace of
Emp. William I., erected in 1775-80 and facing the Opern-Platz,
is one of the most effective rococo structures in Berlin, though
sometimes likened to a chest of drawers. The motto below the cor-
nice, 'nutrimentum spiritiis', was selected by Frederick the Grreat.
Opposite the Library is the Opera House (PL H, 5), erected
hy Knohelsdoi^ff in 1741-43, and restored by K. F. Langkans after
a fire in 1843. The interior was remodelled in 1895. The tympanum
contains an admirable * Group in Zinc, by Rietschel: in the centre
the muse of music; on the right the tragic and comic muses; on the
left a dancing group with the Three Graces. Performances, see p. 8.
Between the Library and the Opera House stands a marble mon-
ument, by Schaper, to the Empress Augusta., unveiled in 1895. —
In the background is the Roman Catholic Church of St. Hedtvig
(PL H, 6), a simplified imitation of the Pantheon at Rome, erected
by Frederick the Great in 1747-73, and improved in 1886-87.
The square before the Opera House is embellished by five
*Statues by Ranch, viz. those otBlUcher (d. 1819), Yorck(d. 1830),
Gneisenait (d. 1831), Buloiv (d. 1816), and Scharnhorst (d. 1813).
The pedestals are adorned vdth reliefs referring to the wars of
1813-15. — The Royal Guard House (Kdnigsivache ; PL H, 5),
built by Schinkel in 1816-18, is adjoined by three large cannon, the
central one of which was brought from Fort Mont Yalerien at Paris
in 1871 and has been christened 'Valeria'. At the back of the guard-
house are the Ministry of Finance and the Singing Academy.
To the E. of the guard-house, fronting to the S., is the *Arsenal
{Zeughaus; PL H, 5), one of the best buildings in Berlin, begun by
Neynng in 1694 and carried to completion by GrUnherg, Schluter
(1698-99), and De Bodt (1706). It is a square structure, each side
of which is 295 ft. in length, enclosing a quadrangle 125 ft. square.
Above the principal portal is a medallion-portrait of Frederick I.,
in whose reign the building was erected. The exterior is richly
adorned with sculptures by Schlilter^ among which the *Heads of
Expiring Warriors on the keystones of the window-arches in the
court are especially remarkable for the vigour of their expression.
1-2 Bovtp 1. RERLiy. Cathrfh'oL
lu 1877-80 the interior underwent a tliorougli alteration nndcr the
superintendence of Hitzig, and it was re-oi)ened as d Military Mu-
seum and Hall of Fame of the Prussia rf Army. The Hall of Fame
is embellished with mural paintings bj- G-eselschap, Camphausen,
Bleibtren, and A. von Werner, etc., and with sculptures by Schaper,
Encke, and other modern artists I'adm., see p. 6).
On the S. side of the Zeughaus-Platz is the Palace of the
Cro-wn Pinnce 'PL H. 5 u which is connected with the so-called
Palace of the Princesses by an arch over the Oberwall-Strasse. It
owes its present form to the alterations made by Strack in 1857 on
an earlier palace. From 1858 to 1888 it was the winter residence
of the Crown Prince Frederick AVilliam (Emp. Frederick III.).
The last house on this side is the Residence of the Command-
ant of Berlin^ which is adjoined by the Schinkel-Platz, on the W.
branch of the Spree. In the square are bronze statues of *SchinJ:el
(d. 1841\ by Drake, Thaer (d. 1828., by Ranch, and Beuth (d. 1853 1,
by Eiss; and on its. S. side rises the o\(\. Academy of Architecture
(Bau-AkademieX built by Schinkel in 1832-35, now occupied by
the Royal Photogrammetric Institute and the Royal Meteorological
Institute.
In a straight line with the E. prolongation of the Linden, and
spanning the Spree, is the *SchIoss-Brucke (palace-bridge;
PL J, 5), 106 ft. in width, constructed in 1822-24 from designs by
Schinkel. It is adorned with eiglit groups in marble, over lifesizo,
illustrative of the life of a warrior.
Beyond the bridge extends the Lustgartex <PL J, 5 1. originally
a garden belonging to the palace'. It is now planted with trees and
is bounded by the Cathedral (E.), the Royal Palace (S.) and the Old
Museum "X. : p. 13\ In the centre rises the equestrian Statue of
Frederick William III., by J. Wolff, inaugurated in 1871. The
pedestal is adorned with allegorical figures of Clio, Borussia, etc.
Beyond the statue, in front of the steps of the Old Museum, is a
huge Granite Basin, hewn out of a solid erratic block.
The ^Cathedral (Dom: PL J, 5; open on week-days, 10-6 1,
a huge structure in the Italian Renaissance style, built in 1894-
1905 by Julias and Otto Paschdorff. not only dominates the Lust-
garten and its environs, but with its lofty dome forms the distin-
guishing feature of any general view of Berlin.
The edifice, 3J.4 ft. in length. 246 ft. in breadth, and 374 ft. in height,
is tripartite in the interior. The Church Proper, entered hy the lofty
main entrance, is sitnated beneath the dome, which is 102 ft. in diameter.
There are special galleries for the court, the ministry', and the organ and
choir. — On the S. the church is adjoined by a Weddixg akd Baptismal
Chapel. On the X. is a Memorial Chapel, whence a staircase descends
to the HohenzoUeni Burial Vault, to which the existing coffins (87 in
number) of members of the reigning family have been transferred.
The E. branch of the Spree, behind the cathndral. is spanned
bv the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Brilcke.
Boyal Palace, BERLIN. ^. J^oute. 13
The *Royal Palace {Schloss; PL Jj 5) is in the form of a
rectangle 650 ft. in length and 380 ft. in depth, enclosing two large
courts. It rises in fonr stories to the height of 98 ft., while the
dome above it is 232 ft. high.
The original building, a castle erected by Elector Frederick II. in
1413-51, has been extensively altered and added to, notably in 1098-1710
by Schliltcr and others, under King Frederick I.
The two principal tacades are both by SckJutcr, but the best example
of his work is seen in the *Inner Court, which is surrounded with arcades
on three sides. Eosancfer von Goethe, Scliliitcr's successor, is responsible
for tlie architecture of the outer court and for the W. fagade, with its portal
in imitation of the triumphal arch of Septimius Severus. The spacious
chapel in the W. wing, with its vast dome, was constructed in 1845-52,
and a new period of building activity began under William II., wlio made
the palace once more the actual residence of the reigning sovereign. —
The rooms occupied by the imperial family are on the first floor over-
looking the Schloss-Platz. A purple banner, on the X. side, indicates the
Emperor's presence. — At Portal IV are the Horse Tamers, two largo
groups in bronze, by Baron Clodt of St. Petersburg, presented by Emp.
Nicholas in 1811. The outer court is adorned witli 8t. George and the
dragon, a group in bronze by Kiss.
*Interior. Admission, see p. 7. Yisitors enter from the Lustgarten
by Portal IV, receive their tickets in the inner court , on the ground-
floor to the left, and are conducted through the state rooms in parties
every half-hour. Umbrellas and sticks are given up. As a general rule
only the state apartments on the second floor overlooking the Lustgarten
are shown. Among the finest of these 'ayq, WiQ^Rote Drap d'Or Kammer
and the ^Ritter-Saal, both with fine rococo decorations by Schliiter (in
the latter is a handsome sideboard, with gold and silver plate) ; the
Schicarze Adler Kammer; the Rote Sanit Kammer; the former Chapel,
now the Chapter Room of the Order of the Black Eagle; the Picture
Gallery, 197 ft. in length, used as a banquet-hall; the ^-Weisse Saal,
w4th its gallery; and the '^Palace Cho.pel. The walls of the apartments
are hung with paintings by Camphauscn, Werner, Menzel, and others.
Opposite the W. side of the Schloss stands the ^National Mon-
ument to Emp. William I,, an imposing work by B. Begas
(1897), representing the emperor on a horse led by the genius of
Peace. At the four corners of the base are Victories, and on the
two principal sides are reliefs of War and Peace. The monument is
enclosed on three sides by a colonnade, tniding in corner-pavilions
which bear colossal bronze '^ Quaclrigm,
In the Schloss-Platz, to the S. of the Palace, is the Schloss-
Brannen, a monumental fountain by E. Begas (1891), bearing a
figure of Neptune, surrounded by the Khine, Oder, Elbe, and Vistula.
— On the S. side of the Schloss-Platz are the Royal Stables (PI. J,
5, 6), a handsome edifice by Ihne^ completed in 1900 (adm., see
p. 7). — The adjacent Kurfilrsten-Brilcke (Bridge of the Elector;
PI. J, 5), which leads to the Konig-Str. (p. 17), is adorned with
Schlilter^s equestrian *Statue of the Great Elector (d. 1688),
erected in 1703. This clever and artistic group is one of the few
really good works of a period when art was generally in a very
debased condition.
The **01d Museum (PI. J, 5; adm., see p. 7), with an Ionic
14 Boute 1. BERIJX. ^eic Mtmum.
portico of eighteen columus approached by a broad flight of steps,
was erected by Schinkel in 1824-28. The central part of the struc-
ture, rising above the rotunda in the interior, is adorned at the
comers with colossal groups in bronze: in front, the Horse Tamers
of the Piazza del Quirinale at Rome, copies by Tieck: at the back,
Pegasus refreshed by the Hora?, by ScJuevelbein and Hagen. The
steps are flanked by two large groups in bronze: right, *Amazon on
horseback, defending herself against a tiger, by Kiss; left, Fight
with a lion, by A. Wolff.
On the First Floor is the *Gallery of Antiquities, with Greek
and Roman sculptures. — On the Secoxd Floor is the *Antiquariuin,
a collection of small antique works of both ornamental and industrial
art. Amojig the most notable are the Hildesheim Silver Treasure (Roman
plate of thetime of Augustus), Antique Helmets, Bronze Figures, Archaic
Yases. Greek and Italian Terracottas, and objects from Pergamon, Priene,
and Bosco Reale.
The *New Museum PI. H, J, 5), behind the Old Museum, was
erected by Staler in the Pienaissance style in 1843-55. The exterior
of this edifice is comparatively insignificant, its chief attraction
consisting in the rich and artistic internal decorations. — The main
entrance is on the E. side, opposite the Xational G-allery, but visit-
ors usually approach by the comiecting passage from the Old Mu-
seum. Admission, see p. 7.
On the First Floor is the very extensive and valuable Collection of
Casts. Among these are the casts of the sculptures discovered at Olympia
in 1876-81. — The Grouxd Floor is occupied by the important Egyptian
Museum. — On the Szco^fD Floor is the Cabinet of Engravings,
(SOO.CKIK) i)lates;. including the Diirer Collection. Botticelli's illustrations
to Dante, and engravings by Rembrandt. — The spacious Staircase is
embellished with six magnificent wall-paintings by W. von Kaulbaxh, repre-
senting important epochs in the history of mankind.
The portico on the E. side of the Xew Museum accommodates
for the present (until the completion of the new Pergamon Museum)
the ^"Frieze of the great altar on the Acropolis of Pergamon (ca.
180 B.C.). Admission by application to the inspector in the Xew
Museum, first floor. Room XII. This valuable work of art, the
largest extant monument of Greek sculpture, represents the contest
of the gods and giants (jigantomachia;, and rivals in importance
the Parthenon sculptures in the British Museum.
A building to the X. of the New Museum contains the Collection
of Antiquities from Western Asia.
To the E. of the Xew Museum, in the centre of a square sur-
rounded with Doric colonnades and embellished with statues, flower-
beds, and a fountain, rises the ^National Gallery PL H. J, 5 >, de-
signed by Stiller in accordance with a plan of Frederick William IV.,
and built by Strack in 1866-76. The building is in the form of a
Corinthian temple, elevated on a basement 39 ft. in height. At the
8. end is a portico of eight columns, and at the X. a semicircular
apse. At the top of the imposing flight of steps in front of the S.
Frederick Museum. BERLIN. J- Route. 15
f'agade is an Equestrian Statue of Frederick William IV. ^ by
Calandrelli (1886). The entrance is under the flight of steps.
The collection in the National Gallery now contains over 1100 paintings
and cartoons, 233 sculptures, and 30,000 drawings and water-colours ; all
by modern, chiefly German, masters. The names of the artist and the
subject are given on each work. Catalogue, I'/dt^; larger edition, with
illustrations, 21/2 «.^. Admission, see p. 7.
Beyond the Stadtbahn, at the N.W. end of the so-called ^Mu-
seum Island', is the *Eniperor Frederick Museum (PI. H, 5),
built by Ihne in the Italian baroque style in 1898-1903, and opened
in 1904. The N.W. corner, with the main entrance, is rounded off
into a semicircle, and surmounted by the main dome. Opposite the
entrance is an equestrian Statue of the Emperor Fi-ederich III.,
by JVIaison. The museum contains sculptures of the Christian epoch,
a picture-gallery, and a cabinet of coins. Admission, see p. 6.
Official Guide, 50 pf.
G-round Floor. From the Principal Staircase, in the middle of
which is a bronze cast of the Statue of the Great Elector (see p. 13),
we pass through a corridor to the Basilica, which contains a series of
large altar-pieces by Fra Bartolomeo , Francia, Andrea della Robbia,
L. Vivarml, Paris Boi'done, and others. — To the left of the Small
Staircase are Rooms 11 & 12, in which has been erected the Facade of the
Palace of 3rshatta (Asia Minor; 4-6th cent. A.D.). — On the left, in
Rooms 9 & 10, are works of Persian and Arabian Art (carpets, etc.). —
Rooms 4-8 contain Coptic, Byzantine, Ea7'ly- Christian, and Early Italian
Works of Art. (On the end-wall of Room 7 is 2^ Mosaic from the Church
of San Michele in Affricisco at Ravenna, dating from 545 A.D.). — From
Room 4 we cross the Basilica to reach Rooms 17-26. Rooms 23 & 24
contain German Sculptures of the Romanesque and Gothic Periods, and
Early-German Paintings. Room 20: German Renaissance Sculptures and
Carvings. Room 21 : German Sculptures of the Renaissance, Baroque, and
Rococo Periods. Farther on is the section of coloured Italian Sculptures,
with works hy Donatello and Luca della Robbia (Room 25), and Verrocchio
(Room 22). — Rooms 15 & 16: Coins and Medals.
Returning to the Entrance Hall, we ascend the stairs or take the
lift (10 pf .) to the Upper Floor, which contains the *Picture Gallery.
On the left are the German, Netherlandish, French, and Spanish schools ;
on the right, the Italian school, and Italian sculptures in marble and
bronze. In these rooms the old doors (chiefly from Genoa, Venice, and
Florence), mantelpieces, furniture, and altars should be noticed. — On
the left. Room 73 (Wesendonk Collection): 10. Moretto, Madonna; 243.
Reynolds, Portrait of a lady. — Cabinet 72: *512-523. Hubert and Jan
van Eyck, Twelve Panels from the x\ltar-piece of the Lamb (finished
in 1432), the masterpiece of the early -Flemish school. — Cabinet 70.
Dierick Bouts, 553. Elijah in the desert, 539. Feast of the Passover;
523a, 525 d, *525a. Jan van Eyck, Portraits; 538a. Master of Flemalle,
Crucifixion; 1617. Jean Foitquet, Esticnne Chevalier, with his patron
St. Stephen. — Cabinet 68 and Room 69. Netherlandish Masters of the
15-16th centuries: 535. Roger van der Weyden, Winged altar-piece:
561. Quijiteyi Matsys, Madonna and Child; *1622a. Hugo van der Goes,
Nativity. — Cabinet 67. Diirer , *557e. Portrait of Hieronymus Holz-
schuher, senator of Nuremberg, *557g. Portrait of a young woman,
557 f. Madonna with the siskin, 557 d. Portrait of Senator Muffel of Nurem-
berg; 638b. Altdorfer, Rest on the Flight into Egypt; Hans Holbein the
Younger, *586. Portrait of Jorg Gisze, 586 d. Portrait of an old man;
583. Christoph Amberger, Sebastian Miinster, the geographer; 564a.
L. Cranach tlie Elder, Rest on the Flight into Egypt. — Cabinet 65. To
16 Iktutr- 1. DERLIX. FredrrkV Mi'^irvm.
the right. 1629. Miclwcl Schongaucr, Xatkity. — Room 66: Works
by Lucas Cranach. — Cabinet 62. Rnhens , 763. Boy with a bird, 785.
Perseus delivering Andromeda. 762a. Portrait of Isabella Brant, his first
wife. — Cabinet 59. Fran^ Hals, 800. 801. Portraits of a young man and
a young woman, 801c. Hille Bobbe (the sailors" Venus), 801 g. Xurse and
child: 791. Terhv.rg. Paternal admonition. — Cabinet 58: 750. Thomas'
de Keyser, Family-portraits. — Cabinet 57. Bembrandt, *811a. Rem-
brandt's brother, *828f. Vision of Daniel, 812. Saskia (the painter's first
wife), *828e. Susannah at the Bath, *8281. Pastor Anslo and an aged
woman, 828 h. Joseph and Potiphar's wife, 828b. Hendrickje Stoffels at
a window. — Cabinet 56. To the left, *885g. J. van RuysdaeL Oak-
forest: 861b. A. Cvyp. Cows at the river; *922c. A. van de Velde, Farm ;
795. Jan Steen. Tavern-garden. — Cabinet 53: 819c. X. JIaes, Old woman
peeling apples: J. van dcr Jleer of Delft . 912 c. Cavalier and girl drinking
wine. 912b. Girl with^a necklace of beads; 820b. P. de Hoocli, Mother
and child: 885 e. J. van JRuysdaeh Dunes near Overveen; 922b. A. van
de Velde, River-scene ; 791 g. Terhurg, Lady playing the violoncello ; 795 d.
Jan Steen. Christening. — TTe return through the corridor and enter
Cabinet 55 (to the right), which contains small Dutch pictures. —
Room 52: 826a. Ph. Konincl\ Large landscape: Rembrandt, 812a. Cap-
ture of Samson, 802. Samson threatening his wife's father; 842a. A. van
der Neer. Moonlight landscape ; 881. J. van Ruysdael, Stormy sea. —
Room 51: 533 a. D. Bouts, Christ at the house of Simon. — Room 61:
14. A. van Dyck, Portrait of a lady: 37. J. van Ruysdael, Torrent;
Rembrandt . 32. Scourging of Chi-ist, 33. Portrait of himself. — Room 63.
Rubens. 762b. Conversion of St. Paul, 776a. Xeptune and Amphitrite,
781. St. Cecilia, 762c. Diana and n^.Tuphs surprised by satyrs; A.vajiDyck,
782b, 782c. Portraits. 778. Pieta. — To maintain the historical sequence,
we now return through Rooms 62-73 to the landing of the staircase and
enter —
Room 29 (to the right) : Earlv-Italian Schools. — Cabinet 30 : Florentine
School of the 16th century. — Cabinet 31: *Works by the Delia Robbia
family. — Cabinet 32: *Works hy Don a.tello, Deshderio, and Verrocchio:
*60a. Fra Angelico, Last Judgment; 69. Fra Filippo Lippi, Madonna
adoring the Child. — Cabinet 33: Italian Plaquettes. — Room 36: ^Italian
Bronze and Marble Sculptures; in the middle. 233. Donatello, John the
Baptist. — Room 37. To the right. SignorelU, 79a. Pan with shepherds
and nymphs. 79c. Portrait: 1170. Marco Zoppo. Madonna and saints. —
Room' 38. Botticelli, 106. Madonna enthroned. 1128. St. Sebastian, *102a.
Madonna and angelic musicians; 96. Filippino Lippi. Crucifixion; 73.
P. Pollaiuolo, Annunciation. — Room 64. Xine pieces of tapestry executed
in Brussels, from the well-known cartoons of Raphael, now in' the South
Kensington Museum. — TTe return through Room 37 and enter Room 34
(left: 111. Turn. Madonna. — Cabinet 39. James Simon Collection:
2. A. Bronzino, Portrait; 5. Jlantegna. Madonna. — Cabinet 40: Florentine
Marble Sculptures of the 15th century. — Cabinet 42: 61. Fr. LauraJio,
Bust of a Xeapolitau princess; G. Bellini, 28. Pieta. 1177a. Resurrection ;
'20. Pseudo-Basaiti. Altar-piece, in four sections. — Cabinet 43 : 12 a.
Giorgione. Young man ; *259 b. Seb. del Piombo, Portrait of a young Roman
woman: 320. L. Loffo, Portraits of youths. — Room 44: 38.' i. Vivarini,
Madonna enthi'oned; 15. Cimada Conegliano, St. Mark healing the cobbler;
*1156a. C. Crivelli. Madonna enthroned. — Room 41: 44b. B. Montagnei,
Christ appearing to Mary Magdalen. — Room 45: to the left, 90b. Leo-
nardo da Vinci, Risen 'Christ ; 246. A. del Sario, Madonna enthroned ;
on the end-wall, 209. JlicJia el Angel o, Statuette of the vouthful John
the Baptist; 338a. Bronzino, Portrait; Raphael, *248. 'Madonna della
Casa Colonna', 145. Madonna and Child with St. Jerome and St. Fi'ancis,
*247a. 'Madonna del Duca di Terranuova"; *218. Correggio, Leda. —
Room 46: 153. L. Lotto. Portrait: 197. Moretto. Adoration of the Virgin
and St. Elizabeth; Titian, *160'a. Portrait of a girl, 163. Portrait of
himself. 166. Portrait of his daughter Lavinia. — Room 47: il3a. Italian
ChalPOv of Monhijov. BERTiTN. 1 . Route, 17
Master (formerly ascribed to Yolazqucz), xVIessaiulro del liorro ; 151) b.
TiepoUt, Martyrdom of St. Agatha; 372a. Agostino Caracci, Portrait of
a woman. - Cabinet 18 : Frescoes by Tiepolo, from a villa near Treviso. —
Room 49: *111. 3hfHUo, St. Anthony of Padna with the Holy Child ; *413e.
Velazqnez, Portrait of a Spanish lady; 405b. Bibera, St. Sebastian. —
Room 50: 478a. N. Ponssin, View of the Acqna Acetosa near Rome;
Waftea9f , 474 a. Al fresco breakfast, 474 b. Open-air party; 405. Mignard,
Maria Mancini; 189. Pesne, Frederick the Great as crown-prince; 1620.
G.Dughct (surnamed Po/<mw), Roman mountain-landscape; 1038. Gains-
borough, John Wilkinson; 191c. Choc/oiciccki, Dr. Hcrz.
To tlic E. of the Fricdricli-Strasse Station, at Georgen-Str. 34,
is the Ocean ographical Museum (PI. H, 5). Adrn., see p. 7;
illustrated guide 50 pf.
Opposite the Museuiii, on the other side of the Spree, rises the
imposing Borse^ or Exchange (PL J, 5), erected in 1859-64 by
Hitzig^ Avith a double colonnade and sculptures by R. Begas (ad-
mission, see p. 6). — To the X. of the Exchange are the Mon-
bijou-Platz, which is adorned with a marble bust of A. von Cha-
misso^ and the royal Chateau of Monbijou (PL H, 5), erected
in 1706 and afterwards enlarged. In the Monbijou garden is the
tasteful little English Church (St. George's)^ erected in 1884-85
from the designs of Kaschdorff (services, see p. 9). The Monbijou
Palace contains the *Hohe\zollerx Museum, a collection of personal
reminiscences of the Prussian rulers from the time of the Grreat
Elector down to the present day. It affords a good survey of the
progress of industrial art in the last two centuries (adm., see
p. 6). — To the N.W., in the Oranienburger-Str., rises the New
Synagogue (PL H, 4), built in 1859-66. Visitors are admitted
daily, except on Sat. and festivals.
In the Luisen-Str. is the Char He (PI. CI, 4), a large hospital
founded in 1710, which serves also as a teaching institution in
connection with the University. — In the Invaliden-Str. are the
Agricultural Museum^ the '^Museum of Natural History j and
the School of Mines, with a Museum of Mining (see pp. 6, 7).
Farther to the W. are the G naden - Kirche (1895) and the new
building (in construction) of the Kaiser Wilhelm Academy (PL
Gr, 4), founded in 1795 for the training of army doctors and
transferred to this site in 1909. This stands in the grounds of the
Livalidenhaus^ built by Frederick the Great, near which is the
Warrio7^s^ Momnnent^ commemorating those who fell in 1848-9.
Berlin Old Town contains a number of other noteworthy build-
ings. In the Konig-Strasse (p. 13) are the Central Post Office (PL
J, 5; comp. p. 5) and the *Rathaus (PL J, 5), or Toivn Hall, an
imposing brick edifice with a tower 243 ft. in height, built in
1861-69 from the plans of WClsemann. The decorations of the
interior repay a visit (adm., see p. 7). — The Church of St. Nicho-
las, a little to the S.W., is the oldest church in Berlin. — The
jS I^ot'.tc 1. BEELIX. FriediHch-Sfrassr.
Kloster - Kirche ;P1. K, d) is one of the finest and best-preserved
mediseval buildings in Berlin. At Xo. 36 Kloster-Str. (Pi. J, 5) is
the interesting *Maseum of German National Costumes and
Domestic Industries, founded in 1889 (adm., see p. 6).
At the E. end of the Konig-Strasse is the Alexander-Platz
'Tl. K. 5 1, in which stands a colossal copper figure of Berolina by
Hundrieser (1895l To the right are the Folice Headquarters : to
the left the Ahxander-Phdz Station, near which is the Central
Market. — The Kaiser-AVilhelm-Str. leads hence back to theKaiser-
AVilhelm-Briicke and the Lustgarten (p. 12). In the Neue Markt
(PL J, 5), passed by this street, are the Lidher Monument . by
P. Otto andR. Toberentz. and the Marien-Kirohe, iTstored in 1894.
To the S. of the Linden begins the Friedrich-Stadt, the most
regularly built quarter of Berlin. The most important streets in-
tersecting it from X. to S. are the Fried rich-Strasse , the Wil-
helm-Strasse to the ^. Tp. 19 1. and the Charlotten-Strasse and
Markgrafen-Strasse to the E. The principal cross-streets are the
busy Leipziger-Strasse (p. 19j and the Behren-Strasse (V\. H, 6),
the latter containing several of the chief banks of Berlin. — The
Friedrich-Strasse 'PL H, 4-7), the longest street in the inner
town (2 3L fi-om the former Oranienburg Gate to the former Halle
frate), is flanked with handsome and substantial business-houses,
including the retail-depots of several important breweries. On the
upper floor of the biulding of the Pschorr Brewery, at the corner
of the Behren-Strasse, is Cast an' s Panoptikum (p. 9).
Between the Charlotten-Str. and 3Iarkgrafen-Str., a little to the
8. of the Linden, is situated the -Gexdarmex-Markt (PL H. 6i.
in which rise the French Churchy the Xew Church (both dating
from the beginning of the 18th cent., with handsome detached
towers added in 1780-85 >. and the —
••Schauspielhaus, or Boijal Theatre V\. H, 6), erected by
Schinkel in 1819-21. to replace the original building which was
burned down in 1817. The principal (E.) fagade is embellished
with an Ionic portico, approached by a prominent flight of steps,
under which are the entrances for the spectators. At the sides of
the steps are two groups in bronze by F. Tieck. The summit of
the principal part of the building is crowned with an Apollo in a
chariot drawn by two griffins, a group in bronze by Bauch and
Tieck: on the ^. summit of the building, corresponding to the
Apollo, is a Pegasus in copper. The large X. tympanum contains
the Triumph of Bacchus with Ariadne; the S. tympanum, Orpheus
bringing back Eurydice, both by F. Tieck.
In front of the steps of the theatre stands the Monument of
Sr-hiUer. 19 ft. in height, in marble, by Begas. The pedestal is
Wilhehii-Strassf. BERLIN. ■?• Huntc. 19
iidoriied at the corners with allegorical figures of lyric and dramatic
poetry, historical composition, and philosophy.
To the W. of the Schauspielhaus is the Deutsche Reichshank, or
German Imperial Bank (PI. H, J, 6), a Eeuaissance building of 1869-76. —
At No. 5 Wall-Str. is Raven^'s Picture G-allery (PI. J, 6), a collection
of about 200 works by modern French and German masters, including
choice exam])lcs of the older Berlin and Diisseldorf schools (adm., seep. 7). — •
In the Miirkische-Platz (PL K, 6), at the N.E. end of the Wall-Str., is
the Brandenhurn Frovwcial MiiHeuin (Markische Provinzial-3Iuseuni),
})uilt in 1901-1907 from plans by L. Hoffmann (adm., see p. 6).
The Wilhelm-Strasse (PL G, H, 6, 7) leads from the Linden,
near the Pariser-Platz, to the Belle-Alliance-Platz (p. 21). The N.
half of this street contains mimerous ofiicial residences. No. 70
on the right, close to the Linden, is the British Embassy; No. 72
is the Palace of Prince George of Prussia (d. 1902). Opposite,
No. 67, is Herr Pringsheim^ s House^ with a polychrome facade.
No. 73, on the right, is the house of the Minister of the Imperial
Household; No. 74 is the Imperial Home Office^ where the
German Bundesrat meets. No. 65, to the left, is the residence of
the Minister of Justice; No. 64, the Privy Chamber of Civil
Affairs; No. 63, ihQ Ministry of State. Then on the right, Nos. 75 &
76, the Foreign Office. No. 77 is the Imperial Chancellery and
the Residence of the Chancellor ^ occupied bv Prince Bismarck
from 1878 till March, 1890.
On the opposite side of the street is the Wilhelm-Platz
(PL H, 6), adorned with Statues of six heroes of the three Silesian
wars of Frederick the Grreat: Schiverin^ who fell at Prague in 1757 ;
Winterfeldt, Frederick's favourite, who fell at Moys, near Gorlitz,
in 1757; Seydlitz, the hero of Rossbach, who died in 1773; Keith^
who fell at Hochkirch in 1758; the gallant Zieten^ who died in
1786; and Prince Leopold of Anhalt- Dessau^ the victor at Kessels-
dorf, who died in 1747. — On the N. side of the Wilhelm-Platz
is the Palace of Prince Frederick Leopold (PL G, H, 6), erected
in 1737 and remodelled by Schinkel in 1827-28. On the S. side
(No. 1) is the Imperial Treasury (Beichs-Schatp:amt).
The Yoss-Steasse (PL G, 6), leading to the Koniggriitzer-Str.,
here diverges to the right. At the corner (No. 1) stands the
Preussische Pfandbriefbank ('Mortgage Bank') a noble structure
in the Italian Renaissance style by Lucse, originally erected for
Borsig, the manufacturer. No. 35, at the opposite corner, is the res-
idence of the Minister of Public Works^ including the Imperial
Office of Railivays. At Nos. 4 & 5 is the Reichs-Justizamt.
A little to the S. of the Wilhelm-Platz diverges the busy
Leipziger-Strasse (PL G, H, J, 6), which intersects the Friedrich-
Strasse and is even richer than that street in palatial modern build-
ings. It is about 1 M. in length from the Spittel-Markt, on the E.,
to the Potsdamer-PIatz, on the W. Near its E. end, in the Donhoff-
20 BoiiU- 1. BERLIN. Leipzujer-Straaise.
Platz, are the monuments of Baron vom Stein (d. 1831 ; comp.
p. 41) and Prince Hardenherg (d. 1822l
At the corner of the Mauer-Str. is the lieirhs-Postamt ^ or
Office of the Postmaster General (PL H, 6), erected in 1871-73 and
enlarged in 1893-98. The corner-wing contains the Postal Museum
(adm., see p. 7). — Xo. 5, Leipziger-Str., to thcW. of theWilhelm-
Str., is the War Office^ restored in 1847. Xo. 3 is the Herren-
haus, or Prussian Upper Chamber^ completed in 1904 from
designs by F. Schulze. It is connected with the new Lower
Chamber ("p. 21). Xo. 1 is the Ministry of Commerce and In-
dustry^ which contains the attractive depot of the Eoyal Porcelain
Manufactory. At Xos. 132-137 is "^ Wert heim's Warehouse^ erected
by Vessel in 1897-1904, an excellent type of the modern Grerman
warehouse.
The Leipziger-Str. ends at the octagonal Leipziger- Platz
(PL Gr, 6-, which is adorned with statues of Count Brandenharg
(d. 1850j, by Hagen, and Field -Marshall Wrangel (d. 1877), by
Keil. At Xos. 6-10 in this Platz is the Ministry of Agriculture^
Domains, and Forests: Xo. 13. on the X. side, is the Admiralty.
The PoTSDAMER- Platz (PL G, 6), in which is the Potsdam
Pailway Station (p. 1 ), flanked by the Ringhahn Station and the
Wannsee Station, is another busy centre of traffic. To the left of
the Potsdaoi Station is the staircase leading to the underground
station of the Electric Railway (see p. 1;. — Xo. 3 in the Bellevue-
Str., which leads hence to the X.W., is the Kilnstler-Haus (PL G, 6),
the home of the Society of Berlin Artists (exhibitions, see p. 8).
At the corner of the Konio-o^ratzer-Strasse and the Prinz-
Albrecht-Strasse (PL G, 1\ to the S.E. of the Potsdamer-Platz, is
the massive building of the ^Ethnographical Museum (Mu-
seum furVolkerkunde ; PL G, 7), a Renaissance structure by Ende.
On the groundfloor are the Prehistoric Collections and Dr. Schlie-
mann's Trojan Collection. The upper floors are devoted to the Eth-
nographical Collections. Admission, see p. 6. Official guide, 50 pf.
Adjoining this institution, in the Prinz-Albrecht-Str., is the
^Museum of Industrial Art (Kunstgewerhe-Maseum: PL G, 7),
founded in 1867. containing a very extensive and valuable collec-
tion of the products of many dift'erent countries, both ancient and
modem. The exterior of the building, which is in the Hellenic Re-
naissance style, is adorned with mosaics from the designs of Eivald
and Geselschap. representing the principal epochs in the history of
civilization. At the sides of the flight of steps ascending to the
door are statues of Peter Yischer and Holbein, by Sussmann-
Hellborn. Admission, see p. 6. Official guide, 50 pf.
On the groundfloor arc the furniture, carvings, and tapestry. The
first floor accommodates the collection of porcelain and glass, and the
works in metal. The second floor contains the textile fabric^.
Beichstags-Oehaudc. BERLIN. ^- Route. 21
Opposite the Industrial Museum is the Prussian Chamber of
Depvties (PI. G, 6), built in 1893-98 by F. Schulze. The large
hall contains seats for 433 deputies. Cards of admission to the
meetings may be obtained from 5 to 7 p.m. on the day before or, if
there is room, on the day itself. The hall is shown to visitors on
week-days out of session between 9 and 10 a.m. (fee). — The Prinz-
Albrecht-Str. ends, on the E., at the Wilhelm-Str., in which (to the
right) is the Palace of Prince Frederick Henry of Prussia.
The S. limit of the Friedrich-Stadt is marked by the circular
Belle- Alliaxce-Platz (PI. H, 7, 8), in the centre of which rises the
Friedens-Sdule, or Column of Peace, 60 ft. in height, erected in
1840, on the 25th anniversary of the peace of 1815. It is crowned
with a Victory by Ranch, and is surrounded by marble groups of
the four chief powers that took part in the victory of Waterloo.
The site of the old Halle Gate (PL H, 8) is occupied by two
monumental edifices by Strack. — Opposite the Halle Oate the new
Landwehr-Kanal is crossed by the Belle Alliance B7'id(je^ on the
buttresses of which stand marble groups of Navigation, Fishing, In-
dustry,and Trade. Beyond the bridge begins the Tempelhof Quarter .
AJDOut 55/4 M. outside the Halle Gate (several tramway-lines) is the
Kreuzberg (PL Gr, H, 9), rising about 100 ft. above the city, of which
it affords a fine ^Survey. The Natmial Monument of the War of Lib-
eration, on the top, inaugurated in 1821, consists of an iron obelisk
designed by Schinkel, with statues and reliefs by JRauch, TiecJc, and
Wichmann. On the N. slope of the Kreuzberg extends the Victoria Park.
In the Tempelhofer FeJd, an open piece of ground extending south-
wards from the Kreuzberg to the village of TemjyelJiof, the annual man-
oeuvres and reviews of the Berlin garrison have taken place since the
days of Frederick William I. (1721; see p. 9).
Outside the Brandenburg Grate (p. 10), at the entrance to the
Tiergarten (p. 22), is the semicircular 'Platz vor dem Brandenburger
Tor' (PL G, 5, 6), adorned with marble Statues of Emp. Fred-
erick III. J by Briitt, and Empress Victoria^ by Grerth. The Fried-
ens-AlUe leads hence to the right to the Koxigs-Platz (PI. Gr, 5).
The *Monuinent of Victory ( Sieges- Sdule) in the centre,
200 ft. in height, designed by Strack, and inaugurated in 1873,
stands on a circular terrace approached by eight steps of granite.
The massive square pedestal is adorned with reliefs in bronze. The
^Mosaics, designed by A. von Werner, illustrate the restoration of the
Cferman empire. Above, in the flutings of the column, are three rows
of captured Danish, Austrian, and French cannon (60 in all). The summit
consists of a capital formed of eagles, crowned with a Borussia, 18 ft.
high, by Drake. (*View from the capital, 152 ft. high; adm., see p. 6.)
The Konigs-Platz is bounded on the E. by the *Reichstags-
Gebaude (Hall of the Imperial Diet: PL a, 5), built in 1884-94 in
the florid Italian Renaissance style, from the designs of Paul Wallot,
at a cost of 22,000,000 marks (1,100,000^.1 The central struc-
ture is covered by a huge glass dome, bearing a lantern encircled
22 BoHte 1. BEKLIX. Turgartcn.
with columns and surmounted by an imperial crown r225 ft.). At the
corners are four towers. 195 ft. high, on which are figures typifying
the industries and occupations of the G-erman people. Between these
are the names of the G-erman princes reigning in 1871.
The chief (W.) facade has a portico borne by six columns. To
the right and left of the door are reliefs of the Rhine and the Vistula,
by 0. Lessing: above the door is a figure of St. Greorge (with the
features of Bismarck), by Siemeriug ; in the pediment is a relief by
Schaper^ representing Art and Industry protected by Grermanic
warriors; on the apex of the pediment is a colossal Germania, led
by two genii, by B. Begas. — The S. portal is used by members
of the Diet, the E. portal by the Court and the Federal Council.
Yisifors to the Interior (adm., see p. 7) enter by Portal Y, on the X.
side, and are led to the Promenade Hall, the Beading and Writing Booms,
the Bestauranf. the Hall of the Diet, the South Vestihnle, the Waiting
Booms of the Federal Council (Bundesrat), the East Vestibule, etc.
At the corner of Sommer-Str. and the Reichstags-Ufer is the official
residence of the President of the Reichstag, erected after Wallot's designs.
In front of the W. facade rises the -National Monument to
Bismarck, by B. Begas (1901). The colossal bronze figure of the
chancellor stands upon a granite pedestal, which is surrounded by
four groups: Atlas bearing the globe (front), Siegfried forging the
imperial sword (back). Constitutional Authority trampling upon
Sedition (right,', and Statecraft seated on a sphinx (leftj.
To the X. of the Konigs-Platz lies the Alsex-Platz (PL G-, 5),
adorned in 1904 with a bronze statue of Field-Marshal Count
Boon (d. 1879), by Magnussen. To the W. are situated the ex-
tensive premises of the General Staff, where Moltke died in 1901 ;
to the X.'W^. is the Austrian Embassy . The Moltke- Briicke,
reached by the Moltke-Str. between these, leads over the Spree to
the Ausstellungs-Park or Exhibit ion Bark (9\. F, 5;, with
the building in which the annual exhibitions of the Academy are
held in summer ip. 5). — On the right, just beyond the bridge, is
the German Colonial Museum (adm., see p. 6).
On the ^. side of the Konigs-Platz is Kroll's Establishment^
now used as the Xeiv Opera House fp. 8). In front of it stands a
Monument to Moltke. by Uphues, erected in 1905.
The *Tiergarten iPl. E, F, G-, 5, 6), the largest and most
attractive park near the city, lies to the W. of the Brandenburg
Gate, and is bounded on the X. by the Spree, and on the S. by the
Untere Friedrichstadt. It is about 2 M. in length and ^ ^ M. in
breadth, and covers upwards of 600 acres of ground. The Sieges-
Allee and the roads skirting the park on the S. and E. are fashion-
able promenades in the afternoon.
The *Sieges-Allee, or Avenue of Victory (PI. G-, 5, 6), which
loads to the S. from the Konigs-Platz to the Kemper-Platz, has been
adorned, at the expense of the emperor, with 3*2 mi\Yh]e Statues of
ZooloyicaJ Gardvu. .r)i:RLIN. ■?• lionie. 23
Frtissian Rulers, behind cacli of w liicli is a semicircular marble
bench with terminal busts of two eminent contemporaries.
On the N. margin of the Tiergarten, about ^'2 ^' ^^ ^^^ ^- ^^
the New Opera House (p. 22), on the Spree, are the popular 'al fresco''
restaurants known as the Zelfe (^. e. Tents, from their original con-
struction). — Farther to the W. is the royal chateau of Bellevve
(PL E, 5), witli a park behind which is the Bellevue Station of
tlie Stadtbahn (Grosse Stern). Near the Tiergarten Station, on
the W. side of the Tiergarten, is tlie Emperor Fredei^ick Memorial
Church (1895).
The pleasantest parts of the Tiergarten are the Seepark (PI.
D, E, 6), on the W. side, and the neighbourhood of the Rousseati
Island (PL F, 6), wliere numerous skaters display their skill in
winter. The finest statue in the Tiergarten is the marble *Mon-
nment of Frederick William III. (PL F, 6), executed by Drale
in 1849, the pedestal of which, 18 ft. in height, is adorned with
charming reliefs representing the enjoyment of nature. The cor-
responding -^ Statue of Queen Louisa (PL F, 6), by Encke, was
erected in 1880; the reliefs on the pedestal represent woman's
work in war. Beside the Groldfish-Teich, a little to the W. of the
Sieges-Allee, is a Monument to Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven,
by Siemering (1904). The Monument to Goethe, by Schaper,
facing the Koniggratzer-Str. (PL Gr, 6), was erected in 1880; on
the pedestal are allegorical figures of Lyric Poetry, Tragic Poetry,
and Science. To the S., in the Linne-Str., is a Monument to Lessiny
(PL G, 6), by 0. Lessing (1890). On the S. the Tiergarten is boiinded
by the Tiergarten- Strasse (PL F, 6), containing many handsome
villas. On the N. side, opposite the end of the Hildebrandt-Str.,
is a Monument to Richard Wagner^ by Eberlein (1903). — The
remoter parts of the Tiergarten should be avoided after dark.
The *Zoological Garden (PL D, E, 7; adm., see p. 9; guide
25 pf.), opened in 1844, may be reached by tramway from tlie
Brandenburg Gate, the Opern-Platz, etc., or by the Stadtbahn or
the Elevated Line to the 'Zoologischer Garten Station', It contains
one of the finest collections of animals in the world, and the regular
concerts attract numerous visitors (see p. 8; good restaurant).
The Charlottexburg Koad (tramway) leads from the Branden-
burg Gate across the Tiergarten to (3 M.) Charlottenburg. There is
a station of the Elevated & Underground Railway at the Knie (see
p. 24). Those who use the Stadtbahn should alight at the Tier-
garten Station and take the tramway thence, or go on to Westend., as
the Charlottenburg station is far from the town. Near the Tiergarten
Station is the Royal Porcelain Factory (PL D, 6; adm., see p. 7).
Charlottenburg, a town with about 265,000 inhab., is prac-
tically part of Berlin, though it retains an independent municipal-
ity. It owes its origin to Sophia Charlotte, wife of Frederick I.
24 ^OHtc 1. BERLIN, Charlottenhurg.
Beyond the canal-bridge, to the left, rises the Technical Acad-
emy (PL C, D, 6), a large and imposing building, embellished with
sculptures (2300 students'. It contains the Architectural Museum^
the Beuth-Schi nkel-Museurn . and several other collections.
A little to the S. are the School of Art and the Academy of
Music. Thence the Hardenberg-Str. leads to the * Emperor
William Memorial Church (PL D, 7), a late-Romanesque edifice
fl891-95i, with a lofty tower and an elaborate interior (open on
week-days 9-1 and usually also 3-6. free>
The Berliner-Strasse makes a bend to the right (the so-called
'Knie') and then leads straight to the Royal Palace, passing, on
the right, the large Rathaus (1905). It ends at the Luisen-Platz.
with statues of Frederick III. and Prince Albert.
The Royal Palace (PL A, 5 . erected by SchlUter in 1695-99,
was enlarged by E. von Goethe (p. 13) in 1701-7 and provided with
its effective dome. The right wing was added by Knohelsdorff in
1742. Frederick III. spent part of his last illness here (March-
June, 1888}.
At preseut only the apartments formerly occupied by Frederick I..
ill the central part, next the garden, are shown (adm., see p. 6). The
rococo decorations are well worthy of inspection.
The entrance to the pleasant Pcdace Garden^ laid out by the
eminent French landscape-gardener Le Xotre in 1694, is near the
small guard-room, adjoining the ^. wing. Crossing the orangery
to the right, turning to the left and skirting it on the farther side,
and following an avenue of pines to the right, we reach (8 min.i
the *3lArsoLEUM: (Tl. A, 5 ; tickets at the Palace), erected by Gentz
in the Doric style, where Queen Louisa (d. 1810) and her husband
Frederick TTilliam III. ( d. 1840 > repose, together with their second
son. Emp. William I. id. 1888 > and the Empress Augusta (d. 1890).
The recumbent figures of the first-named pair, executed in marble by
Fauch\s masterly hand, are strikingly impressive. The beautiful figure
of the queen, executed at Carrara and Rome in 1812-13. was placed here
in 1815 and at once established the sculptor's fame. The figures of Emp.
William and his consort are by Eucke.
The Gninewald, a royal forest to the S.W. of the city, is a fav-
ourite resort of the Berliners. and is traversed by the suburban trains of
the Stadtbahn to Potsdam. At its beginning, near the station of nalen-
see, is tlie fashionable Villa Colony of GruneiL'ald.
2. Potsdam and Environs.
Railway from Berlin to Potsdam < three lines i in ^ r^ hr. ;
more than 50 trains daily 'fare by the suburban trains from the
Potsdam and Friedrich-Strasse stations 85 or 50 pf.).
a. Maix Lixe from the Potsdam Statian (TL G-, 7; pp. 1, 20).
The suburban trains run without intermediate halt to (13^2 ^^-J
Xeu-Babelsherg, (16 M. Potsdam. (17 M.i Charlottenhof {^j^ M.
j^
c^'B
&<
S'y
^w,L> ^1."^.;; ' ' ^^<^ ''"*^
i^^( iTmlh'^wrniili iiisl 1 1
■jj^^^I^^
ii^i^^^^kfimiu
l\actical Notf'H.
POTSDAM.
Ttonte. 25
'., M. from the New
from Sanssouci)^ and (IS^'o M.) WUdpark
Palace, p. 27).
b. Via Wannsee, from the Wannsee Station (PL Gr, 7). —
Stations: l^/^ M. Grossgorschen- Strasse ; 3 M. Friedenau. —
41/2 M. Steglifz^ the station for the Botanical Garden (adm., see
p. 6); 51/2 M. Gross-Lichterfelde^ with the Koyal Cadet School;
71/2 M. Zehlendorf; 9^/2 M. Schlachtensee ; IO1/2 M. Nikolassee;
12 M. Wannsee; 141/2 M. Nen-Bahelsherg (2M. from the chateau);
16 M. Noivaives-Nenendorf ; 16^2 ^I- Potsdam. ~ From Neu-
l^abelsberg a stealner plies hourly in summer on the Griehnitz-See
to Klein-Glicnicke (p. 28) and (\ 4 hr. ; fare 20 pf.) Babelsberg.
c. Trains for Potsdam also start from the stations (K platforms)
of the Stadtbahx (see p. 1). After passing Gruneivald the line
unites at Nikolassee with that above described.
Potsdam. — Palast- Hotel, Humboldt -Str. 1, beside the fStadt-
Schloss, R. from 8, B 1, D. 3 ^; Stadt Konigsberg, Brauer-Str. 1, with
a veranda on the Havel, R. from 21/25 B. 1, D. 'i JC, these two very fair;
EiNSiEDLER, Schloss-Str. 8; Eisenbahn-Hotel, near the railway-station,
with a garden on the Havel, R. 2-3, B. ^/4, I). 2 JC; Deutsches Haus,
Schloss-Str. 6, R. 2Vo-l, B. 1, D. 1-U JC.
Hestaurants. ^Railway Restaurant, J). 3 JC, — In the town: ^Zum
Schultheiss, in the Palast-Hotel (see above) ; Residenz-Restaurant, Nauener-
Str. 15, D. l^l^JC; Hormess (wine-room), Nauener-Str. 34a. — In the en-
virons: *Wackermann's Hohe, on the Brauhausberg, D,2ufC; Caf6 8ans-
souci, outside the Brandenburg Gate; ^Wildimrk Station (see ji. 27),
D. 11/2 <^; ^Glienicke (Fernaii), on the Berlin highroad, D. from 'd JC;
Btlrgershof, in Glienicke (steamboat-pier), D. from l^jo^S; Bahelsberg,
opposite the main entrance to the park, D. ^^J^JC.
Post and Telegraph Office, by the canal, at the corner of the
Wilhelm-Platz.
Cabs. First class (for 1-2 persons only) : per drive within the town
75 pf . ; outside the town per Vi hr- 75 pf ., V2 hr. IVi J^, ^U hr. IV27 1 ^^'
2 JC, for each additional y^ hr. 50 pf . more,
whole day 12 t/^.
Second class : for 1/4 lir. ......
V2 hr
l-2pers.
3 pers.
1-5 pers.
— 50
— 75
1 —
1 50
1 „
— 75
1 —
1 25
1 75
1 25
1 50
1 75
2 25
1 hr
Luggage 25 pf.
Fares by time: 6 hrs. 12 ^, 12 hrs. 15 t^, for 1-5 persons. Double
fares at night. — There are also Taximeter Cabs.
Tram^ways. From the Railway Station to the Wilhelm-Platz (Kaiser-
Brlicke) and thence: 1. To Glienicke (p. 28); 2. To the Brandenhnrger Tor
(near Sanssouci) and CharlottenJiof (pp. 26, 27); 3. To the Allee- Strasse,
near the New Garden (p. 28).
Steamboats in summer. From the Lange Briicke (p. 26) to Gliefiicke
(p. 28), Sakroiv, Moorlake, the Pfauen-Insel, and Wamisee (see above),
several times every afternoon, a pleasant trip.
Plan of Excursion. Hurried travellers should content themselves
with a general view of Potsdam and a visit to the palaces of Babelsberg
and Sanssouci. AVe take the train to Neu-Babelsberg and the steamer
thence to Klein- Glienicke and then walk to "^Babelsberg, afterwards
going on through the park, via the Gerichtslaube and the Flatoic-Tnrni
(*Yiew), to the ferry to Potsdam (1-3 pers. 50 pf.). After visiting the
26 Route 2. POTSDAM. Toim Palace.
Town Palace wc take the tramway to the 13raiideiibuig Gate, visit the
Friedens-Kirche. and walk to *Sa72SSOuci. Return via the Orangery and
through the park, either to the station of Wildjyarl:. or to the Luisen-Str.,
where we join the tramway to Potsdam station.
The Royal Palaces are usually open from 10 to 6 (Sun. 11-6) in
summer, 10-4 in winter: tickets (25'pf. for each pers.) are obtained at
the entrances. The Xew Palace is shown only between the middle of
Jan. and the beginning of May. — The Fountains of Sanssouci usually
play in summer on Sunday, from noon till 7 p.m. The great fountain
also plays on Tuesday and Thursday, 3-7 p.m. — Smoking is prohibited
in the royal gardens, except at Babelsberg and at the Orangery.
Potsdam (61.500 inhab., garrison 7000'. the capital of the pro-
vince of Brandenburg, is charmingly situated on the Potsdamer
Werder, an island in the HaveU which here expands into a series
of lakes and is bounded by wooded hills. The town is of Slavonic
origin, but was of no importance until the Great Elector founded
his palace in the neighbourhood. It is indebted for its modern
splendour to Frederick the Great, who generally resided here. Pots-
dam is the cradle of the Prussian army, and the military element
fesjDecially the j^icked men of the guards i is conspicuous in its streets.
The handsome Lange Brilcke, which leads from the station to
the town, is adorned with eight typical figures of Prussian soldiers
by Herter (1895/, while on the Freuudschafts-Insel is a bronze
equestrian Statue of Emp. William /., by the same artist (1900).
— The *TowTi Palace ( castellan in the X.E. angle of the court >.
originally erected about 1660. but dating in its present form from
1751, is interesting for its reminiscences of Frederick the Great.
— To the S. of the palace is the Lustgarten, with statues and groups
of the beginning of the 18th cent., busts of Bliicher and other heroes
of the wars of liberation, by Ranch, and a bronze Statue of Fred-
erick William /., by Hilgers, erected in 1885 on the side next the
parade-ground, where he used to drill his gigantic grenadiers.
In the Altmarkt , to the X. of the palace , rise the Church of
St. Nicholas, erected in 1830-37 from a plan hj Schinkel, with a
dome added in 1842-50, and the Batham (1754). the gable of which
is adorned, with a gilded fi'gure of Atlas bearing the globe. — A
vault under the pulpit of the Garrison Church (open in summer,
10-6; entr. by Portal B; 25 pf.\ more to the W., contains the re-
mains of Frederick the Great and of his father Frederick William I.,
the founder of the church ('1731-35).
The Wilhelm-Platz is adorned with a Statue of Frederick Wil-
liam III., designed by Kiss (1845).
Outside the ( W.) Brandenhurg Gate, erected in 1770, an avenue
to the right leads to the Park of Sanssouci. On a height near the
gate is a Statue of Emp. Frederick III., by Bormel (1903). At the
entrance to the park, 1^2 ^^' fi'om the station, rises the "^Fried-
ens-Kirche, or Church of Peace, in the early-Christian basilica
style, designed by Persius ^1)^50: sexton in the building to the left).
Sanssoncl. POTSDAM. ^- f^onfr. 27
lu the Atrium stand Ranch's Group of Moses, Aarou, and Hur, and
a copy of Thoi'valdsen's Risen Christ. — The somewhat bare Interior
of the basilica, borne by sixteen Ionic columns in black marble, con-
tains, in front of the chancel, the burial-vaults of Frederick William IV.
(d. 1861) and Queen Elizabeth (d. 1873). The apse is adorned with an
old Venetian mosaic. — On the N. side of the atrium is the Mausoleum
of Emp. Frederick III. (adm. 25 pf.), erected in imitation of tlic
chapel of Innichen in Tyrol. The marble *Sarcophag:i of the emperor
(d. 1888) and empress (d. 1901) and those of their sons Waldemar and fSif^is-
mund are by R. Begas. In the altar-niche is a *Pieta by Rietschel (1815).
Entering the *Park of Sanssouci and bearing to the right,
\vc soon reach the Great Fountain (p. 26), the water of which rises
to a height of 130 ft. The twelve figures surrounding the basin arc
by French sculptors of the 18th century. The equestrian Statue
of Frederick the Greatj to the S., is freely copied from Kauch's
celebrated work (p. 10). — A broad flight of steps, 66 ft. in height,
ascends from the great fountain to the —
*Palace of Sanssouci, a building of one story, erected by
Knobelsdorff for Frederick the Grreat in 1745-47, and that mon-
arch's almost constant residence. His rooms are still preserved
almost imaltered (castellan at the back). — The Picture Gallery
(fee), in a separate building, contains a few good works by Rubens,
Yan Byck, Rembrandt, etc.
The way to the Orangery leads past the famous Windmill, the
owner of which is said to have refused to sell it to Frederick the
Great (now royal property).
The Orangery, an extensive structure in the Florentine style,
330 yds. in length, was completed in 1856 from plans by Hesse.
In front of the central building is a marble Statue of Fred. Wil-
liam IV., by Blteser (1873). On the terrace are the interesting
astronomical instruments from the former Jesuit college at Pekin,
cast in bronze by Chinese artists in 1673 and brought to Europe by
the German troops in 1901. — The interior is adorned with paint-
ings and sculptures. Extensive view from the towers.
Those who are pressed for time may return hence to the rail-
way, either direct through the park to the Villa of Charlottenliof
(altered in 1826 by Schinkel), which is %M. from Wildpark Station
(p. 25), or via the (20 min.) Neue Palais.
To the W. of the park of Sanssouci rises the New Palace,
built by Frederick the Great in 1763-69. It is now the summer-
residence of Emp. William II. (comp. p. 26). Many of the 200 apart-
ments are richly decorated. Emperor Frederick III. died here in
a room facing the park, 15th June, 1888. -— To the S. extends the
WildiJarlc (station, see p. 25).
To the N. of Potsdam, about Vo M. from the Nauener-Tor, is
the colony of AlexandroiuJca , built in 1826 by Frederick Wil-
liam Til. for the accommodation of the Russian musicians who were
og Route 2. POTSDAM. Bahelsberg.
at that time attached to the 1st Regiment of Guards. — On the
Prrs-GSTBERG, which rises in the vicinity, stands a handsome orna-
mental building, the towers of which (152 steps) afford an extensive
view of the environs. — To the E. of Alexandrowka lies the Xeue
Ctartex. or Xew G-arden. at the X. corner of which is the Meierei
a*estaurant^ or dairy, jjrettily situated on the Juugfern-See. In the
E. part of the garden, on the Heilige See, rises the Marble P.\xace,
begun by Fred. William II. (1786-96) and completed by Fred. Wil-
liam IV. '1844\ It contains numerous art-treasures. Adm.. seep. 26.
At Klein- Glienicke (restaurants, see p. 25), on the Berlin
road (tramway, see p. 25), on the left bank of the Havel, are the
Chateau ''on the left) and (on the right) the Palace of Prince Fred-
eric): Leopold, the latter originally a hunting-lodge of the Great
Elector. Admittance is seldom granted to the palaces or to the
large park. — Farther on. to the left, rises the Bottcher - Bei^g ,
surmounted by a Loggia, commanding a fine panorama.
In the vicinity is the landing-place of the steamboats plying on
the Griebnitz-See to and from Xeu-Babelsberg (p. 25). About ^/^ M.
farther on is the entrance to the park and the palace of Babels-
berg, a visit to which occupies l\'o hr.
The picturesque chateau of *Babelsberg was erected in the
English Gothic style by Schinhel in 1835. was extended in 1843-
49 by Strack. and is being again enlarged for the Crown Prince.
It stands in a beautiful park, laid out by Prince Piickler.
The *IxTERioR of the chateau is simply hut tastefully decorated, aud
contains numerous works of art. Emp. William I. invariably spent part
of the summer here, and his study and bedroom are shown to visitors.
Behind the palace is a monument with the Archangel Michael, by Ki88.
To the S.W. stands the Gerichtslaube. a Gothic portico origin-
ally attached to the old Eathaus in Berlin i view). — To the S. rises
the Flafoic-Turni (*Yiewi. — A boat to cross the Havel to Pots-
dam is usually to be found a little to the W., downstream.
The *Brauhausberg 'Restavrant, see p. 25). to the S. of the main
railway-station of Potsdam, commands a beautiful view of the town and
the wide expanse of the Havel, finest by evening-light. Adm. to the
Belvedere 10 pf. — Farther to the S., on the TelegrapJienbery, stands
the Astro-Physical Ohsercatory. an admirably-equipped institution, built
in 1875-78 (adm. Frid.. 3-6: custodian in the main building). Here also
are the Geodetic Listitutr- and the Mete orologi col-Magnetic Observatory.
II. NORTH-WESTERN GERMANY,
Route Page
3. From Cologne to Berlin via Hanover and Stendal. . . 30
From Essen to Diisseldorf via Kettwig 32. — From
Essen to Hagen 33
Hohen-Syburg 34
From Herford to Wallcnbriick; to Detmold and Alten-
beken 36
Grotenbiirg. Externsteine 37
From Wunstorf to Uchte. Stcinhuder Meer 38
From Hanover to Leipzig via Magdeburg 39
Tangermiinde. From Stendal to Bremen 40
4. From Cologne to Berlin viit Hildesheim
From Hagen to Dortmund ; to Siegen 41
From Lctmathc to Iserlohn and Frondenberg. Dechenhohle 42
From Soest to Brilon ; to Hamm 43
Lippspringe 44
From Hameln to Hanover ; to Lohne 46
5. From Cologne to Berlin via Holzminden and Magdeburg 48
Corvey 48
6. From Hagen (Cologne) to Cassel via Arnsberg .... 55
From Brilon- Wald to Paderborn 56
From Warburg to Marburg 57
From Cassel to Wilhelmshohe 65
7. From Cassel to Hanover 66
From Miinden to Hameln. Valley of the Weser ... 67
8. From Rotterdam (Hook van Holland) to Hanover via
Salzbergen 69
9. Hanover 71
10. Hildesheim 79
From Hildesheim to Goslar 83
11. Brunswick 84
12. From Hamm to Mlinster, Emden, and Norddeich
(Norderney) 92
From Norden to Sande 97
13. The East Frisian Islands 98
14. From Hanover to Bremen 101
15. Bremen 101
From Bremen to Geestemiinde and Bremerhaven . 108
16. From Bremen to Emden and Norddeich (Norderney) . 109
From Oldenburg to Osnabruck ; to Wilhelmshaven . . Ill
17. From Hanover to Hamburg 112
From Celle to Langwedel 113
From Ltineburg to Biichen 114
18. Hamburg, Altona, and their Environs 115
I. Hamburg 115
a. Binnen-Alster. Altstadt. Neustadt. Promenades.
St. Pauli 120. — b. The Harbour 124. — c. Museums.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 3
30 XORTH- WESTERN GERMANY.
Route Page
St. George. Horn 126. — d. The Aussen- Alster.
Xorthern Quarters. Ohlsdorf Cemetery. Wandsbek 129.
II. Altoua 130
Ottenseu. Stellingeu. From Altona to Blankenese . 131
From Hamburg to Cuxliaven and Heligoland . . . 131
19. From Hamburg to Cologne via Bremen and Munster 133
20. From Hamburg to Kiel 134
From Elmshurn to Hover-Schleuse 134
Environs of Kiel. Baltic Ship Canal 137. 138
From Kiel to Flensburg 138
21. From Hamburg to Flensbui'gandVamdrup (Copenhagen) 139
The Danewerk 139
From Schleswig to Kappeln 140
Flensburg Fjord. Gliicksburg. Sonderburg. . . . 141. 142
22. The North Frisian Islands 142
23. From Hamburg to Lubeck and to Stettin 145
From Liibeck to Travemiinde ; to Kiel. — From Eutin
to Orth. From Malente-Gremsmiihlen to Lutjenburg 151, 152
From Biitzow to Rostock 153
From Rostock to Wismar : to Greifswald 155
24. From Hamburg to Berlin 156
From Biichen to Lubeck. Eatzeburg 156
From Ludvrigslust to Xeu-Brandenburg 156
From Neustadt to Wismar 157
From Paulinenaue to Xeu-Ruppin 157
25. From Berlin to Schwerin and Wismar 157
From Schwerin to Rehna 161
26. From Berlin to Stralsund 162
a. Via Xeu-Brandenburg 162
From Lowenberg to Prenzlau. Rheinsberg 162
From Xeu-Strelitz to Rostock and Warnemiinde (Copen-
hagen) 163
b. Via Angermunde 163
From Stralsund to Rostock 166
27. The Island of Riigen 166
a. From Stralsund to Sassnitz (Trelleborg) via Bergen.
Stubbenkammer. Arkona 166. — b. From Bergen to Put-
bus and Lauterbach 169. — c. From Putbus to Binz and
Gohren 169.
3. Prom Cologne to Berlin via Hanover
and Stendal.
366 M. Railway in 9-17 hrs. {express fares 47 ^ 80, 29 JC 20, 18 JC 70 pf . ;
ordinary 45 ^ 80. 27 JC 20. 17 JC 70 pf.) ; comp. RR. 4, 5. — From Cologne
to Hanover (203 M.}. express in 43/^-6, ordinarv trains in 9V2-11 trs. (ex-
press fares 27 JC 10, 17c^40pf., 11^; ordinary 25 ^^ 10, 15c^40pf, 10 .4^;.
The first part of this line traverses the Rhenish -We8tphalia?i Coal
Measures, which extend to the E. from the Rhine as far as Unna and
Xamen. about 32 M. in length and 9-14 M. in width. They arc among
the most productive in the world, surpassing those of England and sur-
passed only by those of Pennsylvania, and yield 80 million tons of coal
annually. These enormous deposits of coal have formed the basis for
DUISBURG. 3- Route. 31
a corresponding development in the production of iron and steel. The
Rhenish -Westphalian coal-district now produces annually over 5,000,000
tons of pig iron, forming about 40 per cent of the total out])ut of Germany
and nearly 10 per cent of that of the world. The innumerable chimneys
on both sides of the line testify to the enormous industrial activity of
the district. The population is very dense, frequently averaging 1800 per
Engl. sq. mile.
From Cologne to (24 M.) Dilsseldorf^ see Baedeleys Rhine.
391/2 M- Duisburg (* Europdischer Hof\ R. 2, D. 1 c^; Prinz
Begent, R. 2-4 ^/l ; Berliner Hof., R. 3-5 .^J, an ancient town,
situated bet\Yeen the Rhine and the Ruhr^ is a rapidly-increasing
manufacturing place, with 212,000 inhab. (including the incorpor-
ated towns of Ruhrort and Meiderich), and one of the chief depots of
the Ruhr coal-traffic. Its united harbours now form one of the largest
inland ports of the world. The Salvator - Kirche dates from the
15th century. In the Burg-Platz is a monument to Gerhard Me?^-
cator, the geographer, who died here in 1594; on the Kaiserberg
is an equestrian Statue of Emp. William /., by Reusch (1898);
and in the Schweden-Allee is 2i Bismarck Monument (1905). Comp.
Baedeker^s Rhine. — The train now crosses the Ruhr.
Beyond Duisburg a few of the through-trains run to Dortmund
via —
44 M. Oberhausen (Rail. Restaurant ; Ho f von Holla7id;
Central J R. 2-3 ^ ; Reichskrone)^ a modern town with 52,000 in-
habitants. It is the junction of the Cologne-Minden, Cologne-Ham-
burg, and Wesel-Emmerich lines. It is the seat of the Gutehoffnungs-
hiltte, one of the largest iron and steel works in the Ruhr district.
At Oberhausen our route unites with the direct through-route from
London to Berlin via Flushing. Passengers leaving London (Victoria,
Holborn Viaduct, or St. Paul's), either in the morning or evening, reach
Berlin in 22 hrs. The stages of the journey are as follows: from London
to Queenhoro' IV4 hr. ; from Queenboro' to Flushing by steamer 63/^-
71/2 hrs. ; from Flushing to Oberhatisen 51/2 brs. ; from Oberhausen to Be7-lin
8 hrs. Comp. Baedeker's Belgium and Holland and Baedeker's Rhine.
51 M. Altenessen (33,500 inhab.) is the junction for (31/2 ^^0
^ssm (p. 32). — 56 M. Gelsenkirchen (Bahnhofs-Hotel; Ber-
liner Hof), a great coal -mining centre with 150,000 inhab. (incl.
Bismarck, Schalke, and other contiguous villages). — 59M. Wanne
(Hintzen, R. «& B. 2 c^J, with 30,600 inhab. and large coal-pits, is
the junction for Osnabriick, Bremen, and Hamburg (see R. 20). —
73 M. Dortmund (p. 33).
Most of the express -trains of this line run to Dortmund via
Muhlheim and Essen.
441/2 M.Miilheim an derRuhr (Retze, R. 2\/^-3^/2, D. 21/2-//,
very fair; Monopol)^ a prettily-situated town with 95,000 inhab.,
surrounded by coal-pits and iron-works. The Grosse Kirche dates
from the 13-1 5th centuries.
3*
32 Boutc 3. ESSEN. From Cologne
As Essen is approached we gain a view to the left of Krupp's
Cast Steel Worl's, a vast establishment of worldwide celebrity.
The factory, to which visitors are not admitted, supplies many rail-
way and steamboat companies in Europe and other parts of the
world with rails, wheels, etc., and several of the great powers of
Europe and Asia with steel guns. The works at Essen alone employ
35.000 workmen, wliile nearly as many more are engaged in other
plants belonging to the Kmpp Co. The works were founded in 1810
by Friedrich Krupp (d. 1826) and owe their celebrity mainly to
Alfred Krupp 1812-87 . who began the manufacture of steel guns
about 1850.
51^,0 31. Essen. — Hotels. ^Rheinischer Hof, Royah at the
principarstation : "^Essener Hof : "^Berliner Hof. R. 2V2-3V2- B. 1. I). 2-3 JC.
— £:az.vtr-C'«/"e. Koppstadt-Platz: Saalbau. — Post & Telegraph Office,
opposite the Central Railway Station.
Essen^ a town with 230,000 inhab., founded at the end of the
9th century. Being the central point of a great coal-mining district
(see p. 30). it has increased rapidly within the last fifty years (in 1854
there were 10.500 inhab. only), and is surrounded by lofty chim-
neys in every direction.
From the Railway Station the Kettwiger-Str. leads to the Burg-
Platz. with a Statue of Emp. William I. and the Municipal
Museum. On the X. side of the square stands the *Mixster, one
of the most ancient churches in Germany. It was restored in 1881-86.
The AV. choir dates from the 10th cent.; the crypt under the E.
choirs dates from 1051: the Gothic nave and choir were completed
in 1316: the sacristy is of 1554.
The INTERIOR contains an altar-piece by B. de Bruyn (1527), a large
seven-branched candelabrum of the 10th cent., an ancient marble column,
and th6 sarcophagus of St. Altfrid (13th cent.). The Goldene Kammer,
or treasury, contains several curious and valuable Romanesque works of
art of thellth cent, (sacristan, Berg-Str. 17).
To the X.^. of the Minster is the handsome Hathaus^ with a
Statue of Alfred Krupp ('see above;, by Schaper, in front of it.
Several of the other Churches of Essen are handsome modern
buildings, and the Business Offices are often imposing. In front
of the Railway Offices is a Statue of Bismarck, by Felderhoff (1899).
Essen is also a station on the railway from Diisseldorf to Dortmund
via Lintorf (see p. 34). Branch-line to Altenessen, see p. 31.
From Essex to Dusseldorf via Kettwig, 23 M.. railway in 3/^-1 hr.
Beyond .21/2 M.) Rellingliausen the train passes through a tunnel into the
Ruhrtal. — 51/2 M. "Werden 'Deutscher Kaiserj , an ancient town with
14,000 inhab.. was formerly the seat of a Benedictine abbey, now used
as a penitentiary. The main tower dates from the 10th cent., and the
rest of the church is in the transition style of the 12-13th centuries. In
the crypt is the burial-vault of St. Ludgerus (d. 809). — 8 M. Kettwig
{Schk'sen : 6100 inhab.), with old-established cloth-factories, is prettily
situated. Branch-line to MulTieini an der Ruhr (p. 31). — We now quit
the Ruhr valley by the Hochstrasser Tunnel (500 yds. long). — 18 M.
Rath. — -l?)^' Diisseldorf, see Baedeker's Rhine.
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to Berlin. DORTMUND. 5. Bonte. 33
From Essen to Hagen, 29 M., railway in IV2 hr. — 3 M. Steele
(Post, R. 2V2 '^), an old town on the Ruhr, surrounded by coal-mines
(pop. 13,000), is the junction of a branch-railway to Vohwinkel. — 91/2 M.
Hattiyigen ; 121/2 M. Blankenstein, one of the prettiest places in the valley
of the Ruhr, with a ruined castle (1227) ; 23 M. Volmarstein, opposite
"Wetter (p. 41); 241/2 M. Herdecke (p. 41). — 29 M. Hagen, see p. 41.
From Essen some of the ordinary trains run to Bochum via
Steele (see above) and Hontrop^ but all the express-trains run via
Kj'ay and Wattenscheid,
6IV2 ^- Bochum (Kaiserhof ; Neuhauer., R. 2^l<^-4: Ji;
Middelmann^ R. & B. 272-^ ^; cab, 1 pers. 60, 2 pers. 75 pf.), an
important industrial place with 128,000 inhab., possesses very ex-
tensive cast-steel works and several large factories, foundries, and
coal-pits. The early-Grothic Peter- Paid-Kir che contains a font of
the 12th cent, and a Romanesque shrine. The town possesses mon-
uments to Emp. William I. and Bismarck.
65 M. Langendreer (Burghof; pop. 24,000), the junction of a
line to Hagen (p. 41).
73 M. Dortmund. — Hotels. ^Romischer Kaiser (PI. a; C, D, 3),
R. 23/^-6, B. 11/4, D. 21/2-4 ^; *Linde7ihof (PL b; C, 3), R. 21/2-5, B. 1,
D. 11/2-3 t^, near the main railway-station; Middendorf (PL c; C, D, 3),
Briick-Str. 10 ; Kolnischer Hof (PL e ; D, 4), Kolnische-Str. 7 ; Breiter
Stein (PL f ; C, 3), Briick-Str. 37, R. & B. 21/^, D. I1/4 JC; Rheinischer
Hof (PL g; C, 3), Kaiserhof (PL h; C, 3), both near the main station. —
Beer at the tfnioyibrdu and the Krone, in the market-place ; Stade's,
Beten-Str. 5; Ratskeller (in the Rathaus), etc. Wine at the Rheingold,
Siid-Wall 12, at Hoblich's, Yiktoria-Str. 8, and at Ldhnemann's, Brau-
haus-Str. (PL C, D, 4), all with restaurants (D. I1/2-2 J^). — Hansa-Cafe,
Westenhell-Weg 40; Vienna Cafe, Briick-Str. (PL C, D, 3); Cafe Metro-
pole, cor. of the Briick-Str. and Reinoldi-Str. (PL C, D, 3).
Post Office (PL C, 4), Hiltrop-Wall 10.
Taximeter Cab for 1-2 pers., per drive (800 metres) 60 pf., each
400 m. more 10 pf . ; 3-5 pers., 600 m. 60 pf., each 300 m. more 10 pf . ; at
night and beyond the city-limits, for 1-5 pers., 400 m. 60 pf., each 200 m.
more 10 pf. — Carriage (Markische-Str. 9; PL D, 5) to the (I1/2 hr.)
Hohen-Syburg and back 12 J^.
Electric Tramways. Seven lines run through the town and extend
to Fredenbaum, the Kronenburg, Horde, Dorstfeld, Korne, etc.
Dortmund (260 ft.), the largest city in Westphalia, with
185,000 inhab., is the centre of an important mining district, with
numerous foundries. Mentioned in history as early as 899, it after-
wards became a free imperial and fortified Hanseatic town, and in
1388-9 successfully resisted a siege of 21 months by the Archbishop
of Cologne and 48 other princes. The site of the ancient walls is now
occupied by promenades, and the town wears a modernized aspect.
The Brlick-Str. (PI. C, 3) leads from the station to the *Reinoldi-
KiECHE (PL D, 3), an imposing structure in the transition style
of the 13th cent., with a choir of 1421-50, and a W. tower dating
from 1662-1701. The interior (restored in 1898; sacristan, Fried-
hof 3, first floor; 50 pf.) contains stained glass (1546), late-Grothic
choir-stalls (ca. 1450), a font of 1469, and a brazen reading-desk of
34 Boute 3. DORT^klOTB. Froiu Cologne
the 15tli century. Adjacent (Ostenhellweg 19) is a Gothic House
of the 15th cent, (restored in 1896: restaurant), perhaps originally a
guild-house. — The *Mariex-Kieche (PL D, 3: sacristan, Marien-
Kirchhof 2) is a Romanesque structure of the end of the 12th cent.,
with a Grothic choir of 1350; the high-altar-piece is by a master of
the early Cologne school. — The Rathafs (PL C, D, 4), in the
market-place, originally a building of the 13th cent, but afterwards
much altered, was entirely rebuilt in 1899 in the oriHnal stvle.
On the groundfloor are the prehistoric collections of the Municipal
Museum (see belowi. — The Roman Catholic Probstei-Kieche
(PL C. 4\ a Gothic edifice finished in 1354, contains a beautiful
late -Gothic Tabernaculum i restored in 1890 1 and an interestins:
o
but badly-preserved altar-piece by Victor and Heinrich Diinwegge
of Dortmund (^1521). — The Petri-Kirclie (PL C, 3), completely
restored, contains a late-G-othic altar-piece. In the Su-d-Wall, op-
posite the Grymnasium PL D. 4). is a bronze Statue of Bismarck^
Ijy "^andschneider !l903'. — At the corner of the Hansa-Str. and
the Konigs-^Vall is the Municipal Museum (PL C, 3; on week-days
10-4. on Sun. & holidays 11-1: free on Wed., Sat., & Sun., at other
times 50 pf. i, with art-treasures from churches and monasteries in
Dortmund, antiquities, costumes, furniture, coins, and the like.
About 11 oM. to the X. of the market is Fredenhaiun (beyond PL B, 1),
with a large park: about 1 M. to the S.E. is the Kronenhurg, two
pleasure -resorts (tramways, see p. 33). — The Kaiser-Wilhehn-Haiii
(PL E, 7), a park just beyond the Kronenburg, contains various mon-
uments and affords fine views.
Dortmund is the seat of the Harpea Mining Co., which employs
25.000 men. — To the W. of the town are the large iron-works of the
Dortmund Union, employing upwards of 12,000 hands ; to the X.E. are the
Hoscli Iron d- Steel Works (8200 hands) ; and to the X.W. are the works
of the Dortnurnd and Ems Canal (PI. A, 1; opened in 1899), which joins
the Dollart at Emdeu 'p. 97) after a course of 150 M.
The *Hohen-SybiLrg (comp. Map, p. 33) may be reached from Dort-
mund by carriage (p. 33), by electric tramway, or by railway. The tram-
way leads via Horde and Westhofen (p. 42; 35 pf.) to the lower station
(25 pf.) of the cable-railway (return-fare 25 pf .) which ascends to within
7 min. of the top. Those who go by railway alight either at (20 min.)
LottriagTiausen or (1/2 hr.) Wittbrducke, whence the top is reached on
foot in I-I1/.2 hr. — The hill (790 ft.) played an important part in the
wars of Charlemagne with the Saxons, and the ruined castle on the top
was built by Emp. Henry TV. To the W. of the castle stands the Kaiser
TViLHELM MoxuMEXT .1902), dcsigucd by H. Stier and executed bj- A. and
K. Doundorf, with bronze statues of Emp. William I., Emp. Frederick III.,
Prince Frederick Charles. Bismarck, and Moltke. — Good view of the
Ruhr and Lenne valleys.
Branch -lines run from Dortmund to Witten and Hagen (p. 41), to
Sterkrade via TTanne (p. 31), to DUsseldort (p. 31) via Lintorf, and to
Gronaii via DUlmen (p. 134).
83 M. Kamen (Goldner Stern: Konig von Preussen), with
10,600 inhab.. is the junction for Unna (p. 42j.
93 M. Hamm < Railway Restaurant ; Rheinischer Hof:
Victoi'ia, R. & B. 23^. D. 1^ „ '-^^'. ^^<^th near the station: Central),
to Berlin. BIELEFELD. 3. Route. 35
with 38,400 inliab., once the fortified capital of the County of Mark,
which in 1609 was annexed to Brandenburg, has considerable
manufactures of iron. The large Protestant Church was built in
the 13th and 14th cent., the Roman Catholic Church in 1510.
About 1 M. from the town (electric tramway) are the thermal baths
of Bad Hamm (Kurhaus; Kur-Hotel; Feldhaus, B. from 2^2 ^J-
Hamm is the junction of lines: N. to Milnster (p. 92), Emden (p. 97),
and Norddeich (p. 98), S.E. to Soest (see p. 43), and S.W. to Unna (p. 42).
The train crosses the Lippe. — 106 M. Neu-Beckum , the
junction for a branch-line to (4M.) Beclcum (Post; TOOOinhab.) and
(21 M.) Lippstadt (p. 43). Ill M. Oelde. Near (117 M.) Rheda
the Ejus is crossed.
124 M. Qiitersloh (Barkey), with 7400 inhab., is a silk and
cotton making town. The ^PumpernickeV of this district, a dark
brown bread made with unsifted rye-flour, is considered extremely
nutritious. — Beyond (132 M.) Brackwede (9600 inhab.; Deutsches
Haus), to the right, is the 'Kolonie Bethel', for epileptic patients.
Brackwede is the junction of a line to (33 M.) Osnabruck (p. 70).
135 M. Bielefeld. — Hotels. *Gra7id-Hdtel Geist, opposite the
station, R. from 21/2, D- 2^/2 JC; Drei Kronen, Obern-Str. 25, R. from 21/2?
D. 21/4 c^,' Deutsches Haus, Obern-Str. ; Kaiserhof (R. 2V2-4, B- 1, !>• IV2-
2V2 ^), Post, Westfdlischer Hof, these three in the Bahnhof-Str. ; Teuto-
burg, Obertor-Wall 24, R. 2-3, D. 2 JC, very fair. — Restaurants. Geist
(see above ; wine) ; Rathauskeller, in the Rathaus (see below ; D. l^/o J^) ;
Modersohn, cor. of the market-place and the Altstadter Kirch-Str. ; Berg-
lust Restaurant, at the foot of the Sparenburg (see below), with view of
the town; Kaiser-Cafe, Nieder-Wall. — Taximeter Cabs. Fare 50 pf. for
1-2 pers. up to 1000 metres, for 3-4 pers. up to 750 metres, or for 1-4 pers.
up to 500 metres at night (11-7 ; in winter 10-8) ; 10 pf . more for each
additional 500, 375, or 250 metres. — Electric Tramway through the
chief streets. — Post & Telegraph Office, Herforder-Str.
Bielefeld (394 ft.), with 75,000 inhab., is the central point of the
Westphalian linen-trade, which was introduced here by Dutch set-
tlers in the 16th century. The Altstadter Kirche. has a finely carved
altar (16th cent.), and the Neustddter Kirche^ restored in 1902,
contains two 14th cent, tombs. In front of the Rathaus is a statue
of Emp. William I. The castle of ^Spai^enhiirg (575 ft.; restau-
rant), reached hence in 10 min., was erected in the 12th cent, and
restored after a fire in 1877; it deserves a visit (fee; fine view). The
* Johannisherg (restaurant), 1 M. to the W., and the Hunenhurg
(IY4 br.) are other good points of view. Light railway to (9Y2 ^0
Enger (p. 36).
143 V2M. Herford (236 ft. ; Stadt Berlin, Alter Markt, K. 21/2,
B. 2Y2 t^5 well spoken of; Rorig^s Hotel, at the station; Central
Hotel, Kurflirsten-Str., R. & B. 2^/4, D. l^j^^Jl; Stadt Bremen;
Kaiserhof), situated at the influx of the Aa into the Wer7^e, with
28,900 inhab., contains some fine old dwelling-houses. In front of
the station is a bronze Statue of the Great Elector, by Wefing
36 Route 3. DETMOLD. Prom Cologne
(1902). The fine Wittekind Fountain (1899) stands in the Willielm-
Platz (8 min. from the station). To the S. of this is the Munster-
Kirche, a Romanesque structure of the beginning of the 13th cent.,
with a Gothic apse of the 15th cent.; it contains a font of the
15th century. The Marien-Kirche (outside the town), rebuilt in
the 13th cent., is a handsome building with remains of old stained
glass, a stone altar of the 14th cent., and an old carved-wood altar.
From Herford to Wallexbruck. 11 M.. light railway in 1 hr. —
51/2 M. Enger ^Herzog Wittekind j. with 3100 inhab., was the seat of
Charlemagne's obstinate opponent, the 8axon Dulx:e Wittekind, after he
became a Christian. His bones are still preserved here in the Abbey Church,
which was built in the 12th cent, but afterwards much altered. The
bronze figure of Wittekind, in front of the church, is by Wefing (1903).
From Herford to Detmold and Altexbekex, 35 M., railway in
2 hrs. — 5 M. Salzuflen (5800 inhab.: Kur-Hotel), with salt-baths and a
large starch-factory. — 12 M. Lage (5500 inhab.; Freitag; Reichskrone),
a small town in a hilly district on the Werre. To the right the mon-
ument of Arminius (p. 37) is visible. A branch-railway runs hence to
(46 M.) Hameln (p. 46) via (51/2 M.) Lemgo (325 ft.; 'WUlker; Stadt
Leingo\ a town of 9000 inhab., with a Romanesque church altered in the
Gothic style about 1290 and many gabled houses of the 16th century. —
17 M. Detmold, see below. — 23 M. Horn-2Ieinherg ; 29 M. Hinlmig-
hausen (p. 45; Teutoburger Hof). — 35 ^i. Altenbeken (p. 45).
Detmold. — Hotels. ^ Stadt Frankfurt, Lange-Str. 65, R. 2-31/2,
B. 1, D. 21 4, pens. 5-71/2 c^: Kaiserhof, opposite the station, R.&B. from
3. pens, from 5 JC : Deutsches Haus : Fiirst Leopold: Lippischer Hof,
Hornsche-Str.. R. 2-3.^; Teutoburger Hof , Exter-Str., R.&B. 2-3, D. 11/2^.
— Restaurants at the hotels : also, Meier. Lange-Str. 19 ; Neuer Krug,
with garden. D. at both I1/2 ^^- — Carriage to the Arminius Monument
(Hermanns-Denkmal) 8 <,^ ; to the Monument and the Externsteine 18 JC,
driver 2 ..4. — Electric Tramway from the railwaj'-station through the
town to (5 M.) Johannaberg (40 pf.^ and to (21/2 M.)'Hiddesen (20 pf.).
Detmold (440 ft.) , the capital of the principality of Lippe, with
13.200 inhab.. is situated in the pretty valley of the Werre. The Residenz-
Schloss, 1/2 M. to the S.E. of the railway-station, a Renaissance structure,
dating from the 16th cent., contains an ancestral hall, a collection of
valuables, and some fine tapestry (tickets 30 pf .). On the N. side of the
Schloss-Platz is a statue of Count Ernst (d. 1904), Regent of Lippe, by
Wefing (1907). In the market-place is the tasteful Donop-Brunnen (by
Holbe; 1902}. A little to the W. is the house (Wehm-Str. 5) in which
Ferdinand Freiligrath, the poet (1810-76), was born. In the Hornsche-Str.
are a Natural History Mu-^euni (open 10-12 and 1-5 : 50 pf.) and Xhe Library
(110,000 vols.; open on ^Ved., 2-4, and Sat., 12-1).
Detmold is the most convenient starting-point for excursions in the
Teutoburgian Forest (Teutoburger Wald), a hilly region about 90 M.
long and 5-10 M. broad, extending X.W. from near Warburg on the Diemel
to the neighbourhood of Rheine. The S.TT. portion of this region is covered
with fine forests, but the lower X.W. portion is occupied by barren
moors. The highest point is the Volmerstod (1535 ft.). The chief points
(Monument of Arminius. Berlebeck S^^rings, Externsteine) may be visited
in one dav from Detmold. For farther details, see Der Teutoburger Wald,
by H. Thorbecke (16th ed.. Detmold. 1907 ; II/.2 .^). — The precise position
of the battlefield in the Saltus Teutoburgiensis, where in the year A.D. 9
Arminius the Cheruscan gained a signal victory over the Roman general
Varus, is disputed : recent authorities have been inclined to locate it
near the Dorenschlucht, about 6 M. to the "W. of Detmold, but Mommsen
looks for it in the "Wiehen-Gebirge, near the estate of Barenau, 71/2 M.
to the E. of Bramsche (p. 111).
■k.vJIerfoj-d
\^J-
enkrittf-^
) f .^^ATrJj " ■■•■■■ ij» -j/f Buch^T
Spoi
•''/»
^ ^'^'"^
r -r^ 1—
a -■==
Kilometer
i: 115.000
^ StrassenbaJm
"Wligner &cDetes .Leipzig
1. 2
Uli^l. Miles
to ^Berlin. OEYNHAUSEN". 3. Route, 37
On the *Grotenburg (1263 ft. ; Zum He^^mannsdenkmal, R. & B. 3,
D. 2V2t^), about 3 M. to the S.W. of Detmold, rises the colossal Hermanns'
Denkmal oy Monument ofArminius, executed byErnst von Bandcl (d.l876)
and inaugurated in 1875. Upon an arched substructure, 100 ft. in height
(constructed in 1838-16), stands the figure (56 ft.) of the Prince of the
Cherusci, with raised sword. The gallery of the monument (adm. 25 pf.)
commands an admira])le panorama. — The *Externsteine ( Externsteine
Inn, Kaiserhof, R. 1=V4-2V2? ^- ^V'i ^)y ^-3 hrs' drive from Detmold, are
a curious group of five rocks 100-130 ft. in height, protruding from the
earth like gigantic teeth (fine view; 10 i)f.). In one of the rocks is a
grotto, at the entrance to which is a remarkable relief of the Descent
from the Cross (about 1115).
151 M. Lohne (Hotel zur Guten Hoffnung), the junction for
Hameln (see p. 46) and for Osnabriick and Rheine (R. 8).
154 M. Bad Oeynhausen. — Hotels. "^Kur-Hotel, R. 4-12,
D. 3-4, pens. 10-15 JC ; *Vogeler, R. 21/2-6, B. 1, D. 3-4, pens. 6V2-II -^;
Pavilion, R. «& B. from 31/4, D. 21/2 '-S, both opposite the station; Victoria,
R. 2-4, D. 2, pens. 6V2-8V2 ^- — Restaurants at the N. Railway Station,
the Ktirhaus, and the hotels.
Visitors' Tax 20 .'fC, 2 pers. 30 JC, each addit. pers. 5 JC (first three
days free). Bath 13/^ JC. — A band plays thrice daily near the Kurhaus.
Bad Oeynhausen^ or Rehme (230 ft.; pop. 4300), a watering-
place with about 15,000 patients annually, is pleasantly situated
on the right bank of the Werre^ an affluent of the Weser. In the
Kur-Park are the Kurhaus^ the Theatre^ a covered Promenade^
and the Bath Houses^ with the warm saline springs (77°-93° Fahr.).
Favourite walks to the Siel and Nadelwehr (1^4 M.), to Eiding-
hausen (IY4 M.), to Bergkirchen (3^/4 M.), and other points.
The train crosses the Weser near the village of Haiisberge, and
soon enters the Weserscharte^ or Porta Westphalica, a narrow
defile by which the Westphalian mountains are quitted.
160 M. Porta. — Hotels. Kaiserhof, with garden, R. from IV2,
D. 21/2, pens. 41/2-7 tS; Nolting, R. 2-4, D. 2, pens. 5-6 JC, very fair;
Wittekindsburg , these three on the left bank. Grosser Kurfilrst, with
view-terrace ; Kaiser Friedrich, with garden, both on the right bank.
The railway-station is on the right bank, at the foot of the
Jacohsherg (615 ft.), on the top of which is a Bismarck Column
(1902), commanding an extensive view. On the opposite bank of the
Weser ^ which is crossed by a chain-bridge, rises the Wittekindsherg
(820 ft.), on which is (25 min. from the Kaiserhof) an imposing
^Monument to Emperor William /., designed by Bruno Schmitz,
and including a colossal statue by Zumbusch. About 5 min. below
the monument (to the W.) is an inn, and 18 min. above it, also to
the W., is a belvedere; 8 min. farther on (down hill) is the Witte-
kindsburg Hotel (see above) and 3 min. beyond that is the Mar-
gareten- or Wittekinds-Kapelle.
164 M. Minden. — Hotels. Victoria Hotel, R. & B. 3-6, D. 21/4,
omn. 1/2-^; Stadt London, R. 2V2-3V2> B. 1^^, both good; Westfdlischer
Hof, R. & B. 21/4, D. 11/4-2 JC. — Restaurants Tonhalle, Stift, and Victoria-
38 ^oide 3. BrCKEBURG. From Cologne
halle. — HaHge's Wine Rooms. — Post Office. Grosse Domhof. — Light
JRailway to the Porta Westphalica (p. 37) hourly in 25 min. (fare 20 pf.)-
Minden <'148 ft.i, an old town witli 27.000 inliab., lies on both
banks of the Weser. which is crossed here by two bridges. From the
Main Railway Station, which lies on the right bank of the Weser,
we follow the Victoria-Str. and Kaiser-Str. to (12 min.) the Wese?"
Bridge (view of the Porta Westphalica). Xear the W. end of the
bridge are a Statue of the Great Elector I'l 640-88), by Haverkanip,
and a War Monument. The Roman Catholic * Cathedral is a well-
proportioned edifice, of which the tower dates from 1062-72, the
nave from the end of the 13th cent., and the choir from 1377-79
(sacristan, Dom-Str. 12). Rich window-tracery. The cathedral treas-
nry contains valuable works of art. The Bathaus^ in the market-
place, has arcades of the 15th century.
From Minden to Uchfe (p. 39), 18 M.. light railway in I1/2 hr. At
(41/0 M.) Todtenhausen a monument commemorates the Battle of Minden
(Aug. 1st., 1759), in which the French were defeated by an Anglo-
Hanoverian army under Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick.
1681 ., M. Biickeburg 197 ft.; Bahnhofs-Hotel, R. from 2,
D. 11 2-3 'Jt; Deutsches Haus, R. 2-4, B. 1 ,, D. 1^ ^-S .^, both
good; Berliner Hof; Ratsleller\ the capital of the principality
of Schaumburg-Lippe, is a dull town, with 5700 inhab.. a palace,
and a pleasant park. The Protestant church, in the baroque style,
erected in 1613, bears the appropriate inscription, ^Exemplura
Religionis Xon Structurae\
The '^Papenbrink (994 ft.), 4 M. to the S. (we follow the Rinteln road
to Klein-Bremen, and beyond it turn to the left), commands an extensive
panorama. The descent may be made to Rinteln (p. 46) via Todenmann
in 1 hr. — About 3^,2 M. to the W. of Biickeburg are the small sulphur-
baths of Nammen: and 41/2 M. to the S.E. are those of Eilsen (see below).
176 M. Stadthagen /Stadt Bremen; Stadt London), an ancient
town (6000 inhab. I with an old chateau and Rathaus il6th cent.),
chalybeate baths, and many timber-buildings.
From Stadthagen a branch-railway runs to (12 M., in 1 hr.) Rinteln
(p. 46;, via (8 M.) Eilsen fRinne, R. from 21/2 'JC: Kurhaus), with sulphur
and mud baths. From Eilsen a walk of 4 hrs. may be taken via the
Luhdener Klippen. Steinbergen, and Arensburg to the Paschenburg (p. 46).
From 1 186 M.' Haste a branch-line runs via the baths of Xenn-
dorf I'Hot. Cassel; Hot. Hannover) to (15 M.) Weetzen (p. 46). —
190 M. Wunstorf(^o]).VoOO', Bahnhofs-Hotel; Ritter), the junction
for Bremen (p. 101 1, with a monastery founded in 871 (now occupied
by a community of noble ladiesi.
From ^Vr:^STORF to Uchte. 32 M.. lieht railwav in 3 hrs. — ^/^ M.
Wunstorf- Stadt. — 5 M. Steinhude (pop. 1750: Strand Hotel), on the E.
bank of the Steinhuder Meer, a lake 3 M. in width. On an artificial
island in this lake launch in 10 min. ; 25 pf.) Count Wilhelm zur Lippe
(d. 1777) erected the Wilhelmstein , a small model fortress, where he
established a miltary school. The fortress contains a collection of can-
non and weapons of' various kinds. — 12^ o M. Bad Rehburg ^Eerzog
von Cambridge, R. 11/2 -2V2 «^; ^if^iicke: visitor's tax 10 JCj, on the E.
side of the Lhccumer Berg (528 ft.), is a pleasant watering-place, with
to Berlin. STENDAL. 5. Bonfe. 39
mineral baths and whey-cure. — I8V2 M, Loccum has a Cistercian convent,
founded in 1163, with a Romanesque church. Tliis now belongs to a
Lutheran seminary, and the lecture-room has been adorned with good fres-
coes by Edw. von Gebhardt. — We cross the Weser. — 32 M. Uchte, see p. 38.
203 M. Hanover, see p. 71.
From Hanover to Leipzig via Magdeburg, 165 M., railway in 5-6 hrs.
(fares 24^10, 17^^90, 12 c^ 50 pf.). — At (10 M.) Lehrte (see below)
tlie line diverges from the Stendal and Berlin line and runs via (16 M.)
Hdmelerwald (branch to Hildesheim, p. 83) and (22 M.) Peine (Tilllmann)
to (33 M.) Gross-GleicUngen (p. 47) and (38 M.) Brunswick (p. 84). From
Brunswick to (91 M.) Magdebui'g, sec pp; 47, 48; from Magdeburg to
(165 M.) Leipzig, see R. 36b. Through-carriages by this line run to Dresden
and Vienna.
213 M. Lehrte^ the junction of the Harburg (R. 17), Bnmswick
(see above), and Hildesheim (15 M.; p. 79) lines.
From (238 M.) Isenbilttel branch-railways run to (19 M.) Brun-
swick (p. 84) and to (22 M.) Wittingen and (341/2 M.) Wieren (p. 40).
246^2 ^^' Fallerslehen^ where the poet Hoffmann von Fallers-
leben (1798-1874) was born, is the junction of a branch -line to
(I81/2 M.) Brunswick (p. 84). — 252 M. Vorsfelde, to the left of which
is Schloss Wolfshurcj ; 258 M. Oebisfelde^ the junction of lines to
(27 M.) Brunswick, to Magdeburg (p. 49), and to Salzwedel (p. 40);
27672 M. Gardelegen (Deutsches Haus, R. 2, D. l^/g ^), an old
town with dilapidated walls and a Romanesque church (8200 inhab.).
296 M. Stendal. — Hotels. Rudolphi, Breite-Str. 11 ; Schwarzer
Adler, Kornmarkt 5, R. from 2, D. 11/2-2^^; Prinz Leopold von Bay em,
Breite-Str. 81, R. from 21/4 JC; BaJinhofs-Hotel, by the station, R. 13/^-
21/4, D. l^/^JC. — HaiipVs Restaurant; Rail. Restaurant; Vienna Cafe.
— Tramway from the station through the town to the Uenglinger Tor
(10 pf .).
Stendal^ on the Uchte, a town with 33,300 inhab., founded in
the 12th cent, by Albert the Bear, was once the capital of the Alt-
mark. From the Railway Station we follow the Bahnhof-Str., pass-
ing a bust of 6r. Nachtigal (1834-85), the African traveller (born at
Eichstedt, near Stendal), to (12 min.) the T angermilnder Tor, a
gate dating from ca. 1460. Thence we proceed to the left, along
the Hospital-Str., to the Cathedral (verger. No. 12 Hall-Str.), a
noble late-Gothic structure, founded in 1188 and restored in 1893.
The nave dates from 1423-66, and the W. portions with the towers,
in the transition style, are from 1257. The choir contains fine
stained glass of 1480. The Grothic cloisters (13th and 15th cent.)
are now fitted up as a Provincial Museum (open free on Sun., 11-12,
and Thurs., 2-3; at other times on application to the keeper, Weber-
Str. 15). The imposing late-Grothic Marien-Kirche was completed
in 1447. Adjacent is the late-Grothic Rathaus, in front of which
is a Roland's Column of 1525. To the E. of the Marien-Kirche
is a bronze statue of the celebrated archaeologist Winckelmann
(1717-68), a native of Stendal. The * Uenglinger Tor, to the KW.
of the town, is a richly decorated brick structure of ca. 1440.
40 Boute 3. SALZ^VTEDEL.
A branch-railway runs from Stendal to (6 M.. in V^^^O Tangermtlnde
(Schicarzer Adlerj, a town with 12,800 inhab., picturesquely situated on
the lofty bank of the Elbe. It was long the residence of the Margraves
of Brandenburg, and is remarkable for its highly ornate brick-buildings
of the 14th and 15th centuries. It is surrounded by a wall, still in fair
preservation. From the Raihcay Station we proceed via the Bismarck-Str.
and the cemetery to the Hiihnerdorfer Toi\ a town-gate of 1470. A little
to the S. are the remains of the Burg, which was destroyed in the Thirty
Years' War. It was built by Emp. Charles IV.. a bronze statue of whom
(by L. Cauer; 1900j stands in the Burg-Platz. We now descend to the
river and then ascend from the Rosspforte to the old town, with the
Stephans-Kirche (Prot.), erected in the Gothic style under Charles IV.
and in the 15th cent, (key at Pfarrhof 5; 1-5 pers. 50 pf.). In the
market-place, to the W. of the church, is the *Rathaus, a picturesque
brick building with a fine gable (2nd half of 15th cent. ; restored in 1850).
Farther to the S.W. are the Schrot-Turm (154 ft. in height) and the
Xeustddter Tor (1415-40).
From Stendal to Bremex. 145 M. , in 31/2-6V2 ^^^- Country ilat
and uninteresting. The most important station is (35 M.) Salz'wedel
(Deutscher Hof, Schwarzer Adler, R. 2-21/4, D. 23/^ jcj. on the navigable
Jeetze, one of the oldest places in the Mark (11,100 inhab.), containing
several interesting buildings. The chief of these are the AmtsgericM
or District Court, the old Rathaus (end of the 15th cent.), containing a
collection of antiquities (open free on Sun. in summer, 11.30 to 1); the
3Iarien~Kirche, of the 13-14th cent.; the Katharineii-Kirche, begun in
1247, altered in the 15th cent.; the Lorenz-Kirche (Rom. Cath.), of the
13th and 14th cent.: and a number of late -Gothic timber buildings.
Branch-line to Oebisfelde, see p. 39. — 58 M. Wiei^en. — 56 M. Uelzen
(p. 113) is the junction for Hamburg and Hanover. — From (99 M.)
Soltau (pop. 4860; Meyer's Hotel; a branch-line runs to (28 M.) Buch-
holz (p. 133), and another through the Liineburg Heath via Walsrode to
Hanover (54 M.). — 109 M. Visselhouede is connected by a branch-line
with (91/2 ^^■) Walsrode, — At (127 M.) Langwedel our line joins that
from Hanover (p. 101). — 145 M. Bremen, see p. 101.
From Stendal to Hamburg (120 M.) and to Magdeburg (36 M.), see
R. 36 ; to Wittenberge, see also R. 36. — Light railway to Arneburg (9 M.).
Beyond 301 31.* Hdmerten the train crosses tlie Elbe. —
304 M. Schonhausen (Filrst Bismarck; Rail. Restaurant^
both unpretending), the property of the Bismarck -Schonhausen
family since 1562, and the birthplace of Prince Bismarck (1815-98).
The mansion is not accessible, but the 'Museum' contains gifts
presented to the prince lopen until dusk, fee; closed on Sun.).
317\ 2 ^' Rathenoiv (Deutsches Haus; Grosser Kurfiirst), a
town of 23,100 inhab.. on the right bank of the Havel^ manufac-
tures glass and spectacles. It has statues of Emp. William I.,
General von Rosenberg, and the Great Elector. Branch -line to
Xeustadt (p. 157) and light railway to (9^2^-) P^^li^^^^^^(P- ^^^)-
— Several unimportant stations.
3541/2 ^- Spandau ( Friedrichshof ; Kaiserhof, both at the
station i, at the confluence of the Spree and the Havel, with 70,000
inhab., is strongly fortified and contains extensive military establish-
ments. The imperial military reserve fund of six million sterling
is kept in the imposing old Julius Tower in the Citadel. See
Baedeker's Berlin and its Environs (1908).
366 M. Berlin, see p. 1.
41
4. Prom Cologne to Berlin via Hildesheim.
368 M. Railway in 9V2-1^V4 l^i's. (express fares 47 JC 80, 29 JC 20, 1% JC
70 pf. ; ordinary fares 45 JC 80, 27 JC 20, 17 Ji 70 pf .)• Dining and sleeping
cars are attached to the principal (D) trains.
From Cologne to (44 M.) Hagen via (28 M.) Elherfeld, (30 M.)
Barmen J and (35 M.) Schwelm, see Baedeker^ s Bhine.
44 M. Hagen. — Hotels. In the town: Glitz, R. 21/4-3, B. 3/^,
D. I1/2-2V2J omn. V2 «^? "^'CiT fair; 3Ionopol. Near the railway-station:
Limenschloss, R. 21/2-8, B. 1, D. 11/2-21/2-^; Rotner, R. 2-3, B. 1, D. 1 1/2-3 c^,
very fair; Russmann ; Victoria; Deutsches Haus. ■ — Restaurants at
the Romer (wine), Glitz, Limenschloss, and Monopol hotels ; Rail. Restau-
rant, very fair; Ratskeller. — Cafes. Hohenzolleni ; Tigges. — Post &
Telegraph Office, at the main railway -station. — Tramways from the
rail, station through the town to Eckesey, Haspe, Cabel, Hohenlimburg,
and Iserlohn.
Hagen (365 ft.), a flourishing town with 85,000 inhab., extends
along the valleys of the Volnie and Ennepe and contains large
iron-works and textile mills. The chief object of interest for the
stranger is the *Folkwaxg Museum, which contains pictures
(French and German school), sculptures, Japanese and Chinese
objects, old furniture, and collections of natural history and eth-
nography (open on week-days 9-1 and 2 till dusk. Sun. 11-1; adm.
1 ,Jl). — The Rathaus and the Artisan Colony may also be
mentioned.
From Hagen to Dortmund, 20 M., railway in 1 hr. — The train
follows first the Ennepe and then the Volme and next crosses the Ruhr
by a lofty viaduct. — 21/2 M. Herdecke (Zweibrucker Hof, R. & B. from
2V2 ^)7 3. town of 5200 inhab., the junction of lines to Diisseldorf (p. 32),
Essen (p. 32), and other points. About 5 M. to the N.E. is the Hohen-
Syburg (p. 34). — We now skirt the Kaisbcrg (r.), where Charlemagne is
said to have once encamped; the tower on the top (adm. for 1-4 pers.
50 pf .) is a monument to Baron Stein , the eminent Prussian minister
(d. 1831). — The train again crosses the Ruhr. — 5 M. Wetter (pop. 8000;
Strandes), picturesquely situated on a height, with a ruined castle and
a belvedere. Volmarstein (p. 33) lies about IV2 M. to the S. — 91/2 M.
"Witten (Konig von Preussen; Dimnehacke, R. & B. from 3, D. IV2-2 e^J,
an industrial town with 35,800 inhab., pleasantly situated on the Ruhr.
Fine view from the Helenenturm (1/4 hr.). Electric tramways run to Bochum
and other points. — 20 M. Dortmund, see p. 33.
From Hagen to Siegen, 66 M. , railway in 2-31/2 hrs. This line
(Ruhr-Sieg-Bahn) connects the busy and picturesque valley of the Lenne
with the coal-measures of the Ruhr. — 11 M. Hohenlimburg (400 ft.), a
small town with 12,800 inhab., is commanded by the chateau of Prince
Beutheim on a precipitous wooded height (*View from the top). — 13 M.
Letmathe (423 ft.; Bohe , R. 2-4 J^), with 6300 inhab. and a large zinc-
foundry near the station, is the ] unction for Iserlohn and Frondenberg
(see below). — 19 M. Altena (522 ft. ; Markischer Hof, R. 2-3 JC; Post) is
a picturesquely- situated little tow^n, with the ancestral 8chloss of the
old Counts von der Mark. Pop. 14,000. The grounds on the hills to the
S. of the castle afford beautiful views. Conspicuous war-monument. —
From (38 M.) Finnentrop (770 ft.) a branch diverges to Olpe (1070 ft.)
and (201/2 M.) Rotemilhle. — 66 M. Siegen (Deittscher Kaiser, R. from 2,
D. 21/40^; Goldner Lotve, R.&B. 2c^80pf., both very fair), a busy old
mining town (25,200 inhab.), with two castles of the extinct Princes of
42 P^oi'.te 4. SOEST. From Cologne
Xassaii-Siegen, Rubens (1577-1640) was born here while his parents were
living in exile. Comp. also Baedeker's Rhine.
At Betzdorf, lOV-, ^I- beyond Siegen, the line unites with the Cologne
and Giesseu railway (see Baedeker's Rhine).
From Letmathe to Iserlohn and Froxdexberg. 151/2 ^-5 branch-
line in IV4 hr. The train crosses the Lenne. To the left rise two detached
rocks styled the 'Pater' and "Xonue". near which is the Gn'irmanns-Hdhle.
— 1V_> M. Dechenhohle. The ^Dechen-Hohle, a highly-interesting
stalactite cavern (admission in summer. 1-3 pers. 1 c^ 20, 4 or more pers.
40 pf. each), lighted with electricitv, extends about 330 vds. into the hill.
31^ M.'iserlohn (810 ft. ; Sander, R. 2^^ J6, good; HohenzoUern,
R. & B. 3-5 .JC : Schi'jan). with 29,600 inhab., is one of the most important
manufacturing places in Westphalia, the chief products being iron and
brass wares, needles, and wire. The picturesque environs are crowded
with factories of every kind. The Stadt-Kirche contains a fine carved
altar of the 15th century. Xear the station is the Alexander-Hohle, a
place of popular resort, whence a pleasant walk, commanding admirable
views, may be taken along the Kidturiceg. — 151/2 ^- Frondenberg {^. 55).
The train crosses the Ruhr jnst below its confluence with the
Lenne. From (50 M.i Westhofen (fWittekind) an electric railway
ascends to the tower of Hohen-Syhurg (p. 34), which rises on an
abrupt hill to the left (return-fare 45 pf.).
521 ^^ 3x. Schwerte (Sternherg: Kaiserhof, R. 21/2-4, B. 11/2-
2iy2 ^/^y. an industrial town of 13.100 inhab., with a Romanesque
church, altered in the early-Gothic period (carved altar of 1523;
stained-glass windows of the 14-1 5th cent.}, is the junction for the
line to Arnsberg and Cassel iR. 61.
From (58 M.) Holzwickede a branch diverges to (IO1/2 M.)
Dortmund (p. 33). — 63 M. Unna (Strube; Xiemeijer, R.' 2-3,
D. 1^ 4 ^), a town of 16,300 inhab., with salt-works, the junction
for Hamm and Dortmund (R. 3).
A branch-line runs hence to (6 M.) Kamen (p. 34) via (21/2 M.) Unna-
Konigsborn, station for Konigsborn (Karhaus, R. 3-5. B. 1. D. 21/2;
pens. 5-6 JCj, with thermal saline springs.
81 M. Soest. — Hotels. Overiceg, R. 21/2-4, B. 3/^, D. from I1/2,
omn. 1/2 ^- ^'^I'v fair: Vosicinkel. R. & B. 2^/4, omn. 1/2 ^; Central. —
Railway Restaurant. D. (12-2j l^j^JC; Andernach's Kornstubchen, Thomii-
Str. 31. with c[uaint old equipment.
Soest (320 ft.), an old town with 17,700 inhab., in the fertile
Soester Borde. is mentioned in documents as early as the 9th cent,
and afterwards became a fortified Hanseatie town of much im-
portance. The town is still partly surrounded by a broad rampart
and contains some interesting frame-houses.
From the Bailway Station we proceed to the S. to (12 min.)
the Bathau.s, an edifice of 1701, with interesting archives. Opposite,
to the AV., is a bronze Statue of Entp. William /., by Geyer (1888j.
To the S. rises the Romanesque Cathedral of St. Patroclus^ dating
from the 12th cent., with a facade recalling those of the municipal
buildings of Italy (sacristan, Osthofen-Str. 1). The mural paintings
in the choir ^restored) were executed in the second half of the
12th centurv. The sacrist v contains chasubles of the 15th cent., an
to Berlin. PADERBORN. 4. Route. 43
embroidered cushion of the 12th cent., and an altar-cross by Ant.
Eisenhoidt. — The Petri-Kirche, to the W. of the cathedral, also
dates from the 12th century. — The Chapel of St. Nicholas^ a
little to the S. (shown by the cathedral verger), contains mural paint-
ings (restored) of the best Romanesque period (1231); the altar-
piece, the masterpiece of Conrad of Soest (early 15th cent.), is now-
kept at the deanery. — In the Kasernen-Str., No. 22, is the Btirghof
or Lohof a Gothic residence of 1559, with a Renaissance balcony
of 1601. The adjacent Burghof Chapel (Romanesque; 12th cent.)
now serves as a museum. — The Osthof en-Tor (1526), on the E.
side of the town, is the only surviving town-gate. — The church
of St. Maria zur Hohe or Hohne-Kirche contains mural paint-
ings of about 1250 (restored). — A little to the N. is the Gothic
Wiesen-Kirche ('St. Mary of the Meadow'), founded in 1314, com-
pleted in the 15th cent., and restored in 1850-52 (sexton, Wiesen-
kirchhof 10). The picturesque apse should be observed. The church
contains an altar-piece of 1473 (Westphalian School) in the N.
aisle, and another (with wings), formerly ascribed to Heinrich
Aldegrever but now to Gert van Lon. The stained glass in the
window (15th cent.) over the N. side-entrance represents the Last
Supper, at which the Westphalian ham, the staple dish of the
country, takes the place of the Paschal lamb. On the S. wall, to
the right of the pulpit, hangs a curious embroidered altar-cloth
of the 14th century.
Drilggelte, on the road to Arnsberg (p. 56), 7 M. to the S. of Soest,
possesses a curious twelve-sided chapel of the middle of the 12th century.
From Soest to Brilon, 34 M., branch-railway through the Mohne-
Tal in 2 hrs. — 19 M. Belecke (see below); to Lippstadt and Warstein,
see below. — 31 M. Brilon, see p. 56.
From Soest to Hamm (p. 34), 15 M., railway in 35-40 minutes. This line
forms part of the direct route from Cassel to Miinster and Emden (R. 12).
84 M. Sassendorf (Lohofer), with small salt-baths. — 94 M.
Lippstadt (Koppelmann, R. from 2 t//l ; Bahnhofs- Hotel) ^ a town
with 15,500 inhab., on the Lippe. The extensive Marien-Kirche is
in the transition style of the 12-13th centuries.
A branch-line diverges here to (16 M.) Belecke (branch to Brilon and
Soest, see above) and (19 M.) Warstein (Bergenthal), near which are the fine
stalactite Bielstein Caverns (adm. 75 pf.). — From Lippstadt to 3Iunster
and to Beckicm, see p. 35.
121 M. Paderbom. — Hotels. Weisser Schican, R. 2Vi-4, D.
21/4, omn. V2 ^7 good cuisine; Gerhaulet, R. & B. 2^12 JC: Westfdlischer
Hof, R. 2-3, D. 2 JC; Union, R. I1/2-2V2, B. 3/^ JC; Bahnho fa-Hotel. —
Raihvay Restaurant. — Wine at Kirchmeyer's and Gortz's. — Tramicay
from the main railway-station via the Bahnhof-Str., the Friedrich-Str.,
and Neuhauser-Str. to Neuhaus and (5 M.) the Sennelager.
Paderhorn (394 ft.), an ancient town with 27,800 inhab., where
Charlemagne held a diet in 777, has been an episcopal see since
795 and a town since 1000. A few towers of the old fortifications
still stand, but the ramparts have been converted into promenades.
44 ^oute 4. PADERBORX. From Cologne
From the Main Railway Station we proceed past the Herz-
Jesu-Kirche and the Franciscan Convent (17th cent.) to the i}!^ hr.)
Bathaus, a stone building of the 13th cent., with a W. facade of
1612-16 (restored in 1877-80). The interior contains a beautiful
hall, a fine staircase, and a collection of antiquities (Sun., 11-12).
A little farther on, on the X. side of the market-place, stands
the CathedpvAl, which has been repeatedly ravaged by tire, and was
restored in 1891-93. The crypt and the massive W, tower belong
to the original Romanesque building (ca. 1143); the rest dates from
the 13th century. The principal *Portal, on the S. side, is adorned
with Romanesque reliefs of the Crucifixion, the Virgin Mary, saints,
and dignitaries. The sculptures on the lower part of the S. side
of the E. transept, from the early-G-othic period, consist of New
Testament subjects and of a frieze with animals from the old
Grerman lore.
Interior (sacristan. Dielen 2). In the X. transept are a finely-carved
late-Gothic altar and ciborium of the 15th century. The choir contains
the monuments and brasses of several bishops and a small relief in ala-
baster (12th cent.?). In the treasury is the silver Beliquary of St. Li-
boi'iiis. placed here in 1627 as a substitute for one carried off by Duke
Christian of Brunswick in 1621. Other valuable objects of art are a
reliquary of 1100,. two silver chalices of the 12th and 15th cent., and
silver statues of SS. Kilian and Liborius, of the 14th century.
On the N. side of the cathedral is the old Chapel of St. Barthol-
omew^ erected in 1009-36 by Italian builders, restored in 1852,
and containing dome-like vaulting, borne by slender columns. Be-
neath the cathedral and on its X. side the Pader takes its rise
from various springs, which account for the name of the town,
Pader-Born^ or 'source of the Pader'. Some of them, such as the
^^aschpader. near the Kaiser-Karl-Bad, are quite warm. — The
Protestant Church (Ahdinghof-Kirche), a flat-roofed basilica with
two towers, originally built in 1031, was destroyed in 1806 and
rebuilt in 1871. The Busdorfs-Ki7^che (14th cent.) was originally
erected on the model of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre at
Jerusalem. By the choir is a large Romanesque candelabrum, with
seven branches.
The Inselhad Sanatorium, with mineral springs (60° Fahr.), is 1 M.
to the ]Sr.W. of the market-place.
Paderborn is connected by railway with (7 M.) Lippspringe (460 ft. ;
Kurhaas, open in summer only, R. 2-8. D. 21/0-^0^; Wegener: Schlepper ;
Braclx:mann . R. I1/2-2 c^), a' watering-place with 3100 inhabitants. It
possesses a. nitrogeuons thermal s-piing (Arminius-Quelle : 70° Fahr.), con-
taining Glauber's salts, which is beneficial in the case of chest-complaints
(visitors" tax, 1 pers. 18. 2 pers. 30 J^). The sources of the Lippe burst
copiously from the earth here at two places; one of these. 1/2 M. to the X.
of the Kurhaus, was called the Jordan, in commemoration of the baptism
of Charlemagne's Saxon converts : the other rises near the mineral spring,
below the lofty ruins of the old castle, which was founded before 1310
by the Paderborn Chapter. — From Lippspringe via (2 M.) Schlangen to
the Externsteine (p. 37), 8 M. ; from Schlangen the old highroad leads
through fine avenues of oaks to (71/2 M.) DetnwJd (p. 36),
to Berlin. PYRMONT. ^. Route. 45
Other branch -railways run from Padcrborn to (27V2 ^^O Bielefeld
(p. 35) and to (41 M.) Br lion (see p. 56).
The railway now crosses the Dune Viaduct^ 84 ft. high, im-
mediately beyond which is another, 114 ft. high, crossing the Beeke
Valley.
124 M. Altenbeken (879 ft.), the junction for Kreicnsen and
Magdeburg (R. 5), for Herford via Detmold (p. 36), and for (23 M.)
Warburg (p. 56) and Cassel (R. 6).
The train now passes through the Egge Hills by a tunnel 1 M.
long. 129 Y2 M. Himmighausen (p. 36); 143 M. Schiede?' (Skidrio-
burg), with a chateau and park of the Prince of Lippe. The train
crosses the Emmer. 1487^ ^^- Lilgde^ with a late -Romanesque
church (to the right).
149 M. Pyrmont. — Hotels. ^Furstliches Kur-Hotel, R, from 3,
B. IV4, D. 31/2, 8. 21/4, board 6V2, omn. 1 JC; '^Grosses Bade-Hotel, Brunnen-
Platz, R. from 21/2, B. I1/4, D. 3, pens, from 7 ^; Rasmusseji, Haupt-Allee,
R. 3-5, B. IV4, D. 23/^-4, pens, from 10^; Krone, R. & B. 23/4-5, D. 2V2,
pens, from 6 JC : Lipplscher Hof; Waldecker Hof, R. & B. 23/4-31/2, D.
13/4-2, pens. 5-7 c^; Vietmei/er, R. 2-3, D. IV-j, pens. ^'^I^-^^^I^JC, these four
in the Brunnen-Strasse. — Restaurants. Kurhaus ; Knierim ; Giftbude. —
Pension Villa Schilcking, 7 ^: ChristUches Hospiz, from 41/2 <^; and
others. — Furnished Apartme)its numerous. — Visitors' 2\ix (after a
week) 20 JC, each addit. member of a family 10 JC. — Brine Bath 13/4-21/2,
Chalybeate Bath 13/4-21/2, Mud Bath 31/2-41/2 -^- — The Raihvay Station
(restaurant) is about I1/4 M. to the S. of the town; tramway (branch-line
to the Solbadehaus) 20 pf., cab with one horse 1, with 2 horses l^j.^JC. —
English Church Service in August.
Pyrmont (394 ft.), a pleasant little town (3900 inhab.) in the
valley of the Emmer , at the foot of the Bomberg, with mineral
springs which have been known since the 16th century, is a fav-
ourite watering-place, visited by about 25,000 patients annually
(season, May-Oct.). The principal springs are the chalybeate Hawpt-
quelle and the JSalzhrunnen, a saline sjDring near the station. The
water has exhilarating and refreshing properties. The Haupt-AUee^
an avenue extending from the Hauptquelle to the chateau of Prince
Waldeck, flanked with the Kurhaus, theatre, cafes, and shops,
is the chief rendezvous of visitors. About ^j^ M. to the N.E. of
the Hauptquelle is the Dunsthohle^ which exhales carbonic acid
(fee). — Excursions may be made to the Bombei^g (10 b3 ft.; cable-
tramway to the foot in 5 niin., return-fare 25 pf.), the Konigs-
herg, Friedenstal (pens, from 4^/2 zJl)^ and the Schellenherg.
Beyond Pyrmont the train crosses the Emmer. 153 M. Welsede.
At (I56Y2 M-) Emmei^tal (branch-line to Vorwohle, 20 M., in
2 hrs.) it quits the valley of the Emmer; on the hill rises the (3 M.)
chateau of Hdmelschenburg , a handsome Renaissance edifice of
1588-1612. We then cross the Weser and the Hamel, passing the
chateaux of Hastenbeck (right), where the Duke of Cumberland was
defeated by the French in 1757, and Ohr (left).
Baedeker's N. Grermanv. 15th Edit. 4
46 Route 4. HA]\IELN. From Cologne
161 M. Hameln. — Hotels. ^Schaper, Bahnhof-Platz, R. 2-4,
B. 1. D. 13,4-2^; Moyiopol. Deister-Str. : Thiemann, Sonne, both in the
Oster-Strasse; Bremer Schliissel, on the Weser, R. 11/0-21/4, D. 1 1/2-2 t^,
well spoken of. — Railway Restaurant : LieckerVs Wine Rooms, Oster-
Str. 42: Cafe Bornemann. cor. Pyrmonter-Str. & Brlickenkopf. — Post
Office, Oster-Str.. near the station. — Taximeter Cabs. — Omnibus to
the town 20 pf. — Motor Launch (in summer) to the Ohrberge (1/2 hr.).
Hameln^ an ancient town with 21,300 inhab., is pleasantly
situated on the right bank of the Weser , above the influx of the
Hamel. The salmon-fishery here is important.
From the Railway Station, on the E. side of the town, the centre
is reached via the Bahnhof-Str. and Deister-Str. In the Oster-Str.,
the W. prolongation of the latter, is the Ratten f anger haus (No. 28),
a Renaissance edifice of 1602.
The name refers to the old legend called the 'Rat Catcher of Hameln',
made familiar to English readers by Browning's ballad. It has been ex-
plained in various ways. One of the latest theories is based on the
alleged fact that some of the youth of Hameln were seized in 1284 with
the "dancing mania' ('cTioreomania'j, left the town, and never returned;
but it is possibly a distorted recollection of the Children's Crusade of
1211. An inscription on the Rattenfangerhaus records the legend, and in
the Thiewall is the Rat Catcher Fountain, by Fasterling (1885).
At the end of the Oster-Str. 1X0. 2) is the Hochzeitshaus. In
the market-place are the Gothic ^larkt-Kirche, the Rathaus (with
a museum of local antiquities), and the Renaissance Dempter House
(Xo. 7; 1607). The Biicker-Str. leads hence to the S. to the hand-
some Minster (Prot.), dedicated to St. Boniface, which was founded
in the 11th cent., rebuilt after a fire in the 14th cent., and thor-
oughly restored in 1870-75. Close by, to the "W., is the bridge over
the Weser.
The *Klut (855 ft.), a hill on the left bank near the town, once
fortified, is a good point of view and a favourite resort (cafe, etc.). On
the right bank are the forester's house of (I1/4 hr.) Heisenkiiche and the
summer-resort of Friedrichswald (pens. 4. Jc).
Steamboat in summer from Hameln to Miinden, see p. 67.
From Hameln to Haxover, 33 M., railway in about I1/2 hr. — 12 M.
Springe (Mej^er's Hotel), with a large deer-park belonging to the emperor.
In the foreground rise the wooded Deister Hills. — At (23 M.) Weetzen
diverges a branch-line for Haste (p. 38). Beyond (29 M.) Linden we cross
the Leiue. — 33 M. Hanover, see p. 71.
From Hameln to Lohne. 33 M., branch-line in l-li/^hr., descending
the beautiful vallev of the Weser. — l^^'^ M. Rinteln (pop. 5300; Stadt
Bremen. R. & B. 2i V3, D. li/o-2 .^), formerly the capital of the County
of Schaumburg, with a stone bridge across the Weser, was the seat of a
universitv from 1619 to 1809. Branch-railway to Eilsen and Stadthagen,
see p. 38\ The Paschenburg (1110 ft.; *View) is situated 6 M. to the
N.E.. and the Papenbrink (p. 38) 41/2 M. to the X. — 25 M. Vlotho (pop.
4700) : 29 M. Oeynhausen (p. 37). — 33 M. Lohne (p. 37).
Our line now diverges from that to Hanover (see above) and runs
to the E. (right) to (179 M.) Elze (see p. 69). At (183 M.) Nord-
stenimen (p. 69) we again diverge to the right and run towards the
E. to (201 M.) Hildesheim (see p. 79). Beyond Hildesheim the
train runs towards the X.^V. , passing some unimportant stations.
to Berlin. HELMSTEDT. 4. Route. 47
221 M. Gross- Gleidincjen is the junction of a line to (38 M.) Haiio-
ver (p. 71), via Peine and Lehrte (p. 39).
226 M. Brunswick (p. 84; *Rail. Restaurant)^ junction for
the Harz line (R. 48) and for Hanover (p. 71) and Seesen (p. 49).
The train skirts the ducal park and the chateau of Alt-Richmond
(comp. p. 92).
241 M. Konigslutter (673 ft.; Rail. Restaurant; JStadt-
keller)^ a small town (3300 inhab.) on the Lutter, with a church
of the 12-15th cent., and the modernized Schloss Lutter. — Above
the town and the village of Oherlutter is the former Benedictine
Abbey of SS. Peter and Paul, founded in 1135 in an earlier nun-
nery by Emp. Lothaire II., and now a lunatic asylum. The * Ckurchj
a Romanesque basilica, has a heavy W. fagade with two low towers,
which was added in the Gothic period. On the exterior of the choir-
apse is a Romanesque frieze with curious hunting-scenes; and on
the tower above the crossing is another frieze (15th cent.) with
various representations. The church contains the tomb of Lothaire,
his wife Richenza, and his son-in-law, Duke Henry the Proud, a
reproduction (1708) of the original Gothic tomb destroyed in 1690.
The Romanesque Easter candlestick (13th cent.) is interesting. The
remains of the handsome Cloiste^^s (ca. 1200) should be observed.
A pleasant excursion may be made from Konigslutter to Schoppoi-
stedt (pop. 3500; Deutsches Hans), past the Tetzel Monument.
251 M. Helms tedt (Petzold; Erhprinz; Ratskeller Restau-
rant), an ancient town with 15,400 inhab., was in 1576-1810 the
seat of a university. On the way from the station to the town is
the Benedictine abbey of St. Ludgerus^ founded in the 9th cent,
and secularized in 1803, the Church of which (partly rebuilt in
1556 and 1890) contains remains of the old pavement (1150; covered
by the present flooring). The lower part of the adjacent double
chapel probably dates from the Carlovingian era; the upper is of
the 11th century. Farther on is the Stephans-Kirche (13-15th cent.),
containing interesting tombs and carvings (interior restored in 1906).
The "^Juleum, or old university building, in the Renaissance style
(1592-97), has a tower (164 ft.), two fine gables, and handsome
portals. The town boasts of several handsome dwelling-houses of
the 16-1 7th centuries. To the W. of the Gothic Neumdrker Tor
(15th cent.) is the suppressed Augustine nunnery of Marienherg,
founded in 1176, now a school for ecclesiastical embroidery. The
church (key in the small house opposite the W. front) is Romanesque,
with a Gothic choir. The tower-chapels contain interesting mural
paintings (middle of 13th cent.) and antependia (13-14th cent.). —
A little farther on are the dolmens known as the Lilbhensteine.
About 21/4 M. to the S.E. of Helmstedt are Bad Helmstedt and the
Clara-Bad, two small watering-places with mineral springs.
The old Cistercian convent of Mariental, 41/2 M. to the N. of Helm-
stedt, possesses an interesting Romanesque church of the 12th century.
4*
48 P^oute 5. HOXTER. From Cologne
From Helnistedt a branch-railwav rims to the S. to (14 M.) Oebis-
felde (p. 39).
262 M. Eilslehen . the junction for Holzminden i'p. 49) and of
branch-lines to (15^ \ M. i Blumenberg (p. 311) and (20 M.) Neu-
haldenslehen. — 278 M. Sudenhurg[\i. 50), a suburb of Magdeburg.
280 M. Magdeburg < p. 49 1 : thence to (368 M.) Berlin, see R. 5.
5. From Cologne to Berlin via Holzminden
and Magdeburg.
359 M. Railway iu 113 ^-12 hrs. ^express-fares 47 JC 80. 29 JC 20. 18 JC
70 pf.: ordinary fares 45^80, 27^20, 17.^ 70 pf.). — Sleeping ears
are attached to the night-tiains.
From Cologne to (124 M.) Altenheken, see R. 4.
130 M. Driburg i661 ft.: Schaper : Englischer Hof, R. 2-3,
pens. 5-6 -Jn. a place with 2700 inhabitants. About ^/o M. to the
E. (omn. from the station 50 pf.^i lies Bad Dinhiu^g, among wooded
hills, with chalybeate springs and good baths (lodgings at the bath-
ing establishment, with 200 rooms: visitor's tax 12 t//^;. Excursions
may be made to 1^ 4 M.i the Tburg, (4 M.) Neuenheerse^ with an
old abbev-church. and other points.
137i\, M. BraM .Preussischer Hof). From (14:4. M.) Otthergen
a branch-line diverges to Xordhausen (p. 305) via Carlshafen (p. 57).
Xortheim p. 69i. and ^ulften -p. 306). On the hill to the right
are the white buildings of Schloss Fiirstenberg (p. 67).
150 M. Hoxter (Berliner Hof, R. & B. 3-4, D.2 Ji; Stadt
Bremen, R. 1^ ^-3. D. 2 ..^; Beichspost. R. & B. 2-2% ^;, an old
town with 7700 inhabitants. The Protestant Church of St. Kilian,
with two towers and a rectangular choir, was consecrated in 1075,
rebuilt in the Grothic style in 1391. and restored in 1882. It con-
tains a pulpit of 1595 and a font of 1631 (by Berent Kraft). Ad-
jacent is the Minoriten-Kirche. also Protestant, but at present un-
used, a fine Gothic edifice of ca. 1400, with one low aisle /^on the
S. side; apply to the verger of St..Kilian's). The Roman Catholic
Nicolai-Kirche, in the market-place, contains a lectionary with an
ornamental metal cover of the 14th centuiy. Among the interest-
ing Renaissance timber-buildings is the Heisferhofvrixh the restored
Tillij House in the AVesterbach-Strasse. The Bathaus, originally
of 1466. dates in its present shape from 1613. — Steamers ply on
the Weser from Hoxter to Munden and Hameln (see p. 67). Dili-
gence daily to Vorden and (16 M.i Sfeinheirn.
An avenue of chestnut-trees, passing the station, leads from Hoxter
to (1 M.) Corvey rDreizehn Linden. E. 11/2-1^4^ T>- from I'^UJC), once
the most celehrated Benedictine abbey in X. Germany, founded by Louis
the Pious in 822 and suppressed in 1803, now a principality belonging to
the Duke of Eatibor. The abbots were of princely rank. The castellated
building, with its numerous towers, farm-offices, and church, encloses
to Berlin. SEESEN. •'>. Boidc. 49
several courts. In the upper cloisters are portraits of all the abbots.
The chateau (adm. by ticket obtained at tlie hotel, 1-5 pers. IV2 JC) con-
tains a fine library of 60, 000 vols., of which Ifoffmcum vort Fallersleben
(p. 39), who is buried behind the church, was custodian from 1800 to 1874.
The train now crosses the Weser; on the left bank Jies Corvey
(see p. 48). — 155 M. Holzminden {Reichskrone, R. 2-2 1/21 ^'
1^/2-2 c//, good; Deatsches Haus^ R. & B. 2^2 ^^7 '<^^ the station),
a town with 9900 inhab,, possesses a modern school of engineering.
To the S. stretches the JSolling, a woody plateau rising up to 1730 ft.
Railway to Scherfede, see p. 56. — Beyond Holzminden we have a
passing glimpse of the Hoop-Tal^ with the old Cistercian convent
of Amehnifjsborn (founded in 1123).
182 M. Kreiensen (Railway Restaurant, D. 2, R. from
2 cx^J, the junction of the Hanover and Cassel line (R. 7). — 186 M.
Gandersheim (pop. 2800; Weisses Ross, R. 172"^ ^<^), ^m old town,
formerly the seat of a nunnery founded in 853. Fine Romanesque
abbey-church, dating from the end of the 11th century.
195 M. Seesen (Kroriprinz , R. IV2-2V2, D. 1^4 c^, good),
one of the oldest places on the margin of the Harz Mts. (4900 in-
hab.). From Seesen to Brunswick and to Nordhausen and Erfurt,
see R. 48; to Halle and Leipzig, sec R. 49.
199^2 ^^- Neuekrug, the junction of a branch-line to Grrauhof
(p. 83) and Vienenburg (p. 312). — 207^2 ^' Rinfjelheim, junction
for the branch -line from Hildesheim to Groslar (see p. 83). —
2131/2 M. Salzgitter (Ratskeller; pop. 2000), with salt-baths.
220 M. Borssum (Rail. Restaurant), the junction of the Brun-
swick and Harzburg line (p. 308); 234^2 M- Jerxheim., the junction
of the line from Brunswick to Oschersleben (p. 301) and Magdeburg.
— 2411/2 M. Schoningen (Stadtkeller ; Schwarzer Adler), a
small town (9300 inhab.), has some interesting wooden houses
of the 17th cent., one of 1593, the remains of a ducal Schloss (15-
17th cent.), and an early-Gothic church (15th cent.). — At (252 M.)
Eilslehen our line unites with that from Brunswick (p. 48).
271 M. Magdeburg. — Hotels. Near the Station: ^Central
Hotel (PI. a; B, C, 4), R. from 21/2, B. II/4, D. I1/2-3 Ji ; Continental
Hotel (PL b; C, 4), R. from 21/2, B. 1 JC, very fair; Fiirst Bismarck
(PI. c; C, 4), R. from 2, B. 1, D. l^jr^-2^UJC; Koch's Hotel (PI. d; B, 4);
Milller (Pl.e; C, 4), R. 2-3 c^, well sjioken of. — In the Town: *Magde-
burger Hof (PL f ; C, 4), Alte Ulrich-Str. 4, R. from 3, B. IV4, D. 21/2-
31/2 JC; Weisser Schwan (PLg; D, 4), Breite Wcg 160, R. 2Vr4:, B. 1,
D. 23/^^; Citij Hotel (PL h; C, 4), Alte Ulrich-Str. 3, R. 2V2-5, D. 2 JC ;
Stadt Prag (PL k ; D, 4), Bar-Platz lb, R. IV2-2V2, B. 1, D. 11/2-21/2-^;
Kaiserhof (PL 1; C, 4), Kutscher-Str. 21.
Restaurants. Wine: "^Bathanskeller , Alte Markt 15 (PL D, 4);
^Dankicarth & Bichters, Breite Weg 55, D. (1-3) 2 JC; ^Fuhrmann,
Himmelreich-Str. 4 (PL C, 4); Letzerich, "Wcinfass-Str. 5a; Zuin Stein,
Stein-Str. 6 ; 'Est EsV, Pralaten-Str. 1. — Beer : *Fursten7iof, Kaiser-Str. 94,
by the Stadt-Theater (PL C, 4); ^Central Bestaurant, Central Hotel;
*Franzi8kaner, Breite Wcg 174, D. (12-3) l^j^-'^JC; Franke, Schoneck-Str. 1,
D. VI2JC; SchuWieiss, Breite Weg 39, J). IJC; Stadt Prag (see above),
50 Route 5. jVIAGDEBURG. From Cologne
D. 1^'2<^' Wih'zhtirger Hofbrdu, Alte Markt 29; Automatic Bestaur ant ^
Alte Markt 12 and Breitc We2r26. — Cafes. HohenzoUern. Peters, National^
Breite TVeg 140, 20, and 12^. Dom, Oranien-Str. 12.
Baths^ Spielgarten-Str. 5a (PI. A. 3, 4) and Fiirsten-Str. 23 b (PI. D, 4, 5).
— River Baths, in the Alte Elbe.
Theatres. Stadt- Theater (PI. C, 4), see p. 51; WiJhelm- Theater
(PL D. 4 •. Victoria fPl. F. 4). a summer-theatre in the Werder: Central
(PL D. 2 . Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz. variety theatre. — Circus (PLD, E, 2),
Konig-Str. 62. — Concert Rooms. Furstenhof, Kaiser-Str. 94; Theater-
Garten, at the Stadt-Theater : Herrenkrug (p. 54}: Friedrich-Wilhelms-
Garten (p. 53).
Post & TelectRaph Office (PL C. 5). Breite Weg 204.
Taximeter Cabs. Per 1000 metres within the town, for 1-2 pers.
50 pf.. each 500 m. addit. 10 pf . : 750 m. for 3-4 pers. within, or 1-2 pers.
outside the town 50 pf., each 375 m. addit. 10 pf . ; at night (11-8), for
1-4 pers. within the town 500 m. 50 pf.. each 250 m. addit. 10 pf . ; waiting
10 pf. for each 5 min. : 35 lbs. of luggage free, 55 lbs. 25 pf.
Electric Tramways (with numbers corresponding to the following
list). 1. Sudenhurg 'V\. A. 8)-Kaiser-"Wilhelm-Platz (PL D. 2)-New Neu-
stadt. — 2. 5wcA:a?/-Breite-We2r- Kaiser -TVilhelm-Platz-A^^^' Neustadt.
— 3. Trf-sff/vV^Tjof-Alte-Markt^PL D, ■i)-Friedrichstadt. — 4. Olven-
stedter-Str.-AlXQ yLd^T^X- Grosse-Werder. — 5. Leipziger-Str. (PL A. 8)-
Hasselbach-Platz (PL B, 6) -Alte- Markt - OZ<Z Neustadt. — 6. Rathaus
(PL D. -i -Herrenkrug. — 7. Rinsr Line. Central Station fPl. B. 4)-Kaiser-
Wilhelm-Platz (PL D. 2)-Bottcher-Platz (PL E, F. 1)-Hasselbach-Platz
(PL B, 6)- Central Station.
I'nited States Consul, Frank S. Hannah; vice-consul, J. L. A.
Burrell. — Brit. Vice-Consul, E. Drake.
Chief Sights (i/., day). From the station by tramway to the Kaiser-
Wilhelm-Platz (p. 52): 'on foot by the Breite Weg (p. 52), Alte Markt
(p. 52). and Fiirsten-Wall to the Doni-Platz (p. 52; Cathedral, Liebfrauen-
Kirche). Hence by the Augusta-Str. to the Gruson Hot Houses in the
Friedrich-TTilhelms- Garten (p. 53), and thence by tramway to the Kaiser
Friedrich Museum (p. 51).
Magdeburg (135 ft.;, tlie capital and seat of government of the
Prussian province of Saxony, the headquarters of the 4th Army
Corps, and a fortress of the first rank, with 240.000 inhab. (includ.
suburbsi. is chiefly situated on the left bank of the Elbe, which is
here divided into three arms. It consists of the town proper and
the five suburbs of Sudenhurg and Buckau. to the S., Xeustadt, to
the X., Wilhelm stadt. to the W., and Friedrichstadt, to the E.,
on the right bank of the so-called Alte Elbe. An island in the river
is occupied by the Citadel ^1683-1702 1 As the point of intersection
of numerous railways. Magdeburg is also one of the most important
commercial towns in X. Grermany. It is the headquarters of the
German sugar -industry, and the cultivation of the beetroot from
which the suofar is obtained is carried on verv extensively in the
neighbourhood. The chief of its numerous industries are iron-
founding and machine-making.
Magdeburg, which was founded as a commercial settlement at the
beginning of the 9th cent., is chiefly indebted for its early prosperity
to^Emp. Otho the Great (936-973) and his consort Editha (see' p. 53). who
founded a Benedictine monastery here in 937. In 968 the town was raised
to the rank of an archiepiscopal see. In the 13-15th cent. Magdeburg was
a flourishing and powerful commercial place, with supremacy over an
4-k
r i^^, ^ Ni s; "^ s; •< v; Cl J. J .-- ^ L-; ;£ c> « r;
s— fjj-:«9-i-^:at-»ci2 — — — — — -^ — —
ikru^ 1 3 Vs Km
1
to Berlin. MAGDEBURG. 5. Route. 51
extensive territory, and a member of the Hanseatic League. The turbulent
citizens gradually threw off the archiepiscopal yoke , and towards the
close of tlie 15th cent, compelled the prelates generally to reside else-
where. As early as 1524 they eagerly espoused the cause of the Re-
formation. During the Thirty Years' War Magdeburg suffered terribly.
In 1629 it successfully resisted the attacks of Wallenstein during seven
months, but it was taken by storm by Tilly in 16.'31, and almost wholly
destroyed. Otto von Guericke, the inventor of the air-pump, was burgo-
master of the town from 1646 to 1680. After the Reformation the see
was presided over by the Protestant archbishops, and at length in 1680
became incorporated with the Mark of Brandenburg.
The chief street of the new quarter near the railway-station is
the Kaiser-Strasse (PL B, C, 6-3), which is flanked with handsome
and substantial buildings. Near the station is the Theatre (PI. C, 4),
in front of which is a bronze bust of the poet Karl Immermann,
a native of Magdeburg (1796-1840), by Echtermeier (1899). —
Farther to the S. is the —
*Kaiser Priedrich Museum (PL C, 5), a tasteful edifice by
F. Ohmann (1906), with a statue of the Emperor (by W. von
Glilme?') in front of it. Its collections of the arts and handicrafts
have been admirably arranged in chronological order by the Director,
Dr. Volbehr, It is open free on Tues.-Sat., 11-2 & 3-5 (winter 11-3),
and on Sun. and holidays, 11-12; adm on Mon. 50 pf. Illustrated
catalogue, 50 pf.
Ground Floor. We first visit four rooms illustrating the History
OF Magdeburg: la. Guericke Room (comp. above); lb. Guild Room;
2. Room with coins, documents, old views, and mural paintings hy A. Kamjjf ;
2a. Chapel. — Rooms 3-1-1 illustrate the phases in the Development of
THE Private House. R. 3 is Gothic, with Tyrolese fittings (15th cent.).
R. 4. Household fittings of the 15-16th centuries ; R. 5. Renaissance, with
ceiling and panelling from S. Tyrol (1590); R. 6 is of the 17th cent.; R. 7
is in the Italian baroque style, witli mirrors ; RR. 8 & 8a, 18th cent. ; R. 9,
style of Louis XVI., from S. Italy; R. 10, Empire; R. 11, style of the
2nd quarter of the 19th cent. ('Biedermeier') ; RR. 12 & 13 belong to the
period of the conscious revival of older fashions and illustrate the
developments of the ceramic and textile arts; R. 14, modern period. —
In RR. 15-20 are the Plaster Casts; in the side-rooms to the left, small
plastic originals (15-19th cent.).
Upper Floor. The staircase is hung with tapestry. At the top is
a bronze replica of Lederer^s Fencer (original at Breslau). To the left
are two Reading Rooms (21, 22), with engravings. R. 23 contains the
Exhibition of the Graphic Arts; adjacent is the collection of costumes.
— On the other side is the Gallery of the Older Painters (RR. 24-26).
R. 24: Four works by Lucas Cranach the Elder. R. 25: Nos. 6, 7. Jan
van Goyen , Landscapes ; 14. Rubens , Adoration of the Magi (sketch) ;
19. Mich. Sioeerts , Youths at dinner; 22. Karel du Jardin, Gamblers;
A. van Ostade, 28. Poultry-yard, 29. Pig-killing. R. 26. Works by
Menzel and other masters of the middle of the 19th century. — R. 27.
Water-carrier (marble), by Schaper. — Farther on Modern Paintings
AND Sculptures. Rotunda.' Bronzes by Const. Meunier. — R. 28. Works
by Dettmann (1), Bocklin (4), Corinth (6), Thoma (8), Lenbach (9), and
Bracht (10). — R. 29. Works by Ztigel (1), Uhde (3), Hofmann (4), and
Leistikow (6). — R. 30. Works by Gebhardt (2) and Seffner. The cab-
inets to the left contain portraits by Leibl. — R. 33. Cartoons by
Sascha Schneider; Man of Sorrows (bronze), by Hudler; Head of John
the Baptist (marble), by Rodin. — Through a Reading Room (34) we
52 P^oide 5. MAGDEBURG. From Cologne
now reach the Room of Drawdtgs (35). — Above the Rotunda (p. 51) is a
Cabiset of Coiss.
The Breite TTeg (PI. B, C, D, 6-2), the principal business-street of
Magdeburg, intersects the old town from X. to S., beginning at the
Kaiser-Wilheliu-Platz, which is adorned with an Equestrian Statue
of Emp. William I. (PL 6: D, 2), by Siemering (1897 j. TheBreite
Weg contains numerous handsome shops, and many of the houses in
it date from about 17(M). To the left, about V 4 M. from the Kaiser-
Wilhelm-Platz, is the Gothic Katharinen-Kirche PL B. 3), with a
tower of the 17th century. The inscription on Breite Weg Xo. 146,
^Qedenke des 10. Mai 16S1\ is a reminiscence of the capture of
the town by Tilly. The Miinz-Str., diverging to the W. a little
farther on, contains the Reichshank (PL 17) and a gable (adjoin-
ingi with some sculptures from the house of Burgomaster Guericke
ip. 51). On the opposite side of the Breite Weg is the Alte Markt
(PL D, 4), with the Ratham, built in 1691 and enlarged in 1865.
In front of the Rathaus rises the *Monuineiit of Emperor
Othb I. !(PI. 10), an equestrian figure. 8 ft. high, on a pedestal
18^ 2 ft. in height, erected by the municipality about 1290. At the
comers are four men in armour, and beside the emperor are two
allegorical female figures. The statues are all in sandstone and of
life-size. At the S. end of the Alte Markt is the Exchange (end of
17ih cent.)). — In the little square to the X. is a statue of Otto von
Guericke (PL 3; p. 51), by Echtermeier (19071 The Sparkasse or
Savings Bank (PL D, 3, 4) contains the Public Library (10-2;
26,000 volumes). In front of the Johannis-Kirche (PL D, 4) stands
a bronze Staiue of Lather (PL 9), by Hundrieser, erected in 1886.
Farther on, in the S. part of the Breite ^eg, is the imposing
new Past Office (PL C, 5), nearly opposite which is the Breite-Str.,
leading to the Dom-Platz PL C. D, 5). On the S. side of this
quiet square stands the * Cathedral PL C, 5), or Church of SS.
Maurice and Catharine^ a noble structure (length 390 ft., breadth
of nave 70 ft. ), erected after the destruction by fire (1208) of the
Benedictine church of Emp. Otho I. (p. 50). To the first quarter of
the 13th cent, belong the lower part of the choir and some of the
nave-piers, with their extraordinarily varied Romanesque capitals,
the details of which are essentially German in spirit. The upper
part of the choir and the early-Gothic ambulatory (ca. 1225; are
due to the master of Maulbronn. About the same time every
second nave-pier was remored and the aisles widened. After 1274
the nave was completed in a pure Gothic style, with retention of
the wide intercolumniation. The W. towers were not finished till
1520; that to the X. is 340 ft. in height: that to the S., begun in
1307, is destitute of finial. Verger in the cloisters (p. 53; 1 fjf).
The Choir, which contains richly carved stalls, is separated from
the nave by a late-Gothic Screen (1445). The antique columns below the
painted figures of saints and Saxon emperors (early 13th cent.) are sup-
to Berlin. MAGDEBURG. 5. Route. 53
posed to have been previously utilized in the earlier church of the Emp.
Otho I. 'd. 973}. who reposes beneath a simple marble slab in the choir. —
The Retko-Choir contains the tomb 1447 of Otho's consort Editha ^d. 947 .
daaj?hter of Edmnnd of England, two fine brasses, the painted figure of
St. Maurice, and a curious Chapel il3th cent.; with painted figures of
the imperial pair, — In the S. Traxsept are a Madonna and the tomb of
Archbp. Otho of Hesse (d, 1361). both in the Gothic style and painted. —
The Xave contains nnmerous other monuments of about 16CK). Pulpit in
alabaster. 1597. — In the Lady Chapel beneath the towers is the ^Mon-
ument of Archbishop Ernest d. 1513;. one of the earlier works of the
celebrated Peter Yischer of Nuremberg, completed in 1495; on the sarco-
phagus reclines the archbishop, on the sides are the Twelve Apostles. SS,
Maurice and Stephen, and a variety of decorations. Here also is a large
candelabrum, cast in 1494. probably by P. Yischer. — The stained-glass
windows are modem. — Outside the portal of the X. transept is the
so-called *Paradies-Pforte, a Gothic porch with figures of the Ten Virgins
'originally painted) and of the Old and Xew Covenant [ca. 1275;.
The Tower '438 steps; commands a fine view, to which, however,
that from the gallerj- <'166 steps} is almost equal. The handsome *C7o/*/er»
12-14th cent.; entr, on the E. side of the cathedral) are partly Gothic.
partly Romanesque; they contain old sgraffito embellishments'. To the
E. of the cloisters is the *Sepultur, an old burial-hall, in the Gothic
style.
Th- Museum of Natural History and National Anti-
quities PI. I). 5 . Dom-Plaiz 5, occupies the old Princes* Palace.
to which varions additions have been made. — To the S. of the
Museum are two Government Buildings 'PI. 15 «&: 16 .
A little to theX. of the cathedral rises theLiebfrauen-Kirche
PI. D, 5: sacristan, Grosse Kloster-Str. 4 or Church of Oor Lady.
begun about 1070 as a cruciform Eomanesque basilica, altered and
added to in the Gothic style about 1240. and restored in 1890-91.
The Romanesque *Cloisters «12th cent." and the abbey-buildings
have been converted into a school (entr.. Regierungs-Str. 4'.
The Furstenicall V\. D, 5 . on the Elbe, a favourite walk, affords
a good view of the cathedral-choir. At its S. end are pleasure-
grounds, with the Military Headquarters PL C. 61 and a bust of
Fr. Friesen «P1. 2: born at Mao^deburof in 1785*, a figure of some
prominence in the War of Liberation. — In the Bismarck-Platz
tPl. C, 6- is a bronze Statue of Frince BismarcJ:. bv Echtermeier
1899 .
The Friedrich-Wilhelms-Gaetex ,P1. C, 8» includes the
grounds of the once celebrated Kloster Bergen, founded in 937,
suppressed in 1810. and destroyed in 1812. The eminence on
which the latter stood is now occupied by a restaurant with ball-
rooms, etc. In the S.W. part of the park are the *Gruson Con-
servatories -open in summer 8-12 and 2-7. TTed. 8-11 and 1-3:
in winter to dusk. Wed. 10-4: free on Wed., 1 ^ on Mon.. 30 pf.
on other days . containing cacti, agaves, palms, and ferns, a Vic-
toria Regia house, and an aquarium. On the S. side lies the manu-
facturing town of Burkau p. 50 «. with numerous villas and the
large Gruson Iron Works 4000 hands . now belonging to the
54 Route 5. BRANDENBURG. From Cologne
Krnpp Co. 'p. 32 ». — Opposite, on the right bank of the Elbe (ferry i,
is the Rote Horn (PI. D, E, 8), a favourite park with two restau-
rants (Steamer from the Strombriicke, PI. E 4; 10 pf.).
At the N. end of the city is the Koxigix-Louisex-Gtarten (PI. D,
1, 2;, with a Statue of Queen Louise, by Gotz (1901). A little to
the E. is a Bust of Gutenberg (PL 4), also by Gotz (1901).
On the right bank of the Elbe, 2 M. helow Magdeburg, lies the
*Herrenl'rug .steamers from the Petriforder, PL E, F, 4, fare 10 pf.;
tramway, see p. 50).
The country between Mao-deburof and Brandenburo: is uninter-
esting. Beyond (277 M.) Magdehurg-Xeustadt we cross the Elbe.
286M.*5;/?T/ (Lachmund; Schulterblatt i, with 23,500 inhab.,
has large cloth-factories, founded by French Protestants who settled
here after the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. — From
(312 M.) Genthin a branch-line runs to Schonhausen (p. 40).
321 M. Brandenburg. — Hotels. Schwarzer Bar (PI. a; D, 3);
Schwarzer Adler (PI. b; D. 3), R. lV>-3, B. l^U JC, both good; Branden-
hurger Hof (PL e: D. 2). R. lVo-2. D. l-Ujo JC: Schwan (PL c; D, 2);
Dresdener Bof (PL d: E. 4\ R. from IV'-, c^." — Wixe Rooms. Cramer,
Steiu-Str. 8 (PL D, 3); Wiesike, Plauer-Str. 19 (PL C, 2). — Restaurants.
Ahlert's Berg (V\.C. i\ with garden and open-air theatre: Grave's Berg,
opposite: SfacZfj^a;-^' (PL D. 3i. Stein-Str. 42 : WiUielms- Garten, Schiitzen-
Str. 5 (PL E, 3. 4). — CAFis. Graf. Haupt-Str. 71 (PL D. 2): Osl'e.
Molkenmarkt (PL D, 2. 3). — Cabs. Per drive. 1-2 pers. 50 pf., at night
1 c*;, trunk 25 pf. — Tramways through the chief streets. — Post Office
(PL 8; D, E, 3), St. Annen-Str.
Brandenburg, a town with 51,900 inhab. (including a garrison
of 3600 men) and numerous factories, lies on the Havel, which here
forms a broad lake called the Plauesche See and divides the town
into the Altstadt. Xeustadt, and Dom-Insel.
Brandenburg occupies the site of Brennahor. a stronghold of the
Slavonic Hevelli. which was taken by Emp. Henry I. in 927. It after-
wards again fell into the hands of the Wends, but was taken in 1150 by
Albert the Bear, Count of Ascania, who thenceforth styled himself Mar-
grave of Brandenburg. The town was the seat of an episcopal see from
949 to 1544. Several interesting old buildings still exist.
From the main station (PL E, 4) we proceed by the Schiitzen-
Strasse and St. Annen-Strasse to the (1/4 hr.) Rathaus (PL C, 3),
dating from the 15th cent., hut rebuilt in 1720. Near it stands a
Eoland (1474; see p. 104i, 18 ft. in height. A little to the W. rises
the "Church of St. Catharine (PL D. 3; sacristan, Katharinen-
Kirch-Platz 4\ a late-Gothic brick edifice of the first half of the
15th cent., with a W. tower of 1585. The elaborate ornamentation
of the exterior is worthy of careful inspection, especially that of
the Corpus Christi chapel, adjoining the nave (comp. p. xxvii). In
the interior are a fine old altar of 1474, in carved wood, recently
gilded and painted, a bronze font of 1440, and plaster models of
the twelve apostles, the originals of which are on the Church of St.
to Berlin. BRANDENBURG. 5. Route. 55
Nicholas at Helsingfors. — We next follow the Stein-Str. to the
Steintor'Turm (PL 15, D 3 ; 100 ft. high), dating from the 14th cent,
and containing the collections of the Historical Society (key in the
Real-Gymnasium). We then return to the Rathaus and cross the
Molkenmarkt and the Miihlendamm, passing the Muhlentor-Turm
(1417) and the early-Gothic Petri-Kapelle (PI. 7 ; 13th cent.), to the —
Cathedral (PI. E, 1 ; sacristan, Zielgasse 52), originally a late-
Romanesque basilica of the early 13th cent., rebuilt in the Gothic
style in the 2nd half of the 15 cent., and restored in 1892. Over
the N. transept is a fine crow-stepped gable, and on the W. portal
are reliefs from the Beast Fable. In the choir is a good reredos of
1518, from Lehnin (see below), with carved figures and admirable
paintings. The small museum in the S. transept contains statuettes
of angels (1441), which served as candelabra, mediaeval vestments,
and winged altars. In the sacristy are charters and codices, in the
Romanesque crypt columns with late-Romanesque capitals.
The Grillendamm (PL D, E, 1) leads hence to the Altstadt,
where the church of St. Godehard (PL C, D, 1 ; sacristan, Kirch-
Platz 11), partly Romanesque of ca. 1200 and partly Gothic of
the 15th cent, (interior restored in 1905), and the old Altstadt
Rathaus (PL 1; C, 2), of the 15th cent., are the most interesting
buildings.
Fine view from the Marienberg (PL B, 1), an eminence (200 ft.) to
the N.W. of the town, on which rises a tower 114 ft. in height, designed
by the architect Stier, and adorned with reliefs by Siemering and Calan-
drelli, erected to the memory of about 4000 Braudenburgers who fell in
the wars of 1864, 1866, and 1870-71.
A light railway runs from Brandenburg (station beyond PI. D, 1) to
(21 M.) Nauen (p. 157).
The first station beyond Brandenburg is (330 M.) Gross-Kreutz,
connected by a light railway with (7^2 ^0 Lehnin (Preussischer
Hof), with the fine church of the old abbey of Himmelpfort,
founded in 1180 and restored in 1871-79. — As we approach
Potsdam, we obtain a fine view of the Havel, which the line crosses.
343 M. Potsdam, and thence to (359 M.) Berlin, see R. 2.
6. Prom Hagen (Cologne) to Cassel
via Arnsberg.
I26V2 M. Railway in 31/2-6 hrs. (fares 15 c^ 90, ^ JC 60, 6 c^ 40 pf. ;
express 17 JC 90, 11 c^ 60, 1 JC 40 pf.). — From Cologne to Cassel, 171 M.,
express in 51/4 hrs. (fares 21 JC 90, 14 JC 20 pf., 9 JC). Views to the right.
From Hagen to (8^2 ^0 /Schwerte, the junction for Soest and
Altenbeken, see R. 4. The line ascends the valley of the Ruhr. —
18 M. Frondenherg (413 ft.; Wildschiitz, R. & B. 27^-3 ^), with
3300 inhab. and a Cistercian church begun in 1225. Branch-line
to Iserlohn and Letmathe, see p. 42 ; to Unna, see p. 42.
o6 Route 6. ARNSBERG.
30^2 ^^- ^eheim-Hmten. Schloss Herdringen, II/2 M. to tlie
\V.. is the seat of Coant Fiirstenberg, the owner of some exquisite
goldsmith's work by ]\Ieister Anton Eisenhoidt of Warburg (1585-
16l8j. Near Arusberg the train crosses the Ruhr and passes through
a tunnel below the castle-hill.
351., M. Arnsberg Bail. Restaurant; Hasemann: Kur-
Hotel. R. 2-4 .//; Helmert. ^.kB. from 2, J). 1\.-,^// : Lindenhof:
Bahnhofs-Hotel ), once the capital of the ancient Duchy of West-
phalia, with 9200 inhab. and the old abbey of Weddinghausen
(founded in llTOi, is prettily situated on a height skirted by the
Ruhr. The hill (804 ft.) to the X., crowned with the ruins of a
castle which was blown up in 1762. commands a charming prospect.
Another excellent point of view is the Eichholz, a beautiful park
on the S. side of the town.
The winding river is crossed five times between Arnsberg and
Meschede. — 48 M. Meschede i860 ft.: Hartungi, an ancient town
(3300 inhab.) with a late-Gothic church.
Near (53V 2 M.; Bestwig (Bahnhofs-Hotelj opens the narrow
valley of the Valme, with lead and silver mines. — From (57V/2 M.)
Olsherg il217 ft.: Kahlei an excursion may be made to the *Kahle
Astenherg 2730 ft.', a fine point of view. Beyond Olsberg, on the
hill to the right,- are the huge Bruchhauser Steine. The train now
quits the Ruhr and penetrates the watershed between the Rhine
and Weser by a long tunnel. — 62 ^ ^ ^^- Brilon-Wald.
A branch-line runs hence to (ST^/., M.) Paderhorn (p. 4:B), via (41/2 M.)
Brilon :i490 ft. ; Rosenhaum, R. & B. 21/4. D. incl. wine i^'i.^JC), a town
with 5000 inhab.. mentioned as early as the year HOC. Brilon possesses
a large Romanesque church with a late-Gothic choir; the sculptures on
the X. portal are Romanesque (1150). Branch-line to Soest, see p. 43.
The line then descends the narrow Hoppeke-Tal. 78 M. Xieder-
Marsherg or Stadtherge 'Post: Klokei. a town of 4400 inhab., with
a large lunatic asylum and important copper-works, lies near the
foot of a hill, on which is situated the old town of Oher-Marsherg
(pop. 1300 1. once a strong fortress, but destroyed during the Thirty
Years War. This was the site of the ancient Saxon fortress Eres-
burg, near which stood the most celebrated of the 'Irmensiiulen',
or columns dedicated to the Germanic deity Irmin. The castle and
column were destroyed by Charlemagne in 772. The church of
St. Peter dates from the 12th and 13th centuries: in front of it
stands a Roland's Column ip. 104 1. The *Chapel of St. Nicholas is
an interesting structure in the transition style.
88 M. Scherfede (Rail. Restaurant), the junction of a line to
i30 M.) Holzminden (p. 49i. passing Wehrden and FUrstenherg.
94 M. "Warburg fDodt. R. & B. 2^ ..-3. D. 2 ^^J, an ancient
town (5300 inhab. r on the Diemel. is the junction of the railway to
Alfertbeken ip. 45). About 3 M. to the left rises a conical hill, sur-
mounted by the ruined tower of the castle of Desenberg.
CASSEL. 0. Rmdr. 57
From Warburg to Marburg, H7 M., railway in 5 hrs. — The chief
intermediate station is (151/2 M.) Arolsen (892 ft. ; Filrstenhof, R. & B.
21/2-5, pens. A-1 JC; Wal decker Ho f), with 2800 inhab., charmingly situat-
ed, the scat of Prince Waldeck, father-in-law of the late Prince Leopold
of England (Duke of Albany) , with a valuable collection of Porapeian
antiquities and Spanish firearms. ~ 1()V2 M. Frankenherij (Rail. Restau-
rant; Schmidtmann, R. I'^j^JC) has a 14th cent, church, adjoined by a beau-
tiful Gothic Lady Chapel (ca. 1380). — At (62 M.) Sarnau we join the line
from Creuztal to Marburg, see p. 336.
Beyond Warburg we obtain a view to the right of tlie pleasant
valley of the Dieniel. — 106^/\, M. Ililmme is the junction of a
branch-line to (IQi/o M.) Carlshafen (Schwan, R. & B. 272-8 .^ :
Kurhaus), a small town prettily situated on the Weser, whence
steamers ply in summer to Hanieln and Miinden (see p. 67).
110^ 2 ^^- Hofijeismar (pop. 4900; Hessischer Hof), with a min-
eral spring and baths; 114 M. Grehenstein (pop. 2300), with an an-
cient castle and watch-towers. — About 2 M. to the W. of (119^2 M-)
MmcheJiof, in a beautiful park, lies the chateau oi^Wilhelmstal,
built in 1753-67, containing handsome rococo decorations and
several pictures by Tischbein. The fountains play in summer on
Thurs. & Sun., 3.30 p.m. — 126V2 M. Cassel.
Cassel.
Hotels. Near the Station : *Schirmer (PL c ; D, 1), Friedrich-Wilhelm-
Platz, R. from 3, B. I1/4 JC ; *Hotel Royal (PL b; D, 1), R. 3-6, B. I1/4,
D. 3-4 cS ; *H6tel du Nord (PL a ; D, 1), both opposite the station ; Preusse
(PL g; D, 1), Kurfiirsten-Str. 4; Casseler Hof (PL i; D, 1), Kurfiirsten-
Str. 2, R. from 21/2, B. 1, D. 1^1^-2^12 JC, well spoken of; Monopol (PL h;
D, 1). — 1)1 the Inner Town: *K6nig von Preussen (PL e; E, 1), in the
Konigs-Platz, R. 3-6, B. IV4, D. 3-4 JC, first-class but somewhat old-
fashioned ; Central Hotel (PL f ; C, 2), HohenzoUern-Str. 23 ; Hot. Golze
(PL k; E, 1), Spohr-Str. 6, R. IV2-2V2, D. 2 c^; Deutscher Kaiser (PL d;
D, E, 1), Bahnhof-Str. 1, R. 2-3, D. 1V2-3 JC ; Thuringer Hof (PL n ; E, 1),
R. IV2-2 Ji. — Hotels at Wilhelmshohe, see p. 65.
Pensions. Frau Schneevoigt, Obere Konig-Str. 2 (PL D. E, 2 ; pens.
4-6 c^); Fran Siunpf, Humboldt-Str. 22 (PL C, D, 3 ; 41/2-71/2-^)-
Restaurants (in addition to the above-mentioned hotels). ^Filrsten-
berg, in the Hot. du Nord, D. (12-2) 2-3 c^ ; "^Gerhardt, Obere Konig-Str. 28
(PL D, 2), D. (12-3) 11/2 ^•, Palais -Bestaurant, Obere Konig-Str. 30,
D. iy.i-2JC; Kaletsch, Hohenzollern-Str. 28 (PL B, C, 1, 2), D. IV2 ^•,
RatskeUer , in the New Rathaus (p. 60); Filsener Urquell, D. IV2 ^^ ;
Automatic Restaurant, Wilhelm-Str. 25 (PL D, 2) ; Stadtpark, Wilhelm-
Str. 6, concert every evening in summer. — Wine. Le GouUon, Untere
Karl-Str. 14; Marqraf, Hohenzollern-Str. 34; Wipj)Unger, Oberste Grasse41.
— Cafe-Restaurant in the Karlsatie, p. 64; concert several times a week.
Caf^s (also beer). SchmoU, Obere Konig-Str. 15 (PL D, E, 2); Resi-
denz, Konig-Str. 39. — Confectioners. Jung, Friedrichs-Platz 2, near
the theatre; Paulus, Stande-Platz 3 (also beer at these two).
Taximeter Cabs. Within the town (incl. Karlsaue), 1-2 pers., per
drive of 800 metres (V2 M.) 70 pf., each addit. 400m. 10 pf . ; 3-4 pers. per
600m. 70 pf., each addit. 300ni. 10 pf . ; at night (10-7) 1-4 pers. per 400m.
70 pf. (each addit. 200m. 10 pf.) and 75 pf. "extra. — Outside the town,
1-4 pers. per 400m. 70 pf. (each addit. 200m. 10 pf.); to Wilhelmshohe
4 or 5 ti( extra (there & back 2 JC extra). — Waiting, 10 pf. per 4 min.,
IV2 "^ per hour.
Carriage and Pair (bargain advisable) to Wilhclmshbhe and back:
58 Route 6. CASSEL. Practical Notes.
to the Palace 9, to the Octagon 15 JC, all inclusive. — To Wilhelmgtal
(p, 57; lV-2 hr.) and back. IIJC: returning via Wilhelmshohe IS Ji.
Electric Tramways. 1. From the Konigs-Platz (PL E, 1) via the
TVilhelmshoher Allee ^Pl. A-D. 2) to Wilhelmshohe (25 min. ; 20 pf . ; name-
boards white). — 2. From the HoUdndische-Strasse (beyond PL E, 1) to
Mulang (35 min. : white and red). — 3. From Bettenhausen (bej'ond PI. F, 2)
to the Raihray Station (PL C, D, 1) and the Germania-Sti\ (PL A, 2;
red), — 4. From the Holldndische-Strasse (see above) to the 3Iarlt-Platz
(green and red;. — 5. From Rotenditmold (bevond PL D, 1) to the Frank-
furter-Str. (PL C, D, 3 ; green). — 6. From the'Ba.ilv:ay Station (PL C, D, 1)
to Wilhelmshohe (25 min. : vellow). — Horse Cars from the Altmarkt
(PL F, 1) to Wolf Sanger (p. 64), 10-20 pf.
Steamboats to Wolfsanger (p. 64) and Graue Katze (p. 64), twice
a dav 30 pf. : to Miinden (p. 66), when the river is deep enough. Quay
at the Finkenherd (PL F, 1,.
Riv-er Baths. SohVs Badeschiff, and others, in the Fulda. — Warm
Baths, Erdmann. Mauer-Str, lb (PL E. 1).
Post and Telegraph Office, Hohenzollern-Str. , opposite the
Central Hotel ^Pl. C, 2;.
Theatres. Hof -Theater (PL E, 2), Friedrichs-Platz (closed in July &
Aug.): Besidenz-Theater. Stande-Platz 3 (PL D. 1, 2). — Variety Theatre,
at the Kaiserhof Hotel. Bahnhof-Str. 24.
The 'Fremdeni-erkehr-Verein, Kleine Rosen-Str. 4 (PL D, 1), is an
institution for giving information to strangers.
English Church ^St. Alban's), Murhardt-Str. ; chaplain, Rev. Jas.
W. Thomas. 3/. A.. Hohenzollern-Str. 82; services (alternately with Grot-
tingen when the university is in session) at 10.30 a.m. & 6 p.m.
U. S. Consular Agent, Herr G. C. Kothe.
Principal Attractions (one day): Konigs-Platz (p. 59), Friedrichs-
Platz (p. 59;. Schone Anssicht (p. 60;', '^Picture Gallery (p. 60), KarUaue
(p. 64): excursion to Wilhelmshohe (p. 65) in the afternoon.
Cassel (440-690 ft.), an important railway-centre, formerly tlie
capital of the Electorate of Hesse, and since 1866 the seat of govern-
ment of the Prussian province of Hessen-Xassau and headquarters
of the 11th Army Corps, lies on the Fulda, which separates the
Altstadt from the small Unter - Xemtadt ; the two together con-
stitute -old' Cassel, with its gable-houses (mostly of the 17th cent.).
To the S.'W. of the Altstadt are the Ober-Xeustadt (the 'Fursten-
stadt' of the 17-18th cent.) and the new West-Vie7^tel or Hohen-
zoUernsfadt. The population, which in 1864 was 35,980, is now
about 150.000. includinof a o^arrison of 5000 men. The manufac-
tures of locomotives, turbine-wheels, railway-carriages, surgical in-
stilments, and fine tools are important.
From the Railway Station (PI. D, 1) the short Kurfiirsten-
Strasse leads to the S.E. -rightj to the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz
'PI. D, 1), in the middle of which is the Loicenhrunnen^ an orna-
mental fountain by Schneider (I88I1. with figures of the rivers
Werra, Fulda, Lahn, and Eder by Echtermeier. On the N.W. side
(corner of Kurfiirsten-Str. i is the Gewerbehalle (PI. 3), with an in-
dustrial and technological museum (open free, 10-1), adjoined by the
School of Industrial Art (PL 61. — To the S.W. of this square is
the Stande-Platz 'PL D, 1. 2i. with its double avenue of limes, in
M 1
</> f [
^ VKi^rw M
.%^.
5l
3=1
i«V i^
^4i£iMfii!li
Friedrichs-Platz. CASSEL. 6. Route. 59
which are the Stdndehaus (House of the Estates) and the Kunst-
haiis (Hall of Art), containing an exhibition of modern pictures
(daily 10-2, in summer also 4-6; Sun. 11-2; 50 pf.; closed in July
& Aug.). — From the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz the Kolnische
Strasse leads to the E. to the Konigs-Platz (PI. E, 1), the starting-
point of the electric tramway to Wilhelmshohe (see p. 58).
A little to the N.E., in the Martins-Platz, rises the Protestant
Church of St. Martin (PI. E, 1), in the Gothic style, of the 14th
and 15th cent., judiciously restored in 1842. The towers were re-
built in 1889-92. Sacristan, Hohentor-Str. 23.
Choir. The Monurnent of Philip the Generous (d. 1567) and his wife
the Landgravine Christina of Saxony (d. 1549), erected in 1568-70 by Elias
Godefroy and Adam Beaumont, in black marble with alabaster reliefs,
stands in the apse. By the S. wall of the choir is a monument to Prince
Philip of Hesse, son of the Landgrave Moritz (1592-1632), who fell in
the battle of Lutter am Barenberge.
To the S. of the church is a Statue of Landgrave Philip the
Generous^ by Ever ding (1899). — No. 24 in the neighbouring Wilde-
mannsgasse (PL F, 1) is the house in which the Brothers Grimm
(p. 60) lived in 1805-14 and wrote their fairy-tales. Good view^ of
'old' Cassel (p. 58) from the Fulda Bridge (PL F, 1, 2).
The Obere Konig-Strasse (PL D, E, 2), which leads to the S.W.
from the Konigs-Platz, is the chief business-street of the town. It
passes the Friedrichs-Platz and the Opern-Platz (see below), and
terminates at the Wilhelmshoher-Platz (p. 64).
On the E. side of the spacious Friedrichs-Platz (PL D, E, 2),
between the Altstadt and the Ober-Neustadt, stands the Royal
Palace, which was built in 1767 and enlarged in 1826 (open on
week-days 9-6, Sun. 11-6, in winter 9-4 & 11-4; entr. in the Konig-
Str.; 25 pf.); the interior is luxuriously fitted up in the 'Empire'
style. On the same side of the square are the Museum Fridericia-
num (see below), the Royal Military School^ and the Roman Cath-
olic Church (PL 5 ; containing a St. Francis from Rubens's studio).
On the S. side is the new Court Theatre (Hof -Theater ; PL E, 2),
by Karst & Fanghauel. In the centre rises the Statue of Land-
grave Frederick II. (PL 2), a prince who in 1776-84 sent 12,000
of his subjects to aid the English in America in consideration of a
sum of 22 million dollars. — The N.W. part of the Friedrichs-
Platz is named the Operx-Platz, with a bronze statue of Louis
Spohr (PL 10), who was conductor of the orchestra at Cassel from
1822 to 1859, by Hartzer (1883).
The Museum Friderieianum, erected by S. L. Dury in
1769-79 under Landgrave Frederick II., contains a few good an-
cient sculptures and collections of plaster-casts, coins, prehistoric
relics, etc. It is open free on Thurs., 10-1, and in summer on Tues.
and Wed. also, 3-5 (entrance in summer by the principal portal, in
winter at the back, through the court); at other times on application
60 Boutc 6. CASSEL. Xatu red History Museum.
to the custodian, who lives in the little house by the S.E. passage
at the back of the museum.
I. Hall, of the Founder?;. 1. Bust of Landgrave Frederick II. ; on
the right and left, busts of the Napoleonic family, some of them by Ca-
nova (?). — II. Semicircular Room, containing the Ancient Sculptures.
Victor, after Polyclctus : Athena, after Phidias ; archaic statue of Apollo :
replica of the Doryphoros of Polycletus (inaccurately restored); Head of
a Diadumenos, a later Attic adaptation of that of Polycletus. — The
rooms to the right and left of R. I contain the extensive collection of
Plaster Casts. Beyond those on the right (S.E.) we reach Room V (the
first entered in winter), which contains small objects of ancient art, terra-
cottas . and a collection of antique coins. On a pedestal: *Bronze Sta-
tuette of Victory, a Greek work. — The rooms on the other side (N.W.)
of R. I contain antiquities, mostly found on Hessian soil.
The Library (open daily, 10-1) . occupying a large hall on the first
floor, in front, contains 200,'000 vols, and 1600 MSS. {e. g. a unique MS.
of the "Hildebrandslied*. 8th cent.). A representative selection of the MSS.
and bibliographical rarities is shown on Mon. and Thurs., 11-12.30 (also
at other times for a fee of 25 pf.). Jacob and William Grimm were
librarians here for about 15 years.
At Xo. 2 Steinweof. behind the Military School ('p. 59), stands
the Natural History Museum lopen free on Mon. and Thurs.
10-1, in summer also, on Tues. and Sat. 3-5, at other times by fee
to the custodian I, including the oldest herbarium in Grermany, formed
in 1556-9*2, and an ethnographical collection. An inscription on the
X. outside wall records that Papin here made his first important
experiments on the application of steam-power (1706), and ?i Mem-
orial Fountain was erected to him in 1906. — The Steinweg ends
in the Schloss-Platz. on the E. side of which rise the Law Courts
and Government Offices (PI. E, F, 2), while the S. is closed by the
Aue-Tor (PI. E. 2i. built in 1782 and transferred from the Fried-
richs-Platz to its present site in 1907. It is embellished with two
bronze *Reliefs by Siemering (the farewell and return of the war-
riors'*, placed here in commemoration of the victories of 1870-71.
The Ober-Xeustadt (p. 58), erected after 1688 for the Hu-
ofuenots, has straiirht, Dutch-lookino; streets and low houses, mostly
adorned with balconies. The Church (Franzosische Kirch^; PL
D, 2) is in the form of a long octagon, with a huge dome. A little
to the W. is the Mess-Platz, with the Old Rathaus (PI. D, 2 : 1770),
opposite which (with its front on the Obere Konig-Str. ) is the New
Rathaus (PL D, 2i, an edifice in the German Renaissance style by
Roth 1 1905-9>.
Along the S.E. boundary of the Xeustadt runs the Schone Aus-
sicHT (PL D, E, 3, 2 i affording a beautiful view of the Karlsaue
(p. 64), the valley of the Fulda, and the distant hills. The large
Bellevue Schloss, the residence of King Jerome in 1811-13, is now
that of the general in command of the 11th Army Corps.
At the end of the street rises the ^Picture Gallery (PL D, 3),
a handsome Renaissance edifice erected in 1871-77 from plans by
Dehn-Rotfelser. The plastic embellishments are by Hassenjjflug,
Picture Gallery. CASSEL. ^- Route. 61
Echtermeier ., and Brandt. — The First Floor, reached by a
marble staircase, contains the valuable collection of over 800 pic-
tures, founded by Landgrave William VIII. in the early part of the
18th century. Admission free: Sun. 11-1, Tues., Wed., Frid., & Sat.
10-1; in summer on Mon. and Thurs. also, 3-5; at other times on
application to the custodian, to be found either in the building or
at Frankfurter-Str. 41 (PL D, 2; fee 50 pf.). Catalogue 50 pf.
Among the best Italian works in the gallery are a fine portrait
by Titian (No. 488, Room IV), painted about 1550, and a vigorous
Tintoretto (No. 497, R. IV). — The Flemish and Dutch depart-
ments contain numerous gems. The Enthroned Madonna with saints
by Van Dyck (No. 119, Room I), obviously composed under the in-
fluence of Rubens, the portraits by him (Nos. 118, 120-129, various
rooms), a family-piece by the Antwerp master Gonzales Coques
(No. 151, Cab. 7), and the Barber s Shop by David Teniers the
Younger (No. 147, Cab. 10) are all specimens of the golden era of
the Flemish school. — In works by Hals and Rembrandt, Holland's
tW'O greatest masters, the Cassel gallery is probably the richest in
Germany. Among those of Frans Hals, the master of Haarlem,
the following deserve special notice. His Laughing Toper (No. 216,
Cab. 11) and above all the Cavalier w-ith the broad -brimmed hat
(No. 219, Cab. 12; a late work) afford admirable specimens of his
humorous and dashing style. His Tw^o Young Musicians (No. 215,
Room II) and the portraits of a Dutch gentleman and his wife
(Nos. 213, 214, Room I) also display the master's individuality, but
are comparatively tame in execution. Of Remhrandfs pictures the
most striking is his Jacob blessing the sons of Joseph (No. 249,
Cab. 8), painted in 1656, a marvel of artistic skill and profound
religious sentiment. The Woodcutter's Family (No. 240, Cab. 14)
show^s the master's familiarity with idyllic subjects. Among the
portraits the palm is carried off by one of Saskia, the happy young
wife of the painter (No. 236, Room III), dating from 1634. To the
same period belongs a portrait of the master himself in a helmet
(No. 237, Room I). The early portrait of himself (No. 229, Cab. 8)
and that of the old man with the golden cross (No. 231, Cab. 11)
are w^orks of the painter's first Leyden period. The tw^o old heads
in Cabinet 14, Coppenol, the w^riting-master (No. 234, Cab. 7), and
Krul, the poet (No. 235, Room JI), w^ere painted soon after his
removal to Amsterdam (1631). To his later period (1655-58) belong
the Spear Bearer (No. 245, Room III), the studies of old men's
heads in Cab. 8, his own portrait (No. 244, Cab. 8), and that of
Nicholas Bruyningh (No. 243, Cab. 14). Rembrandt's landscapes,
particularly the Mountain and the Winter Scene (Nos. 242, Room I;
241, Cab. 8), are also well worthy of inspection. — The Dutch
masters Ph. Wouverman, Jan Steen, Adr. van Ostade, Metsu,
and Terhurg are also admirably represented.
Baedeker's N. Germany, loth Edit. 5
62 Boute 6. CASSEL. Picture Gallery.
The Staircase is embellished with 8 marble statues, by Echtermeier .
of the nations most prominent in the history of art.
Room I (with RR. II and III. Xetherlands School of the 17th cent.). —
To the right : 115. Fr. Snyders, Still-life; 346. Ph. Wouverman, Peasants
resting: *139. Tenters the Younger, Boors plaving cards; *213, *214.
Frans Hals ^d. 1666), Portraits ; 27?'. A. van Ostade (d. 1685), Topers :
**242. Bembrandt (l'607-69). Mountain-landscape with a ruin (1650); 119!
A. van Dyck (d. 1641). Virgin and Child with saints; 141. (to the left
of 242), Teniers the Younger. Ecce Homo. — 112. Antwerp School (be-
ginning of the 18th cent.), Adoration of the Shepherds ; *101. Jac. Jordaens
(d. 1678), Pan sharing the meal of a peasant. — 124, Van Dyck, Family
portraits; *2S1 . Bembrandt. His own portrait in a helmet (1634); above,
9S. Bubens, Diana and her nymphs surprised by satyrs ; S4:2. Ph.Wouve?'-
man, Ridinsr-school ; *123. Van Dyck. Family portraits.
Room fl. Right Wall: *235. Bembrandt] Jan Krul, the poet (1633);
418. S. de Vlieger, Sea-piece ; above, *108. Jordaens. Twelfth Night ('le
Roi boit') ; *215. Frans Hals. Two young musicians ; *92. Bubens, Nicolas
de Respaigne, in Oriental dress ; *239. Bembrandt, Portrait of a man (1639 ;
freely retouched); 351. Ph. Wouverman, Peasants resting; *398. Jacob
van Buysdael (d. 1682 . Mountain-scene with waterfall; 246. Bembrandt {T)^
Portrait. — Jordaens. *103. Education of Bacchus, 105. Porridge-eater;
397. Jac. van Buysdael, Landscape; 439. J. D. de Heem, Still-life; 399.
5'. van Buysdael, Landscape. — 292. Caspar Xetscher (d. 1684). Mas-
querade: 185. Jan Lys. The quartet: 171. ./. B. Huysmans, Ideal land-
scape; 128. 129. A. van Dyck. Portraits: 152. Gonzales Coques, Family
portraits; M. d'Hondccoeier. Hen and chickens; 91 (above), Bubens,
Victorious Mars (an allegorical work) ; 186. Jan Lys, Mora-players ; 109.
J. Jordaens, Triumph of Bacchus.
Room III. Right Wall: 102. J. Jordaens, Satyr and peasant; 272.
Abr. van den Tempel, Portrait : 86. Bubens, Jupiter and Callisto (1613) ;
**236. Bembrandt, Saskia van Ulenburgh. the painter's first wife (1634?);
116a. Fr. Snyders. Game: 262. B. Fabritius, Mercury and Argus. —
*245. Bembrandt. Spear Bearer (also known as 'the Sentinel'; 1655);
88. Bubens, Meleager bringing the head of the Calydonian boar to
Atalanta : 83 (above), A. Janssens, Diana and her nymphs (game by
Snyders).
Room IV. Italian and Spanish Schools. To the right: 484. Bacchiacca,
Portrait, with a skull and a landscape-background ; *504. Paolo Vero7iese(?),
Cleopatra: *497. Tintoretto (d. 1594). Portrait; 511. Moretto. Adoration
of the Shepherds; 476. M. Cerezo, John the Baptist. — *488. Titian,
Portrait of Giov. Franc. Acquaviva, Duke of Atri(?), of the master's
later period .injured). — *590. Bibera. Mater Dolorosa (1638); 482. School
of Filippino Lippi. Crucifixion (in tempera). — 485. Florentine Master
(16th cent.). Portrait. — In an adjoining Cabinet (20; left): 431-434.
J. de Wit, The Seasons (grisaille). — From Room IV we now enter (left) ■ —
Cab. 1. To the left: 459. Nic. Poussin, Bacchic scene in a wood.
To the right, 462. Lairesse, Bacchic festival.
Cab. 2-4 contain unimportant works.
Cab. 5. 539. Copy after Baphael, Holy Family in a landscape; 567.
Ag. Carracci, Ecstasy of St. Francis.
Cab. 6-14. Netherlands School of the 17th century. In Cab. 6: 329.
P. van Laer, Quack; 181. (over the door), G. van Honthorst, Satyr and
nymph.
Cab. 7. To the right. *125. Van Dyck, Snyders, the artist, and his
wife; 97. Corn, de Vos (d. 1651), Solomon Cock of Antwerp ; no number,
Bubens. St. Francis with the Stigmata; 212 (above), Bavesteyn, Portrait;
107. J. Jordaens, Family group. — **234. Bembrandt, Coppenol, the
writing-master (ca. 1632); 218. 217. Fr. Hals, Portraits; Xetscher, 294.
Lady and parrot, 293. Old lady; *151. G. Coques, Young scholar and his
sister; *127. Van Dyck, Isabella van Assche (?).
Cab, 8. To the right. 611. Ad. Elsheimer, Landscape with Mercury
Picture Gallenf. OASSEL. 0. Route. 63
and Argus ; 223. Th. de Keiiser, Landgrave William IV. of Hesse ; 257,
258. Gerard Dou, Rembrandt's parents; *393. A. van der Neer, Sunset;
229. Rembrandt, Portrait of himself (ca. 1627). — *275, 21Q.Adr. van Ostade,
Peasants drinking; Remhrayidt, *238, 247, 248. Portraits, *241. Landscape
in winter (1636), 244. Portrait of himself (ca. 1659). — **249. Rembrandt,
Jacob blessing Ephraim and Manasseh in presence of their father Joseph
and their mother Asenath (1656).
Cab. 9. To the right. *369. Paul Potter, Cattle (1648); 299. Gabr.
Metsu, Lady and game-dealer; 222. Th. de Keyser, Portrait; 420, 421.
W. van de Velde, Sea-pieces ; 396a. S. van Ruysdael, Mouth of a river ;
**289. Ger. Terburg (d. 1681), Woman playing a lute ; 126 (above), A. van
Dyck, Syndic Meerstraten of Brussels; *374. Adr. van de Velde, Seashore.
Cab. 10. To the right. *147. Teniers the Younger, Barber's shop ;
Jordaens, 104. Childhood of Jupiter, 106. Moor and horse; 90. Rubens,
Grirl with a mirror; 232, 233. Rembrandt, Studies of heads. — *122.
Van Dyck, The painters L. and C. de Wael; Teniers, 148, 142, 143.
Peasant-scenes, 144. Dentist. — *87. Rubens, Flight into Egypt (1614);
145, 146. Teniers the Younger, Archduchess Isabella (?) entering Brussels
and Yilvorde.
Cab. 11. To the right. 231. Rembrandt, Portrait of an old man with
a gold cross (1630); *301. Metsu, The lute-player; *296. Jan Steen, Twelfth
Night (1668). — *377. J. Weenix, Dead hare; Ph. Wouverman, 356.
Peasant and grey horse, *355. Harvest-wain. — 361. Ph. Wouverman,
Battle; 300. Metsu, Lady and beggar-boy; *210. Nic. Kmipfer, The Seven
Works of Mercy ; *16 (above) , Frans Hals, Laughing toper (ca. 1640) ;
*288. Terburg, Lady and gentleman playing.
Cab. 12. To the right. 368. Paid Potter, Cattle; 371. Karel du
Jardin (d. 1678), Quacks. — 385. J. van Goyen, Eiver-scene. — 196.
C. van Poelenbtirgh, Landscape (cattle by N. Berchem)-, 341. Ph. Wouver-
7nan, Return from the hunt; *219. Fr. Hals, Man in a broad-brimmed
hat (ca. 1660).
Cab. 13. To the right. 67, 69. Pieter Neefs the Elder, Church-
interiors. — 49, 50, 51. Ja7i Brueghel, Landscapes.
Cab. 14. To the right. 84. Rubens, Drunken Hercules; 121. Van Dyck,
Italian nobleman. — Rembrandt, *230. Portrait of his father, **240. The
Woodcutter's Family, a Holy Family in the homely Netherlandish style
(1646) ; 232, 233. Portraits. — 380 (above 240), M. d'Hondecoeter, Cock-fight;
*118. Va7i Dyck, Portrait of Wildens, the artist. — **243. Rembrayidt,
Portrait of Nicholas Bruyningh (1658).
Cab. 15. German and Netherlands Schools of the 16th century. To
the right, 17, 18. B. Bruyn, Portraits ; 16. Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Judith; 7 (above), Hans Baldung Grien, Hercules and Antaeus. — 26.
Master of the Death of the Virgin, Man with a rosary ; 19 (above),
Cranach the Younger, Nymph resting at a spring; 6. Dilrer, Elsbeth
Tucherin (1499). — 42. Mc. Neufchatel, Portrait; 33. Jan van Scorel,
Family-group; *37. Sir Anthony More {'?), William the Silent of Orange. —
In the middle of the room is a table-top with allegorical paintings by
M. Schaffner of Ulm.
Cab. 16 contains German and Netherlandish works of the 17-18th cent-
uries. — Cab. 17. Paintings by J. H. Tischbein (1722-89), court-painter
of Landgrave William YIII. of Hesse, and other German artists of the
17-18th centuries. — Cab. 18. On the middle wall, 116. Frans Snyders,
Birds. — From Cab. 19, which contains a few modern paintings (also
743. Thos. Gainsborough, Landscape) we enter the beautiful vaulted —
*LoGGiA, with busts of painters and allegorical mural paintings.
The windows command a view of the Karlsaue, the valley of the Fulda,
and the Meissner (p. 338).
The Art Collections of the Ground Floor are open free on
Men. & Thurs., 10-1; in summer also on Wed. and Sat., 3-5; at other
times on appHcation to the custodian (comp. p. 61). Catalogue, 50 pf.
64 P^oute 6. CASSEL. Karlsaue.
We first reach the Collection of Casts, chiefly of modern, mediaeval,
and Renaissance sculptures. From the 1st Gallery \re enter Room I.
the Hessian Temple of Fame, containing flags, trophies, weapons, and
the like. — The following rooms contain the valuahle ^Collection of
Arts and Crafts. Room II : "SVorks in gold and silver, watches and
clocks, miniatures. — Room III : Objects in ivory and amber, and gems. —
Room IV: Objects in wax. bronze, and porcelain. — Room Y: Objects
in glass, stone, clay, and wood. — ■ Room YI : Majolicas, mosaics, and
scagliola work (imitation mosaic). — Rooms YII. YIII : Ceramics. —
Room IX: Coins and medals.
The buildiug is surrounded with pleasure-grounds, in which is
a bust to E. von Mailer id. 1880; , the first Prussian governor of
Hesse. Fine view from a pavilion farther on. A stone bridge across
the Frankfurter-Str. brings ns to the Weinberg Parle (P\. D, 3j,
with the Jfurhard Public Library (130,000 vols. ; open 9-1 & 5-7 ;
closed on Sat. afternoon and Sun.i. — In the adjacent Wilhelms-
hoher-Platz (PL D, 2) are a Monument to Emp. William I. (PL 4j,
by K. Begas (1898), and the Ober-Prdsidium.
At Xo. 3 Luisen-Str.. in the ^Yest-Viertel (p. 58), is the Bose
Museum (PL B. 2 . containing ornaments, coins, and portraits of the
Hessian ducal family (^open free, "Wed. &; Sun. 11-1 ; catalogue 20 pf.).
The *Karlsaue or Aue (PL D. E, 3), bounded by the Fulda on
the E., the favourite promenade of the inhabitants, was planned in
the French style in 1709. and contains beautiful trees. Descending
from the Friedrichs-Platz ip. 59 j, we soon reach the large Orangery
(PL E, 3), built in 1701-11. The pavilion adjoining it on the W.
is the "^Marmorbad, a bathroom erected in 1720-28, adorned with
marble statuary, chiefly by P. E. Monnot, a French sculptor. Ad-
mission on Mon.. Wed., and Sat. 10-12. Sun. 11.30-1; or by gi^'ing
the custodian, who lives in the W. corner-pavilion of the orangery,
a fee of 50 pf. In the vicinity, below the Schone Aussicht (PL D, 2),
rises a Monument iPl. D, 3;, by Kaupert. representing a sleeping
lion, erected in 1874 to the memory of Hessians who fell during
the French domination. — At the X. margin of the Karlsaue is
the new Academy of Arts, erected in 1904-8 from the designs of
Bohnstedt. The main building is surrounded by six pavilions ac-
commodating the studios of the pupils. — Beyond the flower-terrace,
known as the "Bowling G-reen\ the G-rosse Allee • passing near a cafe-
restaurant, p. 57) leads to the Aue Teich (boats for hire).
Walks isee Map. p. 59). To the X.E. to (IV2 M.) Wolfsanger, on the
Fulda (Kuranstalt Luisental. with restaurant: tramway and steamboat,
see p. 58! : above the village \?> Raahe's Felsenkeller (view). The (i/2_hr.j
Sonde rshauser Berg, on the opposite bank, also commands a fine view.
The walk mav be extended to '1 hr.) the Graue Katze Restaurant. — To
the W. by the Kolnische Allee (PI. B. C, 1) to the (IV4 M.) Reservoir
(PI. A. 1; view). — To Miinden (p. 66), by the picturesquely wooded
and winding valley of the Fulda. 4V 4 hrs. (passing the Grraue Katze, see
above); steamboat, see p, 58.
From Cassel to Hanover, see R. 7 ; to Berlin and Halle, see R. 47;
to Leipzig, sec R. 39,
* Cassel'
WilhelmsMhe. CASSEL. ^. Route. 65
From Cassel to Wilhelmshohe.
Electric Tramways. Wilhelmshohe is reached directly by Lines
1 & 6 and also, with change of cars, by Lines 2 & 3 (see p. 58). No. 2
connects at Mulang with the Herlcules-Bahn (40 pf., return 50 pf.), which
has a station near the Octagon (see below). — Railway from Cassel to
stat. Wilhelmshohe in 7 min. (fares 40, 30, 20 pf .) ; thence to the entrance
of the park nearly 1 M. (tramway). — Carriages, see p. 57.
Hotels. * Grand- Hotel Wilhelmshohe, in the park, a little to the
N. of the Palace, R. 3-6, B. IV4, D- 3V2-4, pens. 8V2-IO JC (advisable to order
rooms in advance); Ledderhose (Rii^imgQx Schloss; PI. a), Mulang-Str., R.
11/2-4= t^j with cafe-restaurant; Pensionshaus Wilhelmshohe,WiegSin([-Sti\,
R. 2-5, pens. 5-8 cS, these two very fair; Kro7iprinz, R. 2-3 JC; Schloss
Weisse7istein. — Sanatoria (open throughout the year). Dr. Wieder-
hold's Kur-Anstalt (PI. c) ; Bad Wilhelmshohe (PI. d), pens. 6-10 JC;
Gossma7in's Naturheilanstalt , pens. 65-98 JC per week; Dr. G^^eger's
Ktvr-Anstalt (PI. e), pens. ^-^ JC.
Restaurants at the hotels ; open-air restaurants at the Octagon and
at the foot of the Cascades. — Kurhaus, at the Ridinger Schloss (see
above); season-ticket 3 JC.
The Fountains play from the beginning of May till October on
Sun. and Wed. at 3.30 p.m. (the 'Cascades' and the 'New Waterfall' on
Sun. only); also on Ascension Day and Whit-Monday (but not on Whit-
Sunday). The visitor is recommended to be at the foot of the Cascades
in good time (on Wed. at the Steinhofer Fall ; thence to the Teufels-
Brticke, Aqueduct, Great Fountain, and New Waterfall), as the supply
of water is limited and the exhibition therefore of brief duration.
From the Willielmshoher-Platz (p. 59; PL D, 2) the Wilhelms-
hoher Allee (PL A-D, 2), flanked with handsome villas, leads by the
suburbs of Wehlheiden and Wahlershausen to (3 M.) *Wilhelins-
hohe, formerly the summer-residence of the Electors of Hesse, and
celebrated for its park and fountains. The beautiful grounds were
partly laid out in 1701 by the Italian Giov. Franc. Guernieri.
The Schloss, erected in 1787-94, and occupied by Napoleon III.
when a prisoner of war in 1870-71, is a somewhat heavy building,
the body and wings of which are disposed in the form of a semi-
circle. The interior (shown on week-days; tickets 25 pf.) is sump-
tuously fitted up. The castellan lives on the groundfloor, close to
the entrance. When any members of the imperial family are in
residence, the Schloss and part of the grounds are closed to the
public. Near the Schloss are the Guard House^ the Grand-Hotel
Wilhelmshohe (see above), and the old Marstall^ or stables. To the
S.E. is the 'Lac' (p. 66).
A visit to the finest points in the *Paek requires about 4 hrs.
(compare Plan).
From the Hotel Wilhelmshohe winding paths lead to the New
Waterfall., 130 ft. in height. We ascend thence to the left to the
Temple of Mercury^ and proceed by wood-paths to the so-called
Octagon (1714), the highest point in the grounds, 1360 ft. above
the Fulda, an artificial ruin consisting of three vaulted stories.
The platform, which commands a beautiful *Panorama, bears an
obelisk, 98 ft. in height, surmounted by a colossal statue of the
66 Route 1. MtXDEN.
Farnese Hercules in copper (33 ft. in height; room in the club for
8 pers. '. The Grotto in front of the Octagon contains a water-puzzle.
The Eleven Beeches (Elf Buchen), IV2 M. to the X. of the Octagon,
command a fine view (tower) ; the route to them passes the restaurant
and crosses the plateau of the Habichtswald. About 2 M. to the S. is
the view-tower on the Hohe Gras (1950 ft. ; restaurant).
The Cascades descending from the Octagon are 300 yds. in
lenc^th. with laro^e basins at intervals of 50 vds. On each side are
long and fatiguing flights of steps (842 steps in all). Pleasant
walks descend to the right, passing the Steinhofer Waterfall^ to
the Loicenharg^ an imitation of an ancient castle (1793-96;. The
interior contains some antiquities, but the view from the platform
of the lower is the chief attraction ifee 25 pf.).
To the X.W. of the Lowenburg are the Teufels-Brilclce (devil's
bridge) and the Holle or Grotto of Pluto^ a little to the E. of
which is the Aqueduct, with a fine waterfall. Thence a path leads
in 5 min. to the * Great Fountain^ one of the highest in Europe,
which sends up a jet of water 1 ft. in thickness and 200 ft. in
height. We now proceed to the S.E. to the La<i or to the villa-
colony of Mulang ('electric railway, the so-called 'Herkules-Bahn',
hence to the Octagon: comp. p. 65;.
About IV2 ^I- to the S. of the Lowenburg ^see above) or Mulang
opens the Drusel-ToJ (restaurant; reached by the Herkules-Bahn), whence
the Hirzstein or the (3,^ hr; Hohe Gras (see above) may be visited.
The almost shadeless Fiirsten-Allee or ilasen-Allee' leads from Wil-
helmshohe to [b M.) Wilhelmstal (see p. 57).
7. From Cassel to Hanover.
103 M. Raelwat in 3-5 hrs. (express fares 15 JC 90, 10 JC 30, 6 ^^ 50 pf . :
ordinary fares 13 JC 90. 8 ^ 30, 5 c^ 50 pf .).
Cassel -Rail. Restaurant, D. 2c/^), see p. 57. — The train
crosses the Fulda at (6^ 0 M.) Kragenhof, by a bridge 130 ft. high,
and for a long distance skirts the picturesque banks of the stream.
15 X. Miinden. — Hotels. Hessischer Hof (PI. a), Neue Bahnhof-
Str.. R. 21 .,-51 J. B. 1, D. 21 -2-310^, well spoken of; Jung (PI. b), Lange-
Str.! R. & B. 2-3 J^: Deutsches Haus (PI. cj, Burg-Str. ; Andree's Berg
(PL d), 1 M. from the station. R. 2-3. D. 2, pens. 5-6 JC, verv fair; Tivoli
(PI. e), R. 3. pens. 5 JC : Schdferhof, 11.2 M. to the E. of the station;
Bergschlosschen fPl. ij. — Wine at Schilling's, Ziegel-Str. 3. — Post
dr Telegraph Office (PI. 6), Xeue Bahnhof-Strasse.
Miinden -462 ft.t. charmingly situated on a tongue of land at the
junction of the Fulda and Werra. the united waters of which form
the Weser, is a pleasant, old-fashioned little town. Pop. 11,300.
From the railway-station the Bismarck-Str. leads to the aS^^ . Egidien-
Kirche (V\. 4), of the 13th cent., with a nave rebuilt after the siege
of 1626. Farther to the X. is the Church of St. Blasius (PI. 3;
sexton, Lange-Str. 62., of the 15-1 6th cent., containing a Grothic
font il392 and the tomb of Duke Eric I. of Brunswick (d. 1540).
rr^ -S ty-: •- -^ ^ ^ __i e d-'^'-^-^d.er B'eg -: ^ ^
-fg =v-
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GOTTINGEN. 7: Route. 67
The Renaissance Rathaus (PL 7) was completed in 1619. The
Schloss, built by Duke Eric II. of Brunswick about 1561 and
restored in 1898, accommodates the district-court, the collections of
the Forst-Akademie, and the municipvil Museum , with its examples
of Munden fayence from 1753 to 1855 (Sun. 11-1, Wed. 2-5, free;
on other days, 10-12 & 2-5, 15 pf.). Near the Schloss is the Forst-
Akademie (PI. 1), founded in 1869. Picturesque views are obtained
from Andree^s Berg (Y'ilir. ; see p. 66) beyond the suburb of
Blume, on the other side of the Werra, and from the tower on
^Tilly^s Schanze\ among the woods on the left bank of the Fulda,
about 3/4 M. from the bridge (coloured plaster relief representing the
Defence of Munden against Tilly, 1626; adm. 10 pf. ; restaurant).
From Munden to Hameln, 84 M. (steamboat on the Weser daily in
summer, in 10 hrs., upstream 151/2 hi"s«; fares IJC 20, 4 .^ 70 pf . ; D. on
board 2 JC). This is the pleasantest way of visiting the pretty Valley
of the Weser. On the left bank is the Reiyihardswald (ending at
Carlshafen), on the right bank are the Bramwald (till Lippoldsberg) and
the Soiling (till Hol7mindcn ; see p. 49). The following are a few of the
most noteworthy points. To the right Bursfelde (35 min.), at the mouth
of the Nieme, with a famous Benedictine monastery (1093-1542), now sup-
pressed. — r. Lippoldsberg, an old Benedictine convent, with a Roman-
esque church (12th cent.). — 1. Carlshafen, also a railway-station (to
HUmme, see p. 57). — 1. Herstelle, where Charlemagne erected a fortified
camp in 797. — 1. Beverungen, on the Holzminden and Scherfelde railway
(p. 56) ; opposite (r.) is Lauenforde, a station on the Ottbergen-Northeim
railway. The imposing chateau of Wehrden (p. 56) now rises on the left.
On the right bank, 1 M. farther on, the elevated village of Filrstenherg
(Hotel Fiirstenberg), with its old porcelain-factory, is conspicuous. The
steamer now shoots the bridge of the Ottbergen-Northeim railway, passes
the Brunsherg on the left, and reaches Hoxter (see p. 48). — In V4 ^ir.
more we pass under the Westphalian railway bridge and reach (1.) Corvey
(p. 48), and in another hour we reach the station of Holzminden (p. 49).
— 1. Polle (Zur Burg), with a ruined castle; just beyond is the SteiJi-
milhle, at the foot of the cliff. — 1. Bodenwerder (Traube; Goldener
Anker), the residence of Baron Miinchhausen (d. 1797), famous for his
marvellous adventures ; 1. Kemnade, with an ancient abbey-church. At
Hehleti (1.) rises the imposing chateau (1589) of the Counts of Schulen-
burg. — I. Emmertal (station), on the Hanover and Altenbeken railway,
which here crosses the river. — r. Hameln, see p. 46.
Steamboat from Munden to Cassel, see p. 58.
The train crosses the Werra (fine retrospect of Munden), follows
the valley of the Weser for some distance, ascends gradually to
(26 M.) Dr arts f eld (987 ft.), and descends to the valley of the Leine.
36 M. Gottingen. — Hotels. Kroyie (PI. b ; B, C, 3), E. from
21/2, B. 1, D. IV2-2V27 pens, from ^ JC, well spoken of; Gebhard's Hotel
(PI. a; A, 2), near the station, R. 2V2-4, B. 1, D. 2-3, pens. 51/2-7 tS; Royal
(PI. c; C, 3), R. 2-21/2, D- IV2-2 -/^; National (PL e ; B, 2) ; Deutscher Hof
(PI. d; C, 2). — Pension Stegemann, Hainholzweg 46 (PI. D, 3), pens.
4-41/2 c/^. — Restaurants. Ratskeller; Krone, Royal, see above ; Automatic,
Weender-Str. 57 ; 3Iutze's Wine Rooms, Barfiiss'er-Str. 5. — The Deutsche
Gar-ten (PL C, 4) and the Stadt-Park (PL D, 2, 3) are popular resorts (con-
certs). — Post Office (PL A, 2). — Taximeter Cabs. — English Church
Services, in term time alternately with Cassel (comp. p. 58), at 8 a.m.
The Bottinger-Studienhaus , Bahnhof-Str. 24, supplies foreign students
with information of all kind, arranges courses of instruction in German, etc.
68 Route 7. G0TTI:N^GEN.
The building also contains club-rooms for the members of the British and
American colonies in Gottingen.
Gottingen, an old to\v-n with 3-4,100 iuhab., is famous for its
University (Georgia Augusta, 2000 students), founded in 1737 by
Greorge II. The inner town, with many quaint old houses, is enclosed
by ramparts and promenades.
Xear the railway-station is the ^//«fo??i/e (PI. A, 2), containing
Blumenbach's collection of skulls. The Allee-Str., with the house
(Xo. 6) of Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm (1829-37), leads hence to the
E., crossing the Leine Canal, to the extensive University Library
(PL B, 3), with 550,000 vols, and 6500 MSS. (open daily, 9-1 and
2.30-6; Sat. 9-2: in vacation, 9-1, daily except Sun.). Close by, to
the E.. is the Johannis-Kirche (PI. B, 3), a Romanesque edifice
rebuilt in the Grothic style in the 14th century.
In the market-place stands the Bathaus (PL B, C, 3; open free,
9-1 and 3-6 ». a picturesque building of 1369-71; the main hall
(restored in 1880) and the council-chamber are adorned with mural
paintings by Schaper. In front of the Eathaus stands the charming
Goose Girl Fountain (1900). Running X. from the market-place
is the Weexder-Strasse (PL B, C. 2), the chief business -street,
with the Gothic Jakobi-Kirche .PL C, 2; 14-15th cent.) and a
house of 1549 (Xo. 59). — The Barfiisser-Str., with a house of ca.
1550 (Xo. 5, see p. 67 1, leads to the E. to the Wilhelm-Platz
(PL C, 3), which is adorned with a statue of King William IV. of
Hanover (d. 1837'. Adjacent, in the Ritter-Plan (Xo. 12), is the
municipal Collection of Antiquities <PL C, 2: open free, March-
Xov.. on Sun.. 11-1. and Wed., 2-4; on other days, 10-4, adm. 1 ^l
for 1-2 pers.: catalogue 20 pf.).
At the X. end of the Weender-Str. (PL B, 2) rises a large build-
ing for Lectures, in front of which is a statue of Wohler (1800-82),
the chemist, by Hartzer. Adjacent is the Botanical Garden
(PL C. 1 1. Xo. 40 Kurze Geismar-Str. (PL 2) contains the Univer-
sity Bi'-ture Gallery and Collection of Engravings : adm. free,
to the pictures Sun. 11-1, to the engravings Wed. 2-4 (catalogue
70 pf.i. Close by are the Chemical Laboratory (PL C, 4), and a
monument (erected in 1899 1 to Gauss (1777-1855), the mathemati-
cian, and W. E. Weber (1804-91), the physicist. — In the W.
part of the rampart-promenades, close to the Leine Canal, is the
small house (PL A. B, 4) in which Prince Bismarck lived as a
student in 1832-3 (memorial tablet).
On the ai.>M.) Hainherg '1083 ft.) is a memorial-stone to the Got-
tinger 'Hainbund'. Above, to the left, is the Rohns, a pleasure-garden.
On the top of the hill is the Bismarck Tower (view; 10 pf.). The Harz-
blick. another view-tower, may be reached hence by a walk through the
Gottineer Wald in I1/2 l»r. — In the old cemeterv. outside the Weender
Tor, is^a bronze bust of G. A. Burger (1747-94), 'the poet (PL B; B, 1).
A favourite excursion is to the (2 hrs.) ruin of Plesse (1080 ft.; p. 69),
with its two towers, on a wooded height, commanding a charming view.
. NORTHEIM. 7. Route. 69
and thence down to Mariaspring (V2 hr. ; music in summer on Sun. and
Wed.). — In the pleasant B re inker- Tal, to the S., lies (5 M.) Beinhausen,
at the foot of the wooded Gleichen (1404 ft.), which arc surmounted
with ruins.
From Gottingen to Eichenberg (for Gotha, Erfurt, Halle) and Bebra
(and Frankfort), sec R. 52. — A light railway runs from Gottingen via
(11 M.) Rittmarshausen to (22 M.) Duderstadt (p. 342).
40 M. Bovenden (4o6 ft.), commanded by the ruin of Plesse
(p. 68). Above (42 M.) Norten rises the ruin of Hardenherg
(541 ft.); below, a modern chateau. — 48 M. Wortheim (394 ft.;
Sonne; Englischer Hof, R. l^g-^ ^), an old town (pop. 8000),
with a good church of 1519 (old carving on the altar; remains of
fine stained glass of 1404 in the choir), is also a station on the line
from Nordhausen (p. 305) to Ottbergen (p. 48).
From (56 M.) Salzderhelden^ with a saline spring and a ruined
castle, a branch-line runs to (21/2 M.) Einhech (pop. 8700; Herzog
Erich; Groldener Lowe), with numerous quaint old buildings, and to
(11 M.) DasseL
60 M. Kreiensen (p. 49) is the junction for the Holzminden
and Magdeburg line (R. 5), and is connected with (2072^-) Osterode
(p. 308) by a light railway (2 hrs.). — 66 M. Freden is situated in
one of the prettiest parts of the valley of the Leine, on which the
ruins of the Winzenhurg look down from the heights. — 72 M.
Alfeld (305 ft.; Kaiserhof), with 6400 inhab., lies at the base of
the Sieben Brilder^ a group of hills, the highest of which is 1480 ft.
above the sea-level. Various pleasant excursions may be made
hence. The mountainous district is now quitted.
Beyond (83 M.) Elze, the junction for (18 M.) Hameln (p. 46),
the Leine is crossed. On an eminence to the left rises */Schloss
Marienhurg (no adm.), built in the mediaeval style by Hase, with
a frieze by Engelhard (1851), illustrating northern mythology.
87 M. Noi^dstemmen is the junction for the Hildesheim-Ringel-
heim line (pp. 49, 46). — 951/2 M. Rethen; 981/2 M. Willfel.
103 M. Hanover, see p. 71.
8. Prom Rotterdam (Hook van Holland) to
Hanover via Salzbergen.
260 M. Railway in 81/2-I3 hrs. (express fares ^ JC 70, 2Z JC 50, \^ JC
90 pf.). — This is the shortest route between Rotterdam di\\(\ Berlin (ex-
press in 12 hrs. ; fares 52 JC 70, 35 JC 90, 22 .yfC 80 pf .). From London to Ber-
lin, via Harwich and the Hook of Holland, daily in 22 hrs. (fares U. 3s. 4c?.,
2?. Ihs. 6d.). — Custom-house formalities at Bentheim (see below).
From Rotterdam to (118 M.) Hengelo^ see Baedeker^ s Belgium
and Holland. Branch-lines diverge from Hengelo to Almelo on the
N., and to Enschede and Munster (p. 92) on the S. Beyond (125 M.)
Oldenzaal the line crosses the Prussian frontier. The custom-house
is at (135 M.) Bentheim (Bellevue, R. 21/4, D. 2, pens. 5-6 ^^
70 Route 8. OSXABRtCK.
well spoken of: Kaiserkof)^ a small town (pop. 2700) with an old
chateau (partly of the 12th cent.). Bad Bentkeim (Kurhaus, R. &
board from 5^ o ^/ visitors' tax 10 <^), with a sulphur-spring, lies
about 1 M. from the town. — 143 M. Salzhergen (junction for
Emden, p. 96). — 148 M. Rheine (Rail. Restaurant ; Schultze^
Hartmann J R. 2-3 -Jl)^ a cotton-making town on the Ems., with
12,800 inhab., is the junction for Miinster and Hamm (comp. p. 96).
The Osnabrlick line crosses the Ems. On the risfht rises a
wooded chain of hills, the X.^. spurs of the Teutoburgian Forest
(p. 36). — 161 M. Ihhenhuren (pop. 6000), on the Aa.
177 M. Osnabruck. — Hotels. ^Schaumhurg (PL a: E, 3),
Schiller-Str. 9. R. from 2i .„ B. 1. B.ZJC: Central (PI. b; D, 3),'Moser-
Platz. R. from 2, D. 214!^; Germania{V\.c; D. 3), Moser-Str.. well
spoken of; *Dutting's '^Pl. d ; D. 2, 3), Domhof ; Kaiserhof (Pl.c; D, 3),
E. 2-3, D. 11/2-21.2-^; Eeichshof (PL f ; E, 3), Eohenzollern (PL g; E, 3),
these two near the General Station. — Restacraxts at the Central
Station and at the Hotels Schaumhurg, Germania. Kaiserhof, and Central
(see above; ; also. Schorn, Schlagvorder-Str. 22 (PL E, 3), D. 3 J^.
Cabs. 1-2 pers. per 1/4 hr. 60, V'., hr. 90 pf., 1 hr. IV2 ^; 3-4 pers.
80 pf., 1 ^S 20 pf.. and 2 JC. — Electric Tramways through the chief
thoroughfares (see Plan). — Post & Telegraph Office (PL E, 3), Witte-
kind-Str. 5.
OsnabrucJc (190 ft.i, a town on the Hase, with 60,000 inhab.
and extensive iron-works, the capital of a bishopric founded by
Charlemagne in 785, but suppressed in 1803, has since 1858 again
been the seat of a Roman Catholic bishop.
From the General Railway Station (PL E, F, 3) the Moser-Str.
leads to the centre of the town, via the Groethe-Platz , with an
Equestrian Statue of Emp. William I. 'PI. 4; E, 3j, the Gewerhe-
Halle (PL 8; industrial exhibition), and the Moser-Platz (PL C, 3)
to the X. of which is the Herz-Jesu-Kirche (PL D, 2; 1901).
A little farther on rises the Cathedral (Rom. Cath. ; PL D, 2),
a spacious cruciform structure (12-13th cent.) partly in the Ro-
manesque and partly in the transitional stj'le, with an octagonal
tower above the crossing and two square "W. towers.
The I>-terior (verger. Xo. 4, Kleine Domfreiheit) contains a bronze
font of the 12th cent., a large wooden crucifix of the 13th cent., and
eight late-G-othic figures of the Apostles (in the ambulatory). — The
* Treasury, in the late-Romanesque sacristy, includes five fine reliquaries
(12-15th cent.), crucifixes, croziers. etc. An ivory comb and set of
chessmen, said to have belonged to Charlemagne, really date from the
12th century.
The Grosse Domfreiheit (PL D, 2), to the K of the cathedral,
is adorned with a bronze Statue of Justus Moser (1720-94), the
patriotic author and philanthropist, by Drake.
A little to the ^. is the Market Place fPl. D, 2), with some
old gabled houses and the Rathaus (,P1. 12;, erected at the close
of the 15th cent., where the negociations for the Peace of West-
phalia were carried on from 1643 to 1648. The 'Friedens-SaaP,
OSNABRDCK. s. Route. 7I
restored in 1890, contains portraits of princes and ambassadors,
and other reminiscences of that period (comp. p. 84). The statues
of emperors on the facade are modern. The so-called "^Imperial
Goblet ('Kaiserpokar), a silver-gilt cup of the 14th cent, (altered
in the 16th cent.), is shown only by a magistrate's order.
The adjacent *Marien-Kirche (Prot.; PL C, D, 2; sexton,
Markt 12) is a noble Grothic structure, borne by very lofty, slender
columns. The nave was erected in :! 306-18, the choir and the
retro-choir about 1420. The sculptures on the 'Paradiespforte' are
modern copies (originals in the Museum, see below). The carved
altar (freely restored) dates from the beginning of the 16th cent.,
the font from 1560.
In the Kanzler-Wall, No. 28, to the S., is the Museum (PI. C, 3),
containing a natural history cabinet and G-ermanic antiquities (open
free on Wed. & Sun. 11-1, Sat. 3-5; at other times 50 pf. ; catalogue
30 pf.). — The Gothic Katharinen-Kirche (Prot.; PL 3, C, D, 3)
dates from the 14th cent, and was restored in 1881; the tower is
338 ft. high. — The Royal Palace (PL D, 3), a handsome baroque
edifice, was built in 1662-75 and enlarged in the 18th century. —
In the Johannis-Kirche (PL D, E, 4), of the 13th cent., are some
interesting wood-carvings and statues (sexton, Johannis-Str. 85). —
The Burger -Park (PLD,E,1; adjoined by the large Insane
Asylum), the Westerberg (PL A, 1), and (2 M.) Steinka7np are
pleasant resorts for walkers.
From Osnabruck a branch-line runs to (33 M.) BracJcicede (p. 35). —
To Quakenbriick and Oldenburg, see p. Ill; to Cologne, or to Bremen
and Hamburg, see R. 19.
191 M. Melle (pop. 3300; Bahnhof-Hotel), on the ^^56/201 M.
Bilnde (220 ft.; pop. 5100; Deutscher Kaiser), with salt springs,
also on the Else. — 208 M. Ldh7ie, where the Cologne and Hanover
line is reached (see p. 37). From Lohne to —
260 M. Hanover, see R. 3.
9. Hanover.
In the following description the large general plan of Hanover is
referred to as PL I, the smaller plan of the inner city as PL II.
Hotels. Near the Station: *H6tel Royal (PL II, a; D, 3), R. from
31/2, B. 11/2, dej. 3, D.4, pens, from 101/2-^; ^Bristol (PL II, c; D, 3),
R. 31/2-10, B. IV2, dej. 21/2, D. 3-4, pens, from 10 JC; Savoy Hotel
(PI. II, d; D, 3), R. 2-4, B. 1, D. IV2-2V2 -^; *Rheinischer Hof (PL II, b ;
D, 3), R. 2i/r5, D- 3, pens, from 71/2 ^; Bornemann's (PL II, e; D, 3),
r! 21/1-31/2, B. 1, D. 21/2 JC, very fair ; Central (PL II, f ; D, 3) ; Wachsking's
(PL II, p; D, 3); Russischer Hof (PL II, q; D, 3), R. 2-3, D. I1/2-2 JC;
Hannover (PL II, r; D, 3), R. from 21/2 JC ; Hohenzollern (PL II, s;
D, 3), R. 13/,-3, D. 11/2^; Otto (PL II, t; D, 3), R. 21/2-6.^; Kronprinz
' III the Town (not far from the station): *Kasten's (PL II, h; D, 3),
Theater-Platz 9, with restaurant; Reichshof (PL II, v: D, 3), Grosse Pack-
72 Rovfe 9. HANOVER. Practical Notes.
hof-Str. 18: Tier Jahreszeitex (PL II. n; D, 4). ^gidientor-Platz 2;
Bayrischer Hof PL II, m : D. 3). Liiisen-Str. 10, R. 3-5, D. V^j^JC: Dase-
Kixcx's Hotel PL II. w ; C, 3), Georg-Str. 46. R. 13 >3 .4C : Hot. de l'Europe
(PL II, 1: D, 3). Luisen-Str. 4: Evaxgelische Yereixshauser at Limburg-
Str. 3 (PL II: C, 3) and Prinzen-Str. 12 (PL II. o; D, 4). R. from IV4,
B. 3^. D. I^^'JC.
Pensions. Fran Hagemeister, Holtv-Str. 11 (PL II ; D, 4), 31/2-6 .^:
Pension Internationale. Prinzen-Str. 2 (PL II : D. 3. 4), d-1'^IoJC: Frau
Schafer. Heinrich-Str. 44 (PL II: D. 3), S^j^-oJC: Frdulein Wuthemann,
Heinrich-Str. 34: Si)arkuhl , Marien-Str. 61: Xoltemeier, Lemforder-
Str. 11 (PL II: D. 4 . 4-6.^; Von Thielen, Prinzen-Str. 21 (PL II: D, 3, 4),
5-61 2 J^.
Kestaurants. TVixe. *Geo?'gshaUe. in Kasten's Hotel (see p. 71);
BatsireinkeUcr. in the Old Rathaus (p. 74), D. (1-3 p.m.) 2 JC; *Spiess,
Langelaube 47, D. (1-3) 2 JC ; MicTiaelis, Windmiihlen-Str. 5, D. (1-3)
li.2^4!;; Pw-sf, Theater-Platz 7; Lucke, Standehaus-Str. 1, with oyster-
saloon: Filers. Langelaube 46: Continental Bodega, Georg-Str. 38. —
Beer. *3Iunchner BurgerhrdH, in Kasten's Hotel (seep. 71); ^Franzis-
kaner. in the Bayrische Hof (see above): Hansahaus, ^gidientor-Platz ;
Bheinischer Hof. see p. 71: Kidmhacher Bierhalle, Bahnhof-Str. 13. —
Automatic Bestat'.rant, Standehaus-Str. 4.
Cafes. ^Kropcke, at the pavilion in the Theater-Platz, with garden ;
Schmidt, Theater-Platz 16a, corner of Bahnhof-Str., on the first floor;
Wiener Cafe. Georg-Str. 37: Cafe Palais, Georg-Str. 8, on the first
floor. — Confectioners. A>fJi)6, Bahnhof-Str. 12; S'2<^r, Georg-Str. 29 ;
Hartmann. Grosse Paekhof-Str. 2.
Theatres. *Boyal Theatre (PL II, D 3 : closed in June, July, and
Aug.): narquet 'stalls) 31 .,-6. dress-circle 4-8 JC : concerts in winter. —
Be s i den z- Theater (PL II: D. 4). Markt-Str. 47 (closed from May to Aug.),
modern plavs, reserved seat from 2 ^^ 10 pf . — Deut^ches Theater (PL II ;
C. 3), Reuter-Str. 10 (closed in summer). — Union-Theater (PL II; D, 4),
Masch-Str. 12 ^.summer Xhed^XxQ). — Mellini-Theater (PL II; C, 3), Artillerie-
Str. 10 (varieties-.
Amusements. In the town: Tivoli (PL II: D, 3), Konig-Str., con-
certs in summer daily restaurant). — Outside the town: Zoological
Garden 'p. 79(. band dailv except Sat. ; Lister Turm: Xeues Haus (p. 79),
all three in the Eilenriede (PL I; E-G. 1-3); Parkhaus (PL I; B, 1), near
Herrenhausen.
Baths. Municipal Baths (PL II: C. 3). Goseriede, with Turkish,
Russian, and swimming baths for ladies and gentlemen: Luisenbad,
Luisen-Str. 5 PL II : D, 3 . — Schroder's Biver Baths, behind the Archive
Building p. 7 7\
Taximeter Cabs (horse and motor). For 1-2 pers., 800 metres
50 pf .. each 400 m. more 10 pf . ; 3-4 pers., 600 m. 50 pf., each 300 m. more
10 pf . : at night (10 p.m. to 7 or 8 a.m.), 400 m. 50 pf., each 200 m. more
10 pf. : waiting. 10 pf. per 4 minutes. From the rail, station 25 pf. extra.
Luggage up to 25 lbs. free, up to 55 lbs. 25 pf.
Electric Tramways fares 10-25 pf.). The main points of inter-
section are the BaiJiroy Station (PL I. D 3 : lines 3, 5. 7-10, 13, 15, 17, 19) :
the Cafe Kropcke PL 11. D 3 : lines 1. 3-11. 13. 15. 17-19j : the JEgidientor-
Platz PL I. D 4: lines 1. 2. 4. 14. 20 : and the Schwarzer Bar (PL I. B4;
lines 2-5. 7. 10. 12. 13. 15. 17). — 1. From Wulfel ^S.E.) via Herren-
hausen to Leinhausen (X.^^.). — 2. Inner Circle (Bundbahn). From the
Schwarzer Bar (PL I: B. 4) to the Kciniirsworther-Platz (PL II: B, C, 3),
Bodeker-Str. (PL I : E. 2). ^gidientor-Platz (PL D, 4), and Schtcarzer Bar.
— 3. From the Lister turin^CPl. I : E. 1 > to Ricklingeu and the Landwehr-
Schenke (S.). — 4. From Fischerhof (n. 1: B, 6) to the Pferde-Turm
(PL I; F, G, 4). — 5. From Xieschlag-Strasse (PL I; B, 4) to the Pferde-
Turm. Tiergarten. Anderteu. and Misburg (E.). — 6. From Limmer to
the Zoological Garden (PL I: F. 3). — 7. From Xieschlag-Strasse (PL I;
B. 4) to the Markthalle and Buchholz (X... — 8. From Hainholz (PL I;
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Ernst- August-Platz. HANOVER. 0. Boute. 73
B, C, 1) to Bodeker-Strasse (PL I; E, 2). — 9. From Vahrenwald (N.) to
Lister Turin and Vier Grenzen. — 10. From Steintor to Barsinghausen
(see p. 79). — 11. From Hanover to Hildesheim^ see p. 79. — 12. From
Limmer (PI. I; A, 3) to FlHCherhof (PI. I; B, H). ~ 13. From the Markt-
Halle (PI. I; D, 4) to Buchliolz, Misburg, and Anderten (E.). — 14. From
Limmer (Pl.I ; A, 3) to the Rottger-Str. and Pferde-Turm (Pl.I; F, 0,4).—
15. From Niederschlag-Strasse (PI. I; B, 4) to Haimar (E.). — 16. From
the JEgidientor-Flatz (PI. I ; D, 4) to the Zoologiccd Garden (P. I ; F, 3). —
17. From the Markt-Halle (Pl.I; D, 4) to Buchholz, Bothfeld, Isern-
hagen, and Burgwedel (N.). — 18. Yvom Hainholz (PI. I; B, C, 1) to the
JEgidientor - Platz (Pl.I; D, 4). — 19. From Vahrenwald (N.) to the
Pferde-Turm (P. I; F, G, 4). — 20. From Lister Turm (PI. I; E, 1) to
the Bohmer-Str. (PI. I; E, 5). — 21. From Rethen to Pattensen.
Post and Telegraph Office (PI. II ; D, 3), in the Ernst-August-Platz.
United States Consul : Bobt. J. Thompson, Esq. ; vice-consul, James
M. Bou'cock, Esq. — British. Vice-Consul: C. C. Stevenson, Esq. —
Intelligence Office for Strangers ('Verein zur Forderung des Fremden-
verkehrs'), Ernst-August-Platz 5, 1st floor (PI. II; D, 3).
English Church, in the Nicolai-Kapelle, Goscriede (PI. C, 3) ; services
at 11,30 a.m. and 6.30 p.m.
Chief Attractions (one day). Morning: Georg-Strasse (nee he\o\x),
Market Place (p. 74), House of Leibnitz (p. 74), Provincial Museum
(p. 75). Afternoon: Georgs-Garten (p. 78), Herrenhausen (p. 78), and
Mausoleum (p. 78).
Hanover (255 ft.), formerly tlie capital of the kingdom of
Hanover, now that of the Prussian province of that name, and the
headquarters of the 10th Army Corps, with 250,000 inhab. (308,000,
including the suburb of Linden)., is situated in a well-cultivated
plain on both banks of the Leine^ which is here joined by the
Ihme. Among its industrial products are machinery, iron, textiles,
and ledgers. The irregularly-built old town still contains a number
of antiquated houses of the 15-1 7th cent., while handsome new
quarters have arisen to the N. and E. In contrast to the older stucco
fronts, most of the modern buildings are constructed of brick, an
improvement mainly due to the architect K. W. Hase (1818-1902)
The name of Hanover appears for the first time in a document of
1156. Henry the Lion (p. 85) built a castle here, but this was destroyed
by the citizens in 1371, three years after the town had joined the Han-
seatic League. The Reformation was introduced in 1529-33. Duke John
Frederick (1665-79) did much to advance the town and appointed Leibnitz
the head of his Library in 1676 (comp. p. 77). The union of Hanover
with England in 1714 and the consequent loss of the court proved a
serious blow to the city. This union, however, ended at the death of
William IV. (18S1), and Ernest Augustus (1837-51) became the first King
of Hanover. In 1866 the Kingdom was annexed l3y Prussia.
In the spacious Ernst-August-Platz (PL II; D, 3), in front of
the railway-station, rises an "^Equestrian Statue of Ernest Augustus
(d. 1851), in bronze, by A. Wolff (1860).
The Bahnhof-Strasse leads straight on to the Gteorg-Strasse
(PI. II; C, D 3), the chief thoroughfare of the city, between the
old and new town. Turning here to the left, we find ourselves in the
Theater-Platz (PI. II; D, 3), in which rises the Royal Theatre,
built in 1845-52 by Laves, The principal fagade is adorned with a
74 ^otde 9. HANOVER. Mgidientor-Platz.
handsome portico and statues of twelve celebrated poets and com-
posers. In the Theater-Platz are statues of the composer Marschner
1 1795-1861 1, Stromeyei^ (^1804-76), the famous surgeon, and Kar-
marsch (1803-79), the founder and director of the Polytechnic
Academy at Hanover. The first (PI. 9) is by F. Hartzer, the others
(PL 10 and 8i by Rassau of Dresden.
In the G-eorgs-Platz (PL II; D. 4\ to the S. of the Theater-
Platz. rises a bronze Statue of Schiller^ by Engelhard (1863). At
the corner of the Landschaft-Str. is the Industrial Exhibition (Ge-
werhehalle; open daily, except Mon., 11-2 and 5-7; closed on Sat.
afternoon, also on Sun. afternoon in summer; 20 pf.). On the W.
side of the square is the IrapeHal Bank (1895-96). — To the S.E.
of the G-eorgs-Platz, and adjoining it, lies the ^gidiextor-Platz
(PL II; D, 4), an important tramway- centre (p. 72). The Breite
Strasse leads hence to the W. towards the Altstadt, passing the
Gothic ^gidien-Kirche (PI. II, D 4; 14th cent.; restored in 1874),
with a baroque tower. Opposite the church lOster-Str. 59) is the
old Justiz-Kanzlei (PL 1 ), a handsome late-Gothic brick building,
with a lofty gable (15th cent.). — The Markt-Str., in which is a
bronze statue of Hannovera. by '^>gener (1889), runs X.W. from
the .Egidien-Kirche to the Market Place (PL C, 4), the centre of
the old town.
The old *E,athaus PL II; D, 4). on the S.E. side of the square,
erected in the late-Gothic style in 1435-80, was restored in 1878-82
and enlarged in 1891. The large reception-hall is decorated with
frescoes by Schaper shown by castellan, Kobelinger-Str. 59; 20 pf.).
— In front of the Rathaus is a tasteful Gothic Fountain^ in bronze,
by Hase (1881), with figures by Engelhard, and nearer the Markt-
Kirche is a bronze Luther Monument (PL 5), by Dopmeyer (1900).
At the base of the high pedestal supporting the figure of the re-
former are seated figures of the Duchess Elizabeth (left; and Duke
Ernest the Confessor (rightj.
The Markt-Kirehe fPl. II; C, 4), a brick building of the 14th
cent., is open on Tues. and Frid., 11-1 (sacristan, Markt 3). The
interior, restored in 1855 and adorned with painting by Schaper
in 1893, contains fine modern stained glass by A. von Kreling and
others. The glass in the three central windows of the choir is of
the 14th century. Tower 300 ft. high. — To the X. of the church
is a Statue of Pastor Bodeker (PL 71, by Dopmeyer (1880j.
Xo. 10 in the Schmiede-Str., at the corner of the Kaiser-Strasse,
was once "^Leibnitz's House (PL II; C, 3); it has a sandstone fagade
of 1652, with rich plastic ornamentation. The interior (restored
by Haupt in 1891-92), which tiov^ QonXdim^W^ Industrial Museum,
an interesting collection of art-industrial objects and antiquities
(open daily 10-2, Sun. 11-2; adm. 20 pf.; at other times shown by
the keeper. 50 pf.\ affords an excellent idea of a German merchant's
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Royal Palace. HANOVER. 5. Route. 75
house of the period. — No. 28 in the quaint Knochenhauer-Str.
(PL II; C, 3) is a beautiful late-Gothic brick building.
The extensive Royal Palace (PI. II; C, 4), with its back to
the Leine, was built in the 17th cent, and altered in 1817 (open
daily, 10-6, in winter 10-4, adm. 25 pf.; entrance by Portal No. 2).
The chapel contains an altar-piece by L. Cranach the Elder, re-
presenting the Crucifixion. Opposite the main facade of the palace,
in the Lein-Str., is the Alte Palais (PL II; C, 4), built in 1752. —
A little to the S. are the turretted Waterworks (PL 3) and a mon-
umental fountain (1900). At the corner of the Friedrich-Strasse
is the old palace of George Y., now the Town Hall (PL II; C, 4).
Farther on, in the grounds to the right of the Friedrich-Str., is the —
Kestner Museum (PL II, 6 4; open daily, 10-2, Sun. 11-2;
in summer also on Wed. 3-6; catalogues 30 & 50 pf.), which con-
tains the collections presented to the town in 1884 by Herr Her-
mann Kestner (grandson of Charlotte Kestner; comp. p. 77), con-
sisting of Egyptian, Greek, Etruscan, and Roman antiquities, coins,
cameos, paintings, and engravings. It contains also the collec-
tion of mediaeval works of art, rare books, autographs, and paintings
left by Senator Culemann, and bought by the town, and the
Municipal Library (open daily, 10-1). — Near the museum is the
new Town Hall (PL II; D, 4), erected in 1901-9 from the plans of
Eggert, with a huge dome over the central part. Behind is the
Masch Park, with a Bismarck Column by Sasse (1900). — To the
E. side of the Town Hall is the Gutenberg Fountain, by Rowald
and Dopmeyer (1890). — Farther on, to the S., rises the —
New Provincial Museum (PL II; D, 4), a sandstone building
in the Renaissance style by Stier, erected in 1897-1902. The collec-
tions include the Cumberland Gallery (pictures and sculptures
belonging to the royal house of Brunswick and Liineburg), and the
Gueljoh Museum (transferred from Herrenhausen in 1896). The
museum is open daily 10-3, Sun. and holidays 11-2; closed on the
chief festivals. Entr. in the Bennigsen-Str. Director, Dr. Behncke.
GrROUND Floor. Rooms 1 & 2 , to the right of the entrance : Pre-
historic remains, including interesting neolithic vessels. — R. 3. Sepul-
chral urns of the Roman and early-Saxon periods ; to the right of the
door, *Bronze vessels from Westersode and Hemmoor. — RR. 3a, 4, & 5.
Ethnographical collections. — We return to R. I and ascend to the —
Main Floor. Rooms 25 & 27 : Plaster casts. — R. 26. Marble sculp-
tures, including an antique group of Perseus and Andromeda. — RR. 28
& 29. Ecclesiastical antiquities from the Guelph Museum : *Reliquaries ;
large winged altar-piece from the ^gidien-Kirche (15th cent.) ; crucifixes ;
mediaeval embroideries ; three wooden statues by Tilman Riemenschneider
(Madonna, John the Evangelist, John the Baptist). — R. 30 (to the right).
Weapons, armour, instruments of torture. Banners of the Anglo-Hanov-
erian legion of 1803-15. — R. 33. Altars; crucifixes; weapons; large
Persian prayer -carpet (17th cent.). — RR. 37-39. Geological, botanical,
and mineralogical collections.
Second Floor. Cabinets I-XX contain the ancient, RR. 40-48 and
Cab. XXI-XXV the modern Paintings.
76 lioHte 9. HAXOYER. Waterloo-Platz. '
Old Masters. — Cab. I: 320. Baphon, Altar of the Virgin (1503). —
Cab. II: Cranach the Elder, 65. Christ and John the Baptist. 66. Luoretia
(1515;: Holbein the Younger, 151. Portrait, *150. Edward YI. of England
(15.38) : 416. Master of the Death of the Virgin, Holv Family with St. Anna.
— Cab. Ill: Ziesenis, Frederick the Great. — Cab. IX: 91. G. Don,
The old scribe : 236. Jlierevelt. Old woman (1633) ; 130. Dir/c Hals, Lesson
on the flute: *34S Rubens, Xessus and Dejanira: 357. J. van JRuysdael,
Landscape. — Cab. Y: Dutch works. — Cab. YI:' 263. Xetscher, Portrait
il673;. — Cab. YII : 129. Dirk Hals. Man and wife. — Cab. YIII : 578.
S. de Mieger, Dutch coast. — Cab. IX: 247. J. 31. Molenaer, Peasants;
185. K. du Jardin, Portrait of himself ^666. — Cab. X : 116. A. de Gelder,
Portrait. — Cab.'XI: 246. Jlolenaer. Peasants. — Cab. XII: 278. Pala-
medesz, Portrait of himself (1624 : 469. Spanish Master (?j, Portrait of
Yelazquez. — Cab. XIII: 11. Sodoma, Madonna, with SS. Joseph and
Bernard of Siena ; 13. Scarsellino, Yenetian nursery, with charming genre
episodes. — Cab. XIY-XX: Italian school.
Modern Painters. R. 41. Sir Thos. Lawrence, 111. Yiscount Canter-
bury, 110 (farther on) William Pitt: 28. Bleibtreu , Battle on the Katz-
bach : 113. Lessing , Emp. Henry lY. at the convent of Priifening; 158.
Schirmer, Storm: 2. A. Achenbach, Winter joys. — R. 40. Landscapes.
— R. 43. To the right, IS. Hilbner. the sons's return; 40. Camphausen,
Puritans; 1. A. Achenbach. BrielK^Yhonr. — B.. U. To the left, ^. A. Adam,
Napoleon at the siege of Ratisbon. — R. 45. Works by Fr. Kaulbach
(1822-1903). — R. 46!^ Xo. 503. Bracht, Hannibal's grave; 339. Baisch,
Cattle ; 213. Spitzweg, Rendezvous ; no numbers, Vinnen, In the park,
Modersohn. Landscape. Ziigel, Cows drinking. In the middle, Meunier,
At the watering-place (bronze). — R. 47. No. 312. Piloty, Death of Caesar.
— R. 48. No number. Firle, Nativity; 334. Bokelmann, Arrest; 502.
Kallmorgen, At the ferry: 350. Vogel, Duke Ernest the Confessor re-
ceiving the sacrament; no number, Lenbach. Bismarck. — Cab. XXII.
No number. Defregger. Study of a head. — Cab. XXIII. No number,
Ed. von Gcbhardt. Last Supper: A. von Werner, Death-bed of Emp.
William I. — Cab. XXI Y. Works by Kaulbach. — Cab. XXY. No. 499.
Lieberrnann, Dutch village.
Rooms 49-57. Natural history collections. The birds (Rooms 51-53)
are specially good.
To tlie E. of the Museum is a Figure of Wotan, by Engelhard
1^1902', and to the ^. of it is a Statue of Rudolf von Bennigsen
(d. 1902), the statesman, by Gtmdelach (1907).
We now return to the Waterworks <p. 75). cross the Leine, and
reach the spacious drill-ground called the AVaterluo-Platz i PL II ;
C, 4), at the farther end of which rises the Waterloo Column.,
154 ft. in height, erected in 1826-32. Good survey of the town
from the top (188 steps; in summer opened by a keeper for a trifling
fee ; in winter the key is obtained at the barracks to the right, Xo. 3.).
On each side are barracks, and to the E. is also the spacious
Arsenal J built in 1846 (adm. to the 'Fahnenhalle' on Wed. & Sat.,
10-11.45, gratis; at other times on application at the Artillery
Depot, 50 pf.). Close by, in the AVaterloo-Platz, are the Police
Headquarters and the Military School. At the X. end is the
Statue of Count Alien 1 1764-1840; PL 6;, the Hanoverian general
at Waterloo and commander of the Anglo-Hanoverian Legion in
Spain. On the W., between this and the barracks, is a small temple
with a bust of Leibnitz (d. 1716; p. 74;, by the Irish sculptor
Kunstlerhaus. HANOVER. 0. Route. 77
Hewetson (1790). Leibnitz is interred in the neighbouring Neu-
stadter Kirche (PL C, 4).
At the back of Greneral Alten's monument is the building of the
Royal Archives and Library (PL II; C, 4), erected in 1719 and
enLirged in 1891-92. The librciry (adm. Mon., Tues., Thurs., &
Frid. 9-1, Wed. & Sat. 9-12 and 2-4) contains 200,000 vols, and
memorials of Leibnitz. Adjacent are the Government Offices^ a
Romanesque structure by Hunssus, and the Reformed Church
(1897). — The Ernst- August Palais (PL II; C, 4), in the Adolf-
Str. (No. 2), now contains the military headquarters of the province.
The Synagogue (PL II; C, 4) is built in an oriental style by
Oppler (1870). — In the Goethe-Platz (PI. II ; C, 3) is the Romanesque
Garrison Churchy built by Hehl in 1891-96. — We may now
return via the busy Goethe -Strasse (PL II; C, 3) to the Georg-
Strasse, crossing the Goethe-Brllcke (view of tower of oldBeguinage
to the right).
A few yards to the E. of the Theater -Platz (p. 73) is the
Kiinstlerhaus (PL II; D, 3), Sophien-Str. 2, a Romanesque edi-
fice by Hase^ completed in 1858. Art exhibitions are held on the
first floor between Feb. and May (75 pf.). The E. wing, entered from
the Prinzen-Str. (No. 4), contains the Hanoverian Museum (Vater-
Idndische Museum)^ with Hanoverian uniforms, costumes, and an-
tiquities (open free daily 10-2, Sun. 11-2; at other times shown by
the custodian, 50 pf.).
A few yards to the E. of the Kunstlerhaus, at the beginning of
the pleasant street named Am Schiffgraben (PL II; D, E, 3), stands
the House of the Provincial Diet, an edifice in the Italian style
by Wallbrecht (1880). — To the S., in the Marien-Str., is the Garten-
Kirche (PL II; D, 4), built in the early-Gothic style in 1887-91.
In the churchyard lies Charlotte Kestner, Werther's Lotte (d. 1828),
who lived at ^gidien-Str. 4.
The Misburger Damm (PL I; E, F, 4; the E. continuation of
the Marien-Str.), the Schiffgraben (PL I; D, E, 3), and the Konig-
Str. (PL I; D, E, 3), the chief approaches to the Eilenriede (p. 79),
traverse a pleasant residential quarter. In the Misburger Damm is
the Veterinary College (1895-99). The circular space at the end of
the Konig-Str. is embellished with a War Monument (PL I; D, E, 3)
by Yolz, erected in 1884. — To the E. of the railway-station are
the Laiv Courts (PL II; D, 3), a Renaissance edifice by Adler (1882).
The Georg-Str. (see above) is continued towards the N.W. by the
Langelaube (PL II; C, 3). No. 3 in this street is the so-called
Haus der Vdter, of 1619, now occupied by the Men's Choral
Society. A little to the N. is the Goseriede (PL II; C, 3), on which
is the Goose Fountain (PL G-B.), by Dopmeyer. Farther on is the
Nicolai Chapel (PL II; C, 3), dating from the middle of the 14th
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 6
78 lioute 9. HAXOYER. Herrenhausen.
cent., now the English Church. The adjoining colonnade contains
some good 17th cent, sculpture by Hanoverian artists. Close by
is the monument of the poet Holty iPl. H-D.: 1748-76), erected in
1901. On the X.W. side of the Klages-Markt (PL II; C, 3) is the
Christus-Kirche (PL II; C, 2). a handsome Grothic brick church
by Hase il86-4), with o^ood stained o;lass i sacristan. Grustav-Adolf-
Strasse 1 1. Dr. Windthorst (d. 1891), long the leader of the 'Cen-
trum', or Roman Catholic party, in the German Reichstag, is buried
in the Marien-Kirche (PL I: C, 2), in the Paul-Str., to the X.
The Celler-Str. leads to the X.E. from the Xicolai Cemetery to
the Welfen-Platz iPl. I; D, 2), with its large barracks. In the
Vahrenwalder-Strasse, farther to the X., is the Military Riding
Institute 'PL I: D, li. for training riding-masters for the army.
ExYiRoxs OF Haxover ( tramways , see p. 72). — From the
Konigsworther-Platz (PL I; B, C, 3), at the AV. end of the Lange-
laube (p. 77;, the BjERREXHlrsER Allee (PL I: A, B. 2i, a fine
avenue of limes, 1^ 4 M. long and 120 yds. wide, laid out in 1726,
leads to Schloss Herrenhausen. To the right rises the imposing
Welfen-Schloss. or Palace of the Gruelphs, in the Romanesque
style, with five towers, fitted up in 1878-80 as a Polytechnic
School PL I; B, 2). Above the portal are statues of Henry the
Lion. Ernest the Confessor, the Elector Ernest Augustus, and King
Ernest Augustus. Behind the Palace is the pretty Wei fen- Garten.
Farther on. on the same side, stands the Prinzenhaus (PL I, B 2;
removed hither from the G-oethe-Str.i. In 1774-95 it was occupied
by Charles. Duke of Mecklenburg, father of Queen Louisa of Prussia
and Queen Frederica of Hanover. — On the other side of the avenue
is the Georgs-Garten iPl. I; A. B, 2), a park in the English style,
which extends to Herrenhausen and contains a royal chateau and
a cafe.
Schloss Herrenhausen PL I. A 1; no admission), at the
farther end of the avenue, was built in 1698 and was the favourite
residence of G-eorge I. (d. 1727), George 11. (d. 1760), and G-eorge V.
(d. 1878 1. The "^'Garden [Grosse Garten: PL A, 2j, 120 acres in
area, laid out in the old French style, contains statues copied from
antiques and monuments of Hanoverian princes. The marble statue
of the Electress Sophia, by Engelhard, stands on the spot where she
expired in 1714. Xear the Orangery (1692), on the E. side, is a
large Garden Theatre. The fountains play every Wed. and Sun.
from Whitsunday to Sept. dn May -Aug. 4-6, in Sept. 3-5). The
waters of the great fountain rise to the height of 141 ft. — To the
X. of the Schloss is the Berg-Garten (PL I; A, 1). containing palm,
orchid, and Victoria Regia houses, etc. (fee, 30-50 pL). — At the
end of the orarden is the '^'Mausoleum, built in 1842-46, contain-
ing the monuments of King Ernest Augustus [d. 1851) and Queen
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Geograpt. Anst.v.'Wagaer &Debes, Leipzig.
HILDESHEIM. lO- t^o'ffe. 79
Frederica (d. 1841) by Raach (open from April to 8t3pt. 9-6, Oct.
to March 10-4; closed on Snn.; apply to the castellan in the W.
front wing of the Schloss, No. 1 a).
In an annexe of the Schloss arc the Historical Portrait Gallerij
(PI. II. P.-G.), tlie Family Museum (PL F.-M.), and the unimportant Coach
Houses and Harness Rooms (Pi. W.-M.); adm. on week - days , A^iril-
Sept. 9-6, Oct.-Marcli 10-4; fee.
The Eilenriede (PI. I; E, P, Gr, 1-6), a wood belonging to the
town, affords beautiful walks and contains numerous restaurants
(Neues Hans, PL E 3 ; Liste?^ Turm, PL E 1 ; Steuerndieh, PL a 1 ;
Pferdeturm^ PL F, G, 4; Kirchroder Turm^ PL H 4; Bischofs-
hole^ PL Gr 5; Dohrener Turm^ PL E 6). — In the Tiergarten-Str.,
11/4 M. from the Theater-Platz, is the Zoological Garden (PL F, 3),
with well-kept grounds and a restaurant (adm. 60 pf. ; concerts
several times a week).
To the S.W. of Hanover lies Linden {Scliivarzer Bar Restaurant,
PL I, B, 4), an industrial suburb, with a Gothic Rathaus (1898). — Tlie
Lindener Berg (285 ft.; PL A, B, 5), on the top of which are situated the
Municipal Waterworks , commands an extensive view.
The Deer Park at Kirchrode (V2 M. from the Kirchroder Turni, see
above; electric tramway, No. 5), which contains tame deer, is much visited.
Hanover is connected by Electric Tramways with Barsinghausen
(16 M. ; 12/3 hr. ; fare 55 pf .) and Hildesheim (I8V2 M. ; IV2 hr. ; fare 60 pf .).
From Hanover to Soltau (Liinehurger Heide) y see p. 40; to Berlin
and to Cologne, see R. 3; to Hamburg, see E. 17; to Bremen, see E,. 14;
to Rottei'dam, see R. 8; to Hameln and Altenheken (Dilsseldorf) , see
pp. 46, 45; to Cassel (Frankfort), see R. 7; to Leipzig via Magdeburg,
see p. 39.
10. Hildesheim.
Hotels. *H6tel d'Angleterre (PL a; C, 2), R. 21/4-4, B. 1, D. 2'^UJC,
with restaurant (beer on the groundfloor, wine on the 1st floor) ; *Kaiser-
HOF (PL c; C, 1), R. & B. 3-6, D. I1/4-2 JC, with restaurant (beer); Hotopp
(PL d; C, 1), R. 21/4-4, B. 1, D. 11/2-21/2^, very fair, these two at the
station ; Europaischer Hof (PL h ; C, 1), R. from 2, D. I1/2-21/2 c^ ; Wiener
Hof (PL b ; C, 3), R. from 2, D. I1/2-3 JC, with restaurant and garden, very
fair; Bairischer Hof (PL e; C, 2); Krone (Pl.g; C, 2), R. I1/4-I3/4 JC:
Restaurants. ^Raihcag Restaurant, D. I'^j^^; Unionhaus (Pl.B, 3) ;
Hasse, Markt-Str. 11, opposite the Rathaus (PL C, 2), D. I1/2 tS; Knazop's
Etablissement (PL D, 2) ; Automatic Restaurant, Hohe Weg 21 (PL C, 2, 3).
— Wine. Domschenke, Domhof 2 (PL B, 3); Ratsiceinkeller, under the
Rathaus; Limpricht, Markt-Str. 6 (PL C, 2); Biirger-WeinscTienke, with
garden, Hohe Weg 33. — Wiener Cafe, cor. Alms-Str. & WaU-Str. (PL
C, 2); Cafe Hohenzollern , Bernward-Str. 4 (PL C, 1). — Confectioner,
Brandes, Markt-Str. 2 (PL C, 2).
Electric Tramways from the railway station through the town
to the square called Am Platz (PL C, 3), and thence to the E. along the
Gosslarsche-Str. and to the W. to the Moritzberg.
Taximeter Cabs. For 1-2 pers., 50 pf. per 1000 metres, 10 pf.
for each 500 m. extra; 3-4 pers., 750 m. 50, each 375 m. more 10 pf . ; at
night (11-7 or 10-8), 1-4 pers., 500 m. 50 pf., each 250 m. more 10 pf. Luggage
from 22 to 55 lbs. 25 pf.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL B, 3), Domhof. — Baths (Bade-
hallen; PL C, 1, 2). — Information Bur eaitx, Bernward-Str. 23 (PL C, 1)
and Worth-Str. 10 (H. Cassel; PL D, 3).
6*
80 ^oide 10. HILDESHEIM. Rathaus.
Hildesheim (280 ft.), an ancieut town witli 47,000 inliab. (Ys
Rom. Cath.i. sitnated on the Innerste, has retained many mediaeval
characteristics. It became an episcopal see in 814, and attained its
greatest prosperity in the 15-1 6th centuries. After the inhabitants
had succeeded in shaking off the supremacy of the bishops it be-
came a member of the Hanseatic League <1241;, and it was a free
town of the Empire down to 1803.
At a very early period Hildesheim attained great importance as a
cradle of art! chiefly owing to the exertions of Bishop Bernv:ard (993-
1022). A number of buildings were erected by him ; and in particular
several fine specimens of Bronze Workmanship , such as the cathedral
doors , the Bernward Column , and the candelabrum and chalice in the
cathedral-treasurj-. v.ere executed under his auspices. Under the foster-
ing care of Bernward and his successors Godehard (1022-38) and Hezilo
(1054-79). and that of Bishop Bernhard (1130-54). Hildesheim became one
of the most important seats of Eomaxesqe Art in Germany. Nor is the
interest attaching to this venerable town confined to its mediaeval art,
for one of its most attractive and characteristic features consists of its
timber-architecture in the Grcrman Renaissance style. In several of the
buildings the traveller will observe traces of the obstinate resistance
offered by the Gothic forms to the more modern ideas, the full sway of
which was not established till the beginning of the ITth century. The
richly-decorated facades, executed by wood-carvers and sculptors (parth^
repainted), bear testimony to the taste, the humour, and the enterprise
of the burghers of that period.
From the JRailicay Station (PL C, 1) we follow the Bernward-
Str., passing the Hildesia Monument (hy B-Qder ; 1904), to the broad
Kaiser-Str., cross the latter, and follow the Alms-Str. to the *Alt-
stadter-Maekt (PI. C. 2), a fine mediaeval square surrounded by
several interestiug buildings. The late-Gothic Rathaus (PL C, 2),
with its arcades, was erected at the end of the 14th cent, and re-
stored in 1883-92. The fine hall is adorned with ceiling-paintings
by Mittag (after those in St. Michael's, see p. 81) and with excellent
frescoes by H. Prell 1892). — To the S. are the ^TempelhaaSy also
in the Gothic style (14th cent.?;, with a handsome oriel (1591) and
two round corner -turrets, and the Wedekind House (now a sav-
ino:s-banki. datinof from 1598. restored in 1900. and adorned with
carving. To the ^V. stands the '^Knochenhauer-AmthauSj or former
guild-house of the butchers, built in 1529, and probably the finest
timber building in Germany (restored after a fire in 1884). It is
adorned with admirable carving (comp. p. xxxiii). The Fountain
in the middle of the Platz, with figures of the ten paladins and a
small Eoland figure on the top, was erected in 1540 (Comp. p. 104).
— In the Roland -$tr. is the old Roland Hospital (PL B. 2;, a
building of 1611. The Kaiserhaus (PL B, 2j, Langer Hagen Xo. 12,
is a Renaissance edifice of 1586-7, adorned with medallion-busts of
Roman emperors and four statues probably representing the great
empires of the world;. — The old Ratshauhof > PL C, 3) dates in
part from 1540.
In the quaint old *Axdeeas-Platz ^PL B, C, 2, 3), a little to the
St MichaeVs. HILDESHETM. lO- T^onfe. 81
S.W. of the market-place, is tlie Protestant Andreas -Kirche,
with a choir of 1389, a tower 385 ft. high (completed in 1893j, and
a carved pulpit of 1642. Below the W. tower is a small Museum,,
with remains, sketches, and models of timber-houses, stone sculp-
tures, etc. (open free on Sun., 11-12; on other days key obtained at
Andreas-Platz 5). — The Trinity Hospital, Andreas-Platz No. 21,
the lower part of which dates from 1334, is now a factory. Oppo-
site (No. 3) is the Mercers^ Guild House (1482; restored). No. 28,
the Pfeilerhaus, has some elaborate carving (1632).
The Rom. Cath. Church of the Magdalen (PL A, 3 ; sacri-
stan, Mlihlen-Str. 21, opposite the church, to the S.W.), built in
1234-94 and entirely renewed in 1794, contains several interesting
works from the studio of Bishop Bernward (p. 80), including a gold
cross (994) and two candelabra (ca. 1008), also late-Romanesque
and early-Grothic candelabra and an elaborate rococo antependium
in silver.
*St. Michael's Church (PI. A, B, 2; sacristan, Michaelis-
Platz 3), formerly belonging to the Benedictines, founded by Bishop
Bernward and built in 1001-33, was restored in 1186 and in 1855-57
(by Hase, p. 73) and has been partly rebuilt since 1907. It is one
of the finest Romanesque churches in Grermany, and possesses
aisles, a double transept, and an elevated W. choir (restored about
1200); the crypt beneath it was consecrated in 1015. The church
once boasted of six towers. The S. transept and the W. tower were
torn down in 1662, the E. choir has also disappeared, and the E.
transept has been walled up.
The Interior is borne by pillars and columns alternately, two of the
latter being placed between two of the former. The pillars and several
of the colnmns (e. g. those at the junction of the transepts) date from
the time of Bernward. Part of the galleries of the transepts is of the
same period. The other columns, with their fine capitals, belong to the
building of 1186. The interesting ^Paintings on the flat wooden ceiling
of the nave (genealogy of Christ up to Jesse, prophets, fathers, Christ
as Judge, on a deep blue ground) date from the close of the 12th cent.,
and are the only ancient works of the kind on this side of the Alps.
The 'Christ enthroned' is a modern reproduction (1855). ■ — In the N.
transept are stucco figures (Mary, four apostles, St. Benedict, St. Bern-
ward holding a model of the church) ; above them, facing the choir, are
finely executed stucco-reliefs of angels ; and in the S. transept are stiffer
(painted) works in the same material and of the same period (12th cent.).
The bronze font in the S.E. transept was made by Dietrich Meute of
Hildesheim (1618). — The Crypt (used by the Roman Catholics), resting
on 10 pillars and 8 columns, contains the stone sarcophagus of St. Bern-
ward , his monument, of the 14th cent., and the original slab from his
tomb. The paintings are by Schaper (1893). — The adjacent abbey-
buildings are now used as a lunatic asylum. The cloisters (1241-59) , to
which visitors are admitted on application at the gate, are in the transi-
tional style.
The *Ilomer Museum (PL B, 3), partly endowed by Senator
Romer and now owned by the city, occupies the Grothic St. Mar-
tinis Church and the adjoining buildings (open free on Sun., 11-1;
82 Boute 10. HILDESHEIM. Cathedral.
on other days on application. 50 pf.: catalogue 30 pf.). It contains
casts of iuterestiug mediaeval and classical antiquities, some carved
altars, and a number of paintings of H. Rap-Hon and other early-
German masters: also a natural history collection, in which the
geological section is especially rich, and an ethnograiDhical collec-
tion. In front of the museum is a bronze bust of Senator Romer
(d. 1894), by Hartzer.
The *Catliedral (PL B. 3: Rom. Cath.), in the Romanesque
style, erected in 1055-61 Sunder Bishop Hezilo) on the site of an
earlier church (before 872'. with late-Gothic aisles fca. 1388) and
X. transept subsequently added (1412), was entirely disfigured in
the interior in 1724-30, while the W. towers were rebuilt in 1839
without reference to their original form. The cathedral is open on
week-days 10.30-12.30 and 3-5 (in summer 5.30), on Sun. & festi-
vals 12-1 and after the afternoon service until 5 (5.30); visitors to
the vestibule (brazen doors), choir, crypt, and cloisters are con-
ducted in parties; card of admission, 30 pf.
The brazen ^Doors which separate the W. vestibule from the nave,
executed by Bishop Bernward in 1015. are adorned with sixteen reliefs
(the Fall and Redemption) of considerable interest. The brazen Font of
the 13th cent., with reliefs, in the first chapel on the left, and the large
Candelabrum in the nave (walls and gates of the Heavenly Jerusalem),
presented by Bishop Hezilo (d. 1079), are also worthy* of notice. A small
polished column of calc-sinter near the choir is erroneously said to have
been an Irmensaule (p. 56). The Bood Loft is a fine Renaissance sculpture
in stone, executed in 1546. The choir -stalls date from the end of the
14th century. On the right and left of the high-altar are the gilded Sar-
copliagus of St. Godehard, with figures of the xVpostles of the beginning
of the 12th cent., and the silver-gilt Tomb of St. Epiphanius, of the be-
ginning of the 11th century. To the right of the choir rises a bronze
Easter Column fChristus-Sdule) by Bishop Bernward (1022), 15 ft. high,
with 24 groups in low relief of scenes from the life of Christ. — The Roman-
esque Crypt (restored in 1896) contains the tomb of St. Godehard (p. 83).
The two-storied ^Cloisters . in the late-Romanesque style . entered
from the S. transept, date from the 12th century. In the upper story
are the Cathedral or Beverin Library (25,000 volumes ; open on Tues. &
Sat., 10-12 and 2-4). and the old Bittersaal, containing 16th cent, tapestry
and church antiquities (adm. 50 pf.). The Chapel of St. Anne, in the centre
of the ^Cloister Garth ('Kreuzgarten*). was erected in 1321 and restored
in 1888. On the outside of the apse of the cathedral -crypt grows a
venerable Bose Bush, upwards of 30 ft. in height, and 30 ft. in width.
It is said to be 1000 years old. and its history is known since the 16th cen-
tury. The Romanesque Chapel of St. Laicrence, on the S. side of the
cloisters, contains the tomb of Bishop Udo (d. 1114).
The ^Treasury, above the sacristy (shown on application by the
sacristan. Domhof 10. on week-days 10. .30-12. 30 and after 3, on Sun. and
festivals 12-1 and after 4; adm. 1 JC). contains a number of very valuable
works of art of the 9-12th cent. : e. g. a silver cross, a Byzantine work,
with portraits of Constantine the Great and his mother Helena : an octagonal
casket of the 13th cent, enclosing the head of Oswald. King of >;orth-
umbria (d. 642 : the crown is of fhe 11th cent.) : reliquary of the 9th cent.,
said to have belonged to the chaplain of Louis the Pious : the silver Bern-
vjard's Chalice (15th cent.) : Head of St. Bernivard , silver-gilt (13th cent.) :
a drinking-horn and fork of Charlemagne : a small winged altar-piece by
Fra Angciico d^ Fiosole (1.387-1455) : several codioos with miniatures (11th
cent.) ; silver statues, ivory carvings, croziers, enamels, etc.
St. Godehard's. HILDESHEIM. 10. Route. 83
In the quiet and shady Donihof rises a Statue of iSt. Bern-
tvard, by Hartzer (1893). — The new Post Office (PL B, 3) has a
late-Gothic oriel dating from 1518. Close by, at the corner of the
Bohlweg and Kreuz-Str., is the Goldner Engel^ a house of 1548.
The Church of the Holy Jiood {Kreuz-Kirche ; PI. C, 3), rebuilt
in the baroque style in the 18th cent, (sexton, Brlihl 1), contains
the cross of Bishop Hezilo (1077), another given by Henry the Lion
(1172), and the reliquary of St. Catharine.
*St. Godehard's Church (PL B, C, 4; Rom. Cath.; sacristan,
No. 16 Codehard-Platz), built in 1133-72, restored in 1848-63, and,
like the church of St. Michael, one of the finest Romanesque edifices
in Germany, is a basilica with aisles and transept and flat ceiling,
a handsome choir in the French style, and three massive towers.
The fine stucco reliefs in the arch of the N.W. portal (13th cent.)
are worthy of note. The candelabrum and the mural paintings are
modern. The church possesses a pyx of St. Godehard, supposed to
date from the beginning of the 11th cent., a Gothic monstrance of
the 15th cent., and a valuable Romanesque chalice executed in
1146-53.
In the Neustadter Markt (PL C, 3) is the Neastddter Schenke,
a Renaissance structure of 1601. — At the IST. end of the Sedan-Str.
(PL D, 3) is a bronze Equestrian Statue of Emperor William I.,
by 0. Lessing (1900).
Besides the buildings already mentioned, Hildesheim contains
many handsome private houses of the 16th and 17th cent. (e.g. in
the Oster-Str. , Markt-Str. , Domhof, Andreas-Platz , Eckemecker-
Str., and Hohe Weg).
The suburb of Moritzberg, ^1^ M. to the S.W. of Hildesheim (beyond
PL A, 3), possesses an abbey -church founded in 1040, one of the few
pure columnar basilicas in N. Germany, but partly modernized. The
Bergholz, to the S. of Moritzberg and 1 M. from Hildesheim, is a beautiful
point of view (concert at the restaurant two or three times a week). —
Another fine *Point of view is the Galgenberg (500 ft. ; restaurant), to
the E. of the tramway terminus in the Goslarsche-Strasse (beyond PL D, 3).
A pleasant excursion may be made by train to (1 hr.) Wohldenberg,
and thence on foot to the (20 inin.) top of the Wohldenberg (680 ft.), with
a ruin (restaurant; view). The walk may be continued to the Bodenstemer
Klippen and down to station Lutter (p. 47).
From Hildesheim to Goslar, 331/2 M., railway in 3/^-11/4 hr. — 6 M.
Grossdiingen (branch-line to Salzdetfurth and Gander sheim , p. 49). —
12 M. Dernehurg, with an old Cistercian monastery, now a chateau of
Prince Mlinster ; 22 M, Ringelheim(^. 49); 3OV2 ^- Graiiliof, with a spring
of mineral water ('Harzcr Sauerbrunn'). — 331/2 M. Goslar, see p. 322.
Branch-lines also run from Hildesheim to (19^12^..) Hdmelerivald (ip. 39)
and to (71/2 M.) Nordstemmen (p. 69).
84
11. Brunswick,
Hotels. In the Town : *Dectsches Haus (PL b ; D. 4). Ruhfautchen-
Platz, R. from 3. B. IV4, B. S-SV^ -^ : Scheader's Hotel (PL a; C, 4),
Gorde!inger-Str. 7, R. from 2^'.2- ^- I5 ^' 1^4-21/.^. omn. i/.>^: Preussischer
HoF PL m ; D, 5}. Damm 26: St. Petersburg (PL d; CrS), Kohlmarkt 11;
Blauer E?fGEL (PL c : C. 4), Gordelinger-Str. 4. commercial ; DAsyE (PL n ;
D. 6 . Aiisrust-Platz 1: Sachsischer Hof (PL i; C. 4), Gordelinger-Str. 42.
— Xear the Sf/?f zo/z .• *Moxopol (PL e; C. 6), R. 21/2-4, B. I1/4. D. 3 ^ ;
Kaiserhof PL f : C, 5). R. 2-3, D. l^,'.^-'2 JC. very fair; FRCHLiyG's Hotel
or Stadt BREirEX PL h: C. 5), Bauk-Platz 7, R.'2-3. B. 3/^. D. from I1/9 JC :
WAE>ECKE's'PLg; B.oi. Gulden-Str. IQ. — Pens.Grdling, Steiutor-Wall 6a
(PL E. F. 5). pens. 41 2-6 ^ : Pens. Block, Wiesen-Str. 6 (PL F, 3). 4-5.^.
Restaurants. Luck. Steinweg 22. with garden. D. 1V>-2V-. ^^ ; Kaiser-
hof (see above;; Briiaijufs (see below;, D. I'^j^JC-, Preussischer Hof {sqq
above), wifh garden ; Bor sen-Restaurant, Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str. 2, D. 11/2-
2JC: Ratskeller. in the Rathaus fp. 87): Hagen-Schenke . Hagenmarkt 8
(PL D. 3). D. 11', JC\ Cafe - Restaurant HohenzoUern, Bohlweg 73 (PL
E. 4. 5).'D. 11 2-2 J^: ririci. Sack 21. D. 11/4^4^; Wilhelmsgarten (see
below), D. 11/4,^: Automatic Restaurants , cor. of the Steinweg and
Schoppenstedter-Str. -TL E . 3 . 4) . and Friedrich-Wiihelm - Str. 21. —
"Wine Rooms. Herbst. Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str. 23; Bankkeller. Bank-
Platz 6 PL C. 5;, D. 2^; Schrader & Oherldnder, Post-Str. 8. — 'Mumme',
a sweet and unrefreshing kind of beer made from wheat (usually drunk
mixed with lighter beer), is sold by Steger, Backerklint 4.
Cafes. Luck, see above : Residenz-Cafe, Damm 26 CPl. D. 5~ : Wagner.
Bohlweg 42 PL D, 3) ; Central. Kohlmarkt 1 (PL C. 5). — Confectioners.
Wagner, see above; Kurdelhauni, Steinweg 34 (PL D, E, 4).
Pleasure Resorts. Wilhehnsgarten (PL D, 3), Wilhelm-Str. 20;
Briining (PL D. 5), Damm 16 fin winter, variety theatre); Hoist's Garden
(PL D. E. 7). Wolfenbiitteler-Str. 48, in summer only.
Theatres. Ducal Theatre (PL E, F, 4; p. 89), dress-circle 31/2-51/2,
parquet 3-4i ., ^ : closed from June 15th to Aug. 15th. — Summer Theatre
in Hoist's Garden, see above. — Bruning's Variety Theatre, see above.
Baths. Puhst, Am Fallersleber Tor 10; Haase, Friedrich-Wilhelm-
Platz 2 (PL C. 5, 6; both with swimming-baths).
Cabs. Drive within the town, 1/4 hr.. 1-2 pers. 60 pf., 3-4 pers. 1 JC:
1/0 hr. 1 or 1^'oJC: each 1/4 hr. more 50 pf. Each trunk 20 pf. Double fares
at night (10-7'). To Ridding shausen (p. 92) 2-21/0 JC.
Electric Tramways. 1. Richmond (beyond PL E. 8) to the Schiitzen-
haus bevond PL C. i;. green name-board. — 'I.Richmond to the Xord-Bahn-
hof (beyond PL E. 1). white board. — 3. West-BoJinhof (beyond PL A. 8)
to the Gliesmaroder Bahnhof (beyond PL F. 1), red board. — 4. 3Ia-
damen-Weg (PL A. 5) to the Central Cemetery (bevond PL F. 6), 3-ellow
board. — 5. August-Tor (PL D. E. 6) to Oelper (bevond PL A. 2). blue
board. — 6 Ruhfdutchen-Platz (PL D. 4) to the Stadt-Park (beyond PL
F. 3), black board. — 7. Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (PL C, 5, 6) to the
Kastanien-Allee (bevond PL F. 5). crimson board.
Electric Railway from the August-Tor (PL D, E, 6) to (7 M.)
Wolfenhuttel p. 307,. every 12-24 min. (fare 35 pf.).
* Post and Telegraph Office (PL C, 5). Friedrich-Wilhelm-Str. 3.
U. S. Consul, T. J. Albert. — Information Bureau. Bank-Platz 3
(PL C. 5,.
Principal Attractions (li/o day). First Day. Morning: "^Altstadt-
Jlarkt (p. 85;; Burg-Platz, vrith Burg Dankicarderode and "^Cathedral
(p. 86;: Hagenmarkt, with the Kathariiien-Kirche (p. 87). Afternoon:
Excursion to Riddagshausen (p. 92). — Second Day. Schloss-Platz (p. 88);
Municipal Museum (p. 89); Lessing's Monument (p. 89): *Ducal Museum
(p. 89). — Excursion through the Lechlumer Holz to Wolfenbuttel. see p. 92.
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Altstadt-Markt. J^RUN'SWICK. H- Uoute. 85
Brunsioick J Ger. Braunschweic/ (240 ft.), the capital of the
Duchy of that name, with 136,000 iiihab., lies on the Oker^ which
flows through the town in several arms, in a fertile plain bounded
on the 8. by wooded hills. It is now an important industrial place,
and its sausages, cakes, and asparagus are exported far and wide.
The city contains many mediaeval churches and specimens of timber
architecture of the late-Grothic and Renaissance periods.
Brunswick was founded about 1035, but did not acquire importance
until the days of Henry the Lion (11H9-*J5) , who laid out the Altstadt,
Hagen, and Neustadt, and favoured the Burg Dankwarderode as a resi-
dence. The town gradually attained to almost entire independence, and
enjoyed its highest prosperity during the latter half of the 14th, and the
beginning of the 15th cent., when it was the capital of the Saxon-West-
phalian section of the Hanseatic League (p. 146). The Brunswickers after-
wards eagerly embraced the reformed faith, and as early as 1528 appointed
the eminent Reformer Bugenhagen (p. 86) their preacher. With the decline
of the Hanseatic League Brunswick fell into decay, and at length succumbed
to the power of the dukes in 1671. It has been the ducal residence since
1753. On the dcRth of Duke William I. in 1884 without issue, Prince
Albert of Prussia (d. 1906) was elected Regent, and he was succeeded in
1907 by John Albert, Duke of Mecklenburg.
The *Altstadt-Markt (PI. B, C, 5) forms the centre of the W.
quarter of the town, which adjoins the railway-station. It contains
a Grothic Fountain^ cast in lead in 1408, and restored in 1847, bear-
ing ornaments, arms, and Scripture texts in the Low-G-erman dialect.
The *Altstadt-Kathaus (PL B, 4, 5), consisting of two wings
at right angles to each other, is an elegant Grothic edifice, first men-
tioned in 1253, rebuilt in 1393-96 and 1447-68, and restored in
1841-52. Facing the market-place, both stories of both wings have
open arcades with graceful tracery, on the nine pillars of which are
statues of Saxon princes, from Henry the Fowler to Otho the Child,
and their wives, most of them executed about 1455 by Hans Hesse.
The beams supporting the Grothic roof of the Great Hall (or 'Dornse')
in the interior are richly painted.
*St. Martin's Church (PI. B, 5), opposite the Kathaus, orig-
inally a Romanesque basilica of the end of the 12th cent., was en-
larged in the transition style in the first half of the 13th cent, and
completed in 1321. The Chapel of St. Anne was added on the S.W.
side in 1434. The W. facade is Romanesque.
By the N. portal, the 'Bridal Gate', are a relief of the Death of the
Virgin, a figure of Christ between representatives of the Old and New
Covenant, and figures of the Wise and Foolish Virgins (beginning of the
14th cent.). A tombstone built into the wall at the corner towards the
Rathaus represents Ensign von Rauclihaupt, who fell in 1615.
In the Interior (sacristan, Turnier-Str. 1), restored in 1897-99, the
brazen Font with reliefs by Barthold Sprancken (1441), the painted railing
of 1675, and the Pulpit, by G. Rottger, adorned with reliefs in alabaster
(1617), deserve notice. Good stained glass (modern).
Adjoining the church on the S. is the former House of the Diet
of Brunswick (1792), to the E. of which rises the picturesque Gothic
Gewandhaus (PI, C, 5), with an E. gable in the Renaissance style
86 liouU 11. BRUNSWICK. Burg-Platz.
(1591 . — Thence we may proceed via the Kohlmarkt (PL 0, 5), em-
bellished with a modern Renaissance fountain, and the Friedrich-
Wilhelm-Str., iu which is the Post Office (Pi. C, 5;, built by Rasch-
dorff, to the busy Friedrich-Wilhelm-Platz (PL C, 5, 6).
The street ^Am Bruchtor' leads hence to the Bank-Platz (PL
C, 5), with the Wittehop House, a Renaissance structure of 1592.
— At the corner of the 8tein-Str. stands the Synagogue (PL B, 5j,
built by Llide in 1875.
There are many handsome old Private Houses iu this part of the
town; e.g. the Huiliam (1690), Altstadt-Markt 8; Stein -Strasse Xo. 3
(1512). with a curious relief : and Alte Knochenhauer-Strasse Xos. 11 (Gothic,
1470) and 13 (Gothic, 1489). To the X. of the Altstadt-Markt may be
mentioned: Xeue-Str. Xo. 9 (PL C, 4); Schiitzen-Str. Xo.32: Gordeli'nger
Str. Xo. 38: Backerklint Xo. 4 (PL B, 4), with a (restored) Renaissance
facade (ca. 1650). — Till Eulenspiegel Cp. 156} is said to have worked and
played some of his pranks at Xo. 11. Backerklint (1630); and he is com-
memorated here by the Till Eulenspiegel Fountain (1906).
The Briidem-Kirehe (PL C, 4), a large Gothic edifice, com-
pleted iu 1451. and restored in 1865 and 1904, contains a late-
Gfothic font in copper of 1450, with reliefs, borne by four stand-
ing fiorures (the Rivers of Paradise >, and an admirable Grothic winofed
altar-piece with numerous gilded and painted figures, dating from
the opening of the 15th century. Fine stained glass and choir-stalls.
The Refectory of the old Franciscan convent attached to the church,
erected in 1486 and now a military magazine, has a fine Renais-
sance portal of 1604. In front of the ^. portal is a bronze statue
of Bugenhagen (d. 1558; p. 85). by Echtermeier (1902).
"We now proceed to the S.E. via the Schild and the Sack (PL
C, 4), with its picturesque old houses, to the imposing —
Bfrg-Platz PL D. 4 . in the centre of which rises the ancient
Burg Dankwarderode. The castle, built about 1175 by Henry
the Lion, was repeatedly injured by fire, rebuilt, and enlarged,
and finally restored in a uniform Romanesque style in 1884 and
adorned with paintings by Quensen and Peters. It has two stories,
and is 130 ft. long and 42 ft. wide. The tower marks the site of
the old chapel. The passage to the cathedral (p. 87) has also
been restored. Visitors are admitted daily, 9-1 & 3-6 (on Sun.,
11-12), by tickets obtained from the castellan (l-2pers. 1 c/^,
3-4 pers. l^j^^C; entr. by the door to the right of the just-mentioned
passage'). — In the Burg-Platz, on the X. side of the cathedral,
rises a bronze ^Lion, on a modern pedestal, erected here in 1166
by Henry the Lion as a symbol of his supremacy, and restored in
1616 and 1858. On the X. side of the Platz is the "^ Giklehaus
(No. 2 A: the oldi Hunehorstel House) , distinguished for its rich
burlesque ornamentation. Built in 1536 by the architect of the
•Brusttuch' at Goslar (p. 323 1. it was removed hither from the Sack
(see above) in 1902. It now contains a collection of guild insignia
and the like (open daily, 11-4; 1 pers. 50 pf., 2-4 pers. 1 ^J6).
Cathedral. BKUNSWICK. li- Route. 87
The *Cathedral of iSf. BlasmSj or Bunf-Kirche (VX. I), 4), lias
a vaulted interior borne by pillars, and a spacious crypt. It was
begun about 1173 in the Romanesque style by Henry the Lion, after
his return from the Holy Land. The Gothic S. aisle (double) was
added in 1322-46, the N. aisle (also double) with its spiral columns
in 1469-74. The heavy W. fagade ends in an early-Gothic belfry
(ca. 1075), containing a fine set of chimes; the towers have never
been finished. The chapel in front of the S. transept was completed
in 1892. The whole edifice has been successfully restored by Wiehe
since 1876.
^Interior (adm. 50 pf., crypt 50 pf. extra; the sacristan lives at
No. 5, opposite the W. portal). — Nave. The ^Monument of the founder
(d. 1195) and Ills consort Matilda (d. 1189), in the Romanesque style,
executed about 1260, with lifesize recumbent figures in limestone,' is
a masterpiece of Saxon sculpture (Henry holds a model of the cathedral
in its original form). Nearer the choir, beneath a brass of 1707, reposes
Emp. Otho TV. (d. 1218). In the outer S. aisle are wooden figures of
Otho the Mild and his wife (1316), and the monument of Duke Lewis
Eudolph (d. 1735), in zinc. The nave lias been painted from the designs of
Prof. Essenwein (1884). — Choir. The Romanesque altar, a slab of marble
resting on five columns of bronze, was presented by the Duchess Matilda
in 1188. The seven-branched candelabrum, adorned with quaint monsters,
was executed by order of Henry the Lion. To the right and left of it
are Romanesque sandstone figures (14th cent.) of Henry the Lion and
Bishop Hermann of Hildeshcim (d. 1190; painting restored). The stained
glass is modern. — The walls and vaulting of the choir and the S. Tran-
sept are adorned with Romanesque "^Mural Paintings, dating from the
13th cent, (but freely restored), and representing scenes from the Bible
and from the lives of Thomas Becket and other saints. In this transept
are shown the alleged drinking-horn of Henry the Lion; an ancient
crozier ; Gothic monstrances, etc. Also, wooden figures of SS. Blasius
and John the Baptist (16th cent. ; painting restored). — The N. Transept,
now fitted up as a chapel, contains the stone coffin of the Margravine
Gertrude (d. 1117), grandmother of Henry the Lion. Here, too, are some
wood-carvings (an Ecce Homo of the 15th cent. ; crucifix of the 11th cent.)
and a Passion Pillar of the 15th century. — The Crypt, partly supported
by pillars and partly by columns, was converted in 1681 into a burial-
vault for the Bevern line of the house of Guelph.
On the E. side of the Burg-Platz is an Equestrian Statue of
Duke William (p. 85), by Manzel (1904). — The Rathaus (PL
D, 4), an early-Gothic edifice by Winter- (1896-1900), has a massive
tower.
We now proceed to the N. from the Burg-Platz. To the right
in the Ruhfautchen-Platz (PL D, 4) is the Finance Office (1894),
occupying part of the old Pauline Convent. The Caspari-Str. and
the Bohlweg (p. 88 ; with the Ducal Ministerial Offices) end on
the ]Sr. at the Hagenmarkt (PI. D, 3), which is embellished with a
Fountain Statue of Henry the Lion, in bronze, by A. Breymann
(1874). — The Church of St. Catharine (PI. D, 3; sacristan,
Schoppenstedter-Str. 20) is a handsome edifice, probably begun in
the Eomanesque style by Henry the Lion, altered and enlarged in
the second half of the 13th cent., and restored in 1887-90. The
choir dates from 1321, the towers also from the 14th century. The
88 P^oute 11. BRUNSWICK. Palace.
Gothic belfry over the Romanesque facade was added about 1275.
The interior contains numerous tombstones of the 16-18th centuries.
— The 'Hagen-Briicke' leads to the S.W. to the Xeustadt-Rathaus
(PI. C, 4). a late-Gothic edifice (ca. 1299), sadly disfigured in 1773-
84. containing the Civic Archives and the Municipal Library
(40.000 vols.;" daily. 9-1 & 3-6: closed on Sat. afternoon). The
council-chamber has fine panelling of 1573.
St. Andrew^s (PL C, 3; was built as a Romanesque basilica
about 1170. but was entirely remodelled in the 14th century. The
facade, with its Gothic belfry il360-1420i. resembles that of the
cathedral. The S. tower, built in 1518-32 and rebuilt in 1680 and
1740, is 300 ft. high: the X. tower is unfinished. The gable of the
S. aisle is adorned with curious sculptures of the 15th cent., repre-
senting the Annunciation and the Magi, the Flight into Egypt, and
Christ on a throne, on the steps of which cripples of every descrip-
tion are standing. This is an allusion to the tradition that the
church was founded by wealthy cripples. — The Alte Wage opposite
the church, to the S.E., is a handsome late-Gothic timber structure
of 1534, restored in 1862.
Amonsr the interesting Private Houses in this part of the town arc
those at Wenden-Str. Xo. 2 (Gothic, 1491): Falllersleber-Str. Xo. 8 (late-
Gothic, restored 1859): Wilhelm-Str. Xo. 95 (1619; now a school); Reichs-
Str, Xo. 1 (Gothic, restored 1869) and Xo. 3 (1630, with fine baroque
portal and oriel): and Lange-Str. Xo. 9 (PL B, C, 3), of 1536, with curious
wood-carving.
The Steixweg iPl. D, E. 4). which leads to the E. from the
Burg-Platz ip. 86;, and the Bohlweg (PI. D, 5, 4), which intersects
the ys^. end of the Steinweg, are now the busiest streets in the inner
town. The Bohlweg runs S. to the Schloss-Platz (PI. D, 4, 5), in
which, in front of the palace, are admirable equestrian Statues of
the Dukes Frederick William (d. at Quatre-Bras in 1815), by
Hahnel, and Charles William Ferdinand (d. at Ottensen in 1806),
by Ponninger. executed in copper by Howaldt, and erected in 1874.
The *Palaee (Besidenz-Schloss : PL E, 4, 5), erected by Ottmer
in the Renaissance style in 1831-38, was almost entirely rebuilt
after the destructive fire of 1865. The imposing portal is crowned
by a quadriga designed by Rietschel, and executed by Howaldt in
copper. The colossal statues of Otho IV. and Otho the Child, and
also the group in the pediment are by Bldser. The interior, con-
taining portraits by Pesne, Grafi", and other masters, is shown on
application to the castellan at the portal. The public are permitted
to pass through the portal and to visit the gardens.
The Stoben-Str. runs hence to the S. to the JEgidiex-^Iarkt
PI. D, 51, at Xo. 12 in which Lessing died on Feb. 15th, 1781. On
the S. side of the square is the Brunswick Museum (Vater-
Idndische Museum : PI. D, 6), occupying the ^gidienhalle, a Gothic
church of the 13th cent., and the choir of the Pauliiier-Kirche,
Ducal Museum. BRUNSWICK. H- Jiouic. 89
wliich has been re-erected on this spot (open free on Wed. & Sun.,
3-6; on same days, 11-2, 30 pf.; on other days, 9-2 & 3-6, shown
by an attendant, 1-4 pers. 1 ^i ; entr. in the Lessing-Platz; ring).
The contents include weapons, uniforms, flags, portraits, views of
Brunswick, autographs, and costumes. — A "^'Statue of Lessing^
designed by Rietschel, was erected in the neighbouring Lessing-
Platz (PL i), 6), in 1853.
From the ^gidien-Markt we proceed to the N.E. to the Church
of St. Magnus (PL E, 5), at the back of the palace. The building,
consecrated in 1031, dates in its present form from the 13th and
14th centuries. The interior contains some interesting monuments.
In the Steintor Promenade (No. 14) is the Municipal Museum
(PL E, 5), erected by Osterloh in 1905 (open free, Tues. & Frid.
10-2, Sun. 11-2; on other days, 10-12, 50 pL). Director, Dr. Fuhse.
The exhibition rooms surround a court, the walls of which bear
ornamented beams from old Brunswick houses. The collections include
prehistoric objects, local and national antiquities, costumes, coins,
ecclesiastical antiquities, furniture, musical instruments, and modern
paintings. There is also an ethnographical section.
The Sandweg leads hence to (3 min.) the Ducal Museum (see
below).
The ancient fortifications of the town were levelled in 1797, and
their site has since been converted into beautiful *ProrQenades,
the central feature of which, on the E. side of the inner town, is the
Ducal Theatre Park (PL E, F, 3, 4), which is open till dusk.
In the middle of this park stands the Ducal Theatre (PL E, F, 4),
built by Wolf in 1861 and enlarged in 1904. On the N. side of the
theatre is a monument, by Echtermeier (1891), to Franz Abt (d.
1885), the composer, who was director of the orchestra in 1852-81.
— In the S. part of the park, facing the Museums-Str., near the
old Stein-Tor (p. 92), stands the —
*Ducal Museum (PL F, 4), a handsome building erected in
1883-87 by Oskar Sommer. The foundation of the valuable col-
lections it contains was laid by Duke Anton Ulrich of Brunswick-
Wolfenhilttel (d. 1714), who purchased a number of paintings and
works of art during his travels in the middle of the 17th century.
With these and other materials Dake Charles I. formed a museum
at Brunswick in 1754. The Picture Gallery is especially strong
in the Dutch School. Other important features of the Museum arc
the collections of Italian 3Iajolica, the most important of its kind
in Grermany, and of Limoges Enamels. The Museum is open free
daily, except on festivals: June-Sept. 9-3, Sun. 11-2; March, April,
May, & Oct. 9-2 and 11-2; Nov.-Feb. 10-1 and 11-2 (strangers ad-
mitted even during the annual cleanings). Catalogue of the pictures
2 c^; 'guide' 50 pL Director, ProL Paul Jonas Meier.
Ground Floor. From the entrance-hall we enter Room I, containing
the Collection of Antiquities: Roman sculptures, ancient glass, sta-
tuettes, etc. — Room II. Medijeval and Ecclesiastical Collection
90 Boufe 11,
BRUNSWICK.
Dncol Mn^enm.
(beginning on the right). Cab. 1: *122-127. Wedding-dishes with oil-
paintings, 16-1 7th centuries. Cabs. 2-4: Ecclesiastical vestments. Cab. 7:
*1. Imperial mantle of Otho IT., a Sicilian work (about 1200). — Cab. 14:
58. Rune-casket, of Irish workmanship, made of a walrus -tusk (7th or
8th cent.). Cab. 15: "^55. Missal, with miniatures and carved cover made
of a walrus-tooth (ca. 1200}. Altar - shrines , chiefly Gothic (15th cent.).
On the marble table. 111.' Saddle of Magnus 11./ Duke of Brunswick
("d. 1373). with bone-ornaments. — Room III. Princes' Room. Furniture,
clocks, and tapestry of the 17-18th centuries. — Rooms IY-XI. Plaster
Casts.
First Floor. — ^Picture Gallery. The arrangement begins in
R. XII. to the left.
Room XII contains works of the 14-16th centuries. To the left:
*13. Early Dutch School. Diptych; above, *18. Holbein the Younger,
Portrait of a German merchant of the London Steelyard (1533). To the
right of the entrance: 29. Cranach the Younger, John the Baptist (1549);
16, 17. Aniberger, Portraits: 27. Cranach the Elder, Adam and Eve.
Cabi>-ets XIII-XXIII chieflv contain works of the Xetherlandish
School of the 16th and 17th centuries. — Cab. XYIII. *340. J. van Goyen,
Landscape ; 234. Rembrandt, Philosopher (early work). — Cab. XIX. To
the right. Bembrandt. **236. Storm-scene (ca. 1640): 237. Armed warrior;
232. 233. Man and wife (about 1631-33); *235. The Risen Christ with
Mary Magdalen (1651). — Cab. XX. 308. Sorgh, The Labourers in the
Vineyard: 325. A. Palamedes, Guard-room: *300. A. van Ostade, An-
nunciation to the Shepherds. — Cab. XXI. 338. P. 3Iolyii, Landscape;
668. J. J/. Jlolenaer, Dentist; 364. A. van Everdingen, Swedish land-
scape: 312. Brekelenkam, Card-players (1662); 317. Fr. van 3Iieris(?),
Rembrandt's mother (so-called); 669. Dirk Hals, Officer and wife; 375.
J. van der Jleer van Haarlem, Sand-hills ; *316. Jan van der 3Ie€r
van Delft, Girl with a wine-glass ; 304. G. Don, Astronomer : above,
318. Xetscher. Shepherd and shepherdess (1683). — Cab. XXII. 385'
N. Molenaer. River-scene; 302. A. van Ostade, Peasants drinking; *303.
Dou, Portrait of the artist; 306. Fh. ^Vouverman, Ascension; 315. 3Ietsu,
Beer-house; 265. A^ 3Iaes, Young savant. — Cab. XXIII. 448, 449.
J. van Huysum, Flowers.
Room XXIV. Xetherlandish School of the 17th century. 417. J. 31.
de Jong, Gustavus Adolphus at Liitzen ; 369. P. Wouverrnan , Hunting
scene. — Rooms XXV- XXVI contain v»-orks of the German School
(17-18th cent.). — R. XXV. Elsheimer. 549, *550. Landscapes. — R. XXVI,
with portraits by Kujjetzky. Graff. Tischbein. etc.. is adjoined by a
room (XXXI) containing studies by the painters Henneberg (1825-76) and
Brandes (1803-68) of Brunswick. — Beyond the following room (XXXII,
Drawings) are two rooms (XXXIII, XX'XIV: open on Tues. & Frid., 10-1)
devoted to exhibitions of drawings and prints (periodically changed).
Saloon XXVII (adjoining Room XXIV) contains unimportant Xeder-
landish works of the 16-17th centuries.
Saloon XXVIII. Dutch Masters. On the right : 441. 3/?"^wo/?, Flower-
pieces : 363. A. van Ecerdingen, Waterfall; **238. Bembrandt, Family
group, the gem of the collection (a late work) ; *376. J. van Buysdael,
Mountain-landscape ; *228. Claes 3Ioyaert, Calling of St. Matthew ; 359.
Berchem. Vertumnus and Pomona; 393. Hondecoeter, Xoah's Ark; *378.
J. van Buysdael, Waterfall with Vatch- tower : *313. Jan Steen, The
Marriage Contract, one of the master's best works : 247. F. Bol, Mars and
Venus ; =^377. J. van Buysdael.Vi'dteria.ll and castle ; *268. B. Fabritius.Vetei
in the house of Cornelius (1653): *242. Jan Lievens, Abraham's sacrifice.
Saloon XXIX. Flemish School. On the right : *86. Bubens. Portrait ;
55. Fourbus the Elder, Man with a glass ; *116. J. Jordaens, Adoration
of the Shepherds; 206. C. de Vos. Family group ; 117. J. Jordaens, Holy
Family; =J=125. Yan DycTc. Portrait of a Genoese nobleman; *87. Bubens,
Judith with the head of Holophernes : '^Bd. Floris, Falconer; 48. A. Key,
Portrait: 119. J. Jordaens, Twelfth X^ight : 127. Yan Dijck, Portrait;
Technical Co/Uu/f. l')KUNSWICK. i^- Route. 91
141. Peeters, River-scene; *38. Ant. Moor (Sir A. More), Portrait; 135.
Jan Fiji, Birds; 85. Rubens, Portrait of General Spiuola ; Corn, de Vos,
207. Lawyer, 109. Allegorical scene.
Saloon XXX. Italian, French, and late-German Masters. To the
right: 529, 528, i)2(). Bigaud, Portraits; 497. Carava(/gio, Portrait of the
artist; 499. Salvator Rosa, Raising- of the Cross; **453. Fainia Vecchio,
Adam and Eve ; 162. Tintoretto, Lnte-player ; *480. G aid o Ben i, Cc])hsi\uii
and Procris ; 521. N. de Largilllere, Portrait; 177. Ann. Caraccl, Shepherd
and shepherdess ; 531, 535. Fesne, Portraits. — We now regain the staircase.
Second Floor. Antiquities (continned); pottery; smaller works of
art; and coins. — Room XXXV (to the right of the staircase) contains
prehistoric antiquities, chieflv from North Germany and Denmark. —
RR. XXXVI, XXXVII, and XXXVIII contain the ^Ceramic Collection,
including the highly valuable Italian Majolicas of the 16-17th cent., etc.
— In R. XXXIX is the tine ^Collection of Enamels and Jewels,
chiefly from Limoges (16-17th cent.). Also, 220. Luther's 'doctor's ring' ;
221. Luther's wedding-ring; 222. Seal-ring of Queen Mary Stuart. —
R. XL. Objects in tortoise -sliell and mother-of-pearl, lacquer- work,
glass, etc. — R. XLI. Objects in wax. — R. XLII. Wood-carvings. —
R. XLIII. Ivory carvings of the 17-18th centuries. — R. XLIV. *Col-
LEOTioN OF Bronzes, from Italy, France, Germany, and the Netherlands
(15-18th cent.). - - R. XLV. Smaller works in stone ; *179. John the
Baptist by Schiceiger. — R. XLVI. Embroidery, lace, book-bindings. — •
R. XLVII. Chinese and Japanese articles, etc. — R. XLVIII. Coins
(24,000), Medals, and Gems. Among the last is the so-called ^Ilantuan
Vase (No. 300), of ancient workmanship, cut out of a single sardonyx,
consisting of five variously shaded laminae.
From the Museum the Sandweg and the Steintor-Wall lead to
the S.W^. to the Monument -Platz (PI. E, 5, 6), adorned with an
iron Obelisk^ 40 ft. in height, erected in 1822 to the memory of
Dnkes Charles William Ferdinand and Frederick William (comp.
p. 88). — To the S. is the Windmuhlenberg (PI. E, 6), which com-
mands a fine view.
In the Sieges-Platz (PL D, 6) rises the Monument of Victory
in memory of the campaign of 1870-71, designed by Breymann and
Dietz, and consisting of a Germania on an obelisk adorned with re-
liefs in bronze. — To the N. of the Sieges-Platz is the Lessing-
Platz (p. 89), to the W. are the Bruch-Tor Promenade and the
Railway Park (Eisenbahn Park; PL C, D, 6).
On the Gaussberg (PL D, 2) rises a good Statue of Gauss (1777-
1855), the great mathematician, by Schaper. Gauss was born at
No. 30 in the adjacent Wilhelm-Strasse.
To the N.E. stands the Technical College (PL D, E, 1, 2),
a Kenaissance building (1877).
Interior. The vestibule contains two groups by Echtermeier, repre-
senting Art and Science. The staircase is adorned with two ceiling-
paintings by Groll of Vienna. — The groundfloor is occupied by exten-
sive collections illustrative of Architecture, Engineering, Mechanics,
and Fhysics (with Gruericke's air-pump and other historical relics), and
by a Cabinet of Minerals. — The N. staircase ascends to the Natural
History Collection (Sun. 11-1, Wed. & Sat. 2-4; other days, except 1-3,
on application), the ornithological section of which is particularly fine.
Outside the Fallersleber Tor is the Botanical Garden (PL
E, F, 2), open daily, except Sun., 8-12 and 2-7.
92 Route 12. MtXSTER.
Behind the Ducal Theatre is the Kaiser- Wilhelm Bindge (PI.
F. 4), with allegorical figures by E. Muller (1902). The Kaiser-
Wilhelm-Strasse (PL F, 3; leads hence to the E. to the (V 2 ^^0
Stadt-Parh (tramway ^0. 6, see p. 84). — A column on the Niiss-
herg (295 ft.) commemorates Gen. Olfermann., the commander of
the Brunswickers at Waterloo.
From the Stein-Tor the Adolf-Str. and Leonhard-Str. lead to
the St. Leoxhards-Platz, bounded on the AV. side by cemeteries.
Lessing's G)'ave in the cemetery of St. Magnus here is marked by
a monument with a relief by Th. Striimpel. — At the S.E. corner
of the St. Leonhards-Platz rises the Monument of Schill, erected
in 1837 to him and to the eleven officers of his corps who were shot
at Wesel by order of Xapoleon (see p. 165 1; SchilPs head is interred
on this spot. The small Chapel adjoining the custodian's house
contains memorials of Schill and his period (1809;.
About 1 M. beyond the August-Tor (PL D, £. 6) the electric railway
to Wolfenhiittel comp. p. 84) passes the chateau of Alt-Richmond, erected
in 1768. with beautiful grounds. — The line goes on via Melverode. with a
siUciU Romanesque church of the 12th cent., and through the picturesque
Lechiumer Holz (Stenihaus Restaurant: Kur-HoteJ, 1 M. from
Wolfenbuttel;.
To the E. of Brunswick, 2 M. from the Stein-Tor, lies Riddags-
hausen {Herrenkrug. JIanegoM. restaurants : Griine Jdger. a pleasure-
resort), with a fine ^Church in the transition style, once belonging to
a Cistercian monastery, and consecrated about 1250.
From Brunswick to Harzburg. see R. 48: to Oebisfelde, and to
FaUersleben, see p. 39.
12. From Hamm to Miinster, Emden,
and Norddeich (Xordemey).
158 M. Railway in 5-bi ., hr. (fares 21 JC 30, 14 JC '20, S JC 80 pf . :
through-fares to Xorderney 25 JC 70, 17 JC 80, 12 JC 50 pf.).
Hamm. see p. 34. — Several small stations. Beyond (14 M.)
Ri like rode we cross the Dortmund and Ems Canal. — 22 M. Miinster.
Miinster. — Hotels. At the station: ^Kaiso^hof (PI. d; F, 4),
with winter-eardeu. R. 3-5. B. 1, D. I1/2-2 JC; Continental (PI. f ; F, 4),
R. 2-3. D. ri.2-2^2 •^- ^lonopol (PI. h: F. 3. 4), R. 2-3, D. IV2-3 JC;
Germania (Pi. k: F. 4, 5): Westfdlischer Hof (PI. i: F, 4). Wolbeckcr-
Str. 1. R. & B. from 2i 2. D. 11-2-2 JC. — In the town: Konig von Eng-
land (PL a : E. 3^. with cafe-restaurant and bar. R. from 3. B. 1. D. 3 ^;
Brandts I'Pl. b: E. 4). R. & B. 23/^-4. D. I1/0-21/4. omn. 1/2 JC; *Rh€in-
ischer Hof (PI. c ; E. F, 3), R. from 2. D. is/, JC.
RESTACRAJfTs. Wine : StadtweinMus (Ohmsche Hans), Roggen-Markt 11
(beer on the groundfloor) : Niemer. Salz-Str. 57 (PI. E. 3): Schmedding.
Alter Steinweg 15 (PI. E, 3) ; Beiderlinden, Klemens-Str. 38. — Beer :
Brandts, Kaiserhof, see above : also. CentraJhof. Rotenburg 8 ; Kreuz-
sc/ia/z^e (see PL D. 2): S^?>?2€», Syndikatsgasse 6, D. 114^^,: Zum Dort-
munder, Konie-Str. 1. D. 1^.2 JC: Ini Franziskaner. Bogen-Str. 14 ; Auto-
matic Restaurant. Prinzipal-Markt (PL E, 3). — Garden Restaurants:
Linnenhrink (PL H, 3; concerts in summer). Gertrudenhof, Lindenkof
Kiras siffl" Eis .
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(PI. B, 3), and others. — Cafes. Prinzipal-Cafc, in the Konig von Eng-
land (p. 92) ; Cafe dc Falais, Prinzipal-Markt 25. — 'Alt-Bier' (peculiar
to Miinster) : Appels, Neubriicken-Str. 12,
Post & Telegrah Office (PL D, 3), Doni-Platz 6. — Information
Bureau, Prinzipal-Markt 8 (PI. E, 3).
Public Baths, in the Promenade, near the Zoological Garden (PI. B, C,4),
Cabs. Per drive (20 min.), 1 pers. 60, 2 pers. 75 pf., each addit.
pcrs. 25 pf. ; each trunk 25 pf . By time, 1-2 pers. per 1/2 ^ii"- I5 pcr lir.
IV2 ^f^'y each addit. V4 l^i"- ''^ pf- Bouble fares at nig-ht (9-7).
Electric Tramways from the Harbour (beyond PI. F, 5) via the
Railway Station (PI. F, 1) and 8t. Lambert's Church (PL E, 3) to the
Grevener-Str. (PL B, 1, 2); from the Schutzenhof (})eyond PL D, 5) via
St. Lambert's Church to the Schiffahrterdamm (beyond PL H, 2, 3).
Chief Attractions (one day). Prinzipal-Markt and Rathaus, Roggen-
Markt and Bogen-Strasse, St. Lambert's, Catliedral, AVestphalian Museum,
Church of Our Lady. Afternoon: Ludgeri-Kirche, Palace, and Promenades.
Miinster, situated on the Munstersche Aa and Dortmund-Ems
Canal, in a flat district, the capital of the Prussian province of
Westphalia, seat of a university, and headquarters of the 7th Army
Corps, with 80,000 inhab. (85 per cent Rom. Catholics), has been
an episcopal see since the 9th century. In the 13th and 14th cent,
it was a prosperous Hanseatic town, and even carried on commerce
beyond seas on its own account. At the time of the Reformation it
was the scene of the fanatical excesses of the Anabaptists under
John of Leyden (1534-35), and in 1661 it finally succumbed to the
episcopal yoke of the warlike Bishop von Galen. The bishopric was
secularized in 1803 and annexed to Prussia.
The inner town still retains many mediaeval characteristics, which
are most conspicuous in the Prinzipal-Markt (No. 27) and Roggen-Markt
(No. 10; restored in 1904) with their arcades, picturesque old gabled
houses, the church of St. Lambert, and the Rathaus. Besides these (jrothic
buildings, there are many dwelling-houses of the Renaissance period, and
even those of the 17th cent, present a mediaeval appearance, with their
lofty gables and arcades on the groundfloors. Amongst the peculiarities
of Miinster, are the 'Hofe', or mansions of the wealthy noblesse, some
of which are in the rococo style of the 18th centurv. Among the most
interesting of these are the Merveldter-Hof (1701), Ludgeri-Str. 36 (PL D,
E, 4); Beverfordev-Hof {m^^-lli}'d), Konig-Str. 46 (PL D, 4); Erhdroaten-
Hof (1757), Salz-Str. 38 (PL E, 3); and Roniherger-Hof (18th cent.; now
a theatre), Neubrticken-Str. 65 (PL E, 2).
To the left as we enter the town from the station, by the former
Servatii-Tor (PL F, 4), is the Church of St. Servatius (PL E, F, 3),
erected in the Romanesque style in 1197 and enlarged in the Grothic
period. A little to the W. is the large public Hospital of St. Cle-
ment (PL E, 3).
The Salz-Str., with the fine Erbdrostea-Hof [ste above) and the
Dominican Church (PL E, 3; ca. 1725), leads to the beautiful
Gothic *Church of St. Lambert (PI. E, 3), built after 1375, and
characterized by graceful proportions, bold vaulting, rich window-
tracery, and imposing exterior. Over the S. portal is the 'Tree of
Jesse', showing the genealogy of Christ. On the present tower
(310 ft.), built in 1887-98 by Hertel, are suspended the three iron
cages in which the bodies of the fanatics John of Leyden, Knipper-
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 7
94 B^ute 12. MONSTER. Fram Hamm
dolliug. and Krechtiug, the leaders of the Anabaptists, were ex-
posed on the old tower in 1536. The present arrangement of the
interior is modern.
Xear the church are the Schoehaus (1525), the interesting old guild-
hall of the shoemakers. Alter Fischmarkt 27, and the Kramer- Amthaus
(PL E, 3), Alter Steiuweg 7, built about 1620.
To the S. of St. Lambert's is the Prinzipal-Markt (PL E, 3),
surrounded by Gothic arcades and old houses (comp. p. 93). Here
stands the *Rathaus PI. E. 3; 14th cent.), with a beautiful Grothic
gable, containing the "Friedens-Saar where the Peace of Westphalia
was signed on •24th Oct., 1648 (apply to the custodian; fee).
The Feiedexs-Saal. remodelled in 1577 and restored in 1853, contains
a picturesque chimney-i)iece of 1577, and 35 portraits of ambassadors and
princes, present at the conclusion of the peace, painted by J. B. Florii>
in 1646-49. The portrait of tlie representative of Utrecht is attributed
to Terburg. On the first floor is the Large Saloon, in the Gothic style,
designed and excuted by Salzenberg. which was added in 1862, and is
adorned with twelve historical portraits.
Adjoining the Rathaus, Prinzipal-Markt 8, is the fine old Weigh
House, a late-Renaissance building of 1615, with a balcony.
At the corner of the Prinzipal-Xarkt and the Klemens-Str. is
the Sfadthaus (PL E, 3), erected in 1905 in the same style as the
old Stadtweinhaus ! 1569-71) which it replaces.
We now proceed through the Michaelis-Platz to the Dom-Platz
('PL D, 3,1. which is shaded with lime-trees and embellished with a
bronze Statue of Filrstenherg. the statesman (1729-1810i.
The ^Cathedral (PLD,'3), consecrated to St. Paul, is the
largest and finest church in Westphalia. The main part of it, in-
cluding the two choirs and double transepts, was erected in 1225-
61 and incorporates details from an earlier building. The cloisters
on the X. side date from the 14th century. The W. choir was dis-
figured in the 16th cent.; its present portal is of 1516. The vesti-
bule of the S.W. transept contains * Statues of apostles, saints, etc.
(13th cent.' and a late-Romanesque frieze.
Interior (closed 12-2: the E. Choir and Chapter House are shown
by the verger. 50 pf.). The mediaeval decorations were almost entirely
destroyed by the Anabaptists, and the harmonious proportions of the
building have lately been disguised by gaudy painting. In the W. Choir,
a Pieta by Achtennann (1850). Over the portal of the X.W. Transept.
is an old painting of the 14th cent.. Frisians offering tribute to JSt. Paul. —
X.E. TRA^'SEPT : Raising of Lazarus, by Hermann torn Bing (1546j. —
S.E. Transept: Crucifixion hy Hermann torn Bing : tomb b}- J. TF. Gri)-
ninger, with Christ on the Mt. of Olives. — E. Choir: Choir-stalls of
1539: above, marble reliefs by J. 31. Groninger (1705): two ciboria of
1536. by Beldensngder: paintings of the Romanesque period on the vault-
ing restored). — Retro-Choir. On the wall, an astronomical clock, with
the Months, by Ludger torn Bing. 3rd Chapel : Monument of the warlike
bishop Bern, von Galen (d. 1678) by J. 3/. Groninger. 4th Chapel: Achter-
mann's Descent from the Cross, a fine group in marble. — The '^Chapter
House (closed) is adorned with the finest wood -panelling in Germany,
carved by Joh. Kupper in 1544-52. — In the Cloisters is a fine group of
Christ enterine Jerusalem bv H. Beldensnyder (modern replica above the
W. portal).
to Norddeich. MtTNSTER. ^-^- Ifotitc. 95
To the 8. of the cathedral is the handsome Lad(jerus Fountain,
by Fleige, erected in 1889, with statues of St. Ludgerus, first Bishop
of Miinster (d. 809), Bishop Suitger (d. 1011), and Bishop Erpho
(d. 1097). Opposite is the Governmerd Building (Fl. D, 3), erected
by Erdell in the German Renaissance stvle (1886-89). Adjoining
is the Post Office (1878-80), to the W. of which stands the —
Westphalian Museum (PI. D, 3), completed from SchCldt-
ler's phms in 1908. On the E. wall is an alto-relief of St. Greorge,
by Lederer. The museum is open on week-days 10-1 & 3-5 (in
winter 3-4), on Sun. 11.30-1 & 3-5 (4); adm. on Mon. 1 .^, on Wed.
and Sat. 50 pf., on other days free.
Ground Floor. Sculptures (mainly). — Room 1. Prehistoric col-
lections. — R. 2. *Woo(len crucifix from Bockhorst (11th cent.); three
stone reliefs from Miinster (12th cent.); St. (xeorg-e (?), from Socst
(13th cent.). — RR. 8 & 4. Grothic wood - carvings (14-16th cent.). —
A staircase descends hence to a room with Gothic *Sculptures of the
14th cent, (most of them stolen from the catliedral by the Anabaptists,
used to strengthen the ramparts, and dug up again in 1898); Crucifixion
and Christ before Pilate, by //. Beldensnyder. — The late -Gothic
Margareten-Kapelle (1464) contains sculptures by the Beldensnyder s,
Groimigers, and other masters of the 16-18th centuries.
First Floor. Objects of Industrial Art. — Westphalian rooms wilh
fittings of the 16-18th centuries. Church-vestments with silver embroidery
(S.W. corner). Reproductions of A. ElsenhoiV s works in silver (1582-89).
Second Floor. Pictures. — E. Side: Early WeMjyhalian School,
*Antependium from the Walpurgis Church at Soest, the oldest German
panel -painting (12th cent.); Konrad of Soest, SS. Dorothy and Ottilie
(15th cent.); Master of Lie shorn, Angel with chalice, Angels adoring the
Infant Christ (1465) ; Master of Schoppingen, St. Nicholas and the four
Fathers of the Church; J. Korbecke (Miinster, 1446-91), Altar- panels.
The two Diinnivege (St. Luke), the Master of Cappenbery, Ludger torn,
Ring (portraits), and Hermann torn Ring (Annunciation) are also well
represented. — S.W. Corner: Landscapes by K. F. Lessing, Schonleber,
Georgi, and Pankok : Falstafl' by Schrodter, portrait of himself by
Pa7ikok, and other modern works. — West Side : Master of the Hausbuch,
Madonna, St. John, and John the Baptist; North German Master, Death
of the Virgin. Works by Barthel Bruyn and L. Cranach. Early Dutch
triptych (16th cent.). Jan Gossaert, Madonna. Terburg, Arrival of
Dutch envoys to the Peace Congress of Miinster (1646). Landscapes by
A. van de Velde, J. van Ruysdael, J. van der Meer of Harlem, and others.
On the W. side of the Dom-Platz are the University (PI. D, 3),
built in 1878-80, with faculties of theology, philosophy, and law
(ca. 1600 students), and the Museum of Christian Ai't (No. 26;
open on week-days 9-12 and 2-6, on Sun. 11.30-1; fee 50 pf.). Ad-
joining the latter is the Episcopal Besidence, built in 1732. - -
In the Bispinghof is the University Library (PL C, 3), with
200,000 vols. (9.30-1 & 4-7; on Sat. in the morning only).
The noble Grothic Church of Our Lady, or Ueberwasser-
Kirche (PI. C, D, 2) dates from 1340-46, but most of the internal
decorations belong to a recent period. In the W. porch are two
votive pictures by Ludger and Hermann torn Bing. — The
Lndgeri-Kapelle, adjoining the tower, is said to be the oldest
building in Miinster (restored in 1903). Adjacent is the Priests^
96 i^''-'j/^t' I'J. MtXSTER. .Fron Ha mm
Se}/u/ianj. iu front of which is a Statue of Bern. Overberg (d. 1826;,
the pedagogue, by A. Eiiller (1897i.
The Ludgeri-Kirche PL D. E. 4 . with a *Tower terminating
in a picturesque lantern, was begun in the Romanesque style about
1173 and extended in the Gothic style after a fire in 1383. The
whole was judiciously restored in 1856-60.
^\"e may now complete our sightseeing with a AValk rouxd the
Rampart Promenades. — In the so-called 'Kanonen-AValP is the
Peace of Westphalia Monument (PI. C, 4), by Bolte (1905).
Farther on we reach the Zoological Garden (PI. B, 3, 4; adm.
50 pf.L It contains a statue of Prof. Landois (d. 1905), its founder,
by Schmiemann il901\ and the Provincial Museum of Natural
Historg'ioYien daily; fee), in which also are the collections of the
AVestphalian Antiquarian Society.
A little to the X. is the Xeu-Platz or Schloss-Platz (PI. B, C, 2, 3 1,
on the S. side of which are the Law Courts <'P1. C, 3\ and on the
^y. side the royal Palace <P1. B. 3 >. formerly the episcopal palace,
built in 1767, and adorned with rich plastic decorations; it is now
occupied by the Provincial President and the Commandant. In
front of the palace rises an equestrian Statue of William 1., by
Reusch '1897': and to the X.E. of it is the new Oher-Prasidium
or Provincial Administrcdion Building (PL A. 2: 1905). — Be-
hind the palace is the lAeixsaiit ScMoss-Garten (restaurant), occupy-
ing the site of the old citadel and including the Botanical Garden
(open fi-ee on week-days, 6-12 & 2-7).
In the Kreuzschanze Promenade 'PL C, B, 2) are three mon-
umental busts. The Budden-Turm (PL C, D, 2), now much altered
and used by the city waterworks, is the last relic of the original
fortifications of the town. The Zicinger (PL E, 2) was built in 1536.
Outside the 3Iauritz-Tor, to the left, is the Landeshaus (PL
F, 3'; in front of it is a bronze statue (1902) of Baron von
Scho rlemer-Alst , the statesman. Farther on is the abbey-church of
St. Maurice (PL H, 3i. founded about 1070, the nave rebuilt in
1862 in the Romanesque style. The lower part of the W. tower
■Romanesque: 11th cent.i and the Gothic choir (1451) are old. The
monuments of the founders. Bishop Frederick (1063-84) and Bishop
Erpho '1084-97), were demolished by the Anabaptists, but restored
in 1576 and 1620.
Branch-lines run from Miinster to Burgt^tiinfurt ami ;35 M.) Gronau
(p. .34}, to (35 M.) Borkcn. to (ioi ;. M.) Lippstadt ('p. 13) via Rlieda
(p. 8.")). and to (J-3V2 ^O the same terminus v>'i a Beckum.
From Miinster to Cologne and Osnabn'ick (Hamburg), see p. 26.
The train next traverses a flat, moorland country. — 46 M.
Pheine. see p. 70.
51 M. Salzbergen 'p. 70). — 77^ 2 ^- Meppen (Kerckhoff^
R 21 0-31 .>. B. 1 ^^Cj, with 4600 inhab., lies at the confluence of the
A .•^':. E^l ^ ^- ^
1
%
io Nordd^icTi. . EMBEN. 1^- Bonfp. 07
Haase and the Ems. In the market-place is a statue of Windthorst
(d. 1891; p. 78). — 106 M. Papenbmr/ (Hilling, R. & B. 2-4, JJ.
I-I3/4 ty/l ; Ih'it. vice-consul, C. Bruns; Lloyd's agent, Gr. Bueren),
a town with 7600 inhab., was founded in 1675 on the Hoch-Moor,
a marshy district 120 sq.M. in extent, intersected by canals. —
112 M. Ihrhove, whence a line diverges io Neuschanz and other
places in Holland (see Baedeker's Belcjium and Holland).
118^/2 M. Leer (Prinz von Oraiiien, R. 2-4, D. l^/g-S, omn.
^/gt/^; Victoria; Lloyd's agent, //. Wiemanii), a busy seaport,
with 12,400 inhab., lies on the Leda^ at its union with the Ems.
Pleasant walks to (2 M.) Leeroji, on the Ems, and to (2 M.) Loga,
with Schloss Evenhimj and its park. (Railway to Oldenburg and
Bremen, see R. 16.)
133 M. Emden. — Hotkls. . '^Wel&ises Ilaus (PL a), opposite the
Ra'haus, E. 2-5, B. 1, D. 2Vo-3t^; Central Hotel (PI. b), R. from 2 JC :
Union (PI. d), R. IV4-2V4. !>• IV2 -*/ Heeren's (PI. c), these two near
the station. — Railway Restaurant. — Post & Telecfrajyh Office, Grosse
Briick-Str. — Brit, vice-consul, W. H. M. Sinclair. — Lloyd's agents,
Y. rf' B. Brans. — Steamer to Borkum, see p. 99.
Emden, the terminus of the Dortmund and Ems Canal, with
16,500 inhab., formerly situated on the Ems, but now 21/2 M. distant
from it, is a prosperous industrial town and river-port, intersected
by navigable canals, and connected with the Ems and the Dollart
by large harbour-works. The old town is very Dutch-looking and
is enclosed by ramparts with trees and windmills. — The '^Rathans,
a rich Renaissance structure of 1574-76, contains an interesting
armoury, where a number of very curious old firearms of the Thirty
Years' War are preserved (adm. 50 pf.; catalogue 60 pf.). The tower
(144 ft.) commands a good survey. In front of the Rathaus are Mon-
uments to Emp. William I. (1896), the Great Elector (1901), and
Frederick the Great (1901). The Grosse Kirche contains the ala-
baster monument of Count Enno II. of East Friesland (d. 1540),
perhaps by Corn, de Vriendt. The Natural History Museum, is
open daily (adm. 50 pf.). The museum of the local Antiquarian
Society (Gesellschaft fur Kunst und Vaterldndische Altertilmer)
contains a collection of pictures (mostly Flemish and Dutch), coins,
and antiquities (adm. 50 pf.). — A pleasant motor-launch trip (fare
10 pf.) may be made to the Nesserlander Schleusej or locks at the
entry of the outer harbour.
The train now traverses a meadow -land. — From (143 M.)
Ahelitz a branch-line runs to (7 M.) Aurich (Piqueurhof, very fair;
Deutsches Haus), the principal town of E. Friesland, pleasantly
situated, with 6100 inhabitants. — 153 M. Worden (ZumWein-
haus, R. 2-3, D. 2-3 ^l; Deutsches Haus), with 6700 inhab. and a
pretty church of 1445.
From Xorden to Saxde, 39 M., railway in 3 hrs. — 10 M. Dornuw
(Hot* von Ostfriesland). To Baltruni, sec p. 101. — 18 M. K.<^ens (Wesser.s
98 r^oute 13. XORDERXEY, East Frisian
Inn, R. 2. D. 2 Jt\ chief town (2200 inbab.) of a marshy but fertile
district called the HarJingerland. To Langcooq and Spiekeroog, see
p. 100. ~ 31 M. Jever ^Hof von OJdenburg. R. from 210. D- 2 .^; Erh-
(frossherzog : Bail. Bestauvantj^ with 5600 inhab.. was formerly fortified.
It is united with the Jade by a canal. In the Palace is a fine cassetted
*Ceiling of oak, probably by Adrian (1560), one of the finest Renaissance
works in Germanv. From Jever a branch-railwav runs to (11 M.) Cam-
linen siel -Earl e and (12V.> M.) Harle (p. 100; *Rail. Restaurant, with
bedrooms). — At (58^.> M.) Sande (p. Ill) we join the railway to Wilhelmic
haveu and Oldenburg.
158 M. Xorddeich (Rail. Restaurant; Ferry Inn), a small sea-
])at]iing place, whence a steamer plies to Nordeniey (see helowi.
13. The East Frisian Islands.
The East Frisian Islands, a chain of sandy islets, almost de-
stitute of vegetation, lying off the German coast between the mouths
of the Ems and the Weser, have long been popular among the
Germans as sea-bathing resorts. Good accommodation may be ob-
tained at the hotels and lodging- houses, while private apartments
are numerous. The larger resorts have 'Kurhauser*, with bands and
other attractions during the season. The bathing-arrangements are
generally excellent, though somewhat simple in the smaller places.
Intending visitors may obtain full information on application to
the 'Badedirektion* of the place they may select.
Nordemey. — Approaches. 1. Steamer from Xorddeich (see above)
several times daily in 35-40 min. (fare 3 ^4C 10 pf.). — 2. Steamer from
Breriu-rJinren p. 109,1 thrice weekly direct in 41/2 hrs.. four times weekly
via Heligoland in 6V.2 hrs. (fare 8 ,^€ 45 pf.). — 3. Steamer from Ham-
burg (p. 117} daily via Heligoland in 11 hrs. (17 JC).
Arrival. Cabs meet the steamers to convey passengers to the town
(fare l-li'., ^S) or to the waiting-room (fare 75 pf.) at the end of the
pier '34 M. in length), where the luggage is distributed (omn. 25-40 pf.).
Apartments assigned on application at the Wohuungs-Bureau. in the Rat-
haus rpi. B. 2;.
Hotels 'all with restaurants). "^Euroxmischer Hof (PL c: B. 1), R.
from 3. B. I1/4. D. 2Vo-3. pens. 8-20 ^: '^Germania (PI. b : A, 2). R. 3-71/2-
pens. 8io-13i;2-^- Kaiserhof fPl. a: B. 1); BeUevue (PI. d; C, 3);
Kaiser Franz Joseph PI. e: B. 3): Schuchardt's (PI. f: B. 2), R. 3-6,
very fair. — DeiUsches Hans (Pi. g; C. 2); Ebeling (PL h; B, 3),
R. 21 2-3 ^S: Brans (PL k: B. 2). pens. 40-45 JC per week, well spoken
of; Simmering (PL n: B. 2;; Engehauscn fPl. m; B, 3).
Pexsio^s. Pens. Daheim. at the corner of the Kaiser -Str. and
Moltkc-Str. : Dippeh Moltke-Str. 11. 6-8.^; Pens. Loling, Friedrich-Str.ll.
— Apartments at the Grosse Logierhaus (PL B, 3; apply to the bath-
authorities), at the Bremer Logierhduser (Pl.B. 1). and in theVictoria-Str.,
Kaiser-Str.. Bismarck-Str.. Moltke-Str., and Friedrich-Str., near the beach.
Room with sea-view 30-45 Jt. whole fiat 100-150 JC per week.
Restaurants. *Bichter. Backer- Str.. D. (1-5 p.m.) 41/2 ^." Kon-
rersation.<-Haus (PL B. 3 . D. at 1p.m. 2I2. at 2 p.m. 23.4 ,S; Strand-
halle (PL A. 2 . D. 2 JC: Bestaurant der Bremer Hditser (PL B, 1),
D. 3Vo ^4C: Phoenix, Friedrich-Str.. D. 31 '2 JC: VictoriahaUe (PL A, 2),
D. 2 c^; Giftbude (PL C. 1). on the X. beach. 2i/2-3 .€ : Continental
Bodega. 'Post-StT. 11. — Kaiser-Cafe, in the Franz Joseph Hotel.
Sea Baths (6-2), 1 JC inel. towels, 80 pf. without. — Visitors' Tax.
Badeh
B I „_C I D~
r
. I* ' K render
.ft'a
Kaisena
^ Friedrirh,
^K s y r a s -^^,1,.,, J
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■J-^TT-V' •'•■'■•■•■'SO I
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- Badehs.
Neues
Alles; .- • 1 - jM ^ !
"«« «. iWarte-i^- NORDERNEY
.Logierhauj.s '%^ 1 . 16 OOO
'°'. ' I ^. O IPC 200 ^^ »00^,^,,..
icogiapih. AnsUOt
Waf ner^Delies leipzl^
i
IsUnch. BOBKUM. ^•>- limde. 99
5 t/^ per week, 15 JC per season; reduction for families. - - Tiieatrk
(PI. C, 3) daily during the season. — Concerts at the Konversationshaus
or the Strandhalle.
Cab per hr. ^i JC ; to the lighthouse and hack 10 JC. — Sailing Boat
Ser hr. 9 JC (1-2 pers.) ; to Juist or J3altrum 15 JC. — Steamer to Borkuni
ally in 2i/2-3 lirs. [^JC 20 pf., return-ticket W JC 20 pf.); to Lamjeoog in
13/4 hr. (return-fare 5 ^.^ 70 pf.) ; to jHi.<it in 1 lir. (return-fare 4 J^ 80 pf.).
Norderney, i. e. 'nortliern island', with 4000 inhab., about
8 M. long and V/2 M. broad, is the largest of the East Frisian Is-
lands. The village, which is at present the most fashionable Ger-
man sea-bathing place (40,000 visitors yearly), lies at the S.W.
angle of the island and owes its reputation to its fine sandy beach,
excellent drinking-water, and mild climate. It is frequented also
as a winter-residence by j^ei'sons with delicate chests, and a large
institution has been built for scrofulous children. The season lasts
from June 1st to Oct. 10th. The attractions include a Konversa-
tions-Haiis, a Strand-Halle., with a glazed veranda on the side
next the sea, a Reading Boom, and a Theatre. The chief prome-
nade is the so-called Strandnumer (PL A-C, 1-2), running along
the beach. The men's bathing-place is at the N.E. end of the beach
(PL C, 1). The lighthouse (117 ft. in height), 11/4 hr. to the E.,
affords an extensive panorama (cards of admission at the office of
the baths, 1 ^//.).
Borkum (see Plan, p. 97). — Approaches. 1. Steamer from
Emdcn (Nesserlander Schleuse ; p. 97) 3-4 times daily in 2V2-3 hrs. (fare
6 t/^ 20 pf ., including railway from Borkum pier) ; ferry-steamer several
times weekly (5 ^fC 10 pf., incl. railway). — 2. Steamer from Hamburg
(p. 117) via Norderney (change steamers), see pp. 98, 99 (fare 19 JC 90 pf.).
— 3. Steamer from Delfzyl (Holland), once or twice weekly.
The steamboat-pier is connected with the village hv a railway 41/2 M.
in length (20 min.; fare IV2 ^^)-
Hotels. On the Beach: *KdhIer''s Strand Hotel (PL a), pens. 45-
70 JC weekly ; Victoria (PI. c) ; '■^Kaiserhof (PI. b), R. 21/2-6, D. 21/2-31/2 ^;
'^Hawich^s Strand Villa (PL i), pens, from -ib JC weeklv; Nordsee-Hotel
(PL d), pens. 35-50.^ weekly ; Backer's Strand Hotel (PI. 1), pens. 40-50^.—
At the Station: Detdsches Hans (PL m), Balinhofs-Hotel: Landsberg
(PL n), pens. 35-50 .S. — In the Village: KoJiler's Dorf-Hotel (PI. f),
pens, from 36 JC; Backer Junior; Bakker Senior (PL g) ; Seestern
(PI. h), pens. 4-6 JC. — Pensions. Becker, 35-45 JC a week; Dr. Schmidt;
Marienhof; Schumacher. — Private Apartments, 15-40 JC per week.
Restaurants at the hotels; also, Becker, see above, h. l^j^-2^j^JC;
Middehnann, D. I1/2 JC; Continental Bodega, Strand -Str. — Cafes-
Restaurants outside the village at Upholm, Jdgerheim, Victor iahdhe,
Bloonfontein, and Wilhehnslust.
Sea Baths (at high-water only), 40-60 pf., fee 1 t^/C per week. —
Warm salt-water baths at the Warmbade-Anstalt, I1/2 JC. — Visitors'
Tax (after 3 days), ^ JC, 2 pers. 10, 3-4 pers. 12, 5 pers. and upwards
14 ^#. — Theatre at Kohler's Dorf - Hotel. — Reading Room next
the Warmbade-Anstalt. — Steamboat via Juist (31/2 JC) to Norderney,
see above.
Borkum, situated at the mouth of the Ems, 9 M. from the Dutch
coast and between the channels called the Oster Ems and Wester
Ems, is the westernmost of the E. Frisian Islands. It is 5 M. long
100 Route 13. LAXGEOOa.
and 2^ g ^- broad, and possesses pleasant green pastures, which
support an excellent breed of milch-cattle. The island is visited
bv about 22.000 sea-bathers annuallv (^June-Oct.). In the \-illao:e
(^2100 inhab. I is an old lighthouse. 153 ft. in height, and near it is
a new one. 40 ft. higher. — The K side of Borkum and the Dutch
island of Rottum are the haunts of thousands of sea-fowl, whicli
breed there (ticket of admission to the breeding-place 30 pf.).
The more important of the other E. Frisian Islands are also
frequented for sea-bathing.
"VkTailgeroog. — Approaches. 1. Steamboat daily from Harle
(p. 98; in 3 ^ hr. (^fare 4 ^/if) ; railway from the pier to the (20 min.)
village. — 2. Steamer from Wilhelmshaven fp. 111} daily in 21/0-3 hrs.
(1 t.4C,. — 3^ Steamboat from Bremen (p. 102) via BremerJiavcn (p. 109) dailv
in 61 V 7 hrs. (10 J^-).
Hotels. Strojid Hotel. R. 2Vo-4V2; B. 1. D. 2-21/4, pens. 6-8 J^ :
Kaiserhof. pens. 51/2-8 JC: Jlonopol. pens. 51/2-6 J^ : Hanken; Kurhaus-
Hdtel, in the village, pens. 5 ^^; Jurgens. — Private ApartmentH,
8-15 JC per week.
Visitors' Tax (after 5 days). 5 ^, 2 pers. 7, 3-4 pers. 10, 5 pers.
and upwards 12 Jl. — Sea Bath 60 pf . ; warm salt-water bath li/o J(.
Wangeroog. belonging to Oldenburg, is 5^2 M. long and 1 M.
broad, and is visited by 10,000 sea-bathers annually. The square
West-Turm (17th cent. '. which lies 2^ jo M. to the W. of the present
village railway 20 pf.}. is the relic of a previous village over-
whelmed by a storm in 1854.
Spiekeroog. — Approaches. 1. Omnibus daily in summer from
E.^ens p. 97, to (51.2 M.) Xeuharlingersiel . and thence motor-launch to
(1 hr.) the pier and tramway to the village (fare from Xeuharlingersiel 2^4).
— 2. Steamboat from Ba'rle (p. 98) daily in 2i 2 hrs. (5 ^€ 50 pf.).
Hotels. GirnseJ. R. 2-3, B. 1, D. 21/2. pens, from 33 ^4 a week: Zur
Llnde. pens, from 33 ._4' a week: Inselfriede. — Private Apartments,
8-15 JC per week. — Giftbude Bestaurant. — Sea Bath 50 pf., warm salt-
water bath 11 2..4(. — Visitors* Tax (after 4 days), S JC. — Tramway from
the village to the (10 min.) beach, 10 pf.
Spiekeroog., which belongs to Prussia, is 5 M. long and IV 4 M.
broad, and is visited by 1700 sea-bathers annually. The bathing-
arrangements, though unpretending, are good. The village is situated
amidst trees, about 1 M. from the bathing-beach.
Langeoog. ■ — Approaches. 1. Light railway in 1/4 hr. from Escus
(p. 97) to 3 M.) Bensersiel, and thence steamboat in 40 min. (ferry-
boat in 11 2 hr.) to Langeoog pier, and tramway to the (20 min.) village
(fare from Esens 51 o «.*;• — 2. Steamer from Norderney. see p. 99.
Hotels. ^ Strand -Hot/- J Kurhaus. R. 21.2-4. pens, per week 35-60^.4:
1 33 ^ weekly: Meinen , pens. 30-36 .A:
.occura Convent. R. 8-20. board 26^^ weckly
•tments. from 10 ^€ per week. — Sea Bath
warm salt-wateV hat\ li o ^. Visitors" Tax (after 5 days) 4 c^.
^^h is SioPI- l'"J"g ^^^ I ^^- broad, is visited by
^5000 ^^gy^s annuall]^ /he village (340 inhab.) is situated on
the bathing-beach on the W. coast.
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VERDEN. 14, Route. lO]
Baltrum. — Approach. Omnibus daily iu Yi l»i- from Dornum
(p. 97) to (3V2 M.) Nessmersiel, whence a ferry plies to the island in 1 hr.
(fare li/2«^)-
Hotels. Kilper, R. 21/2, pens, weekly 28-32 JC; Post. — Private
Apartments from 8^ per week. — Sea Bath 50 pf . — Visitors' Tax, 4-5..^.
Baltrum., 4^2 M. long and 72^^- l>i'oad, is the smallest of tlio E.
Frisian bathing-places; but its accommodation and arrangements,
though unpretending, are very fair.
Juist. — Approaches. 1. Steamboat daily from Nordcleich (p. 08)
in ^V^ hr. (fare 4 t^/fc^ 80 pf., incl. street-railway) or ferry-boat in 2 hrs.
(S J^). — 2. Steamer from Norderney, sec p. 99.
Hotels. Kicrhaus, R. from 21/2, B. 1, D. 23/^, pens, from 7 JC ; Friesen-
hof, pens, from 6^; Itzen, Rose, pens, from 42 c^ weekly; Claasen. —
Private Apartments, 8-15 <^ per week. — Sea Bath, 60 pf . ; warm
salt-water bath V/.^J^. — Visitors' Tax (after 3 days) (> ^ , 2 pers. 8.
3-4 pers. 10 tS.
Juist., 10^2 ^^- lo"g and '/^ ^- hroad, is visited annually by
6000 sea-bathers. Walks may be taken to the (2 hrs.) Bill (inn)
at the W. end of the island, and to the (V/9 hr.) Kalfame?^ at the
E. end.
14. Prom Hanover to Bremen.
76 M. Railway. Express iu 2 hrs. (fares 10 c^ 20, 6 ^ 80, 4 ,S 20 pf .) ;
ordinary trains in 3 hrs. (9 JC 20, ^ JC 80, 3 ^H^ 70 pf.).
From Hanover to (13 M.) Wunstorf, see pp. 39, 38. Country
poor, flat, and sandy. In the distance, to the W., we observe the
^Stehihudei' Meer (p. 38). Several unimportant stations. 34 M.
Nienhnrg (Kanzler), with 10,400 inhab., on the Weser. The train
crosses the Aller. — 54 JVI. Verden (Hotel Hannover, R. 2-3,
D. 2 t/^j, with its cathedral destitute of tower (1290), where Char-
lemagne founded an episcopal see; pop. 9700. Branch-line to
Celle, sec p. 113. — 58 M. Langtvedel, junction of the Berlin line
(p. 40). — 721/2 M. Sebaldshrilck is connected with Bremen by a
tramway-line (see p. 102). To the left is the handsome new church
of Ha.siedt. — 76 M. Bremen.
15. Bremen.
PI. I refers to tlic general plan, PL II to that of the inner town
(p. 103).
Hotels (the best often crowded on the eve of the sailing- of the
American steamers; advisable to order rooms in advance). *Hillmanjn's
(PI. II; a, E I), R. from 4, B. I1/4, D. 'V^jo JC , with restaurant; *Hotel
DE l'Europe (PI. II; b, F 4), R. from 31/2', B. IV2, flej. 2, D. 'i JC, witli
restaurant and cafe , both in the Herdentor-Steinweg (Nos. 51 and 50) ;
^Central (PI. II; d, F 4), Bahnhofs-Platz, R. from 3, B. I1/4, D. 31/2-^;
Ctrand- Hotel du Nord (PI. II; c, F 4), Bahnhof-Str. 14; Sieden-
BCRG (PL II; e, F 5), Am Wall 175, R. 21/2-0, D. 13/^-3 JC; Bristol
(PL II; p, F 4), Am Wall 161, with cafe-restaurant; Alberti (PL II; f,
F 4). R. from 3, I). 2V/., JC. fair; Schaper (PL II: g, F 4), D. 21/4 o^,
102 If^'i'te i'>-
BREMEN.
PTiXctical yotes.
these two in the Bahuhof-Strasso ; Bahnhof-Hotel (PI. 11 ; k, F 1), Herden-
tor-Steiuweff 30; Reichshof (PL II; h. F 4). Bahnhof-Str. 26, R. 2V2-3.
D. 21 o .S : Kaiserhof iTL II : o. F 4i, Bahnhofs-Platz. R. 2i v3. D. 21/2 J( ;
CoxTi.xENTAL (PL II; 1, F 4), Bahuhofs-Platz ; Victoria (PL II; i, F 4).
Herdentor-Steinweg 17: Stadt Bremen (PL II; n, F 4), Bahnhof-Str. 35;
Germaxia (PL II; m, F 4), Bahnhof-Str. 32. — Pensions. Barleheiiy
Fedelhoren 48 (PL II: F, 4). pens. 6-8 .M; Pfaff, Fedelhoren 51. 5-6 JO.
Restaurants. "^HiUmanv/s, *II6t. dc rEiirojie, see p. 101; *BaU'
l^eller ;p. 104,; AUhremer Hans (PL II , E 5 ; p. 106), D. from 13/^ .^ ;
PiUfenliof-KeUcr. sec below: Siedenhurg. see p. 101; Continental Bodega.
Haken-Str. 2a. D. 2i/.> JC. — Beer. Rntenliof (p. 105). D. 1 JC m pf! &
2 .M : Lichfrauen, Soge-Str. 23. D. l^i^JC : Jakohi-HaUe, Jakobi-Kirehhof 11,
D. 1.4C 60 pf . : TivoU PL II : F. 4 1. D. 11/2 JC : Becknje : Borsen-Bestaurant :
Automatic Bcstaurant, cor. Kaiser-Str. & Hutfilter-Str. (PL II; E, 4). —
Cafes. Wiener Cafe, at the Hot. de LEnrope (p. 101); Turck , Am
AVall 164: Central Cafe, Schliisselkorb 11: Boland, Knochenhauer-Str. 6.
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL II; F, 5), Am Wall , from Sept. to
April only: TivoU (PL II; F, 4). An der Weide ; Metropol^ Ansgarii-
Tor-Str. 20 (PL II: E. 4), variety theatre. — Concerts, in summer daily
in the Bf/'rc/er-Park fp. 1081, and in the Garden of the TivoU Theatre.
Post and Telegraph Office (PL II; E, F, 5), Domsheide.
Baths. Biver Baths, at the Kaiser -Brtlcke (PL I; D, 4) and the
Osterdeich PL I : F. G. 6). — Warm Baths: ^PuhUc Baths (PL II; F, 4),
adjoining the railway-station (Turkish and Russian baths 2 JC^ warm baths
1 -A. swimming-bath 40 pf.).
Taximeter
Cabs.
Within the cit^' .
With luggage' .
At night ^11-7.30)
Waiting
Electric Tram^w^ays '10 pf. ; principal centre in the Market, PL I.
E 5). — 1. Bingbahn, round the city (5 M.), beginning and ending at the
Panzenberg (PL I: D. 3). — 2. From Arsterdamni (beyond PL I, E 6) to
the Bilrger-Park (F\. I: CL H. 1, 2). — 3. From the Domshof (PL II;
E. F 5) to Horn (bevond Pi. I. H, 3). — 4. From GropeUngen (bey. PL I,
C 1) to WeserJust (bey. PL I, H 6).'— 5. From Sebaldsbriick (bev. PL I,
H 5) to the Holzhafen (PL I; B. 1). — 6. From the Biirger-Park (PL I;
G. H. 1, 2) to the Pappel-Strasse rPl. I; D. 6). — 7. From the Park-
AlUe (PL I; G, 3, 4) to WoUmershausen (PL I; B, 4). — 8. From Gropel-
ingen to Burg.
Steamboats to Bremerhaven (p. 109) twice daily in summer in 3V2hrs.
(fare 2..^.). — From Bremen to London (36 hrs.) thrice', to HuJl (36 hrs.) twice
weekly. From Brcmerhayen to Xev: York the fast steamers of the North
German Lloyd ply once weekly (in which travellers for England may
return to Southampton). For particulars apply at the offices of tlie
Xorth German Lloyd Xorddeutscher Lloyd), Papen-Str. 5 (PL II; E, 4).
Consulates. British Yice-Consul, C.JIosle. Borsen-Xebengebaude 28.
United States Consul. Wni. T. Fee, 15 Soge-Str. (9.30 a.m. - 2 p.m.). —
Lloyd's Agents, F. Beck d: Co. — Strangers' Enquiry Office, Bahn-
hof-Str. 36 (PL II: F. 4).
Chief Attractions (one day). Market Place and Bathaus (p. 103),
Cathedral (p. 105;. Domsheide (p\ 105) ; along the Obern-Str. or Langen-
Strasse (p. 106) to the Kaiser-Brilcke: Promenades (p. 106) and Kunst-
haile (p. 106). Afternoon : Municipal Museum (p. 107) : Jlomiment ofEmp.
Frederick III. (p. 108); Biirger-Park (p. 108) or Free Harbour (p. 108);
evening at the Batskeller (p. 104).
Bremen, the second iu importance of the three independent Han-
seatic cities, with 215.000 iiihab., and one of the chief commercial
One-horse
Two -horse
10 min.
each addit. 5 min.
10 min. I each addit. 5 min.
—.70
—.20
—.80
—.20
—.80
—.25
—.90
—.35
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—.35
1.—
—.45
—.50
—.20
-..50
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1^-^
Bathau.9. BREME"Nr. ^•''>- J^tntc. t()8
places in N. Germany, lies in a sandy plain on both banks of the
Weser, about 46 M. from its influx into the German Ocean. On
the right bank is the Alfstadty formerly enclosed by ramparts,
round which the Suburbs are situated, and on the left bank is
the Neustadt. Many well-preserved old buildings testify to the
mediaeval importance of the place, while the numerous handsome
new^ edifices entitle it to a respectable rank among the modern
cities of Europe.
Bremen is the oldest seaport of Germany. The Bishopric of Bremen
was founded in 787 by Charlemagne. In the 10th cent, the town, in con-
sequence of certain privileges accorded to it by the archbishops, began
to flourish as a seaport and a commercial place; but in the 13-llth cent,
the citizens contrived gradually to shake off the archiepiscopal yoke.
They joined the Hanseatic League (p. 116) in 1270, but for a long' time
kept aloof from its proceedings. Bremen reached the height of its import-
ance in the 16th cent., after which it was thrown into the shade by Ham-
burg. In 1522 Bremen embraced the Reformation, and in 1517 gallantly
repelled an attack by the Imperial army. The citizens bravely defended
themselves against the Swedes also (1666), who had obtained possession
of the episcopal see by the Peace of Westphalia, and finally in 1731, after
having been subject to Hanover for 12 years, vindicated the position of
Bremen as a free city of the Empire. The form of government is similar
to that of Hamburg (p. 119). The town is now chiefly indebted for its
importance to its seaport, Bremerhaven (p. 109), which was entered in
1907 by 5208 sea-going vessels of 4,097,055 tons' burden. The value of the
imports in the same year amounted to 1845 million, of the exports to
1743 million marks. The staple commodities arc tobacco, rice, cotton,
wool, grain, and coffee. In 1908 the merchants of Bremen possessed 531
sea-going vessels of 1,239,910 tons, including 430 steamers, more than half
of which are engaged in the Atlantic traffic. Bremen is the headquarters
of the Norddeutscher Lloyd, whicli, in 1909, possessed 425 vessels, with
a total register of 765,827 tons.
The principal business part of Bremen consists of the three
squares, the Domshof, the Domsheide, and the Market Place, situ-
ated near each other in the Altstadt (PL II; E, F, 5). From the
market-place diverge also the most important thoroughfares: the
Langen-Strasse (containing several buildings of the 16tli cent. ;
comp.p. 106), the Obern-Strasse (p. 106), and the Soge-Strasse (PL II;
E, 4), the chief business-street (Historical Museum, see p. 106).
In the *Makket Place (PL E, 5) are the Rathaus, the Ex-
change, the 'Schiitting', and several fine old houses. Among the last
is the Rats-Apotheke (1532), furnished with a new fagade in 1894.
The *Rathaus (PL II; E, 5), mainly a Gothic building, was
erected in 1405-10; in 1609-12 a Renaissance fa^'ade was added on
the S.W. side, resting on twelve Doric columns, and remarkable
for its richly-decorated oriel-window and handsome gable. The
sixteen statues between the windows are mediaeval (on the end-
walls, saints and philosophers; towards the market, the Emperor
and the seven Electors). By the S.E. portal are two armour-clad
knights on horseback, by the S.W. portal, two knights on foot, all
in chased copper, by R. Maison (1901-4).
104 Route lo. P.REMEX. Eychnnge.
From the Kaisor-Wilhclm-Platz we enter the lower hall of the Rat-
haus, and ascend a winding wooden staircase on the right to the *Great
Hall (ca. 150 ft. long, 45 ft. wide, and 28 ft. high), which is open free
daily 8-7 (Sun. 10-2). By the end -wall are the seats of the councillors
(190'3). On the side next the market-place an elaborately carved *Winding
Staircase (1616) ascends to the upper oriel room above the 'Gulden-
Kammer' (redecorated in 1905). On the opposite wall are a large painting
by Hilnten. representing the battle of Loigny (Dec. 2nd. 1870) and a
fresco of 1532 fCharlemagne and St. Willihad with a model of the
cathedral). Over the next door are reliefs of Wisdom. Peace, and Justice
(1577). From the ceiling, which is adorned with medallions of German
emperors from Charlemagne to Sigismund. are suspended old models of
ships. The stained-glass windows contain names and armorial bearings of
councillors of Bremen. In a corner of the hall stands a marble Statue
of Smidt (d. 1857). Burgomaster of Bremen (p. 109), by Steinhauser.
On the W. side is the entrance to the celebrated *Ratskeller, con-
siderably "enlarged in 1874 and adorned with frescoes by Arthur Fitger.
The cellar, which contains German wines exclusively, is open daily till
11p.m. (on Sundays not before 3 p.m.). Wine may be purchased by the
glass or bottle; cold and (after 7p.m.) warm viands arc also supplied.
The oldest casks are the -Rose' (dating from 1653) and the -Twelve
Apostles'. The 'Rose' derives its name from a large rose painted on the
ceiling, beneath which the magistrates of olden times are said to have
held their most important meetings, such deliberations 'suh ro^a being
kept profoundly secret. Travellers versed in German literature will re-
cognize several of the "dramatis persona?' inHauffs 'Phantasien im Bremer
Ratskeller'. to which some of the frescoes refer. The cellarer enquires
from time to time in the upper rooms whether any of the visitors desire
to inspect the cellars ^gratuity).
On the X.W. side of the Eathaus is an equestrian Statue of
Emperor William I. (PL 7 1. in bronze, by Barwald 1 1893). — The
Sfadthaus. adjoining the Rathaus on the X.E., is being rebnilt.
In fi'ont .'to the S.W.) of the Rathaiis stands the *Roland
iPI. 9 ». a colossal fiorui-e in stone, 18 ft. hio^h. erected in 1404 on the
site of an earlier figure of wood, a symbol of municipal jurisdic-
tion, and the palladium of civic liberty. In his left hand the giant
bears a shield with the imperial eagle, and a naked sword in his
right. The figure was repainted in 1905.
On the S.W. side of the market is the Schiittiny^ or Chamber
of Commerce, erected in 1538-94 (facade restored in 1899).
The ^Exchange PL II: E, 5), designed by H. Midler^ is in
the Gothic style 1861-64!. The handsome Hall business-hour 1-2;
has a coffered ceiling, supported by columns. The S. wall is oc-
cupied by a large painting by Janssen. The galleries and staircase
are adorned wih mural paintings by Arthur Fitfjer. Over the en-
trance is a marble figure representing Brema. by Kropp.
To the S. of tlie Exchange is the Cotton Exchange, designed by
Poppe 1899-19021. — In the small square between the Rathaus,
the Exchange, and the Cathedral are the Turmhldser-Brunnen
(TL 11), by Dennert (1899), and the WiUehadi-Brunnen (PL 12),
by R. Xeumann 1833 •. The Historical Museum. Am Dom 3, con-
tains viev.s. models of ships, and household gear Sat.. 10-2. and
Sun.. 10-5: closed Dec. -March.: see also p. 106).
Cathedral. BRP:MEN. lo- Houtc. 105
The ^Cathedral (PI. II, E 5; Prot.; open on week-days, 10-2),
a Romanesque edifice with double choir, the main parts of which
belong to the original building, seems to have been erected between
1044 and 1101, but was greatly altered in the 13th century. The
N. aisle, which is of equal height with the nave, was added in the
16th century. The whole of the exterior was restored in 1888-98
and a tower above the crossing was added in 1899.
The dimly lit Interior (entered by the left side-door in the main
facade or through the house of the sacristan, Sand-Str. 9) was painted
by Schaper in 1899-1901. Admirable Organ (1894). In front of it are
fine reliefs dating from 1500, representing Charlemagne, St. Willehad
with the model of the cathedral, bishops, and others. The Stained Glass
Windoivs, with portraits of Luther and Melanchthon, are modern. Rococo
Pulpit (1638). In the first chapel (counting from the choir) of the S. Aisle
is a Font, in bronze, of the 12th century. Hence we enter the Cloister^s
(IJrth cent., restored in 1903), with weather-worn figures from the W.
gable. In the fifth chapel of the S. Aisle are some relics of the old choir
stalls (1365). — From the S. Transept a few steps descend into the Blel-
keller {i. e. lead-cellar, where the lead for the roof was melted), which
contains several mummies. This vault (open on week-days, 9-10 & 1-4; fee
50 pf., 3 pers. lt/A() still possesses the property of preventing decomposition.
In the DoMSHOF (PL II; E, F, 5), an extensive Platz on the N.
side of the cathedral, is the Bremen Bank (1905), and opposite is
the Ratenhof (restaurant, see p. 102), a private edifice erected in
1875. The court (open to the public) contains a frieze with frescoes
from German history, painted by Fitger. — On the N. side of the
Platz stands the Teichmann-Brunnen (PI. T.-B.), by R. Maison
(1899), representing a mariner and Mercury in imminent danger of
shipwreck, while a nymph strives to pull the boat under.
The DoMSHEiDE (PL II; E, F, 5), to the S. of the cathedral, is
adorned with a Statue of Gustavus Adolphas (PI. 5), designed by
the Swedish sculptor Fogelberg, and originally destined for Groten-
burg. — On the N. side of the square is the Gothic building of the
Kiinstlerverein (artists' association), with mural paintings (inside)
by Fitger. — The Post Office, in the Renaissance style, was com-
pleted in 1879. Opposite are the handsome Law Courts (PI. II;
F, 5), in the style of the German Renaissance (1891-95). — The
Ostertor-8tr. (PL II; F, 5) leads hence to the S.E. to the Kunst-
halle (p. 106).
The Roman Catholic Johannis - Kirche (PI. II; E, 5), dating
frojn the 14th cent., has a nave 60 ft. in height, borne by eight
slender columns. — In the oldest part of the town, between the
Weser and the market-place, rises the Church of St. Martin,
(PL II; E, 5), founded about 1229 and rebuilt in the 14th and
15th cent.; it contains an organ-case in the Renaissance style.
To the N. of the Rathaus is the Liebfrauen-Kirche (PL II;
E, 5), dating from the 12th and 13th cent., with a S. aisle added
in the 14th century. The W. fagade was restored in 1893. The
carved pulpit is of 1709. — The cloisters of the former Convent of
106 Boide 15. BRE3IEN. Ansgaru-Kirche.
St. Catharine, now a school, in the Soge-Strasse, accommodate the
second section of the Historical Maseam (PL II: E, 4), containing
architectural fragments, weapons, and ecclesiastical antiquities.
Visitors are admitted on application to the school-janitor (^fee).
From the Rathaus the Obern-Strasse (PI. II; E, 4, 5) leads to
the X.W. to the 13th cent. Ansgarii-KIirche (PI. II, E 4; re-
stored), with an altar-piece by ./. H. W. Tischhein and modern
stained-glass windows. The tower. 375 ft. in height, commands
an extensive view. Opposite the AV. portal is a group in marble
by Steinhauser , representing St. Ansgarius, the apostle of the
North and first archbishop of Bremen and Hamburg fd. 865), in
the act of releasing a heathen boy from the yoke of paganism. —
Beyond it is the *Gewerbehaus PI. II: E, 4i, erected in 1619-21
as a guildhall of the cloth -merchants, with a well-preserved
Renaissance fagade in sandstone. The interior (restored) contains
portraits of Burgomasters of Bremen, etc. (apply to the steward). —
In the Papen-Str. are the large offices of the Xorth German Lloyd
(PI. II, E 4: see p. 103 >, by J. G. Poppe, with a tower 250 ft. high.
Nos. 20-22 in the Kaiser-Str. contain ihe Museum of Industrial
Art (PL II, E 4; open daily, except Sat., 10-1), with interesting
wood-carvings and furniture. — St. Stephen's Church (PL II: D, 4j,
to theX.AV.. a Romanesque building of the 12th cent., was restored
in 1889; the inelegant spire on the S. tower dates from 1856.
"VVe now return to the market-place via the Laxgen-Stkasse
(PL E, 4, 5), with its quaint old houses: the Kornhaus (Xo. 75;
1591 . the Stissersche Hans (N. 16i, the *AIthremer or Essiy
HauS'So. 13: 1618. restored 1896: restaurant, see p. 102 1, and the
Weigh House iStadt-War/e : Xo. 9; PL II, E 5}, dating from 1587.
The *Proinenades, or Wall-Anlagen. laid out after 1815 by
Altmann. on the old ramparts, and separating the old town from
the suburbs, constitute the principal ornament of the city. The
moat is crossed by six bridges, named after the old gates (comp.
Plan*. In the promenades, near the Herden-Tor (PL E, F, 6), is a
Marble Vase with reliefs by Steinhduser. representing the so-called
'Kloster-Ochseuzug*. which formerly took place here annually. Xear
the Ansgarii-Tor 'PL II: E, 4i is a * Monument to the natives of
Bremen who fell in 1870-71 (bronze relief of the battle of Sedan;.
Beside the Bischofs-Tor is the Town Theatre (PL II; F, 5): below
to the E. is the Horse Tamer, by Tuaillou 1902: bronze).
Xear the Oster-Tor is the *Kunsthalle <PL II: F, 5i, con-
taining pictures by old and modern masters (the latter including
noteworthy examples from the artists' colony of "VS'orpswede, see
p. 108', sculptures, drawings, engravings, woodcuts, etc. Open free,
daily except Sat.\ 11-2. Director. Dr. G. Pauli ; catalogue 1 JC.
Q-round Floor. — On the right are the Collections of ExGRAVijfGs
(ca. lOO.OOO; and Dbawings (2500), in which Dilrer and the Minor Ger-
Kaw quarters. BREMEN, ^•>- Route. 1()7
man Masters are especially well represented. Among the 40 drawings
by Durer are several fine studies for landscapes. — The Sculpture Room
contains casts and German and French plaques.
On the First Floor are the Picture Gallery and small sculptures
by Gaul, Geyger, Stuck, Rodin, 3Teunier, Tuaillon, and others. — Room A.
To the right,' 306. Leibl, Portrait; Liehermann, Harlem; 237. Trtibner,
Portrait; 279. F. von Uhde, Garden-path; 266. H. von Maries, Portrait
of himself; 296, 295. Courhet, Sea-scenes; *298. 3Ionet, 'La fcmme a la
robe verte' (1866) ; 283. L. Simon, Old couple. — Room C. Landscapes by
Hans am Ende, Modersohn, and Achenbach. Mackensen, 233. Mourners,
*184. Motherhood; 50. Gude , Norwegian harbour; 273. Lenbach , Bis-
marck; 223. Zilf/el, Sheep; 224. L. Samberger, Jeremiah. — Room B.
l!io. 24:0. Zuloaga, Consuelo, the actress; 263.* Z>/Z/, Moorland brook; 231.
G. Kulil, Augustus -Briicke, Dresden; 426. Grethe, Ice in the harbour;
119. Schleich, Valley of the Isar; 266. Jan Toorop, Boys with dove. —
Room D. To the right, *241. Thoma, Falls of the Rhine: 229. H. Olde,
Claus Groth ; 218. Vinne^i , Landscape; *19. Bocklin , Adventurer; 247.
Feuerbach, Mandolin-player; 222. Lenhacli, Voluptas. — Room E. No. 147.
Verlat, Ducks; 280. Richter , Pilgrims resting (1839); 102. Overbeck,
Finding of Moses (1823) ; 145, Vcit, Eccc Homo ; 272. Schnor7' von Carols-
feld, Cavalry skirmish (1816). — Room F. No, 76. Leutze, Washington
crossing the Delaware.
Cabinets G-K contain Dutch and other old paintings. Cab. G: 48.
J. van Goyen, Landscape (1625); 252. Hondecoeter, Poultry. — Cab. H:
142. Adr. Backer, Nymphs. — Cab. I: Terbitrg, *258. Burgom.aster.
135. Backgammon -players (early work); *259. Buysdael, Chateau of
Bentheim. — Cab. K: *6. A. Altdorf'er, Nativity (early work, 1507);
164. MasoWto (?), Madonna (in an old frame; 1423): A. Durer, 32. Head
of Christ (1514), 33. SS. Onuphrius and John the Baptist (unfinished;
1505*?); 278. Cranach the Elder, Trinity (ca. 1515); 62. Lucas van Leyden,
Judgment of Daniel. — Room M. To the left, 38. G. van den EeckJiout,
Samson and Delilah; 123, Snyders, Still-life.
The rooms and cabinets on the N. side of the upper floor are used
for the exhibitions of the Kimstvereln (daily 11-2, except Sat., from Oct.
to April; 1/2-I -^)-
The New Quarters of the town beyond the moat, especiaHy
the Osterdeich on the banks of the Weser (PI. I; F, a, 4-6), the Siel-
wall, with a monument to Theodore Korner (PL I, 16; Gr, 5), and
the streets near the railway-station, contain many handsome private
houses. At the corner of the Bismarck-Str. and the Schwachhauser
Ohaussee is the * Centaur Fountain (PL I, K-B ; &, 4), by A. Sommer.
— At the E. end of the Osterdeich, 2 M. from the Promenades, are
the Botanic Garden and the Weserlust^ an open-air restaurant.
The Herdentor-Steiuweg and the Bahnhof-Str. (PL F, 4) lead
from the Her den-Tor (p. 106) to the Bahnhofs-Platz, on the 'N,
side of which stands the Central Baihvay Station (VI. II; F, 4). —
On the W. side of the square rises the ^Municipal Museum of
Natural History, Ethnology, and Commerce (PL II; F, 3),
erected in 1896 and recently enlarged (open in summer, free on
Sun., 10-2, and Wed. and Sat., 2-6; adm. on Tues. andFrid., 10-2,
50 pf.). The lifelike groups illustrating different races of mankind
and different families of animals form a special feature that has
been imitated in other museums. Director, Prof. Schauinsland.
The Ground Floor contains the Ethnological Collections, the Fisheries
Collection, and the extensive Commercial Collection. — On the First
108 Route 15. GEESTEMCXDE.
Floor is the Zoological Collection. — The Second Flook is devoted to the
Prehistoric, Botanical, Mineralogicol, and Palaeontological Collections,
To tlie S.^V. of the Museum is the Municipal Library (PL II;
E, 3), coutaining 130.000 vols, lopen dailv 11-1. also on Mon., Wed.,
Thurs.. and Sat.. 3.30-6.30).
Between the rail, station and the Bilrger-Park is a bronze "^Statue
of Emp. Frederick III. (PL I, 15; Gr, 3), in Roman dress, bv
Tuaillon (1905). The *Burger-Park (PL I; F-H, 1-3) was laid
out by W. Bencjue in the English style in 1866-84. There are
numerous restaurants (Parkhaus on the Holler-See,, Cafe on the
Emma-See. both very fair; Wildgeliege ; Meiei^ei or dairy; Wald-
Sckldsschen)^ at which bands occasionally play in the evening.
The aecession of Bremen to the ZoUverein, or German Customs Union,
in 1888 necessitated the creation of a Free Harbour (Freihafen: PL I;
B, C, 2, 3) to the X.W. of the old town, on the right bank of the Weser,
with large bonded warehouses, apparatus for loading and unloading ships,
and other necessary features. — The Haus Seefalirt (PI. I, 14; D, 3), an
asylum for aged seamen and their widows, founded in 15-45, was rebuilt
on its present site in 1874-76. It incorporates the old doors , with the
famous inscription, 'Xavigare necesse est, vivere non est necesse'.
Several bridges connect the Altstadt on the right with the
Neustadt on the left bank of the AVeser. The Church of St. Paul
(PL 1. 18; E, 5), in the French baroque style, dates from 1679-82. —
To the S.E.' is the Marine School (PI. I, 19: E, 6), founded in
1822. ■ — On the former ramparts are several Barracks and the
Technical Institute (PL I; D. 5).
From Bre3jex to Tarmstedt. 17 M.. light railway in li/o hr. The
line (station, PL I. F 3) runs through moorland scenery. — 10 M. Worp-
hausen. A road leads hence to the X.W. to (3 M.) ^W'orpswede (Stadt
London^, a pretty village at the foot of the Weyerberg ^167 ft.), which since
1894 has harboured a well-known artists* colour. — 17 M. Tarmstedt.
From Bremen to Geestemiinde and Bremerhaven.
SSVs M. Railway to Geestemiinde in l-l^/^ hr. (fares 4 ^#80, 3^, IJt.
95 pf . : express-fares 5 t.A^ 30. 3 ^€ 50, 2 Ji 20 pf.). In summer some
trains go on to the Lloyd-Halle at Bremerhaven, where the steamers of
the Xorth Cierman Lloyd berth. Comp. the Map. — Steamer, see p. 102.
41 2 M. Oslehshausen (lo the right the prison of Bremen); 7 JVI.
Burcf-Lesum 1 branch-line to G rohn-Vegesack, with large ship-
building, yards., and Forge . Then several small stations.
38^2 M. Geestemiinde comp. Plan, p. 101). — Hotels.
Deutsches Halts ;P1. a). R. & B. 2-\-'i^rz^ I>- 1^:2-2 ^-.Lehr eke, in the market-
place. R. & B. 3. D. 2 a: Hannover (PL b) ; Janssen. Georg-Str. 12. —
Bailvsay Be!<taurant : Restaurant at the Fischerei-Hafen. D. from li/., «.4'.
— Electric Tramways from the station through Bremerhaven to Lehe,
a Prussian town of 35,000 inhab. (with branch to the Lloyd-Halle), and
via Georg-I^tr. to the Fischerei - Hafen and AVulsdorf. — Cab to the
Fischerei-Hafen I1/.2, to the Kaiser-Hafen at Bremerhaven 21/2 «^.
Geestemiinde (25,000 inhab.), situated on the left bank of the
Geeste. at its influx into the AVeser, was founded by the Hanoverian
BREMERHAVEN. !'>- J^oute. lOO
*^oveninieut in 1857. The Morgenstern Museum contains prehistoric
and local collections and North Sea fauna (open free, Tliurs. 2-A^
Sun. 11-1). — A steamboat, starting near the Hot. Hannover, plies
every Y2 ^i'- i^i 1^ "^i^- (10 pf.) to the Fischerei-Hafen^ constructerl
in 1891-96, which carries on important deep-sea fisheries and a
trade in fish. A branch-railway runs from Geestemiinde to (27 M.i
Cnxhaven (p. 132), and another to (591/2 M.) Buchhoh (p. 133). —
On the opposite bank of the Geeste lies —
Bremerhaven (sec Plan, p. lOl). — Hotels. Beermann's, R. 2VV
8, B. 1, D. 21/0-3 JC; Central Hotel; Herrmann, Homfeld, R. from 13/^,
D. 11/2'^; Sanssoitci, R. from 21/2, I>- 13/4-21/2*^^. — Restaurants. Sans-
.soiici (see above), Cafe Bismarck, EeicJishalle , all in the Smidt-Str.;
LloydJialle, SeeltiHt, both at the Kaiscrhafen.
Post & Telegraph Office, Schiffer-Str. A and at the Lloyd -Halle.
Brit. Vice-consul, N. C. Haag. — U.S. Consular Agent, J. H. Sclina'
bel. — Lloyd's Agents, Clausscn & Wieting.
Bremerhaven^ the prosperous seaport of Bremen, was founded
in 1827 by the advice of Burgomaster Smidt (p. 104; to whom a mon-
ument was erected in 1888 in the market-place, PL 3) on a small
piece of land purchased from Hanover and enlarged by later treaties
with Hanover and Prussia. It is now a rapidly-increasing town
with 25,000 inhab., commodious docks, and extensive shipping-
traffic. At Blirgermeister- Smidt -Str. 26 is a Natural History
Museum (open free on Wed., 12-1, and Sun., 11-1). l^\iQ Free
Harbour J retained after Bremen joined the Zollverein, embraces
the Kaiser-Hafen and the N. part of the Neue Hafen. A visit may
be paid to one of the large transatlantic steamers of the Nord-
deutsche Lloyd^ usually lying here (adm. to wharves, workshops,
and vessel 50 pf.). The Lighthouse (adm. 25 pf.) commands a good
survey of the environs.
Steamer to Norderney, see p. 98 : to Wangerooge, see p. 100 : to Heligo-
land, see p. 1.33.
16. Prom Bremen to Emden and
Norddeich (Norderney),
Railway from Bremen to Emden. 76 M., in 21/0-33/4 hrs. (fares 9 ^fC 70,
G .^ 10, 3 .^ 90 pf . ; express-fares 10 JC 70, 7 JC lo", 4 ^ 40 pf . ; to Nord-
deich, 101 M., express-train (in summer only) in 4 hrs. (fares 15 t,^ 10,
9 ^fC 80 pf., 6 ..fC; to Norderney 18 JC 80, 13 ^fl 70, 9 ^fC 60 pf.).
Bremen J see p. 101. The train crosses the Weser (view to the
left) and halts Rt {V/.2'M.) B7^emen-Neustadt. From {9 M.JDelmen-
horst (20,200 inhab.) a branch -line runs to (57^/2 M.) Bramsche
(p. 111). From (16 M.) Hude, with a picturesque ruined monastery
(begun in 1236), a branch -line runs via Elsfleth and Brake (Brit,
vice-consul, F. Ohlrogge; U. S. consular agent, W. Clemens; Lloyd's
agent, J. Miiller) to (27 M.) Nordenham (Friesischer Hof) and
(31 M.) Blexen, whence a steam-ferry plies to Geestemiinde (p. 108).
B.4kdeker's X. Germany. 15th Edit. g
110 BoHte 16. OLDENBUKCi. i'rom Bremen
27 31. Oldenburg. — Hotels. Hotel de Bussie, very fair; Erb-
grossherzog: "^Bahnhofs-Hotel. R. & B. 21/2-5, D. 11/2-2^; Uchtmann's
Hotel : Fi8Che)''s Hotel. — Restaurants. Hoyer (wine), Baiimgarten-Str. :
Graf Anton Gilnther : Kaiserhof : Union. HeiligeDgeist-Str. 5, withgardeu.
D. 114^*; Batskellcr. belov.- the Rathaus (see below). — Post Office, in
the Jordan. — Taximeter Cabs. 50 pf. per 1000 metres.
Oldenhurg, with 28.600 inliab. (incl. suburbs), the capital of
tiie grand -diicliy of that name, is a quiet town on the Hnrite^ sur-
rounded bv handsome avenues and modern dwellinir-houses, which
Lave superseded the old ramparts. It was founded about 1108.
From the Railway Station the Kaiser-Str. leads S. to the Stan,
with the Industrial Museum^ containing household gear, models
of ships, etc. (apen on Tues., Frid., & Sat. 11-2, Wed. 1-4, and Sun.
12-2; at X)ther times on application). — The Ritter-Str. leads hence
to the market-place, with the Bafhavs , built in 1887, and *SY.
Lambert's Church, dating from the 13th cent, but rebuilt in the
18th cent, and restored in 1874-86.
Xear the centre of the town is the grand-ducal Schloss, erected
in the 17th cent, and altered in the 18th and 19th: it is now un-
occupied. Opposite the palace i^.) are the Dur-al Stables (open
to visitors'. To the \V. of the palace is a Statue of Duke Peter
Frerlerick Lewis (d. 1829), by Gundelach. To the S. lies the pretty
SchlosS' Garten, or Palace Garden, with the Elisabeth Anna
Palais, occupied by the Grand Duke.
Crossing the Hunte and pursuing a straight direction, we observe
the Palais (visitors admitted), which contains a number of good
modern pictures. — A little farther on, to the S., we reach the
grand -ducal Xatir-\x History Museum, a Renaissance edifice
(open on Wed. and Sat. 3-6. in winter 2-4, Sun. 12-2;. Adjacent
is the Public Library, containing 123,000 vols, and 3ISS. (adm.
10-1.30?.
To the right of the Palais, in the Elisabeth-Strasse. rises the
Augusteum, a handsome edifice in the late -Renaissance style
(1866 1, containing the valuable grand-ducal '■^■Picture Gallery of
old masters 'open daily 10-1, Sun. 12-2; free). Catalogue 25 or 75 pf.
Upper Floor. }iAi>- Hall. Section 1: To the left, 64. Giiido
Bent. St. James the Less: 103. Murillo, Virgin as the Good Shepherdess.
Section 2: *91. Moroni 'not Bordone) . Portrait, a well-preserved
masterpiece: 95. Veronese. Venus and Cupid; *83. L. 'Lotto, Cavalier:
93, 92. Moroni. Portraits: 20. Al. AUori, Bianca Cappello; *o2 Bibera (?),
Entombment: 47. A. Solario, Salome.
Section 3: 46. Amb. de Prcdis. Portrait; 8. Florentine School (not
Masaccio), Portrait; 40. G. Ferrari, Madonna: 6. L. MazzoUno. Holy Fa-
mily (after Diirer): 81. Seb. del Piombo. Pieta (ca. 1526: studio-piece?);
*39.' Lombard School. John the Baptist (injured) : 77. Giov. Bellini, Ma-
donna fstudio-work) : 80. A. Previtali, John the Baptist (1521); 41. Defen-
dente de Ferrari . Yii-gm and St. Anna : 19. Pontormo , Fine lady: 4.
Garofalo. St. Catharine"(1529) : 9. Lor. di Credit?), Madonna : 28. Periigino.
St. Sebastian: i2. A. Bnrgognone. Madonna; 7. Fra Angelica. Madonna
foarlv -n-'^rk .
to Norddeich. WILHELMSHAVEN. ^6\ Route, m
Section 4: *323. Feuerbach, Battle of Amazons (sketch in colours);
326c. Makart, Venetian woman; 271. Schongauer, Madonna; *277. Lucas
Cranach the Elder, Sermon on the Mount (ca. 1515); *108. Lucas van
Leydeui?), Count Etzard I. of E. Fricsland.
Section 5: 123. Rubens, Portrait; Rubens, *124. St. Francis, 125.
Nymphs and Satyrs (these two ca. 1615).
Section 6: 143. Snyders, Grame (1614); 141. C. de Vos, Portrait; 145.
Jordaens , St. Jerome; 172. De Keijser (not Ravestcyn) , Portrait (early
work; ca. 1620). Rembrandt, 193. The Apostle Philip (ca. 1628); 192.
Artist's mother (so called; 1639); *194. Old man (1632); 195. Old man
in a red vest (ca. 1632); *197. Before the storm (ca. 1645). 186. S. van
Ruysdael, Landscape (1634) ; 175. 6r. Do2*, Portrait (early work ; ca. 1635) ;
162. M. van Mierevelt, Portrait.
Section 7 : 199, 200. F. Bol, Portraits (1658) ; 187. J. van Ruysdael,
Landscape; 234. Molenaer {not Honthorst), Peasants' concert; 212. Heda,
Breakfast ; 226. A. van Everdingen, Norwegian scene ; 263. C. de Heem,
Breakfast; over the door, 121. Rubens, Prometheus (ca. 1612; freely
restored).
Adjoining tlie residential quarter to tlie S.W. lies the Eversten-
holzj a pretty wooded park.
From Oldjunburg to Osnabruck, 70 M., railway in 3 hrs. From (39 M.)
Quakenbriick (Rotes Haus) , an industrious little town on the Haase,
possessing an old abbey-church, a line diverges to (102 M.) Oberhausen
(p. 31), passing Hheine, Burgsteinfurt, and Coesfeld. — 57V2 M. Bramsche
(p. 109). — 70 M. Osnabruck, see p. 70.
From Oldenburg to Wilhelmshaven, 321/2 M., railway in I-IV2 hr.
(from Bremen to Wilhelmshaven , 60 M., express train in 2 hrs.; fares
8 c^ 60, 5 t/^ 60, 3 c/^ 60 pf.). — 8 M. Rastede, once a large Benedictine
abbey, founded in 1121, was converted into a chateau in 1500, and is now
a summer -residence of the Grand Duke of Oldenburg; fine park in the
English style. — 19 M. Varel (Hotel Ebole; Victoria), a cheerful little
town (5600inhab.) amid pretty scenery, with a 12th cent, church. — Beyond
(24 M.) EUenser - Damm we*^cross the Ems -Jade Canal. — 28 M. Sande,
the junction of the railway to Norden and Emden (p. 98).
32V2M. AATilhelmshaven (Loheyde, PI. a, R. 3-5, D. 2-21/2-^ ; Hempel,
PL b, both good; Bristol, PL f, R. 3-4, D. 2-3 Ji; Burg Hohenzollern,
PL c, R. 3-5, D. 2-3 c^; Prinz Heinrich, PL d; Deutsches Haus, PL e;
Meyer'' s Restaurant, Roon-Str. ; Rathauskeller ; Cafe Kaiserhof; Post
Office, PL 10), with 26,000 inhab., is the second war-harbour of Germany,
constructed by Prussia in 1857-69, on the N.\Y. side of the Jade-Busen,
and strongly fortified. This basin, formed in the 13th and 16th cent, by
an inundation, is upwards of 60 sq. M. in area, and is connected with the
German Ocean by the Jade, a channel 3 M. wide. Wilhelmshaven is a
pleasant-looking town, laid out on an ample scale. (See Plan, p. 112.)
In front of the station is the Friedrich-Wilhelms-Platz, with a Mon-
ument to Emperor William I. (1895 ; PL 2) and a Statue of Admiral
Prince Adalbert of Prussia (d. 1873; PL 1). To the S. is the EUsabetk-
Kirclie (PL 4). — The Markt-Str. leads hence to the Imperial Dockyard
(Kaiserliche Werft), which is enclosed by a lofty wall, and is not shown
to foreigners without special permission. The New Harbour (17 acres in
area, and 25 ft. deep), for war-vessels in commission and for torpedo-boats
(separate section), is connected by locks with the New Channel ('Neue
Einfahrt') and the Ems and Jade Canal. On the N. it communicates with
the Fitting-out Harbour ('Ausriistungs-Hafen'), to the E. of which are the
Outer Harbour ('Yorhafen') and the 'Alte Einfahrt'. To the W. of the
Fitting-out Harhour is the Bauhafen (building harbour; 400yds. by 240
yds.). Connected with the latter are dry- docks and slips for the con-
struction of vessels of all kinds. — To" the N.E. of the town, beyond
two large barracks, is the Observatory, with a time-ball. A good pano-
rama is obtained from the 'Wasserturm^ in the park (adm. 25 pf.)-
112 Bo ate 16.
^ILHELMSHAYEX.
37 M. Zicischenahn (Kurliaus. pens. 4-7 -^M : Meyer's Hotel,
pens. 41 2'^ --^^J? pleasantly situated on a lake and visited as asnmmer-
resort. — The line intersects the extensive Hoch-Moor (p. 97).
611 ^ 31^ Leer, and thence to (76 M.) Emdea and (101 M.)
Xorddelch (;Xorderney}, see pp. 97, 98.
17. From Hanover to Hamburg.
113 M. Railway. Express in SV^ hrs. (fares 16 ./^ 60, 10 JC m, Q JC
80 pf.); ordinary trains in 4-5 hrs. (fares 14 ^ 60, 8 ^^ 80, 0 JC SO pf.).
Hanover, see p. 71. — lOVo ^^- Lehrte, the junction of the
Berliu-Hanover-Cologne (jd. 39). Brunswick-Magdeburg 'p. 39;, and
Hildesheim /j). 79) lines.
281. M. Celle fHot. Hannover. R. 23/4-31/4, I>. 1^:^-2^^,
omn. i/2"->^: Schloss-Hotel, R. & B. 3-4, D. li'g ^; Celler Hof;
%W M>,
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LONEBURG. i'- nonte, lj3
Railway Hotels K. 2-2 \ 2? D. 1^2 ^^^j ^^'^11 spoken of), on the Alter ,
with 21,400 inhab., has an old Schloss, formerly the residence ol'
the Dukes of Brunswick-Llineburg (1369-1705), which is partly late-
Grothic and partly in the Renaissance style (1666-75). The altar-piece
of the interesting chapel is by Martin de Yos of Antwerp (1569). Op-
posite the Schloss on the E. is the Vafe'ddndische Masevm (open
on Sun. & Wed., 11-1 & 3-5, on other days 10-3; 1-2 pers. 1 c.//, each
pers. addit. 50 pf.), containing- interesting old furniture and an almost
complete collection of the uniforms of the former Hanoverian army.
The old Parish Church contains the ducal burial-vaults (no ad-
mission), in which rest Sophia Dorothea (d. 1726), first wife of
Greorge 1. of England, and theDanishqueenCarolineMatilda(d. 1775).
To the S. of the Altstadt is the 'French Grarden', with a monument
to Queen Caroline Matilda. Many of the old houses (16-1 7th cent.)
are quaint.
A branch-line runs from Celle to (53 M.) Langwedel (p. 40) via Wietze-
Steinforde (with xjctroleum wells), Alilden, where the Princess Sophia Doro-
tliea (sec above) was confined from 169-1 till her death, and Verden (p. 101).
The train traverses the dreary Lilnehurger Heide. — 60 M.
Uelzen (Rail. Restaurant; Stadt Hamburg)^ with 9300 inhab.,
is the junction for the Stendal and Bremen line (p. 40).
80 M. Liineburg. — Hotels. '^Deidsches Hans (PI. a; D, 4),
R. 3-7, B. 1, D. 21/2 c^; Wellenkamp (PI. b ; D, 4), R. 3-6, B. 3/^, D. 2^^^^,
well spoken of : Zum Scliiessgrahen (PL c ; E, 3) ; Hoffming (PI. d ; D, 3, 4),
R. IV2-2V2' D. lVo-2^^; Park (PL e; D, 3). — Restaurants. Ratswein-
keUer , at the Rathaus (with mural paintings), D. 3 c/^ ; Von Losecke,
Stintmarkt 3 (PL E, 2, 3); Bamw, drosse Backer-Str. 13 (PL D, 3); Rats-
nchenke, in the market-place (PL D, 3) ; Schilttiug (PL 7 ; D, 3, 4), beer
at the last three. — Post Office (PL C. 3). — Cabs per V^ hr., 1 or 2 pers. -U,
3-4 pers. 1 ^^, each addit. Vi i^^"- 25 pf . ; trunk 20 pf .
Lilnehurg, an old town with 26,700 inhab., on the navigable
Ilmeuait, possessing salt-works which have long been of some im-
portance, was a prominent member of the Hansa in the middle ages.
A number of public, and many handsome private buildings, in the
late-Grothic and Renaissance styles, are memorials of the town's
prosperity in the 14-1 6th centuries.
On quitting either of the Raihcag Statists (PI. E, F, 3), which
lie to the E. of the town, we turn to the S. (left), cross the Ilnie-
nau, and soon reach the church of *^SV. John (PL D, E, 3), a Grothic
edifice with double aisles, dating from the middle of the 14th cent.,
with a lofty tower and handsome carved altar of the 15th cent,
(sacristan, Johannis-Kirchhof 25). Opposite is the Kalandhaus
(PL 4), with a crow-stepped gable of the 15th cent, (restored). A
little farther to the W. is the *Sand (PL D, 3), a square with the
Schiltting (see above) and many other quaint old houses.
About 300 yds. to the N. of the Sand is the Market Place
(PL D, 3), which is adorned with a fountain of 1530, and con-
tains the Rathat s, a pile of various buildings dating from the
8*
lU P^^'^'tr n. HARBURO.
13th down to the middle of the 18th cent, i baroque facade of 1704-
40: custodian. Lichte, in the \V. wing). The so-called Laube, of
the 15th cent, "restored in 1888 1, contains stained -glass windows,
carved cabinets, and interesting mural and ceiling decorations ('about
1525 . The Kor-Gemach. or election-room, dates from the 15th
century. The former Muniment Boon contains various small an-
tiquities. Opposite is the Old Chancery, now a museum. In one
of the corridors is an elaborately wrought iron gate by H. Ruge
1 1576). The FiirstensaaL a richlv decorated hall datino: from the
15th cent., contains numerous ancient portraits and electroplate
copies of the Llineburg silver service now in Berlin: the Batsstuhe,
of 1566-83. contains admirable carved work by Albert von Soest.
The "W. part of the Rathaus, called the Kcimmerei-Gehaude, con-
tains a beautifully carved wooden door ( Grothic) and a fine panelled
and carved room of the end of the 16th cent, (first floor). — The
Town Library 'PI. 8: D. 3' possesses several MSS. with beautiful
miniatm*es of the 15th cent, and some rare incunabula.
A little to the X . of the market-place is the church of *^SY. Nicho-
las 'PL D, 2 1, with a lofty nave and double aisles, dating from 1409
and containing some good paintings and valuable old vestments'(15th
*S: 17th cent.: sexton, An der Xicolaikirche li.
To the S. are the Saline (PL C, 4) and the Salt Water Baths.
— At Wandrahm 10, in the S.E. part of the town, is the Museum
'PL E, 4 1, with natural history and other collections ladm. 50 pf.;
8uu. 11.30-1. free .
About ^ 0 M. to the X. of the two railway stations is the Ben-
edictine nunnery of Liine (PL F, 1 ; now a ladies' home), founded in
1172. a brick buildincr datino^ from the end of the 14th cent., with
many additions of the 18th. Fine cloisters, with rich collection of
textile fabrics and embroideries.
From Lu^eburg to Buchex. 18^ o M.. railway in ^4 hr. — 11 M.
Lauenburg [Central Hotel. R. 2 JC). a small town with 5200 inhab.,
the rapital of the former duchy of Lauenburg. is situated at the mouth
of the Elbe and Trave Canal.' — ISVU ^f- Bp'cheji (p. 156); thence to
Lilbeck, see R. 24.
Beyond Luneburg we pass (85^ ^ M. 1 Bardoiviek^ once the chief
commercial town of X. Germany. It was destroyed by Henry the
Lion in 1189, and fragments of the vast cathedral now alone remain,
incorporated with a Gothic church (date about 1380). Pop. 2200.
1051 2 ^^' Harburg ^Kaiserhof: B ah nhofs- Hotel, R. 2^ ^-SVs,
D. 21/4 e^, both good: Deutsches Haas: Bail. Bestaurant: Brit,
vice-consul, C. Benck: steamer from Hamburg, see p. 117 1, an in-
creasing town with 56,000 inhab., and a busy seaport, is the junction
for the Bremen and Cuxhaven lines (pp. 132, 133).
.. Beyond Harburg the line crosses the Sutler -Elbe and the
Border-Elbe, and reaches — .
113 M. Hamburg (see next page;.
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Geograph-Anstalt voiiWaexier & Debes .Leipzig
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115
18. Hamburg, Altona, and their Environs.
I. Hamburg.
The plan of the inner town (p. 121) is referred to in the Text as PI. I,
the general plan of Hamburg- and Altona (p. 125) as PL II, and the rail-
way and tramway map of Hamburg and its environs (see opposite) as PI. III.
Railway Stations. Hamburg Central Station (PI. I, P 10 ; '^Restau-
rant), for all trains (office for incoming baggage on the W. side , for
outgoing baggage on the E.) ; Altona Terminal Station (PI. II ; I, K, 10),
for all trains except those for Lilbeck. The subsidiary stations Dammtor
(PI. II; N, 9), Sternschmize (PI. II; M, 8), and Holsten-Strasse (PI. II;
K, L, 9) are connected with the two main stations by the Junction Railway
('Yerbindungsbahn') between Blankcnese and Ohlsdorf (see p. 117). —
Cabs, see p. 116. Numbers are given out as at Berlin (p. 1). The hotels
do not send vehicles to meet the trains. — The Porters will, if desired,
transport luggage to the hotel or steamer.
Hotels. The most convenient situation for tourists is on or near
the Binnen-Alster (PI. I; 0, 9, 10). Hotels of the first class are apt to
be crowded on the eve of the departure of the New York steamers, and
rooms should then be secured in advance. — *Hotel Esplanade (PL I, E;
N, 9,) at the Dammtor, R. 6-12Vo, B. IV2, dej. 31/2, D- ^ ^; Atlantic
Hotel (PL I, w4 ; P, 9), An der Alster 12, opened in 1909, R. 5-15, B. IV2,
dej. 3, D. (4.30 to 7.30) 6 Ji; ^Hamburger Hof (PL I, h; 0, 10), Jungfern-
stieg30, R. from 3, B. I1/2, dej. 3, D. (5-8 p.m.) 4c^; *Palast (PL I, w;
0, 9), Neuer Jungfernstieg 16, R. from 4, B. IV2, dej. 3, D. (4.30 to 8)
4-51/2 «^; *ViER Jahreszeiten (PL I, c; 0, 9), Neuer Jungfernstieg 11,
R. 4-10, B. 11/2, dej. 3, D. ''5-8) 4-5 c^. — 0>^ tJie Binnen-Alster : *Kron-
PRiNZ (PL I, f ; 0, 10), Jungfernstieg 16, R. from 4, B. VU, dej. 21/2,
D. (5.30) 4-41/2 ^; *Streit's (PL I, b ; N, 10), Jungfernstieg 38 ; Jungfern-
stieg Hotel (PL I, x ; 0, 10), Jungfernstieg 24, R. from 4, B. 1, D. 2-4 J^.
— Xear the Binnen-Alster: Moser's (PL I, i; 0, 10), on the Kleine
Alster, opposite the Rathaus, R. from 3, B. I1/4, D. (2-7) 2-4, wcU
spoken of; Bartel's (PL I, v; N, 0, 10), Post-Str. 14, R. from 3, B. 1,
D. 13/4^; AuE (PL I, n; N, 9), Dammtor-Str. 29, R. & B. 3-4.^. — Near
the Central Railway Station: Savoy Hotel (PL I, q; P, 10), corner of
Stein-Tor-Platz and' Kirchen-Allee, R. 21/2-6, B. 1, D. 31/.^ J^; Schaden-
DORF (PL II, m; P, 10), (xrosse Allee 1, with cafe-restaurant; Hot. Graf
Moltke (PL II, r; P, 10), Steindamm 1, R. 2iA,-5, B. 1, D. 11/2-21/2.^, well
spoken of; St. Petersburg (PL I, d; P, 9), Holzdamm 57 ; Grossherzog
von Mecklenburg (PL I, z ; P, 10), Schweinemarkt 1, with restaurant. —
In the Altstadt : Borsen-Hotel (PL I, p ; N, 10), Monkedamm 7, R. 23/^-5,
D. 2-3 JC; Metropole (PL I, e; 0, 10), Schauenburger-Str. 49, with
good restaurant; Washington Hotel, Zeughaus-Markt 33 (PL I; M, 10);
English Hotel, Admiralitats-Str. 2 (PL I: N, 10), with good restaurant,
R. 3-5, B. 11/4, D. 3-4 JC. — Neai- the Sternschanze Station : Central Hotel
(PL II, Z; M, 9), Reutzel-Str. 68, R. 2i/.,-6, T>. 2i/.. JC. — In St. Pauli :
Wiezel's Hotel (PL II, o ; M, 10), on the harbour, R. from 3, D. 31/2 Ji,
well spoken of; Hammonia Hotel (PL II, t; M, 10), Reeperbahn 2, with
cafe; Holstentor (PL I, 1; N, 10), Holsten-Wall 1, R. 2i/2-5, D. 2 J^.
H6tels Garnis. Bellevue , cor. of Jungfernstieg & Ganse-Markt
(PL I; N, 0, 10), with cafe-restaurant, R. & B. from 41/2.^; Mahlmann,
Kirchen-AUee 33 (PL I; P, 10), R. from 2i/.,, B. 1 c^; Lengenfeldt,
Holzdamm 53 (PL I; P, 9), R. from 2, B. 3/4 JC.
Pensions. British Private Hotel, Yorsetzen 35 (PL I; N, 11), R.
from 2, D. (1 p.m.) 2, pens. 5-6 cS; Frdulein Winckel, Holzdamm 38
(PL I; P, 9), 4-8 J^: Franlein Zinnius, Rotenbanm Chausee 27 (PL II;
N, 8, 9), 7-10 .4: Frl. Bethge, Graumanns-Weg 1 (PL II: Q, 8, 9), 5-9 .S:
Kandler, Neuer jungfernstieg 7 ; Mnrnm, Holzdamm 44 (PI. I ; P, 9), 5-8 ^C
11(3 Bnute 1^. HAMBURCt. Practical
Restaurants. ^P/'oi'Jtc. at tlic Atlantic Hotel (p. 115); "^Ehmkt,
(rJiuse-Markt 50. D. (4-8 p.m.} 1-6 ^€ : "^Carlton. Xeucr Jimgfernstieg 3.
dej. 21 2- D. i-^-^) 4-5V-2 -^- '^RatsireinkeUer, at the Rathaus (p. 120), d^j!
2Vij. D- (2-7 p.m.) 4 .*; Kenn)inslcL Jungfernstieg 6: Zoological Garden
(p. 123). dej. 2V.2. D- from 3i o ^*- Franz Meyer, Zollenbriicke 5: Deutsches
Winzerlw.us. Jungfernstieg 24. D. from 2 Jt^. — Oysters. "^ Schumann,
Jungfernstieg 34; ^CoUn . Brodschrangen 1 (closed on Sun. in summer
after 2p.m.); Portermeyer. Charleti Xeale, Zirkus-Weg. — Wine Rooms.
Bahaus. Xess 4, frequented by stockbrokers : Sievers & Droge. opposite
the Central Railway Station : Continental Bodega Company, at the cor.
of the Plan and the Rathaus-Markt. — Beer. '^Siechen. Berg-Str. 29;
'■^Borsen-Keller. in the Exchange. D. (2-7/ 3 ^^: ^Dammtor Pavilion, to
the X. of the Esplanade Hotel, with garden. D. 3 JC: '^Lnnsmann, Plan 7 :
^Klosterburg. opp. the Central Railway Station; Borsenhof, opp. the Ex-
chans-e. D. (2-8) I'^joc^^: Milnchener Bilrgerbrdu. Stadthaus-Briicke 13, D.
(12-6) 1-11,2 .4(; Oebhard, Kleiue Backer-Str. 18. At St. Pauli: St. Pauli
Fdhrhaiis: above the steamboat-pier (PL II; M. 11). with view; Wiezel,
see p. 115 ; Kidmhacher Bierhans. Otto, Reeperbahn 31 & 7. — Automatic
RESTArRA>-Ts. Rathaus-Markt 8. Stein-Tor-Wall 6. Grosse Johannis-Str. 25.
— Schuharth's Vegetarian Bestaurant. Aister Arcades. Passage 8 (1st floor).
Caf^s. ^Alstcr Pavilion (PL I: 0, 10), Jungfernstieg, with view of
Binnen-Alster : ^Dammtor Cafe, next door to Dammtor Pavilion (see
above); Casino, cor. of the Xeuc Jungfernstieg and the Giinse-Markt ;
"^Cafe de V Opera. Gause-Markt 53 : Belvedere. Alsterdamm 40: Kloster-
bit.rg. see above; Alsterlu^t (PL I: 0. 9), with tine view of the Outer
Aister Basin {also restaurant). — Confectioner. Hiibner. Xeuer Wall 22 :
English Tea House. Aister Arcades (PL I ; 0. 10); WUm, Ferdinand-Str. 67.
' Pleasure Resorts. ^City Zoological Garden (p. 123). daily; '^Hagen-
beck's Zoological Garden [i^. 131); ^Uhlenhorst Ferry House (^. 129);
^Alstoiust (see above i: Konzerthaus Hamburg (PL I; M, 10), with
summer and winter gardens. Music at these. — Variety performances
at the Hansa Theatre. Steindamm 11 (PL II: P. 9. 10) and manv others
in St. Pauli. — Zirkus Busch 'PL II : M. 19), Zirkus-Weg. St. Pauli.
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL I. X^ 9 ; p. 122), Dammtor-Str. Prices
vary according to the character of the performance : best seats 3-7 JC.
second boxes, in the centre. 2-41., .^4!^. at the sides, li/.,-3i/2 t^. third boxes
1 .€ 15 to 2 .€ 30 pf. — Deutsches Schauspielhaus (PL I. P 10; p. 128),
Kirchen-Allee 38, first tier 3^-4^4 80 pf., parquet (stalls) 41.2 Ji, par-
terre (behind the stalls) 2^U-2^U,M. — Thalia Theatre (PL I, 0, 10; p. 122),
chiefly for comedy; first boxes or parquet (stalls) 2-i JC, reserved parterre
11/4-2172 JC. second boxes or amphitheatre 1-2 JC. These three theatres
are closed from June to the end of August. — Xeues Operetten-
Theater. Spielbuden-Platz. St. Pauli (PL II; L, M, 10), for spectacular
pieces; box 4. dress circle 2. parquet li 2-2 c4(. — Karl Schultze Theatre
(PL II: L. 10\ Reeperbahn 142. operettas, farces, and local pieces; prices
from 2 .4( to 4.* 50 pf. — Drucker's Theatre (PL II ; L, M, 10), St. Pauli,
local pieces. — Conxerts at the Xeue Mnsikhalle (see p. 123).
Baths. In the Aister: AUterlust (see above; 40 pf.). In the Elbe:
Steinwardcr (PL II ; M. 11). — Warm Baths. Gertig, (xrosse Bleichen 36;
Vt'iencr-Bad. Gn.-sse Theater-Str. 42, with swimming-basin.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL I; X, 9), Stephaus-Platz.
Taximeter Cabs. Fares: 1-2 pers. for 1200 metres 80 pf., each
400 metres more or for every 4 min. spent in waiting 10 pf. : 3-4 pers.
for 900 metres 80 pf.. each' 300 metres more 10 pf. If with luggage
weighing more than 33 lbs., or if outside the radius, or if driving at
night (11-7). for 600 metres 80 pf.. each 200 metres more 10 pf. A drive
round the city '(-Rundfahrt'i of 2i 2 hrs. from the Jungfernstieg via the
Uhlenhorst to tlie steamboat-piers at St. Pauli costs for 1 or 2 pers.
about 5 c^. — There are also Motor Cabs.
Electric Tram^ways. The main points of intersection are the
Bathaus-Markt PL I. 0 10: Xos. 1, 2. 6. 7. 11, 17-19, 22, 28). the
Notes. HAMBURa. i^- J^outc. \\1
Rodinqs-MarU (Fl. I, X 10; Nos. 1-7, 9, 12-16, 21-26, 31), the Main
Bmlivay Statio7i (PI. I. P 10; Nos. 1-9, l.S, 17-20, 22), and tlie St. PauH
Landunga-Brucke (PI. I, M 11 ; Nos. 7, 14, 22, 26). — 1. From Wandsbek
to Eppcudorf. — 2. From Wandsbck to Niendorf. — 8. From the Neuc
rfevdc-Markt (PI. II : M, 9) to Wandsbek. — 4. From FJlbeck to Altona. —
5. From Eilbeck to Hoheliift. — 6. From Eiinsbnttel to Ohlsdorf. —
7. From Barnibeck to Othmarschcn. — 8. From Barmbeck to Ottensen
(Altona). — 9. From Barmbeck to St. Pauli. — 10. From the Pferde-
Markt (PI. I; 0. 10) to Langenfelde and SteUingen (Hagcnbeek's). —
11. From the Rathaus-2Iarkt to Langenfelde. — 12. From Rotenburgsort
to Winterhude. — 13. From Borgfelde to Langenfelde. — 14. From t])e
Oster-Stras8e to the Suder-Strasse. — 15. From the Rodings-Markt to
Eimsbiittel. — 16. From the Rodings-Markt to Hoheluft. — 17. From
Hamm to Gross-Borstel. — 18. (Grosse Alster-Ring). From Winterhude,
by the TJhlenhorst, the Rathaus-Markt, and the Stephans-Platz, back
to Winterhude. — 19. (Kleiner Alster-Ring-). From the Do rotheen-Strasse
by Uhlenhorst and the Rathaus-3Iarkt, and back to Dorotheen-Strasse. —
20. From the Winterhuder Weg to Hoheluft. — 21. From the Watenvorks
to Mitteliceg. — 22. From Bahrenfeld to Borstelmatms-Wcg. — 23. From
Veddel to Mittelweg. — 24. From Eppendorf to Horn. — 25. From the Suder-
Strasse to Altona. — 26. Circular Line (Innere Ringbalm) from the Georgs-
Platz(V\. I: 0, 10), by the Stephan.s-Platz, St. Pauli Quai, and Steintor
(Main Rail. Station), back to the starting-point (in 40 min.). — 27. From
Schlump, by the Altona Station, to Ottensee. — 28. From the Rathaus-
Markt to Winterhude and Ohlsdorf. — 29. Circular Line from Altona
Station and back, by the Ratliaus-Markt and the Holsten-Strasse. — 30.
From Altona to Eimsbilttel. — 31. From the Rddings-3Ia7'kt to Bahrenfeld.
— 32. From Harburg Station to the Stader-Strasse. — 33. From Dornbusch
(PI. I; Y, 10) to Veddel and Harburg (IV4 hr.). — 34. From Harburg to
the Heimfelder-Strasse. — 35. From Ottensen via Altona to Borgfelde
(yellow cars). — 36 From ^//o»a to Blankenese (6 M., in 3/4 hr. : 25 pf.).
The Blankenese & Ohlsdorf Junction Kailway (' Verbhidungs-
bahn') is an electric line uniting Blankenese with (16 M.) Ohlsdorf and
calling at various points in Hamburg and Altona (comp. p. 115; fares
from the Hamburg Central Station to Altona 20 & 15, to Ohlsdorf 45 & 30,
to Blankenese 70 & 40 pf.).
Steamboats. — 1. On the Alster. Small screw-steamers, leaving
the Jungfernstieg (PI. II; 0, 10) every 5 min., touch at the Lomhards-
Brilcke (PI. II; 0, 9), and then at Raben-Strasse, Krugkoppel-BrUcke,
Frauental, and Eppendorf-Winterhude on the W. bank of the Aussen-
Alster. and at Gurlitt-Strasse, Lohmuhlen-Strasse (PI. II ; P, 9), Schicanen-
wik (PI. II, P 8; and up the Eilbek to the Essen -Str.), Walhalla
(PL II; P, 8), Aug list- Str as se (PL II; P, 8), Fdhrhaus and Bellevue at
Uhlenliorst, Sierich-Strasse, and Muhlenkamj) on the E. bank; fare 10 pf.
2. On the P2lbe. From St. Pauli Quay (PL II; M, 11) hourly to
Blankenese (p. 131; fare 40 pf.), via Altona Quay (PL II; K, L, 11),
NeumiiJilen (p. 131), Teufelsbrilcke (p. 131), and Nienstedten (p. 131). —
From St. Pauli Quay to BuxteJiude (p. 132), Cuxhaven (p. 132), Harburg
(p. 114), Heligoland (p. 132), Stade (p. 132), etc. — The Ferries across
the harbour (5 pf.) are marked on Plan II (p. 125).
3. Circular Trips in the Port. a. From the Hafentor (PL II; M, 11),
every 10 min. (white flag; 10 pf.), to Amerikahoft (PL II, 0 12; and
bark), via Kehriciederspitze (PL N, 11), Kaiserhoft (PL N, 11), Strand-
hoft (PL N, 11), Baakenhoft (PL 0, 11). Veddelhoft (PL P, 12), and
Krahnho ft (PI. 0, 12). — b. Ease's Round Trip (fare 31/2-^, with V2-I -^
extra for a visit to an ocean-steamer; tickets at tlie hotels). This com-
bined land and water excursion (4 hrs.) begins at 9 or 10 a.m. with a
drive round the Alster Basin, starting at the Alster Pavilion, and this
is followed by a steam-trip through the harbours. A halt of about V^ hr.
is made about 1 p.m. at the St, Pauli Ferry House (p. 118), and the ex-
cursion ends with a drive throuuii Altona and St. Pauli back to the Alster
lis Boutf IS. HAMBURG-. Practical Notes.
Pavilion. Similar trips arc made by A. Banciert, ScUg, and Hammonia.
— c. Trips round the harbour only* start from the St. Pauli Ferry House
(PI. I: M. 11) and proceed via the Baumwall (PI. X. 11) even,- hour from
9 to 6: fare ^o-l ,.d, time IV o hr.. or with visit to an ocean-steamer
1^., t4(. in 2-2\.2hrs. — The headquarters of the Hamburg-America Line
(see p. 121' are at Alster-Damm 25 (PI. I: 0. 10). The express-steamers
start at Cuxhaven (p. 1.32).
Small Boats (JoUej. On the Alster. pair-oar boat. 2-4 pers. 10-60 pf.
per hr.. six-oared boat. 1-6 per.s. 1 c^ 50 pf. for the first hr., 1 c4^ for
each addit. hr. (incl. boatman). — On the Elbe, 1 pers.. 40 pf. per 1/2 hr.,
every ^ 4 lir. more 20 pf. (bargain desirable).
Consuls. British. Sir W. Ward (Consul General). SehaartorO; vice-
consuls. F.A. Oliver and W. R. K. Gandelt. — American. Bobt. P. Skinner
(Consul General . Adolphs-Platz 6: vice-consul. E. H. L. Mummenhoff.
Lloyd's Agent, C. Eivald. — Tourisffi' Information Bureau, Alster-
damm 39 PI. I: 0. 10;; Thos. Cook d- Son, Alsterdamm 39; United
States E.rprr^s Company. Ferdinand-Str. 68.
English Church. (PI. II: M. 10). Zeughaus-Markt. near the Millern-
Tor: chaplain. Rev. C. Gerant. 31. A.. Erlenkamp ; services at 11a.m. and
6.30 p.m. : H. C. on alternate Sun. after matins. — Congregational Church,
Johannisbollwerk. opposite the harbour; services at 11a.m. and 6p.m.
Principal Collections, etc.
-.4/-^ Exhibitions. — Louis Bock a- Son, Grosse Bleichen 34, week-days 9-8,
Sun. & holidays 10-2 (winter 10-4): IJ^. — Commeter, cor. of Hcrmanu-
Str. and Berff-Str.. week-davs 10-5! Sun. & holidays 11-3: IJC. — Hulbe.
Linden-Str. 43. week-days 8-6. Sun. 10-2 (winter'lO-4) : 50 pf. — Kunst-
rcrein. Xeue "Wall 14. ' v.-eek-days 9-5 (50 pf.). Sun. & holidays 10-2
(25 pf.). — See also GaJerie Weber. Glitzka Gallery, and Kunsthalle.
Botanic Garden (p. 123). daily in summer from 6a.m. till dusk; gratis.
City Library (p. 122). Beading Room on week-days 10-4 & 7-9.
Comniercieil Library (p. 121). week-days 10-4.
G^alerie Weber (p. 127). on application daily, except Tues. & Sat., 10-1.
Glitzka Gallery (p. 129;, on application the previous day to Adolf Glitzka,
Alsterdamm 16 (preferably between 3 & 5 p.m.).
Hagenbeck's Collection of Animals (p. 131), daily, 8 till dusk; 50 pf..
on AVed. 1 ^^. . '
Kunsthalle (p. 126), daily 10-5 (winter 10-4. Mon. 1-4); gi-atis.
Meteorological Station (p. 124), Tues. & Frid., 11-2; ascent of the tower
on week-days, 9-3.
Museum. Altona Municipal (p. 130), daily, except Mon., 10-5 (winter
10-4); gratis.
Museum, Botanic (p. 123), daily 11-3. Sun. 10-4; gratis.
Museum of Hamburg Antiquities (p. 122), daily 10-4; gratis. On Tues.
visitors must apply to the custodian (ring).
Museum of Industrial Art (p. 128), daily, except Mon., 10-5 (Xov.-Feb.
10-4); gratis.
MurSeunC Geological (p. 129). daily, except Mon., 11-4; gi-atis.
Museum of Xaiural History (p. 128), daily, except Mon., 11-4, Sun. &
holidavs 10-5 (winter 10-4); gratis.
BathoHS (p. 120), week-days 11-6 (50 pf.). Sun. 11-3 (20 pf.).
Zoological Garden ('p. 123), daily till dusk 1 ^€ , on Sun. in summer
alternately 30 and 50 pf.
Chief Attractions. 1st Day. Jungfernstieg (p. 120); drive on tlie
electric circular line (Xo. 26. p. 117); trip round the town and harbours
(see p. 117): Church of St.' Nicholas (p. 121): Botanical or Zoological
Garden (p. 123). — 2nd Day. Museums (pp. 126-128): Exchange (p. 121);
Rathaus (p. 120); steamer 'to Uhlenhorst Ferry House (p. 129); steamer
to Blankenese (p. 131; between 6& 7 p.m.). — 3rd Day. Bismarck Mon-
ument (p. 123); via St. Pauli (p. 124) to Altona (Museum, p. 130): Hagen-
beck's Zoo (p. 131). — The excur^!iou to I.uneburgfp, 113) is very attractive.
History. HAMBURG. l^- ^oiUc. 119
Hamburg^ with 855,000 inhab., is the second city of Germany
and the largest of the three free Hanseatic towns of the German
Empire, while next to London, Liverpool, and New York, it is the
most important commercial place in the world. It is advantageously
situated on the broad lower Elbe, in which the tide rises twice daily
so as to admit of the entrance of vessels of 28 ft. draught, and is
also connected by railways with every part of Europe. The town
consists of iho Altstadt nm\ Neustadt , the former suburb ot St.
George (N.E.), and the suburb oi St. Pauli(W.), together with six-
teen adjacent villages, now incorporated in the municipal limits. Be-
sides the Elbe, there are two small rivers at Hamburg called the
Alster and the Bille. The former, flowing from the N., forms a
large basin outside the tow^n, and a smaller one within it, called the
Aiissen- Alster (p. 129) and Biniien- Alster (p. 120) respectively, and
then intersects the town in two main branches. The Bille comes
from the E. Both are finally discharged through locks into the ca-
nals (Flete) which flow through the lower part of the town.
Nothing certain is known of the origin of Hamburg, but as early as
811 (?) Cfiarlemaqne founded a castle here, to which was soon added a
church, presided over ])y a bishop. The Counts of Holstein, within
whose jurisdiction Hamburg was situated, became great benefactors of
the town, and procured for it many privileges and immunities whicli
■formed the foundation of its subsequent independence. Hamburg joined
the Hanseatic League (p. 146), at an early period, and played a prominent
part in its contest with the Danish kings in the 13th and 14th centuries.
Tlie discovery of America and of tlie sea-route to India was not without
effect in stimulating the trade of Hamburg. In 1529 the citizens adopted
the reformed faith. Hamburg fortunately remained unaffected by the
Thirty Years' War, chiefly owing to the powerful fortifications constructed
at the beginning of that struggle, and now converted into promenades.
Dissensions, however, which frequently arose between the Council and
the citizens, proved very detrimental to the welfare of the city. Towards
the middle of the 18th century her prosperity began to return, chiefly owing
to the establishment of that direct communication with America, which
to this day forms the mainspring of her commercial importance; but
at the beginning of the 19th century the citizens were doomed to an
overwhelming reverse. In 1810 Hamburg was annexed to the Frencli
Empire, and the citizens having in 1813 attempted to rebel against the
foreign yoke, Davout wreaked his vengeance on them with unexampled
barbarity (p. 123). During those years of disaster, from 1806 to 1814,
the direct loss sustained by the city is estimated at 300 million marks.
After the Peace of Vienna Hamburg rapidly increased in extent, and
notwithstanding the appalling fire which raged from 5th to 8th May, 1842,
and destroyed nearly a quarter of the city, she has never ceased to prosper
since she regained her independence. The most important event of her
recent history has been her accession to the German Customs' Union (Zoll-
verein) in 1888. — The government of Hamburg is in the hands of a
Senate of 18 members (elected for life by the 'Burgerschaft' and itself)
and the Burgerschaft or City Council, consisting of 160 members elected
for six years. The Senate elects yearly two burgomasters from among
its own members.
Down to the beginning of the 19th century Hamburg enjoyed no in-
considerable reputation in the literary world. In 1678 the 'first theatre
in Germany for operas was founded here; in llCu Lesslng visited Ham-
burg with a view to assist iu the foundation of a national theatre: and
120 Isolde IS. HAMBUKG. Binncn-AUter.
Klopstock resided in the Kiinig-Strasse (Xo. 52) here from 1774 to 1803.
Soienee. also, has by no means been neglected: and the various scientific
institutions, some of which are mentioned in the following pages {c. g.
pp. 124. 128. 131}. are not unworthy of the city's size and wealth.
The history of the city, together with the enterprising character
of its inhabitants, and partly, likewise, the fire of 1842 (p. 119), suf-
ficiently account for the almost entire disappearance of all relics of
the past, and for its thoroughly modern aspect. In a few streets, how-
ever, such as the Eeichen-Str. (PI. I; 0, lOi, the Katharinen-Str.
(PL I; X, 0, 11), the Grimm (PI. I; 0, 10), and the Groninger-Strasse
(PI. I; 0, 10), there are still many handsome residences of Ham-
burg merchants of the 17th and 18th centuries. The only mediaeval
churches are those of St. Catharine and St. James ('p. 122).
a. Bixxen-Alstek. Axtstadt. Xeustadt. Promenades. St. Pauli.
Electric Tramways to St. Pauli. Xos. 8, 9. 35 (p. 117).
The *Biimen-Alster, usually called the AIster-Bassin iPl. I,
0 10; comp. p. 119 . and its environs, are perhaps Hamburg's great-
est attraction. This sheet of water, of an irregular quadrilateral
form, upwards of 1 M. in circumference, is bounded on three sides
by quays planted with trees and flanked with palatial hotels, bus-
iness edifices, and private dwellings, named respectively the Jung-
fernstieg, the Xeue Jungfernstieg. and the Alsterdamm, while the
fourth side (X. > towards the Aussen-Alster is laid out in promenades
connected by means of the Lombards -Brucke. The surface of the
Avater is enlivened with small screw-steamers (p. 117), rowing-boats,
and groups of swans. — The Juxc4ferxstieg (150 ft. widej is the
scene of the busiest traffic and the centre of the fashionable life of
Hamburg (Alster- Pavilion, see p. 116). — On the Alsterdamm
(Xo. 25) is the Office of the Hamburg- America Line (PL I, 0 10;
comp. p. 124). In the promenades to the X. rises a bronze Statue
of Schiller (PL I: 0, 9i by Lippelt. erected in 1866. Kunsthalle,
see p. 126. — The Lombards -Brlxke (PL I; 0, 9; commands an
admirable view of the expansive Aussen-Alster to the X., with its
banks studded with villas, and the Binnen- Alster to the S., with the
towers of the city in the background.
Altstadt (Liner T&wnj. From the Jungfernstieg we may pro-
ceed via the Alster Arcades or the Keesendamm to the Rathaus-
Marl't (PL I; 0, 10), one of the chief intersecting points of the
electric tramways (p. 116). Here stands an ^Equestrian Statue of
Emp. William /.. by Schilling, with allegorical groups and reliefs
(1903'. — On the W. side of the square rises the —
"Rathaus 'PL I: 0. 10', an imposing edifice in the German
Kenaissance style, erected in 1886-97 from designs by nine different
architects (adiii.. see p. 118;. The exterior is richly adorned with
sculptures. On the facade are bronze statues of 20 German empe-
9 7/ Qfl^JeJdfeU^ssv / .^,
Filler
N Bot^ai\is(lxPi b-aiten
1 Lajtundtor
Pw/tOan
Av S/k>iij^ALST \<: n
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^i?r -- T^^ i •'---sT'-^ Uv; b i T^! ^^ i: n al/s t e r
T)eutsi„_,
• Israel- s
igoge to
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l,su...
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Krrlwmir. HAMBURG. i^- ^^o"^^- 121
rors, and above it are bronze figures of the patron-saints of the live
old city parishes and two monasteries. Above the windows of the
main floor are figures representing crafts and industries and the
arms of Hanseatic towns. The tower, 370 ft. high, is surmounted
by the German eagle. Over the portal are four figures emblematical
of tlie civic virtues. The court -facade is adorned with statues of
SS. Paul and George (for the suburbs) and others of benefactors of the
city. The beautiful 'Brautpforte' (bridal door) leads to the room for
civil marriages. In the centre of the court is a fountain, by Kramer.
Interior. The main entrance gives on the so-called Rathaiisdiele ,
the roof of which is supported by 16 massive sandstone columns. Stair-
cases lead hence to the Basement Story, containing part of the municipal
archives; to the Mezzanin Floor, with the financial department; to the
Ratsweinkeller (sec below); and to the Main Floor. The principal rooms
on the last include the Great Hall (135 ft. long, 60 ft. wide, and 50 ft.
liigh ; with painting by H. Vogel) , the rooms of the Senate and City
Council (see p. 119), the Kaisersaal (with paintings by A. Fitger), the
Burgomaster'' s Room (with painting by H. Vogel), the Orphans^ Room
(witii 15 landscapes), and the Phoenix Room (with a large painting by
Magnussen).
The vaults of the central building form the *Ratsweinkeller (p. 116;
cntr. from the Grosse Johannis-Str.). Passing a stone figure of Bacchus
(1770), we enter the Vestibule, gaily decorated with stained-glass figures
of naval heroes of Hamburg. The galleries at the sides lead to the
Remter (S.) and the Rosenkranz, both adorned with mural paintings by
Fitger and Duyffcke. Beyond the vestibule is the Tavern proper, wutli
paintings by Jordan; and eight steps descend hence to the ^ Grundstein-
keUer\ with the foundation stone of the building.
On the S. the Rathaus is adjoined by the *Exehange, or Borse
(PI. I; 0, 10), the great focus of Hamburg's business-life, erected in
1836-42 and since repeatedly enlarged. The S.E. wing has been
torn down owing to the construction of the underground railway.
The groups surmounting the central part are by Kiss. In the three
main rooms on the groundfloor 7000 brokers, merchants, and ship-
owners congregate daily between 1.30 and 2 p.m. (the public are
admitted to the gallery ; the best time is between 1.30 and 1.45 p.m. ;
on Sat. 1/2 hr. earlier). On the first floor is the Bdrsenhalley a read-
ing-room well supplied with newspapers (member's introduction
necessary). The Commercial Lihrary, belonging to the Exchange,
contains about 110,000 vols, and is temporarily installed at Dom-
8tr. 6 (adm., see p. 118).
To the 8.E. of the Adolphs-Platz are the hnperial Bank and
the premises of the 'Fafriotische GesellschafV (PL I; 0, 10), or
Patriotic Club, founded by Reimarus and others in 1765. The build-
ing, erected in a Gothic style in 1845-47 and rebuilt in 1898, con-
tains the meeting -rooms of various artistic and learned societies.
The Trwst-Briicl'e, on which are statues of Count Adolph III.
of Schauenburg and of Ansgar, the first Bishop of Hamburg (both
by Pfeiffer), leads direct to the *Church of St. Nicholas (PI. I,
0 10; open daily in summer 2-3 p.m., gratis; at other times on
122 Jiotdc 18. HAMBURG. St. Peter's Church.
application to tiie sacristan. Bohnen-Str. 12, Isttioor: l-2pers. 50pl'..
3 or more 20 pf. each: tower, 1-8 pers. 2V/2 t^), erected after the
fire of 1842 by Sir Gilbert Scott in the rich Grothic style of the
13th century. The W. tower '1874i, 485 ft. in height, is one of 'the
highest buildings in Europe. In the rich sculpture of the exterior
and interior it was intended to perpetuate the memory of the chief
propagators of Christianity. Fine stained-glass windows, organ, and
chimes i Wed. & Sun. 1-1.30. Frid. 8.30-9 1. The beautiful intarsia-
work of the sacristy-door, by Plarnheck ^863. deserves notice.
St. Catharine's Church^Pl. I; 0, 11), to the S.E. of 8t.Xicho-
las, on the opposite side of the broad canal, founded in the 13th cent.,
though the present edifice dates only from the 17th. was spared by
the fire of 1842. It contains some old German paintings, Renaissance
tombstones, a marble pulpit of 1633 (apply at the church-office.
Katharinen-Kirchhof 30 >. — A little to the E. iZippelhaus 18; is the
XohelshofWl. I: 0, 10), the seat of the dynamite factory estab-
lished by Alfred Xobel (d. 1896 1. the founder of the'Xobel Prizes'.
From the Exchange the Schauenburger-Str. (Xo. 59, with med-
allions of Heine and his publisher Campe) leads to the E. to the
Johanneum PI. I: 0. 10 •, a college founded in 1529 by Johann
Ba<^enhagen, the Hamburg reformer 'monument in the court, by
Peifi'er '. The present building dates from 1834.
The S. wing contains the City Library, consisting of about 365,000
vols, and 7000 MSS. (adm.. see p. 118). — On the groimdfloor (entr. from
the Fish Market) is the JIuseum of Hamburg Antiquities (adm., see p. 118 :
catalogue 40 pf.). where among other curiosities in preserved an old
tombstone (1516.; representing an ass blowing the bagpipe , with the
quaint incriptiou. -De Werlt heft sik ummekert. darumme so hebbe ick
. arme esel pipen ghelert'.
A little to the S. of the Johanneum, in the Fish Market, is the
Kaiser-Karl-Bruiri(er( 1890). — To the X.W. of the Johanneum
rises St. Peter's Church (Pi. I; 0, 10), burned down in 1842,
and re-erected in the Gothic style of the 14th cent, (sacristan, Paul-
Str. 61 The chief objects of interest are the rings on the main door
(1342 1 : the canopy over the pulpit '14th cent, i: the granite columns
from the old cathedral /taken down in 1806!.- and, to the left in the
chancel, a fine relief, representing the Entombment, bv H. Schubert.
Xear the Alster-Tor is the Thalia Theatre (PL I,* 0 10; p. 116 -.
a Renaissance edifice erected in 1842. — To the E. of the Johan-
neum is the Church of St. James <P1. I: 0, 10), mentioned as early
as 1235 and enlarcredin 1498-1507. The W. tower was added in 1827.
Xeustadt (Xeiv Townj. In the Dammtor-Str., to the AV. of
the Binnen-Alster, is the Stadt-Theater (PI. I, X 9; p. 116), with
2500 seats. — In the Ganse-Markt, to the 8., is a Statue ofLessi/u/
(PL I, X 10: comp. p. 119), by Schaper (I88li: on the pedestal are
medallions of Ekhof, the actor, and Reimarus, the scholar. — Op-
posite the Stadthaus (PL I, X 10: now occupied by the police-
Zoological Garden. HAMBURG. 1^- Uoute. 123
autliorities), in the Neue Wall, is a bronze statue of Burgomaster
Petersen (cl. 1892), by Tilgner (1898), - - The large *Church of
St. Michael (PL I; N, 10), erected in 1751-62, was burned down
in 1906 and re-erected on the old lines. The boldly-constructed in-
terior, which is destitute of pillars, can contain 3000 persons. The
tower is 426 ft. in height.
The W. side of the Neustadt is l)Ounded by the Wall-Anlagen,
or public promenades laid out on the old fortifications and extend-
ing from the Lombards-Briicke (p. 120) to the Harbour. A little to
the N.W. of the Lombards-Briicke is an obelisk, erected in memory
of J. G. Bilseh (d. 1800), the political economist. A little farther
on, at the l)eginning of the Esplanade (PL I; N, 0, 9), rises a bronze
Monument to the Hamburgers who fell in the war of 1870-71,
designed by Schilling. — To the W., in the Stephans-Platz, is the
handsome Post Office (PL I; N, 9), a large Renaissance building
with a lofty tower.
To the W. of the Dammtor lies the attractive Botanical
Garden (PL II, N 9; adm., see p. 118), which is especially rich in
water-plants. In the Jungius-Str., at the N.W. corner of the garden,
is the Botanical Museum (adm., see p. 118). — A little farther on
(reached from the Rathaus-Markt in 7 min. by electric tramways
isTos. 1 & 2) is the *Zoological Garden (PL 11, N 9; plan 10 pf.;
'guide' 30 pf. ; Restaurant)^ one of the most extensive and best or-
ganized in G-ermany (adm., see p. 118). The most interesting points
are the elephant-house, the dens of the beasts of prey (feeding-hour
7 p.m.), the Eulenburg, the sea-lions' grotto (feeding-time 6.30 p.m.),
the bears' den (feeding-time 5.30 p.m.), the aviary, and the aquarium
(adm. 40, on Sun. 15 or 20 pf.).
The old Cemeteries, now laid out as gardens, adjoin the Zoolog-
ical Garden on the S.W. On the N. side, opposite the Petri-Kirch-
hof, is a sarcophagus commemorating the fate of 1138 citizens of
Hamburg, 'who, having been banished by Marshal Davoiit, together
with many thousands of their fellow -citizens during the severe
winter of 1813-14, fell victims to grief, starvation, and disease'. —
Outside the Holsten-Tor are the Criminal Courts (PL I; N, 9), the
Civil Courts (PL I; M, 9), the Supreme Trihunal (PL I; M, 9) of
the Hanseatic towns, and the Neue Musikhalle (PL I; N, 9), com-
pleted in 1908, in the lobby of which is a statue of Brahms by
Klinger (visitors admitted 10-1; fee 30 pf., free on Tues.; tickets
from the castellan, at the back).
On the Miihlberg rises the striking ^Monument of Prince
Bismarck (PL I; M, 10), by Lederer and Schaudt (1906), with
an enormous figure of the Chancellor on a pedestal adorned w4th
reliefs. — The Kei^sten Miles Bridge, spanning the Helgolander
Allee in an arch of 120 ft., is embellished with statues of Kersten
Miles (d. 1420) and three other naval heroes of Hamburg. -— The
124 P^O'Atc IS. HAMBURCI. Harbovr.
terrace iu I'rout of the Deutsche Seewarte !pl. I: M, 10) or Met-
eorological Station of the German Admiralty (adm., see p. 118) com-
mands one of the finest views near the harbour, embracing the Elbe,
with its numerous islands, forest of masts, and gaily-coloured flags,
and St. Pauli and Altona. On a height to the AV. rises the Sailors
Home PL I: X. 10', for unemployed mariners.
St. Pauli /restaurants, see p. 116t. the suburb contiguous to
Hamburg on the AY., is principally frequented by sailors. In the
Spielbuden-Platz (PI. II: L, M. 10' are numbers of music-halls. —
Below the Sailors* Home is the landing-place (PL II: ]\f. 11 1 of the
steamboats to Cuxhaven and the sea-bathing resorts of the German
Ocean. Close by is the entrance to the tunnel (in construction) run-
ning beneath the Elbe to the Steinwarder. — At the St. Pauli Fish
Jfarl'et large fish-auctions take place daily between 6 and 8 a.m.
b. The Harbour.
Electric Tramways {p. 117): from the Rathaus-Markt PL II: 0. 10)
to (1/4 hr.) St. Pauli Quaij (PL II ; M, 11). Xos, 7 & 22 (10 pf.): to tho
(20 mill.) Watertrorks. Xo. 21 (starting from the Bor.sen-Briirke : 15 pf.
and Xo. 12.
The *Harbour, where numerous vessels from all quarters of
the globe generally lie, presents a busy and picturesque scene. The
(}uays stretch along both banks of the Xorder-Elbe from Altona to
the Elbe bridge (p. 125j, a distance of 5 M., and accommodate up-
wards of 450 sea-going vessels, about 1400 from the upper Elbe,
and 5000 barges and smaller river-craft. The greater part of the
port forms a Free Harbour or Bonded Warehouse District (Frei-
hafen-Gehief ). M-hich comprises 1*250 acres of land and 1260 acres
of water, and is bounded by floating palisades in the Elbe and by the
Zoll-Kanal on the side of the city. The original cost of the har-
bour-works executed in 1883-88 was 133 million marks, and they
have since been greatly extended. The Freihafen-Gcbiet is ap-
proached by the Brools-Brik-l'e (PL II, X 11 : adorned with statues
of Germania and Hammoniai, the Kornhavs-BrUcle (PL I, 0 11:
figures of Yasco da Gama, Columbus. Magellan, and Cooki, and sev-
eral other bridofes. Xothiner liable to dutv should be taken inside
the Free Harboui' limits.
Statistics. In 1906 the port of Hamburg was entered by 15,77 7 vessels,
iif an aggi-egate burden of 11.039.069 tons, including 10,5*45 steamers and
5232 sailing-vessels. From the Upper Elbe arrived 22.606 river-craft of
7,934.746 tons burden. The total value of the imports in 1906 amounted
to 5340 million marks, that of the exports to 4795 millions. The chief
articles of commerce are coffee, sugar, iron, grain, wool and woollen
goods, cotton and cotton goods, machinery, saltpetre, and hides. The
number of emigrants who embarked here in 1906 was ilS.lOO. of whom,
however, only 8800 were Germans. At the beginning of 1908 the com-
mercial fleet of Hamburg consisted of 676 steamboats and 485 sailing-
vessels of 1.518.197 aggregate tonnage. In 1909 the Hamburg-America
Lino alone possessed 164 or-ean-stoamfrs of 870..')(>0 touK register, besides
<J
P5
ujig
.'««iil^9l
Harbour. ilAMlUIRG. i^- RotUc, 125
215 smaller vessels. The English trade with the uorth of Europe is
chiefly carried on via Hamburg.
The best view of the port is obtained in the course of one of the
circular trips (see p. 117; comp. Plan II). To the left beyond the
customs-boundary is the Sandtor-Hafen, 1100 yds. in length and
100-140 yds. in width, bounded by the Sandtoi^ - Qiiai and the
Kffdser- Quai, where Mediterranean, British, and Dutch steamers
lie, and also some emigrant vessels. At the AV. end of the Kaiser-
Quai is a huge Government Granary. To the S. is the Grasbkook-
Hafen, with the Dalmann-Quai and the Huhenei'-Quai, for the
Atlantic liners and French and Swedish steamers. By the Strand-
Quaij the outer wharf, lie the Norwegian tourist-steamers. P'arther
on are Passenger Waiting liooins (Hamburg-America Line). Beyond
the Gas Works and the Magdeburger Hafen, both to the left,
opens the Baakex-Hafen, between the Versmann- Quai and the
Petersen- Quai^ used by Atlantic liners. At the Petersen-Quvai lie
the steamers of the German Levant Line, the German E. Africa
Line, and the Woermann Line (for W. Africa). — Our steamer now
proceeds up the Elbe, passing the Kir chenpauer- Quai (for smaller
ships), to the large railway-bridge (see below), which marks the E.
end of the free port, and then descends by the S. bank. Passing the
Moldat^-Hafex (river-craft) at the Veddelhoft, and a lofty Steam
Crane with a lifting-power of 150 tons, we reach the Asia Quai
(N.) and America Quai (S.), between which lies the Segelsohiff-
Hafen (1320 yds. long and 150-300 yds. wide), in which lie the
large vessels of the Laeisz and Union Lines. In the Haxsa-Hafen
lie the steamers of the South American Line (starting from the
0\Swald Quai) and of the Sloman Line. The India-Hafex is used
])y the Cosmos and German-Australian Lines. Next follow the Petro-
leum-Haf en and a series of Wet and X>r^/ Docks, Shipbuilding
Yards (Blohm & Voss, PL II, L 11), etc. The enormous Kuh-
warder-Hafen, Kaiser-AVilhelm-Hafex, and Ellerholz-Hafex
complete the series. The last two of these are leased by the Ihun-
hurg- America Line, the largest steamship company in the world
(comp. p. 124), any of the steamers of which maybe visited between
9 and 4 (tickets, 50 pf., obtained on the quay). Ferries ply to these
docks every 10 niin. from the St. Pauli Fischmarkt fPl. 11; L, 11)
and the Kehrwiederspitze (PL II; N, 11). On the 8. side of the
Ellerholz Dock is the wharf of the Vulcan Shipbuilding Works
(ocean steamers).
An interesting walk may also be taken by the Brooks-Briicke
(p. 124) to the Sandtor-Quai (see above) with its huge granaries.
To the E. of the Baaken-Hafen is the Iro7i Raihmy Bridge (PL II,
0 12), erected iu 1868-73 and widened in 1891. About 250 yds. farther
u|) is an iron Bridge (completed in 1888) for carriages and foot-pass-
cng-ers. Still farther to the E. are the Municipal Waterworks, at
h'otenhttrgs'Ort (PI. II. R. 12: =>=Vie\v from the tower). The extensive
126 ^'^?'^^ ^'^- HAMBURG. Knmthalle.
filter-beds, begun in 1893. lie on the island of KcdMiofe in the Elbe,
and the settling-basin, with which they are connected, on the Billicdrder
Island, a little farther up. — In Wilhelnisburg are the huge Emigrant
Shcd^s {V\.l\\ P, 18) of the Hamburg-America Line, with accommodation
for I-.tOOO persons.
c. Museums. St. George. Horx.
Oil the Alsterliohe, to the E. of the Biiuien-Alstcr ('p. 120), rises
the *Kuiisthalle {V\. I; 0, 9), erected in 1867-69 in the early-
Italian Renaissance style and enlarged in 1886. Adni., see p. 118.
Catalogue of the paintings 80 pf. The pictures bear names, but no
numbers. Director. Dr. Lichficarl'.
Besides a cabinet of engravings . the Kunsthalle contains about
1000 paintings, including an interesting collection of works by Hamburg
masters of the 14-18th centuries. The Schwabe Collection, presented by
the Hamburg merchant G. C. Schwabe (d. 1897). who lived in London,
consists mainly of pictures by modern British masters and is in this
respect unique on the Continent.
Ground Floor. To the right is a room for periodical exhibitions. —
In the Cabinet of Exr^RAvixos the German and Italian engravers of the
15-16th cent, are especially well represented. Xumerous drawings. Etchings
and lithographs by modern masters.
To the left of the entrance is a *Collectiox illustrating the
History of Paixtixg ix Hamburg (14-18th cent.). Room II. On the left:
Meisfer Bertram (flourished at Hamburg. 1367-1415), Life of tljc Virgin:
M. Scheits. Last Supper, Wine. Woman, and Song; Van der Smissen,
Portrait of himself; Fr. Franclce, Crucifixion (1563).
Room I. ^Meister Bertram. Parts of an altar-piece from Havesto-
hude (1. and r.}; Altar of the Virgin from Buxtehude (in the middle;
ca. 1390); four scenes from the high-altar of St. Peter's at Hamburg (left
wall : 1379) ; other parts of the same altar, a masterpiece of the German
painting and sculpture of its period (right wall).
Room III. To the right: 6Wjfif.s-. Baptism 'of Christ; F. W. Tamm,
Still-life; Van der Smissen. The poet Hagedorn; Denncr, Groger, Tiscli-
bein. Portraits; Scheits, Bird's nest.
Room V. To the left: Meister Francke (early 15th cent.). Five scenes
from the Passion; above. D. Kindt, Portrait of himself (1604); Kneller.
Portrait. To the right: Meister Francke. *St. Thomas a Becket, *£ccc
Homo (one of the most important German works of its date), ^Adoration
of the Magi: above. Kindt. Portrait. — The Colonnaded Room, Room XIII,
and Cabinets VI-XII contain the —
Collection of Old Masters. — Cab. VI: S. van Euysdael, River-
scene; Bembrandt. Portrait of Maurits Huyghens. — Cab. VII: Terburg.
Portrait. — Cab. VIII: P. de Hoogh. Love's messenger; Brekelenkam,
The letter. — Cab. IX: Jan .SYo^/z, Merry peasants. — Cab. X: J. van
Euysdael. Landscape: B. van der Heist. 'Vortr-Ait: Jan Steen, Forbidden
sweets. — Cab. XI: Kalf. Still-life. — Cab. XII: Weenix, Still-life.
Room XIII. To the right: Goyen. Winter-scene; Frans Hals, Man
with herring-barrel; A. van Everdingen. Landscape; Ph. de Champaigne,
Madonna enthroned on clouds handing the crown and sceptre to Louis XIV.
The Staircase is adorned with mural paintings bv Val. Euths and
A. Fitger.
The First Floor contains the Modern Paintings. The most notable
works in the three large rooms XXVIII-XXX are the following (named
here in alphabetical order on account of the numerous changes): A. Achen-
bach. Mill in Westphalia. Landscape; 0. Achenbach, Italian convent-
garden : G. von Bochmann. Peasants of Esthonia going home ; A. Bocklin,
Fire-worshippers. Portrait of liimself, Penitent Magdalen. Young man ..
Jos. von Brandt, Gay quarters (scene during the Polish war); A. Burger^
Galerie Weber. HAMBURGr. ^«. Rente. 127
Judengasse at Frankfort; A. Calame, Handeck Waterfall; W. Camp-
hausen, Battle of Naceby ; Fr. Defregger, Poachers in a chalet; W. Diez,
Stragglers in the Thirty Years' War; A. Eheiie, The bailiffs; A. Feuer-
bach, Judgement of Paris; K. 0. Friedrich, Winter-scenes; E. von Geb-
hardt, Crucifixion, Convent scholars ; H. Gude, Landscape ; F. K. Haus-
'}nann, Galileo; A. Helsted, Sitting of town - council ; H. Kauffmann,
"Village politicians; M. KUngei', Landscapes; L. Knaus, Toper; W. von
Kobell, Forest -path, On the ramparts; Ch?-. Kroner, Rutting ground;
W. Leibl, Peasant women, Portrait; F. Le?ibach, Prince Bismarck, Emp.
William I., Count Moltke; C. F. Lessing, Landscape; M. Lieberniann,
Net-makers, Dutch village-scene; H. Malcart, Charles V. entering Ant-
werp; G. Max, The nun. The child - murderess ; Meissonier, Cavalier
resting; A. MeJbye, Ocean solitude; A. Menzel, Portrait, Burial of the
victims of 1848 at Berlin (unfinished), Frederick the Great surprising the
Austrian officers at Lissa (p. 374); P. 3Teye7'heim, Charcoal-burners in the
mountains; F. Millet, Flowers; Morten Milller, Norwegian pine-forest;
L. Munthe, Winter-landscape ; C. Oesterley, Norwegian landscape ; W. Rief-
stahl, Cloisters at Brixen ; C. Rodeck, Port of Hamburg; K. Rottmann,
Near Corinth; Segantini, Grief consoled by faith; H. Thoma, Sabbath-
peace, Landscape; C. Trc/on, Cattle; F. von XJhde, The nursery;
B. Vautier, Toasting the bride. Return of the Prodigal Son ; H. Vogel,
Luther preaching at the Wartburg; A. von Werner, Moltke at Ver-
sailles. — The five rooms on the S. (XIV-XVIII) are occupied by the —
*ScHWABE Collection (Britisli masters ; p. 126). — Room XIY : G. D.
Leslie, Nausicaa; H. W. B. Davis, Scottish cattle; W. Q. Orchardson,
Voltaire and Sully; J. Phillip, In Seville; Lord Leighton, Italian girl;
P. H. Calderon, Herr and Frau Schwabe ; J. Pettie, Edward VI. signing his
first death -w^arrant; Rauch, Goethe (bronze statuette). — Room "XV:
H. Woods, Doge's Palace; G. Todd, Spring; W. Milller, Landscape;
G. Schadoiv, Bronzes. — Room XVI: H. W. B. Davis, Mares and foals;
Coli7i Hunter, Shell - gatherers ; E. Gill, Rapids on the St. Lawrence;
Gaul, Eagle (bronze). — Room XVII: B. Riviere, The last spoonful;
6r. A. Storey, Old soldier; J. E. Millais, Child dancing; P. IL Calderon,
With the stream ; J. 31. W. Tuimer, On the Loire ; W. Dyce, Jacob and
Rachel. — Room XVIII: J. C. Hook, Seaweed-gatherer; H. T. Wells, The
friends at Yewden (portraits of the painters Leslie, Storey, Hodgson,
Yeames, Calderon, and Wells, and of G. C. Schwabe) ; R. P. Boningto7i,
Sea-piece; Sir A. W. Callcott, River-scene; Luke Fildes, Italian flower-
girl ; E. Ansdell, Interrupted meal.
Rooms XIX & XXVII (the latter on the second floor) contain a col-
lection of Pictures of Hamburg Scenes and Portraits of Hamburg
Worthies. Many of these are of great interest.
Rooms XX-XXVI (the last of which is on the second floor) contain
works by Hamburg artists of the 19th century, including examples of
Lehmann, Ruths, T. O. Runge, F. Heilbuth (Luca Signorelli, the painter,
by the dead body of his son), E. Janssen, G. Spangenberg, Morgenstern,
Vollmer, Wass7nann, Asher, 3Iilde, Oldach, Specter, and H. Steinfurth.
To the N. of the Kunsthalle, at An der Alster 59, lies the
*Galerie Weber (PI. Gr, 2), founded by Heir E. F. Wehei-
(d. 1907) and containing 350 paintings by the old masters. Ad-
mission, see p. 118. Catalogue by Woermann (1907), 4 ^L
Q-round Floor. Room I. No. 18. In the Style of the blaster of
Liesborn, St. Michael ; 36. Holbein the Elder, Presentation in the Temple ;
39. M. Schaffner, Epitaph of Seb. Welling (1535); 11. Cranach the Elder,
Mocking of Christ (1538); 46, 47. H. von Kidmbach, Portraits ; *48. H. Bal-
dung Grien, Virgin and Child (1519); 50. Altdorfer , Salutation (1521);
56. Schdufelein, Adoration of the Lamb ; *57. B. Beham, Portrait ; 62. Blaster
of St. Severin, Triptych; *72 Ludger torn Ring the Younger, Portrait;
74. Master of the Holy Blood Chapel, Triptych (ca. 1510) ; *84. blaster
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 9
128 P^outc 18. HAMBURG. ^^o.t. Hist. Museum.
of the Death of the Virgin, Crucifixion; *89. Jan van Scorel, Triptych.
106. -Soltykoff Altar', a carved Flemish -vrork of ca. 1510.
First Floor. Room II (Italian & Spanish works). Xo. 20. Man-
tegnn. Holy Family with Mary Magdalen; 22. G. da Treviso the Elder,
"Virgin and Child ; dl. Palmezzano, Madonna enthroned; 33. Cinia da Co-
negliano. John the Baptist; 110. Sodonw.. Lucretia ; *111, Titian, Land-
scape; *115. Palraa Vecchio. Annunciation; *128. Moretto, Pieta; 133.
Tintoretto, Portrait; 148. Sassoferrato . Crucifixion; 152. C. Dolci. St.
Catharine: 159, 160. Tiepolo. Bearing of the Cross, Crucifixion; 174. Ri-
hera, Adoration of the Shepherds: *176. Velazquez. Infanta Margaretha ;
178. Jloya. Portrait; Jlurillo. *179. Madonna of Mt. Carmel. 180. Return
from Egypt. — Room III. (Flemish and Dutch works of the 17th cent.).
Rubens. *188. Helena Fourment. *190. Caritas Romana: Jordaens, 196,
Pieta, 200. Curlv Head : 202. Van Dijck. Duchess of Crov; 208-210. Teniers,
Boors: *223. *224. Fraus Hals the Elder, Portraits; 2S6. G. Cuyp, Twins;
*2.39. S. van Ruysdael. 243. A. van der Neer, Landscapes; 247. Houck-
geest. Xieuwe Kerk at Delft; Rembrandt, 248. Presentation in the Temple,
*249. P.ortrait of a boy, *250. "Woman taken in adultery; 259. A. van
Ostade. Man at a window ; 262. B. van der Heist, Civic Guard ; 266. Bol,
Portrait: 267. Terburg, Portrait; 270, 271. Wouverman. Cavaliers; 275.
C. G. Decker, Cottage: 276. A. Cuyp, Girl milking; 284. C. du Jardin,
Italian vegetable -dealer; *290. P. Potter, Grey horse; Jan Steen, 291.
Parental joy, 292. Continence of Scipio; 294-296. J. van Ruysdael, Land-
scapes: 308. Fabritius. Christ among the Doctors; 313. Maes, Portrait;
314. IT. van de Velde. Calm: 317. A. van de Velde. Landscape; Hobbema,
321. Water-mill. 322. Cottage. — Still-life pieces bv Beyeren (278). Claesz
(238), Heda (228). Seghers (196), Weenix (326), and Kalf (282).
Herr Weber's residence (adm. on special request) also contains a
number of excellent works by modern German and French masters, as
well as examples of Constable. Gainsborough, Hogarth, Hopxmer, Rae-
burn, and Reynolds.
To the S. of the Knnstlialle lies the Central JRaihvay Station
fPl. I. P 10: p. 115 1, erected in 1906. The main hall has a span of
240 ft. In the Kirchen-Allee rises the Deutsche Schauspielhaus
(PL I, P 10: p. 116!, erected in 1900.
In the Stein-Tor-Wall is the "Natural History Museum
iPl. I: P. lOi, completed in 1891 from designs by Semper and
Kratisch. Admission, see p. 118: guide 30 pf. Director, Professor
Krsepelin.
Ground Floor. Mammalia, stuffed and skeletons. — Mezzanin. Se-
lection of Birds. Insects and Sea Shells. — Maix Floor. The collec-
tion of German mammals, birds, reptiles, and insects, with their natural
surroundings faithfully imitated, and the representations of marine life,
may be specially mentioned. S. side, to the left of the hall: Selection
of the most interesting of the Lower Forms of Animal Life (reptiles,
fish, worms, etc.;. W. side: Scientific Collection of Birds , with their
eggs and nests. In the gallery: Insects found in the district of the
Lower Elbe; native and foiei^ Land and Fresh Water Shells. N. side:
Native Fauna: Animals of the Baltic Sea and German Ocean; Anato-
mical Collection. E. side, to the right of the hall: Variations of Ani-
mals, their Means of Attack and Defence, Protective Colouring, Develop-
ment and Eggs. Useful and Harmful Lower Animals. — The Gallery
Floor contains xhe Ethnograpj?iical Collection and the Collection of Pre-
historic Antiquities (new building for these in progress; PL II, X 8).
To the E.. in the St. (xeorge Quaetek, is the Gewerhe-Schule,
with the interesting ^Museum of Industrial Art (PI. I, P 10;
adm., see p. 118 1. fonnded in 1877 Director, Prof. Briackmann.
•Ifi-amstedt"
Stadtteile :
A. Alt'uJ^eustadt
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ITMGEBUNG- voir HAMBURG
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Aussen-Alster. HAMBURGr. ^S- Route. 129
The objects are provided with labels, and illustrated catalogues are
also furnished for general use.
Among- the most notable contents arc the Japanese bronzes, sword
ornaments of the 15-19th cent, (mainly, sword-guards, Jap. Tsuba) , lac-
quer-work, and carvings (Nctsuka) ; the bronze door-handles; the Ham-
burg tile-stoves (18th cent.); weapons; table cutlery; the ceramic collec-
tion. French ivory-carvings (13-14th cent.); German wood-carvings (16th
cent.); furniture; and lace.
At Norder-Str. 66 is the Hamburg Mint (PL II; P, 10), con-
taining a collection of medals (open free on week-days, 9-4). — The
Hansa Fountain^ in the Hansa-Platz (PL II; P, 10), 56 ft. in height,
was erected in 1878 from a design by E. Peiffer. — The chapel of
the Old General Hospital (PL II; P, Q, 9) contains an altar-piece
by Overbeck (1834). — A little to the S.E. is the Mineralogical
& Geological Museum (PL II, Q 9; adm., see p. 118).
To the E. of St. George lie the suburbs oi Borgfelde and Hamm.
— Still farther to the E. is Horn (tramway No. 24, p. 117), with
the Rauhe Havs (PL III; T, U, 10), an interesting home mission-
ary establishment founded in 1833. The Glitza Collection (adm.,
see p. 118), Horner Landstrasse 47 (PL III; U, 10), contains 120
paintings by early German and Dutch painters, including examples
of Cranach the Elder, Deuner, Flinck, De Heem, the Master of
the Assumption, Molenaer, Terhurg (*Fish-seller), Weenix, and
Zeithlom,
d. The Aussen-Alster. Northern Quarters. Ohlsdorf Cemetery.
Waxdsbek.
Comp. Plan III (p. 115) and the Map at p. 131.
Electric Tramways (p. 117) from the Rathaus-Markt (PL II; 0, 10)
to Uhlcnhorst (Nos. 18 or 19, in 20 min. ; 15 pf .) ; to Eppendorf Hos-
pital (No. 1) ; and to Ohlsdorf Cemeterij (No. 6 or No. 28, in 50 min. ; 20 pf.).
— Railicay to Ohlsdorf, see p. 117. — Steamers on the Alster, see p. 117.
The annual Flower Corso on the Binnen-Alster and Aussen-Alster (in
autumn) is a very pretty sight.
The banks of the Aussen-Alster, 430 acres in area, are
sprinkled with country-houses, gardens, and parkr. One of the
favourite points is the Vhlenhorst^^ Hot el- Best aiir ant Fdhrhaus,
R. 4Y2-6, B. 1, B. 4^25 board 6 c^; concerts daily in summer), which
may be reached either by tramway (p. 117) or by steamer from the
Jungfernstieg (Y4 hr. to the Fahrhaus). The latter route is re-
commended ; passengers should leave the steamer at August-Strasse
(PL II ; P, 8), walk to the (1/2 M.) Fahrhaus, and cross thence by
steamer to the Krugkoppel-Briicke. They may then proceed on foot
by the Harvestehuder Ufer to the Raben-Str., and re-embark for the
Jungfernstieg. — Farther on are Harvestehude, with the Johannis-
Kirche (PL II; 0, 8); and Eppendorf (RestavirRni Fahrhaus), with
the Greneral Hospital (PL III; M, N, 5), an admirable institution
(comp. above). To the N. lies Ohlsdorf (ca. 51/2 M. from the
9*
130 Boute 18. ALTONA.
Rathaus-Markt), with a fine Cemetery (PL III, R, S, 1 ; main entr.
on the ^. sidei and a Crematorium (adin. 50 pf.).
"Wandsbek ^railway, p. 145: tramways. Nos. 1-3. p. 117; Altes Post-
haus. very fair : Wandsheker Hof). a town in Holstein, with 31,600 inhab.,
about 3 M. to the X.E.. was once the residence of Matthias Claudius (d. 1815),
the 'Wandsbeker Bote', who is buried in the old churchyard here. A simple
monument has been erected to him in the Wandsbek grove.
II. Altona.
Hagenbeck's Zoo. Blankenese.
Railway and Stea3iers from Hamburg, see pp. 115 and 117. Tram-
ways Xos. 35. 4. & 29 (p. 117).
Hotels. ^Kaiserhof {V\. II. e: I. K, 10). opposite the station. R.
from 3. D. from li/., .^ : Bathaus-Hdtel (PI. II. b ; K, 10), Konig-Str. 291;
Some CPl. 11, c; K, 10), Bahnhof-Str. 4.
RESTArRA:!fTS. GeseUschaftshaus. Papst, Konig-Str. 154 and 135.
Theatres. Stadt-Hieater (PL II; K, 10), Konig-Str. 164 (actors of
Hambursr Stadt-Theater: prices lower).
Post asd Telegraph Office (PI. II ; K, 10), Post-Str. 9.
Altona, situated on the steep X. bank of the Elbe, immediately
adjoining St. Pauli (p. 124), is a rapidly-increasing commercial and
manufacturing town with 168,000 inhab. (includ. Ottensen), and
the headquarters of the 9th Army Corps. It came into the hands
of Prussia in 1866 and is the largest town (after Kieli in the pro-
vince of Schleswig-Holstein. The Harbour affords accommodation
for large ocean-going vessels; the seafaring class is seen at its
busiest in the G^rosse Elh-Str. (PI. II: K, 11), and in the Fisch-
Markt iPl. II: L, 11). The fish-auctions resemble those of St. Pauli.
Entering Altona from the AV. end of the Spielbuden-Platz in
St. Pauli p. 124), we traverse the Reichen-Str. and the Konig-Str.
(PL II: K. L. lOi, and in 25 min. reach the Real- Gymnasium, in
front of which is a monument to the Austrians who fell at the naval
battle of Heligoland in 1864. Beyond the Theatre and a Statue
of Bismarck, by Briitt (1898i, we come to the JRathaus (PL II;
I, 10; 1896-98 1, in front of which, on the S., is a Monument of
Victory (PL 7) to commemorate the part taken by the 9th army
corps in the war of 1870-71, by Luthmer, while on the N. is a
bronze Equestrian Statue of Emp. William I. (PL 4j, by Eber-
lein (1898;. A little to the E., in the Palmaille (PL 11; K. 10, llj,
the most fashionable street in Altona, is a bronze Statue of Count
Conrad Bliicher (PL 3), who was Danish governor of Altona in
1808-45. by Schiller <:1852). From the Elbberg /PL II; I, 11), to
the^. of the Rathaus, we obtain a view down the Elbe; the Town
Park, 1 2 ^^- farther on (via the Flottbeker Chaussee) commands a
still more extensive prospect.
In the Kaiser-Str., leading to the Railway Station (PL II;
K, 10 . stands the *Muiiicipal Museum PL II; I, lOi, built in
1900 (adm., see p. 118;. Director, Dr. Lehmann,
1 'Ky^yi'frfi&^i^
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ALTON A. 1^' Route. 131
In the Basement is an interesting Fisheries Exhibition (guide 50 pf.).
— On the Lower Floor are Zoological Specimens from the province
of Schleswig-Holstein, and on the Upper Floor, Historical Collections
from Schleswig-Holstein.
Farther on in the Kaiser-Str. is the StuMmann Fountain (PL 8 ;
I, 10), with a bronze group by Tiirpe (1900).
The Roman Catholic Church of St. Joseph (PL II; L, 10), in
the Renaissance style (1718), contains an altar-piece ascribed to
Murillo. — The large Lutheran Hauptkirche (PL II; L, 10), con-
secrated in 1743 (facade restored in 1897), is conspicuous by its
imposing copper-covered dome (1694). — The tasteful Gothic tJo-
hannis-Kirche or Norder-Kirche (PI. II; L, 9), in the Allee, was
built in 1868-73 by Otzen, who was also the architect of thePefW-
Kirche (PL II; K, 10) and the Friedens-Kirche (PL II; L, 9).
At the W. end of Altona, near the station, begins Ottensen,
a town incorporated with Altona in 1889, in the churchyard (PL II;
I, 10) of which Klopstock (1724-1803) and his two wives are in-
terred. Their grave is shaded by an old lime, a few paces from
the entrance.
To the N. of Altona lies JStellingen, a village reached from
Hamburg by tramway (p. 117; ^/^ hr. ; 15 pf.), by railway (Y4hr.;
fares 25, 15 pf.), or by taximeter cab (1-2 pers. ca. 4 ^/l). It is often
visited on account of *.Karl Hagenbeck's Zoological Park
(PI. Ill; I, K, 4, 5), which contains a fine collection of animals,
mostly exhibited in large enclosures, under conditions as similar
as possible to those of nature (adm., see p. 118; illust. guide 50 pf.).
The lions are fed at 4 p.m. (except on Mon.), the other animals at
11,4, and 6. In the S.W. corner is a restaurant (dej. 2^/2^ D. 4Y2 ^^)-
To the E., beyond the Kaiser-Friedrich-Str. (bridge), is an Ostrich
Farm (20 pf.).
From Altona to Blankenese, 6 M., a charming excursion. — Steamers,
see p. 117. — Electric Railway and Electric Tramway No. 36 (no view of
the Elbe), see p. 117. — The walk from Altona to Blankenese takes 21/2 hrs.
The road passes numerous villas and gardens. At the end of the
pleasant village of Neumtihlen rises the castellated Villa Do7iner. At
Klein -Flottbek is the ^Park Hotel (R. 3-10, D. 4, pens, from 8 JC),
with its pleasant grounds. Near Teufelsbrticke (steamb. station) is
the Pai-lc of the Jenisch Family (open). Farther on is Nienstedten
{^JacoVs Restaurant^ with shady terrace on the river, D. 51/2 ^)- The
finest view of the Elbe is obtained from the *Sullberg (250 ft. ; tavern
at the top, D. 3 JC), one of the hills among which lies the fishing-village
of Blankenese (Fahi-haus ; Elhfernsicht ; Elhlust ; Lloyd's agent, H. W.
Schade) — ~ ■ • ' " - - ...
Prom Hamburg to Cuxhaven and Heligoland.
Railway to (73 M.) Cuxhaven in 2-3 hrs. (fares 9 ^^ 20, b JC 80,
3 V* 70 pf . ; express 10 e^ 20, 6 J^ 80, 4 ^^^ 20 pf .). — Steamer from Hamburg
(St. Pauli Quay; see p. 124) to (106 M.) Heligoland once daily in summer
in 7 hrs. (fare 9 JC 40, there and back 18 JC 80, on Sun. 10 JC 20 pf .),
touching at Cuxhaven (4-4V2 hrs. ; fare 3 t/^ 70 pf .) and going on to Hornum
132 ^oute 18. CUXHAVEK
iu Svlt (p. 142: fare from Cuxhaven to Heligoland, 1 JC 40 pf., return-
ticket 11 JC 20. on Sun. 7 ^ 20 pf.).
The Railway to CrxHAVEx, starting at the Hanover Station,
runs ^ia Harhurg ip. 114). Buxtehude (21 M.) and (33 M.) Stade,
a town with 10.500 inhabitants. Branch -line to (44 M.) Geeste-
niiinde (p. 108). — The Steamboat Jourxey affords a good view of
Hamburg and the busy traffic on the lower part of the Elbe.
Cuxhaven. — Hotels. Continental (PI. a), pens. 7 JC: Bellevue
(PI. b); Kronprinz (PI. c), R. 2i/.,-6, D. 2-3 JC, these three on the dyke,
facing the sea; Belvedere (PL q)\ Kur-Hotel (PL f), with a beautiful
garden, R. 2-3 ^M. these two in the town. — Restaurant Seepavillon
(PL 5),' well spoken of. — Baths 50-60 pf. — Visitors' Tax 3-6 JC (after
first 5 davs). — Brit, vice-consul. G. Sta?-lce : V. S. consular agent,
J. G. F. Staj'ke. — Lloyd's agent, ^. H. Kullherg.
Cuxhaven (12,000 inhab.), a busy and increasing place belong-
ing to Hamburg, united with Ritzehilttel since 1872, is much visited
as a seaside-resort. The castellated chateau of the 14th cent., which
is visible from the Elbe, is one of the oldest secular structures in
N. Germany. The large harbour was constructed in 1891-95.
About 3 M. to the X.W. of Cuxhaven lies Diihnen (Kurhaus, R. from 2,
D. 3 t^), a seaside-resort, with two children's hospitals.
see p. 109.
Heligoland. — Passengers are landed in tugs or row-boats (80 pf.,
generally included in the price of the tickets). Porter from the landing-
place to' the fnterland 30 pf., to the Oberland 40 pf. (for luggage not
exceeding 44 lbs.).
Hotels. In the Unterland : Konversations-Haus , R. from 4, B. IV'^,
D. 31/.2. pens. 12 a: Queen Victoria (PL a). R. 21/2- SV'o^ B. 1, D. 2i,,-
31/0 JC; Princess Alexandra (PL b), these three near the quav : Mdrk-
ischer Hof (PL c), at the foot of the steps. ^. 2 JC. — In the Oberland:
Janssen (PL d), close to the church. R. 2-3. B. 1 JC. — Lodgings abundant.
Restauraxts at the hotels. Also: Eiechers (D. S'^l.^-o JC). Bufe,
Berliner Hof. Kaisergarten (D. 1 1.2-2 JC). all in the Unterland; Ham-
burger Hof, in the Oberland: TJiaten. Bredau. on the Sandinsel.
Sea Bath (comp. p. 133) 60, towel 10, sheet 20 pf . : fee of 3 c^ to
the attendant on departure. Warm salt-water bath at the Badehaus in
the Unterland 1 JC 20 , swimming-bath 80 pf. — Visitors' Tax (after
2 days) 3 ^S per week. — Theatrical Performances, Balls, and Concerts
during the season (June- Sept.). — Lloyd's Agent. F. K. Oelrichs.
Heligoland, i. e. 'Holy Land*, which formerly belonged to Hol-
stein. was taken bv the EnHish in 1807. thouorh not officiallv re-
cognized as English till 1810, but was ceded to Grermany in 1890.
On three sides the island, which consists of hard red clay and
white sandstone and is about ^ 5 sq. M. only in area, rises nearly
perpendicularly from the sea to a height of 180 ft., forming a long
and narrow triangle called the Oberland. On the S.E. side only a
low, flat bank of sand rises from the water, called the Unterland.
The island (^1 M. fi-om the mainland) contains 2300 inhab. (of
Frisian stock) and is visited annually by 30,000 sea-bathers. It is
now strongly fortified.
HELIGOLAND. is. Route. 133
The visitor disembarks on the Uxterland, on which are situated
a bath-house, a basin used by bathers when prevented by stormy
weather from crossing to the 'Diine' (see below), the Konversations-
Haus, etc. In the Kaiser-Str. is the North Sea Museum (PI. 5; open
in summer on week-days, except Sat., 10-12 & 2-6, adm. 30 pf.),
with interesting collections of birds, beasts, and plants. On the N.
beach is a Biological Station, with an aquarium (open daily, 9-5 ;
•adm. 50, on Sun. 30 pf.). A bust of the poet Hoffmann von Fallers-
lehen (PI. 3) was erected here in 1892.
From the Unterland a flight of 182 wooden steps (PI. 6) and a lift
(PL 2; 10 pf.) ascend to the Oberland, the principal street of which,
called the Falm, skirts the S.E. margin of the cliff and commands
a fine view of the Unterland, the downs, and the sea. The best
views of the cliffs are obtained at the Satkurn (South Horn; with
'wireless' station) and Nathurn (North Horn), which last is a
favourite point towards sunset (restaurant). Near the N. end of the
island is the Lummenfelsen ('Lummen', guillemots), its highest
point, where thousands of gulls nest in May and June.
Opposite the Unterland, and separated from it by a strait ^j^ M.
in width and 12-16 ft. deep, is the Dilne or Sandinsel (ferry there
and back 80 pf.), on the W. (left) side of which is the ladies', and
on the E. (right) side the 'mixed' and the gentlemen's bathing-place.
Boat for the interesting excursion round the island, 1-3 pers., 2 hrs.,
3 c^, each addit. 1/2 hr. IV2 ^; larger boat, 1-6 pers., twice these fares. —
An ^Illumination of the rocks and grottoes takes place on Aug. 10th, on
which occasion the whole of the visitors hire boats in order to witness
it to advantage (3 JC each pers.).
Steamer from Heligoland to Norderney (p. 98) 6 JC 20, return 9 JC
20 pf.; to Westerland (p. 113) 7 ^ 60 , 11 ^ 20 pf . ; to Bremerhaven
7 JC 70, 11 ^ 20 pf.
19. Prom Hamburg to Cologne via Bremen
and Miinster.
278 M. Express Train in 71/2-8 hrs. (fares 38 JC 80, 24 JC 60, 15 J6
70 pf.). The daily 'Lloyd Express' (running through to Genoa) takes
7 hrs. (fare 47 JC 30 pf.). — From Hamburg to Bremen railway in 2-31/2 hrs.
(fares 9 c^ 20, 5 ^ 80, 3 c^ 70 pf . ; express fares 10 ^ 20, 6 ^^ 80, 4 .^ 20 pf .).
From Hamburg to (T^/g ^0 Harburg, see p. 114. From (19 M.)
Buchholz branch -lines diverge for Liineburg and Wittenberge
(p. 157), and for Greestemiinde (p. 109). — 45 M. Botenburg is
situated at the confluence of the Bodau and Wilmme. — 64 M.
Oberneidand, with a fine park known as 'Hopken's Kuh'.
711/2^- Bremen (Bail. Bestaurant), see p. 101. — Beyond
(75 M.) Hemelingen we cross the Weser. At (92 M.) Bassum is
an old abbey-church of the 14th cent., restored in 1866. 114 M.
Diepholz (pop. 3100), on the Hunte, has an old chateau. To the
right appears the Bummer-See. — 131 1/2 M. Bohmte.
134 Route 20. ITZEHOE.
About 31/2 M. to the S. of Bohmte (light railway) are the small saline
baths of Es.^eu (Reckiim).
147 M. Osnabriick (Bail. Restaurant), see p. 70. — Beyond
(152 M.) Hashergen we pass a tunnd Y2 ^- ^^ length. — From
(158^ 2 ^^O Lengerich brancli-lines run to Ibbenburen (p. 70) and to
Giiterslob fp. 35). — "^e cross the Ems, and farther on the Dort-
mnnd and Ems Canal.
178 M. Miinster (Eail. Bestaurant), see p. 92. — 196 M.
Diilmen, a town of 6500 inhab., with the chateau and estate of the
Duke of Croy-Dlilmen, is the junction for Dortmund and Gronau
('p. 34). — 2031 2 ^^- Haltern (Hennewig) is the junction for Flush-
ing, ^esel, and Hamburg. The museum (adm. 50 pf.. Sun. 25 pf.)
contains antiquities found in the environs of the town, which is
supposed to be the ancient Roman fort of Aliso. — We cross the
Lippe. At (213^ o ^O Becklinghuusen begins the Rhenish -West-
phalian Coal District (see p. 30).
At (219 M.) TTanne our line joins that fi'om Berlin to Cologne
via Hanover and Oberhausen (see p. 31).
20. Prom Hamburg to Kiel.
69 M. Railway in 2 hrs. (fares 8 .^ 50. 5 ^ 20. 3 c^ 40 pf . ; express
fares 9 ^ 50, 6 .^ 20. 3 ^ 90 pf.).
Hamburg, see p. 115. The trains cross the Lombards-Briicke
and stop at the stations of Dammtor, Sternschanze, and Holsten-
Strasse. 4^ 9 M- Altona, see p. 130. The next stations are un-
important. — 23 M. Elmshorn ^Holsteinischer Hof, R. 2-3,
D. 2 ^l), a prosperous town on the Krilckaue, with 14,000 in-
habitants. Branch-line (33V2 ^0 to Oldesloe (p. 145).
From: Elmshorx to Hoyer-Schleuse. 120 M., railway in 31/4-51/4 hrs.
(express train from Hamburg in 41 2 hrs.}. — The line traverses the fertile
Marschland. the home of the Ditmarsch peasants, whose gallant struggles
with the Dukes of Holsteiu ended with their subjection in 1559. — IO1/2 M.
Gluckstadt fBahnhofs- Hotel: Llovd's asrent . E. Falckj , a town of
6200 inhab.. formerly fortified. — 22 M. Itzehoe rStadt Hamburg, R.
2-21/.,. D. 2 ^M: Bahuhofs-Hotelj. the oldest town in Holstein, founded
in 809, lies on the Sfor and was once the meeting-place of the Holstein
Estates. Pop. 16.200. A branch-line runs hence to (ISV^M.) Wrist (p. 135).
— [From '32 M.) St. Margareten a branch-line runs to (4i 2 M.) Bruns-
b-attelkoog ^Bah/ihofs-Hotel : Lloyd's agents, Sartori & Berger), at the
W. end of the Baltic Ship Canal' ^Kaiser- Wilhelm-Kanal), with inner
and outer harbours, connected bv a double lock (steamer to Rendsburg,
see p. 138).] — We now cross the Baltic Ship Canal (p. 138). — 47 M.
Meldorf {HoUcinderei. R. 2-21., ^^. vreH spoken of), with 3900 inhab.,
was the home of Carsten Xiebuhr (d. 1815). the traveller, and also of
his more famous son. the historian Barthold Georg Xiebuhr (1776-1831).
The old Parsonage (13th cent.) has a gable of 1601. The Museum con-
tains a carved room of 1568 and another room of the second half of the
17th century. The Parish Church (13th cent.) has old ceiling-paintings
and a choir-screen of 1603. — 55 M. Heide (LandschaftUches Haus),
with 8800 inhab.. has a late-Gothic church, with a 16th cent, pulpit. It
is the junction of a line to Tonning (p. 135) and of another to (15 M.)
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Bilsum (Seegartcn, R. 8-31/2, !>• 21/2 ^; Kaiserhof, R. 2-3, D. 2 c^;, a
pleasant little watering-place. — 68 M. Friedrichstadt (Staclt Hamburg),
a small Dutch-like town (pop. 2700) near the Eider.
76 M. Husum (Thomas's, R. 21/2-31/4, B. 1, D. 2 .^; Bahnliofs-Hotel ;
Stadt llambu7'g, R. 13/^-21/2, B. 3/4 J^; Brit, vice-consul, C. Cristiansen),
on the IIus7imer Au, which here empties itself into the German Ocean
by means of the 'old' and the 'new' Hever, is a small seaport (9000 inhab.),
with an old Chateau (1582) of the former dukes. The Ostenf elder Bauern-
Jiaiis (adm. 10 pf.), re-erected here in 1899, is also interesting. — [From
Husum a railway runs to the S.W. to (13 M.) Tonning (Bahnhofs-
Hotel, R. 2-3, D. 2c^; Brit, vice-consul, C. Becker; Lloyd's agent,
C. M. Lexow), with 4400 inhab., situated on the North Sea, at the mouth
of the Eider, which forms a good harbour here, and to (20 M.) Garding
(Post), connected by omnibus (80 pf.) with the small sea-bathing resort
of St. Peter. ^ — Steamers ply from Husum to Amrum (p. 143), to No7'd-
strand (once daily in 1 hr., fare 80 pf .), and to Pellioorm (daily, in 21/2 hrs. ;
fare 3 JC). — From Husum to Jiibek, see p. 110.
101 M. Niehilll (Schroder), the junction of a branch-line to Dagehilll
(Strand Hotel, R. 21/2, D. 12/4-21/4 JC), whence a steamer plies to Wvk (see
pp. 142, 143). — 112 M. Tondern (Olufsen), an ancient town with 4200
inhab. and a late-Gothic church (16th cent.), is the junction of lines to
(I61/2 M.) Tingleff (p. 142) and to (40 M.) Bramminge (in Denmark). — Our
line turns to the W. II91/2 M. Hoyer (Stadt Tondern). — 120 M. Hoyer-
Schleiise (Rail. Restaurant). Steamer to Sylt, see p. 142.
36 M. Wrist; branch-line to Itzehoe, see p. 134.
51 M. Weumiinster {Bahnhofs- Hotel; Horii's Railway
Restaurant)^ a town with considerable cloth-factories and 31,500 in-
hab., is the junction of lines to (50 M.) Tonning (see above) via Heide,
to Flensburg (R. 21), to Plon and Eutin via Ascheberg(p. 152), and
to (28 M.) Oldesloe (p. 145) and Ratzehurg (p. 156) via Segeherg.
58 M. Bordesholm, once a richly-endowed monastery, Hes on
the lake of that name. The church (14-1 7th cent.) contains the
grave of King Frederick I. of Denmark (d. 1533). — The country
becomes more attractive. Near Kiel the picturesque Eider Valley
is traversed, beyond which the harbour and the distant Baltic be-
come visible. 64 M. Voorde. — 69 M. Kiel.
Kiel.
Hotels (advisable to order rooms in advance during the 'Kiel "Week').
Near the Raihcay Station: *Germania (PI. a; C, 5), R. 3-8, B. I1/4, D.
31/2-5^; *Hansa (PI. p ; C, 6), R. 2-10, B. 1, D. 2-3 c^: ^Continental (PI. i;
C, 6), R. 21/4-41/2, B. 1, D. 2-3 .^; Europaischer Hof (PI. k ; C, 6), R. 21/4-41/2,
B. 1, D. 2-3 oS; MuHL, (PI. c; C, 5) ; M^dicke (PI. b; C, 5), with garden,
R. 2-31/2, B. 1, J).2 JC. — In the Town: *Zum Kronprinzen (PL d ; C, 5) ;
Deutscher Kaiser (PI. g ; C, 4) ; Borse (PI. 1 ; C, 4, 5) ; Union (PL e ; C, 5) ;
KiELER Hof (PL 0; C, 5), R. 2-3, D. 2-3 J^. — By the Schloss- Garten:
*Holst's (PL h; C, D, 3), R. from 21/2, B. 1, D. 2-31/2^; Zum Schloss-
GARTEN (PL m ; C, 3), R. I1/2-3 JC. — For a stay of several days : *Seebade-
Anstalt (p. 137), R. from 4, B. I1/2, D. 4^; *Bellevue (p. 137), R. 3-10,
B. 11/4, D. 3-5, pens. 8-15 c^^, these two with view of the bay. — Pension
Friedrichs, Bau-Str. 9 (pens. 3-4 JC). — Summer Lodgings may be obtained
through the 'Verein zur Forderung des Fremdenverkehrs'.
Restaurants. *Seebade-Anstalt, * Belle vne, Continental, *Holst's,
see above; MUnchner Ldwenbrdit, cor. of Markt and Schloss-Str. ; See-
garten (PL D, 4), on the harbour, with garden, T>. 2 JC; Biirgerhrauj
136 Houte 20. KIEL. Practical Notes.
Schuhmacher-Str. 29 ; Burghalle, Daniscne-Str. 42 ; Ratsioeijikeller (p. 137) ;
AuionuLtic Bestaiirants, Holstein-Str. 41 and elsewhere. — Caf6s. Mono-
2mL Holsten-Str. 9: Chatelaine, Schlossgarteu 11 : Uhlmann, in theMarkt;
Bolfs. Schlossgarten 5. these two also confectioners.
Theatres'^ Stadt- Theater (PL 9; B. 4), in winter only; Klcines
Theater (PL A. 1); Kaiserkrone, Breite Weg 3, varieties. — Opex-air
Concerts at the Diisternbrook Hotel (PL f : D. 1), the Victoria Hotel
(Pl.n: D. 1). and the Waldburg (also in Diisternbrook).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL C, 5), Jensen-Str. 5.
Cabs. Per drive of 10 uiin. 1-2 pers. 60 pf., each 10 min. more 30 pf . :
double fares at night (12 to 6 or 7). — Taximeter Ca?)S- .-1-2 pers. for 800 metres
50 pf .. each 400 m. more 10 pf . ; 3-5 pers., 600 m. 50 pf., each 300 m. more
10 pf . ; at night (1-5 pers.), 400 m. 50 pf., each 200 m. more 10 pf . ; wait-
ing. 10 pf. per 8 minutes. Luggage up to 221/2 lbs. free, up to 55 lbs. 25 pf.
— Drive to Holtenaii and Levensau (p. 138) and back (21/.2 hrs.), 6 JC
(bargain advisable).
Electric Tram-ways. 1. From the Waldwiese to the Belvedere.
2. From the Waitz-Str. to the Knooper Weg. 3. From the Wall to the
Seebade-Anstalt (beyond PL D, 1). 4. From the Station to WelUngdorf.
Boat per hour, for 1-4 pers. 2 c#, each V2 1^^- i^ore 50 pf.
Small Steamers also ply in all directions: from the Jensen-Str.
(PL C. 5) and from the Schumacher-Tor (PL D, 4) to Gaarden (Germania
Wharf) every 5 min.: from the Seegarten-Brlicke (PL D , 4) to WelUng-
dorf. Dictrichsdorf, and XeumUhlen every 1/2 ^^^- 0-^ pf-)j to Laboe via
Friedrichsort hourly (20 pf .). — Circular trips (2 hrs., 40 pf.) to Friedrichs-
ort and back, calling at various intermediate points (10, 15, 20 pf.) are
made every 1 ., ^r- — Luck's Circular Trip round the harbour (31/2 brs.)
start from the Bahnhofs-Quai (PL C. 6) at 9,30 a.m. and the Seegarten-
Briicke (PL D. 4) at 3 p.m. (fares 3, I1/2 -*)•
Baths. Ludwigsbad . Lorenzen-Damm 21 (PL B, C, 3, 4). — Sea
Bathing at the Seebade-Anstalt. Bellevue. Holtenau, Heikendorf, Laboe,
and Stein.
Consuls. British Yice-Consul, Herr A. L. A. Sartori; U. S. Consular
Agent. Htrr Paid Sartori. — Lloyd's Age]s-ts, Sartori & Berger.
Principal Attractions (one day). Morning : ImperialWharves (p. 138) ;
Thaulow Museum (see below); Museum of Antiq^uities (p. 137); Palace
Garden (p. 137): Diisternbrooker "Weg; visit to a man-of-war. Afternoon:
excursion to Levensau (p. 138) or over the bay to Laboe (p. 138). — A visit
to one of \\iQ 2Ien-of-War in the harbour is generally permitted between
12 & 1.30; apply to one of the boatmen (charges, see above; no fee should
be offered to the sailor who shows the vessel).
Kiel, the largest town in Schleswig-Holstein (184,000 inhab.) and
the headquarters of the Germam^ navy, with a naval academy and
a university founded in 1665, is picturesquely situated at the S.
end of the Kieler Forde, one of the best havens in Europe and the
chief war-harbour of Germany. Kiel is also a great depot of the
lumber trade and of the trade between the Danish islands and the
continent. Extensive harbour-fortifications, quays, and docks have
been recently constructed. International regattas, invariably attended
by the Emperor, are held in the second half of June ( -Kieler Woche').
The old town is badly built, with narrow, crooked streets; but
a handsome new quarter has come into existence between the Kleine
Kiel and the Diisternbrook Woods.
In the Sophienblatt, to the X. of the station, stands the *Thaulow
Museum (PL C, 5, 6; open free, except on Mon., 11-4), contain-
ino: an unrivalled collection of Schleswiof-Holstein wood-car vinous
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Palace. KIEL. 20. Route. 137
(16-17th cent.) presented to the province in 1875 by the late Pro-
fessor Thaulow (comp. p. xxxiii), besides household furnishings,
pottery from Schleswig-Holstein, works in metal, costumes, and lace.
Skirting the harbour, or proceeding through the 'Klinke' and
the Holsten-Str. (the chief business streets), we soon reach the town
(Altstadt) itself, which lies between the pool called the i^Zei/ieiueZ
and the harbour. In the Kirch -Platz rises the Church of St.
Nicholas (PL C, 4), built ca. 1241 and spoiled by restoration in
1877-84. It contains a font of 1344 and a high -altar of 1460
(sexton, Flamische-Str. 2 a). — In the Markt-Platz is the Old Rat-
haus (PI. C, 4), with the Ratsweinkeller (p. 136), decorated with
paintings by Koch. The Danische-Strasse leads hence to the left to
the Kiinsthalle (No. 17), with the picture-gallery of the Art Union
(in summer, daily, except Mon. & Sat., 11-2, Sun. 11-5 ; adm. 30 pf.),
and a collection of casts. New Art Museum, see below.
The ScHLoss or Palace (PL D, 4), built at the end of the 16th
cent, and restored after a fire in 1838, Avas formerly the residence
of the Dukes of Holstein-Gottorp, and is now occupied by Prince
Henry of Prussia. In the court is a monumental fountain, by Liirssen
(1888). — The interesting Museum of National Antiquities {Fl. 5;
D, 4), in the old university, Katten-Strasse 3, contains many objects
of a prehistoric period, including a Viking boat 70 ft. in length,
found in the Sundewitt Moor (adm. on Sun., Wed., and Sat., 11-1;
at other times on application to the attendant; catalogue 20 pf.). —
The Schloss- Garten^ to the N. of the Schloss, contains fine old trees,
a War Monument (PL 3) for 1870-71, and an Qf^wQ^ixmn Statue of
Emp. William 1. (PL 2), by Briitt (1896). At its N. end rises the
new University (PL C, 3; 1000 students), built in 1876. Adjacent
are several institutes in connection with it, including the Library
(265,000 volumes) and the Zoological Museum (adm. on Sun. 11-2,
Wed. 12-2). To the N. is the new J.r^ Museum (PL 4), which is to
contain the art-collections of the University and of the Art Union
(see above). In front of the GarrisonChurch (PL C, 1, 2) are a bronze
Crucifixion, by Eberlein (1900) and an Obelisk to the memory of
Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg, drowned in 1897.
To the W. of the Altstadt is the Neumarkt (PL B, C, 4), with
the Town Theatre (PL 9 ; 1907), the New Eathaus (by Billing), and
a bronze Statue of Prince Bismarck (PL 1), by Magnussen (1897).
*Environs. The harbour is picturesque , and tempts to a trip by
steamer or small boat.
On the W. Bank the *Dusternbrooker Weg (PI. D, 1, 2; tramway
No. 3, p. 136), flanked with pleasant country-houses, leads to the N". from
the university, past the Botanic Garden (PI. C, D, 2), the Admiralty (v.),
and the Marine Academy (PL D, 1), with busts of admirals on its terrace,
to (11/4 M.) the Seehade-Ayistalt {^. 135) and the premises of the Imperial
Yacht Club. We may then go on, past the Bellevue Hotel (p. 135), to the
suburb of TFiA:, with the Torpedo Boat Harboitr and the Prot. Garrison
Church. About 2 M. from the Seebade-Anstalt, we reach the E. end of
13 8 Boute 20. KIEL. Environs^.
the Kaiser "Wilhelm Canal or Baltic Ship Canal fsee below), which
is provided, like the W. end at Brunsbiittelkoog ,p. 134), with an inner
and outer harbour, connected by a double lock. On the N. bank lies the
village of HoUenau (Restaurant, above the wharf of the Kiel boats, with
fine view;, with a statue of Emp. William I. (on the plinth two figures
representing War and Peace) and a Lighthouse. To the W. of the lock
is a Pontoon Drawbridge. To the X.E. of Holtenau is the Friedrichsort
Fort, commanding, along with the coast-batteries between Laboe and
Moltenort 'see below), the entrance of Kiel Harbour.
The idea of connecting the Baltic with the Xorth Sea by a water-
route which would avoid the dangerous voyage round the peninsula of
Jutland first crops out in the 14th cent. , and various modest attempts
were made to solve the problem. The foundation-stone of the present
canal was laid by Emp. William I. in 1887, and the canal was formally
opened by Emp. William II. in 1895. The expense of construction amounted
to 156 million marks (7,800.000?.). The canal crosses the land at sea-
level, the locks at either end merely serving to neutralize the tidal changes.
Erom Holtenau to Brunsbiittelkoog (p. 134), where it joins the Elbe, it is
60 M. long. The depth is 30 ft. ; the width at the bottom is 70 ft., at the
top 220 ft. A steamer takes about 9 hrs. to pass through the canal, which is
lighted at night by electricity. — Steamers ply through the canal 6 times
a week from Bransbiittel to Bend^harg (51,2 brs.: '^JC). and twice daily
from Bend^^hurg to Kiel (31,2 1^^- ; 1^ •_» ^)- The voyage, however, presents
little interest to the tourist, as the scenery is flat and monotonous and
the view impeded by the high banks.
From Kiel to Leve:?sau axb back (4 hrs.). We take the Rendsburg
steamer (from the Seegarten-Brucke ; PI. D, 4) to (1 hr. ; fare 40 pf.)
Lecensaii (see below: cab. see p. 136). above the wharf at which is the
Bestaurant Margaretental. We then ascend to (1/4 hr.) the imposing High
Level Bridge of Levensau, which carries road and railway* over the canal
in an arch of 430 ft. span. 130 ft. above the level of the water. Hurried
travellers may return hence to Kiel by railway. Others may walk along
the S. bank of the canal (or the X. bank, via the pretty park oi Knoop :
somewhat longer) to the (1/2 hr.) Knooper FdJirhaiis (inn) and the (20 min.)
Pontoon Bridge (see above). We then cross to the X. bank and proceed to
the right to the (25 min.) wharf at Holtenau, whence we return by one of
the small harbour-steamers (1/2 hr. ; 15 pf .).
The E. Baxk of the harbour (tramway to Wellingdorf, see p. 136) is
also attractive. In Gaarden are Krupp's Gernmnia Wharf (¥\. J), 5, 6;
no admission) and (to the X.) the large Imperial Wharves and Docks
(7100 men: no admission for foreigners). — Opposite Wellingdorf lies
Xeumilhlen (Stadt Kiel: Margaretenhohe). at the mouth of the Schwentine.
with an extensive ship-building yard. Farther distant are the Schreven-
horn wood (view-tower) and the group of villas called Kitzeberg. Between
the villages of Alt-He ikendorf (StvaiJid Hotel), Moltenort (inn), and Laboe,
the -Gfriinde' afi'ord charming silvan walks on the slopes of the coast.
The fishing-village and bathing-resort of Laboe (Laboe ; Seegarten) is
situated in the Probstei. an extremely fertile district.
From Kiel to Flexsburg. 50 M.. railway in 2-3 hrs. The train crosses
the Baltic Ship Canal at '6 M.) Levensau. by the bridge mentioned above).
From (20 M.) ^c^ernforde^Drovjatzky:' Stadt Hamburg j, a seaside-
resort (7100 inhab.;. railways run to (17^ 2 M-) Kappeln Tp. 140) and (151/2 M.)
Oifschlag (p. 139). We cross a corner of the Bay of Eckernforde, and the
broad Schlei, and traverse the district of Angeln (p. 140). — From (32 M.)
Siiderbrarup light railways run to Schleswig (p. 139) and Kappeln (p. 140).
— 50 M. Flensburg. see p. 140.
From Kiel steamers ply twice daily, in 51/2-6 hrs., to Korsor, on the
W. coast of the isle of Zealand : thence an express-train runs to Copen-
hagen in 13/4-2 hrs. (71/2-81 2 brs. in all; fares 18 c^ 40, U JC 90, 8 c^ 50 pf.).
To Sonderburg ^p. 142). steamboat daily, in 41/0 hrs.; to Kappeln
(p. 140) twice weekly, in 3 hrs. : to Eutin and Liibeck, see R. 23.
139
21. Prom Hamburg to Plensburg and
Vamdrup (Copenhagen).
162 M. Railway to (111 M.) Flensburg iu 8-41/2 lirs. (fares 14 J^,
8 J6 40, f> JC 50 pf.; express fares 16 JC, 10 JC 40, 6 Ji. 50 pf.); to Vam-
drup in 5-7 hrs.
From Hamburg' to (51 M.) Neumunster, see E. 20. The line
traverses heath and moorland. — 65 M. Bokelholm. — We cross
the Baltic Ship Canal (p. 138).
71 M. Rendsburg {Green's, Bahnhof-Str., R. 2-4, D. 21/2 ^^;
Railway Hotel, R. 2^/2, B. 1, D. 21/2 ^^7 both very fair), a town
with 15,600 inhab., consists of three parts separated by the ^2C?er;
the Altstadt on an island, the Neuwerk to the S., and the Kronwerk
to the IST. The fortifications are now converted into promenades.
In the Altstadt are the Gothic Marien-Kirche (13th cent.) and the
Rathaus (oldest part, 1566). In Neuwerk are barracks, the Christ-
Kirche (1696), and a monument to the patriot Lornsen (1878).
Steamer to Kiel and to BrunshUttel (p. 134), see p. 138. — 78 M.
Oivschlag. As Schleswig is approached a fine view is suddenly
disclosed of the town, with its lofty cathedral-tower in the back-
ground.
The Danewerk (or Dannevirke), an intrenchment which formerly de-
fended the Danish frontier, dating from the 9th cent., was stormed by
the Prussians in 1848. The works were subsequently extended and strenii-
thened, but in 1864 the small Danish army had to abandon them without
a blow. Only a few remains of the rampart are now visible.
86 M. Schleswig-Priedrichsberg. — Hotels. Stadt Hamhurq
(PI. a; B, 2), R. 2-3, B. 1, D. 2-2^1^ JC; Raven's Hotel (PL b; D, 1), these
two very fair; Dehn's (PL c; B, 2), small, well spoken of, R. 2, D. 2-3 J^;
Koster (PL e ;' A, 2) ; Bahnhofs-Hotel (PL d ; A, 4) ; UntiedVs (PL f ; A, 4),
at the station. — SchleihaUe Restaurant, Gottorper Damm, D. li/o ci(- —
Post Office (PL C, D, 1), Stadtweg. — Baths at the Licisenbad (PL 0, 2).
Tramway from the Deaf and Dumb Institute (PL B, 4) in the Fried-
richsberg quarter (branch -line to the station) to the Rathaus-Markt (PL
E, 1). — Junction Railway from the Friedrichsberg Station to the (2 M.)
Altstadt Station (PL D, 1). ^ The town may be seen, hurriedly, in 4 hrs.
Schleswig, a quiet provincial capital with 18,400 inhab.,
charmingly situated, traces its origin to the reign of Charlemagne,
and afterwards became the residence of the Dukes of Schleswig.
It extends round the W. end of the arm of the sea named the Schlei,
and is divided into the Friedrichsberg, Loll fuss, and Altstadt.
From the Friedrichsberg Station (PL A, 4) the Bahnhof-Str.
leads to the N"., past (1.) the Ei^dheereyiberg (tower; fine panorama),
to the Friedrich-Strasse. The latter and its IST. prolongation, the
Gottorper-Str., lead to the Government Offices (PL A, 3), in front
of which is a War Monument for 1870-71. Farther on is the old
ducal Schloss Gottoiy (PL A, 2), now a barrack, the chapel of
which (adm. 50 pf.) has an interesting carved royal pew (1612). To
the N. is the wooded Tiergarten (PL A, 1), with delightful walks.
140 Boute 21. FLENSBURG. From Hamburg
The Dom in the Altsf adt (PI. D, E, 2), erected in the Romanesque
style in the 13th cent., was restored in Grothic taste after a fire
in 1440. The tower (365 ft. high) was completed in 1894 (adm.
20 pf. ; view).
The IxTERioR, with double aisles restored in 1888-94, is open free
daily, 11-12. and on Wed. & Sun. 11.30-1.30 (in summer also 3-5); at other
times on application to the sacristan (opposite the Romanesque S. portal,
Xo. 11: fee 50 pf.). — The *Reredos , formerly in the monastery of
Bordesholm (p. 135> a work executed in carved oak by Bruggemann in
1514-21. represents the history of the Passion in 22 sections, and is the
finest work of art in the Duchies. In the choir, which is freely adorned
with paintings, to the left, is a font of 1480: on the right tlie marble
tomb (1555) of King Frederick I. (d. 1533). Adjacent is the chapel of the
Dukes of Gottorp . and in the nave are those of several noble families.
The X. aisle contains two altar-pieces by Juriaen Ovens (d. 1678). — The
old paintings in the Cloisters have been restored. •
On the X. side of the Altstadt, in the direction of St. Jtirgen,
stands a monument (beyond PI. E, 1) to the eminent painter J. A.
Carstens (b. at St. Jiirgen in 1754, d. at Rome in 1798j, erected
in 1865. *Yiew. Another monument commemorates Chemnitz and
Bellmann (V\. B, C, 1), the writer and composer of the song
'Schleswig-Holstein meerumschlungen'. — On the Gallberg (PL E, 1)
is a Museum of Antiquities (open on Sun. 11.30-1, ^Ted. 3-5, and
Sat. 11-12..
Steamboat twice or thrice daily, in 3 hrs. (fare 21/2 c^) to (21 M.)
Kappeln (Stadt Hamburg j, with 2600 inhab., on the picturesque banks
of the Schlei , a charming excursion. The old church of Kappeln con-
tains a fine carved altar (1641). The district of Angeln, a fertile pen-
insula between the Schlei and the Bay of Flensburg, presents a somewhat
English appearance with its high hedges , which are not common on the
Continent? The finest survey of the district is obtained from the Schiers-
berg ^240 ft.). — From Kappeln to Kiel, steamer in summer daily, ex-
cept Sun., in 3 hrs. (fare 2 ^ 60 pf.). Railway to Flensburg (see below);
to Eekeruforde. see p. 138.
Kappeln is also reached bv a light railwav (14 M.) via SV.derbrarup
(p. 1.38).
93 M. Jilbek, the junction for Husum (see p. 135). — From
(107 M.) Xordschleswigsche Weiche branch-lines diverge to Niehilll
(25 M.; p. 135) and to Sonderhurg (29 M.: p. 142).
Ill 31. Flensburg. — Hotels. ^Flensburger Hof (PI. a; B, 2),
R. 2-41/0. B. 1. D. 13^-3.^; lift: ^Bahnhofs-Hotel (PI. b: B, 2): Central
(PL c; B. 2). R. 13/^-2. D. 2 JC. very fair; Kronprinz (PI. d ; B, 2) : Sommer's
(PL f ; B. 2). — Restauraxts. ^Flensburger Hof (see above); 3Iunchener
Bilrgerbrdu : Kolosseum: Steamboat Pavilion. — Cafes. Flensburger Hof ;
Theatre (PL 12) : Bellevuc (p. 141). — Wixe at the Gnomenkeller, Holm 1,
J). 2JC.
Electric Tra^^iway from the Bismarck-Str. (PL C. 2, 3) to the Apen-
rader-Str. (beyond PL B, 1).
British Yice-Coxsul. Thomas Hollesen. — Lloyd's Agent, H. W.
Christo])hersen. — Post Office (PL B, 2), Rathaus-Str.
Flensburg, a thriving town with 54.000 inhab., beautifully
situated at the S. end of the Flensburg Fjord, has an excellent
harbour and the largest (German) commercial fleet on the Baltic.
Mk''( rf^ Is/t ' jM^^-^^ =^ %^
to Vamdntp.
FLENSBURG.
21. Route. 141
Among the most imj)ortant buildings are the Nicolai- Kirche
(PI. B, 3), the Marien-Kirche (PL B, 2; 13th cent.; both with
modern towers), the Lmv Courts (PI. 8), with wall-paintings by
Frohlich, and the Theatre (PI. 12). Opposite the last rises the
*Mi:sEUM OF Industrial Art (PI. B, 2), completed in 1903, which
rivals the Thaulow Museum in Kiel (p. 136) in importance (open
in summer dnily, except Mon., 10-4, Sun. 10-5, in winter 11-3:
Ge ogr. Arxst .^."WagiLer ifcJ) eb e s , L eip z ig .
adm. 50 pf.). It contains prehistoric antiquities, cottage interiors,
furniture, wood-carvings, household furnishings, specimens of home
industry, and pottery and glass from Schleswig-Holstein.
^ In the Siider-Markt (PL B, 3) is a Bismarck Memorial Foun-
tain, by Schievelkamp (1903). — Fine view from the Bellevue
(PL B, 2), a cafe on the hill to the W.
The *Flensburg Fjord is a fine sheet of water enclosed by gentle
p-assy and wooded slopes, enlivened by the red roofs of scattercd'farm-
houscs. Small steamers ply on the fjord (to Sonderburcr in 2V.. hrs.,
fare 1 JC 60 pf.; to Gliicksburg abont 1 hr.).
142 P^outc 21. APEXRADE.
On the S. bank lies Glucksburg (Strand Hotel. PL a. R. 2i;.>-5.
D. 31.,. pens. 71.2-10^; BcUfvve. PL b. R. l^/o-S JC ; visitors' tax hJt)\
a frequented bathing-place. The village (Ruhetal Inn. PL c ; Stadt Ham-
burg). 3/^ M. from the shore, possesses a Schloss of 1587. picturesquely situ-
ated on a small lake. — The steamer next passes through the narrow Eken-
Sund and touches at Gravenstein (*Kurhaus. R. 2i 2-I. pens. h^l^-IJC), then
returns to the fjord, rounds the peninsula of Broacker, and reaches —
Sonderburg (Kurhaus. well spoken of: Holstehi'sches Haus: bath
and lodging-houses), the pleasant little capital (6000 inhab.j of Alsen, an
island 122 sq. M. in area. The old Schloss of the Dukes of Augusten-
burg is now a barrack. Sonderburg is the headquarters of the Inspector
of Xaval Artillery, and is frequented as a bathing-place. Steamer to Apen-
rade (see below; through the Alscn-Sund A times daily (3 hrs.. fare 2JC). —
Towards the X.E.. about 4^2 M. from Sonderburg. lies the bathing-place
of Augustenhurg (Frost;, on the deeply-indented Avgustcnhurg Fjord.
Xear AtzerhaUig. 3 M. farther on, rises the Hiigc Berg (240 ft.), which
commands a. survey of the island, the sea. Fiinen, Arroe, etc.
A walk from Sonderburg, starting from the "W. side of the bridge
over the Alsen-Sund. passing the rail, station on the right, and along
the Flensburger Chaussee to (2 M.) the IntrencTiments of Dvppel is
recommended. These were a connected series of bastions forming a
semicircle round the point of the Sundewitt opposite Sonderburg (see
Map), and extending from the Alsen-Sund to the Wenninghund. and
were stormed by the Prussians in 1864 after a siege of two months.
A light railway connects Sonderburg with Flensburg. Steamer from
Flensburg to Faaborg, via Sonderburg. once daily (6 hrs. ; A JC 60 pf .).
Railway from Flensburg to Eckernforde and Kiel, see p. 138.
From Flensburg to Kappeln (p. 140). 32 M., light railway via Gliicks-
hurg (see above) and Steinberg in 3 hrs.
The railway now runs due X. 126 M. Tinrjleffis tlie junction
of a line to Tondern (p. 135'. — 136 M. Rotenkriig ^ whence a
branch-line runs to (^^ o M. > Apenrade f Bahrthofs- Hotel : Stadt-
Theater: Bellevueu a small trading-town and sea-bathing place
(TOOOinhab.i on the beautiful Apenrade Fjord. Steamer from
Apenrade to Sonderburg. see above.
A pleasant drive may be taken from Apenrade to the (9 M.) Kniis-
berg. with its Bismarck Tower (144 ft. ; one-horse carr. 5, two-horse 8 JC).
From (149 M. ^ Woyens a branch-line runs to (7^ 2 ^^•* Haders-
leheju a small trading-place i9300 inhab.* on the fjord of that name.
At 162 M.I Vamdrap the Danish frontier is reached (see
Baedeler's Xorway. Sweden, and Denmark).
22. The North Frisian Islands.
Approaches. To "Westerlaxd ix Sylt. 1. Railway from Ham-
burg express in 4iy., hrs. to Hoijer-Schleuse (p. 135). either via Itzehoe
(comp. R. 20) or via Jtibek (R. 21) ; and steamer (fares S J^. 2 JC 60 pf .) thence
twice dailv in 1^ ^ hr. to Mnnkmarsch on the E. coast of Sylt. whence
a light railwav plies in 1 4 hr. to r2i/, M.) Westerland. Through express-
fares from Hamburg. 26 'jC 30. 19 Ji. 13 JC 30 pf. — 2. Steamboat from
Hamburg dailv via Cuxhaven and Heligoland (comp. p. 132) in 10-11 hrs.
to Hormirn. at the S. extremity of Sylt: thence by light railway in
40 min. to (11 M.; Westerland. 'Fare 1*7 JC-
To Wyk ly FoHE. 1. Railway from Hamburg (express in 4 hrs.)
via Itzehoe or Jiibek to Niebfdl and thence to (81/2 M.) DagebfUl (p. 135).
Bilk
5,
Wejuu/iLjsi
> Strrmd
reJfbogen-
S Y L T
1 : 2o0.000
IQIooneter
ItoiAestTYUi
Sfrr^fg-uftiMid WESTERLAND
1 : 30.000
Fa
ft- JZTrre n p It^-S^^'
EC i^^ ♦ -C ^ - •Osi
5^ \BadelHireaiL
ZBadedireJctian
■ZL ■~~^ \i c,7.. ,-^ 3 EuidcrTitUstdUi:
Geo|rajilx..^jjtall von
"Wagner *Debes ^ip
WESTERLAND. 22. Route. 143
whence a steamer plies twice daily in 3/^ hr. (fare 1 JC 10 pf.) to Wyk.
Through express-fares from Hamburg 21 JC 10, 15 JC 40, 10 tM 20 pf. —
2. Steamer daily from Hambitrg to Hornum (sec p. 142; boats changed)
and thence to Wittdiln in Amrum and to Wyk in 11 hrs. (through-fare
15 Ji 40 pf.).
To Amrum. 1. Steamer from Husum (p. 135) daily to Wittdiln in
4 hrs. (5 tS). — 2. From Wijk steamer twice daily in IV4 hr. (1 t^). —
3. From IJamhurg, see above.
To RoAi. Railway from Hamburg to Hoyer-Schleuse as above, and
thence by steamer (twice daily) in 2 hrs. (fare 41/2 «^) to Konigsmark, on
the E. coast of Rcim ; thence tramway to (2 J^) Lakolk. Through-fares
24 J6 80, 17 J6 50, 12 J^ 70 pf.
The North Frisian Islands, frequented as sea-bathing resorts
by the Germans (comp. p. 98), lie off the W. coast of Schleswig-
Holstein, from which they are separated by a narrow arm of the
sea, known as the Watten. The narrow navigable channels between
the numerous sand-banks are indicated by brooms. A characteristic
feature in the archipelago is formed by the Halligen, low green
islets rising a few feet only above the surface of the sea upon which
they seem to lioat. The chain of islands represent the old coast-
line, and efforts are now being made to prevent farther encroach-
ment by the sea and even to form new land (koog) by reclamation.
The long and narrow island of Sylt is the largest G-erman island
in the North Sea, being upwards of 39 sq. M. in area (4800inhab.).
It contains numerous 'giants' graves'. The principal village on it is —
"Westerland. — Hotels. ^Kurhaus ; ^Deutscher Kaiser (PI. a),
with garden, R. 3-10, B. IV4, D. 3-31/2, S. 3, 'pens. 8-14 c^; "^Hot. Royal
(PI. b); "^Victoria (PL c), R. from 21/2, pens. 7-15 JC; Hohenzollern (PI. d),
well spoken of; Gr and- Hotel {V\. e)', Ger mania {VIA); Hamami {V\.\i)',
Stadt Hamburg (PI. f), R. 2i/2-5, D. 2-l^JC: ReichsJiof (PI. g), pens. 61/2-8^;
Christianenhdhe (Pl.h); Holsteinisches Haus (PI. i).
Restaurants. Seestern, Friedrich-Str., D. 21/2 ^^l ^gir, Strand-Str.,
D. 2^/2 JC: Beier, on the beach, D. from 3<y^; Aj'kaden; Baivmannshohle ,
D. from 1 t/^ 80 pf. The larger hotels also have restaurants on the
beach. — Cafes. Wiener Cafe (Park), Siebert, Wiedermann, Strand-Str. —
Bodega, Strand-Str.
Band twice daily on the beach ; in the evening at the Kurhaus
Restaurant. — Reading Rooms on the beach and at the Kurhaus.
Sea Baths 75 pf., towel 1 JC per week. Tickets at the Bade-Bureau
(PI. 1) or on the beach, 6a.m. -1p.m. Warm Baths (PI. 4; 7 a.m. -2p.m.),
next door to the Hotel Royal, IV2 <^- — Visitors' Tax (after 3 days),
12 JC for the season, 1 JC per day.
Sailing Boats for 1-4 pers., at Munkmarsch or Westerland beach
4 JC per hour; each addit. pers. 1 t^. — Cabs. Per drive within the
town, 1-2 pers, 1, 3-4 pers. I1/2 «^-
Railways run from Westerland to Hornum, to Munkmarsch, and to
Wenningstedt, Kampen, and List (comp. Map).
Westerland (2500 inhab.), including the village oi Alt-Wester-
land and the more town-like Neu- Westerland, is situated on the W.
side of Sylt, and is separated from the sea by a chain of sand-
dunes across which board-walks lead to the beach. Another board-
walk connects the gentlemen's and 'mixed' bathing-place with that
for ladies. The streets of the town are paved and lighted with
144 Boute 22. WYK.
electricity. About 25,000 sea-bathers annnally visit Westerland,
where the sea is seldom perfectly calm.
About 3 M. to the X. of TTesterland (carr. 2,-1 ^€. there and back; rail-
way, see p. 143. fares 70. 40 pf.) lies "Wenningstedt {Kronprinz, pens.
o5 J6 di week: Strand: Bahnhof ; Friesenlwf : lodgings), also frequented
for sea-bathing (bath 50 pf.). Xear it is the Denghoog. a tumulus formed
of immense blocks of granite. — At Kampen (Kurhaus, D. from
21 4 Ji: Zum Roten KUff, 2 JC), IV2 ^ to the X. of Wenningstedt, is a
tall lighthouse (adni. 1 ^H.). — "We may go on hence either by railway
(fares from Westerland 3 ^ 20, 2 JC h pf.) or bv carriage (return-fare
from Westerland 14-16 ^^) to the (1 M.) hamlet of List, at the X. end
of the island. — On the E. coast of Sylt, 3 M. from Westerland (carr.
there and back 3-4 JC), lies Keitum (Friesenhalle), containing a local
museum (adm. 50 pf.). About 4i'.2 M. farther on is the JIorsum-Klifjf {mu).
Wyk. — Hotels. '^Kurhaus: ^Bedlefsetrs (PI. a), R. 21/2-7, B. 1,
D. 21 4. board 5,.^; Deppe's (PI. c), with cafe. R. 3-6, D. 21/2, pens, from
6.^: Schidzs (PL b) ; Xordfriesischer Hof (PI. d) ; Strand Hotel (PL e),
near the harbour. R. 2-3 JC : Borse (PL f ) ; Fcihrliaus (PL g). — Lodgings
(best in the Sandwall). 9-30 JC per week.
Restaurants. Bedlefsen^s Altdeutscher Keller, Erholung (D. 2 JC).,
both in the Sandwall; ScJuceizerhalle. in the Konigs-Garten ; Strand-
halle, Schiltzenhof. near the beach. — Wiener Cafe, Mittel-Str. 110.
Sea Baths (7-12 a.m.). 80 2)f . : warm salt-water bath I1/2 JC: tickets
from G. Weigelt, Sandwall 127. — Visitors' Tax (after 3 days) 9 JC,
families 12-20 JC. — Lloyd's Agents. L. Heymann & Sons.
Wijk, the capital of the island oiFohr.^ on the E. coast of which
it lies, is a pleasant village with 1200 inhab. and a local museum
(Friesen-Museum). The chief resort of the visitors (5500 annually)
is the Sandwall, which is shaded by trees and skirts the beach.
At its X. end is the Harbour: to the W. of it the Konigs-Garten.
^yk is the mildest of the bathing-resorts on the North Sea.
The island of Fohr (30 sq. M. ; 4500 inhab.) contains 17 villages, of
which the most frequented are (1 M. from Wyk) Boldixuni, (31/2 M.)
Xiehlum. and (3i 2 M.) J.ZA:e;"Swm. — A visit should be paid to one of the
so-called 'Yogelkojen', where enormous numbers of teal (about 400,000
yearly) are captured by means of 'duck-pipes' and decoys. — The situation
of Wyk admirably adapts it for sailing-excursions; e.g. to the 'Halligen'
(p. 143) of Hooge (18 JC). Oland (9 JC), and Lojigeness (9 JC), to Amrum (see
below : 9 JC). or to Dagehilll (p. 135 : 9 JC). — Steamboat to Sylt, see p. 143.
The island of Amrum '900 inhab.;, which is 6 M. long and
3 X. broad, lies to the S. of Sylt. There are steamboat-quays at
Wittdiin. Xorddorf. and Steenodde.
Wittdiin. — Hotels. Kurhaus, 2-3i 2. B. 1, D. 21/2, board 4 .^;
Kaiserhof. pens, from QJC: Strand Hotel : Gerrna7iia,ipens. A-7JC: Central :
Quedens: Victoria. — Lodgings. — Sea Bath, 60 pf. — Visitors' Tax
(after 3 days) 5, families 8-15 ^€.
Wittdiin is the leading bathing-resort in Amrum. The beach
is at Kniepsand. to the W.. whither a light railway and a board-
walk lead. — To the X. is the old harbour of A^fee^ioc^c^e (Seehund),
and to the X.W. is a lofty lighthouse (wide view).
LrBECK.
23. Route. 145
C«o^»pliJln« all wajnoriDol™ ip=
LHBECK. 25. Route. 145
Another light railway rims to the N. from Wittdiin pier to Suddorf,
Hotel Satteldilne (pens. 41/2 tJC), Nebel (Erholung), and Norddorf (See-
Pensionat), beyond which is the See-Hospiz (R. 1-3, board 31/2 <^)-
To the N. of Sylt lies the island of Rom, 91/2 M. long and 3 M.
broad, on the E. coast of wliich is the village of Kdniysmark (Romerhof,
R. IV2-2 cJC). On the W. coast lies the bathing-resort of Lakolk, where
accommodation may be obtained in the 'Block Houses' (three furnished
rooms with 2 beds 40-50, board 3IV2 ^ per week) or in the Hotel Drachen-
bur^. Visitors' Tax 4-10 JC.
23. Prom Hamburg to Lubeck
and to Stettin.
223 M. Railway to Lubeck, 40 M., in l-is/^ hr. (fares 5 ^ 20, 3 J^ 30,
2 c^ 25 pf . ; express fares 5 c^ 70, 3 c^ 80, 2 .i( 50 pf ,) ; from Liibeck to
Stettin, 183 M., in 6-10 hrs. (fares 23 J{, 50, 14^ 60, 9 c^ 90 pf . ; express
25 JC 50, 16 J6 60, 10 JC 90 pf.).
Hamburg, see p. 115. — 31/2 M. Wandsbek (p. 130). — 25 M.
Oldesloe (Kurhaus, E,. 2-5 o#; Holsteinisches Haus), a picturesquely
situated watering-place with saline baths (5500 inhab.).
Branch-lines run hence to Ratzehurg (p. 156), to Ehnshorn (p. 134),
and to Neumilnstei' and Schwarzenhek (see p. 135).
40 M. Lubeck. — Hotels. *Stadt Hamburg (PI. a; D, 5), on
the Klingberg, w^ith garden, R. from 3, B. IV4, D. 3-3i/.? <^; Kaiserhof
(PL g; C, 4), Untcrtravc 104, with restaurant, R. from" 3, B. IV4, D. 2-
21/2 JC; Union (PL b; D, 4). Braun-Str. 15, with restaurant, R. from 3,
B. IV4, r>. 2V2-3V2 ^j very fair ; Deutsches Haus (PL c ; D, 5), ^gidien-
Str. 3, with restaurant; Brockmuller (PL d; D, 5), Kohlmarkt 11,
R. 2V2-3V2J B. 1, D. 21/2 ^; International, opposite the station, with
garden, R. 21/2-31/25 B. 1, D. 21/9-3 JC; Central (PL 1; D, 4) ; Borgwardt
(PL f; D, 5); Spethmann (PL e; C, 4) , R. I1/2-2V2, B. ^U, D. IV2 -^;
Anker (PL h; C, 4); Bahnhofs-Hotel (PL i ; C, 4, 5).
Restaurants. Wine: Ratskeller (p. 148), D. 3 JC (claret); Freden-
hayen-s Keller, corner of the Fisch-Str. and the Schiisselbuden (PL D, 4),
D. from 2 JC; Kelling ; Schabbel-Stiftung (p. 149); Bodega, Fleischhauer-
Str. 14. — Beer: Railivay Restaurant ; ReicheVs, Fleischhauer-Str. 16 (PL
E, 4), D. 11/4 JC; Deutscher Kaiser, corner of Konig-Str. and Johannis-
Str. (PL E, 4), with garden, D. 11/4-^; Schiffer-Gesellschaft (p. 151); Rat-
liaus-Halle, Welter Krambuden 5. — Automatic Restaurant, Breite-Str. 65.
Caf6s. Kopif, Hansa Cafe, Breite-Str. 89 & 13; Cafe Central,
Meng-Str. 18. — Marzipan (the old English 'marchpane') is a kind of
macaroon for which Lubeck is famous; to be had of Maret (Markt 17),
Kopff (see above), and elsewhere.
Post Office (PL D, 4) in the market-place. — Telegraph Office
(PL D, 4), Schliisselbuden.
Theatres. Stadt - Theater (PL D, E, 3), in winter only; Hansa-
Theater (PL A, 6), varieties; Stadthalle (concerts). — Lachsivehr {VI. B,
C, 8), a garden-restaurant on the Trave ; Forsthalle, at Israelsdorf (tram-
way, see p. 146). — Organ Recitals (free) in summer in the Cathedral
(Sun., at noon) and the Marien-Kirche (5 p.m. on Wed. in Aug. & Sept.).
Taximeter Cabs. For 1-2 pers., 1000 metres 50 pf ., each 500m. more
10 pf . ; 3-4 pers., 750m. and 375m.; at night (10-6), 500m. and 250m.
Luggage up to 221/2 lbs. free, up to 55 lbs. 25 pf. — Also ordinary cabs.
Electric Tramways from the Railway Station (PL A, 4) to the
Barracks (beyond PL Gr, 6), from the Cronsforder Allee (PL E, 8) and
MUhlen-Tor (PL F, 7) to the Burg-Tor (PL F, 1), and on to the Roeck-
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 10
146 P^outc 23. LtBECK. Histon/.
Str. or the Forsthalle (p. 145): from the Kohlmarkt (PL D, 4, 5) bv
the Holsteu-Tor (PI. C, 4, 5) and Liudeu-Platz to the Schiitzenhof, and
on to Krempelsdorf or the Schwartauer Allee. Fare 10 pf., to the Forst-
halle 20 pf.
Steamboats. Small steamboats ply from the Trave Pavilion (PI. C, 4)
to Schirartau ;p. 152: 30 pf.), Israelsdorf, and Travemilnde (p. 152) on
the Lower Trave. and to the Lachswehr (see p. 143: 10 pf.) and the
Walk-3IiViIe (p. 151; 15 pf.) on the Upper Trave. Motor -launches to
Moisling and Padeliigge. Large steamers to Copenhagen (quay PI. E, 1 .
Reval. Helsinsrfors. and other ports on the Baltic.
Baths at^ theKraheu-Teioh (PL F. 6). Warm Baths (PL F, 5).
Hiix-Str. 130.
British Vice-Consul, H. L. Behncke. — U. S. Agent, Wolfgang
Gaedertz. — Lloyd's Agent, 3Iax Gaedertz. — Strangers' Enquiry
Off.ce. Markt 15 ^Pl. C. D. 4;.
Chief Attractions (one day). Holsten-Tor (p. 147); Rathaus p. 147) ;
St. Mary's p. 148, ; Cathedral (p. 149): Museum (p. 150); Schiflfer-Gesell-
schaft (p. 151) ; Kaufleute-Kompanie (p. 151) ; Holy Ghost Hospital (p. 151) ;
Burg-Tor (p. 151): Travemiinde (p. 152).
Liibeck. with 92,000 inliab., tlie smallest of the three in-
dependent Hanseatic towns of the German Empire, is still a busy
commercial industrial place. It lies 14 M. from the Baltic, on
the Trave. the channel of which has been deepened, so as to afford
access to vessels of 25 ft. draught, while the Elbe and Trave Canal
(42 X. long; completed in 1900) connects it with the Elbe. Wine
(especially claret), timber, and tar are the chief articles of trade
at Liibeck. — The town still contains reminiscences of its mediaeval
greatness in its lofty towers, its ancient gabled houses in the late-
Gothic and Renaissance styles (Kohlmarkt 13, Fisch-Str. 34, etc.),
its fortified gateways, its Gothic churches, and its venerable Rathaus.
Liibeck was founded in 1143 by Count Adolph II. of Holstein, near
the site of an earlier town of the Wends (Alt-Liibeck. near Schwartau),
and shortly afterwards ceded to Henry the Lion, under whom it pros-
pered so well that it was declared a free town of the Empire in 1226
and invested with important municipal privileges. In 1227 Liibeck in
alliance with the Holsteiners signally defeated the Danes at Bornhoved,
thus releasing the surrounding country from their yoke, and soon after
it developed considerable naval power. Liibeck's enterprising spirit,
coupled with the increasing activity of the neighbouring towns (Rostock,
Wismar. Greifswald. Stralsuud, Hamburg), gave rise to the foundation
of the Hanseatic League (from -Hansa', i.e. association), an alliance
of the great commercial towns of X. Germany, which formed a peace-
loving, but powerful bond of union between Western and Eastern Europe.
The first alliances were indeed soon dissolved, but in the 14th cent, they
were eagerly renewed , in consequence of the Danes having by the
conquest of the ancient colony of Wisby in the island of Gothland in
1361 threatened to monopolize' the trade *of the Baltic. The war resolves
on by the general Hanseatic Diet at Cologne in 1367 soon raised the
League to the zenith of its power. It conquered S. Sweden (Skane) and
Denmark and permanently garrisoned several important places within
these countries, and by the Peace of Stralsund in 1370 it even became
entitled to ratify the election of the next king of Denmark. The League
enjoyed marked' prosperity for upwards of a century, and embraced
eighty cities in all. from' Reval to Amsterdam, and from Cologne to
Breslau and Cracow, besides owning factories at Bergen, Novgorod, Bruges,
and London. Liibeck at that period held undisputed precedence over the
other members of the League. Towards the close of the 15th cent, the
Rathaus. LUBECK. 2.5. Bo7(fe. 147
increasing power of the three Northern and the Russian empires proved
detrimental to tlie League, and its decline was accelerated by the new
commercial relations of Europe with America and India, which were
chiefly carried on through the medium of England and Holland. Not-
withstanding this , Liibeck again endeavoured to assert her ancient
supremacy over the Baltic, and the enterprising burgomaster Jilrgen
Wullemvever conceived tlie bold project of establishing a dominion over
the Danish kingdom (1531-35). But these schemes proved abortive, and
a war against Sweden in 1563-70, although not unattended with glory,
led to no practical result. Liibeck's power thenceforth declined, although
she preserved her position as a free city of the Empire, and continued
to enjoy considerable commercial prosperity. The form of government
is the same as that of Hamburg (p. 119).
In the history of Medieval Architecture Liibeck is a place of
great importance, owing to the care with which brick building was
practised here. This style was chiefly cultivated during the Grothic period.
Tlie Liibeck style of church-architecture, particularly that of the Marien-
Kirche, has extended to Mecklenburg, Pomerania, Prussia, Brandenburg,
and to the W. far beyond the frontiers of Holstein. The material was
unsuitable for rich plastic decoration, and compelled the architects to
simplify their forms. Thus the buildings arc destitute of foliage ; the
capitals are trapezium-shaped instead of cubical, and there are no slender
columns ; but those peculiarities led to new structural and decorative
beauties. Great attention was paid to the vaulting; spacious halls were
constructed without difficulty ; surfaces, otherwise blank, were enlivened
by moulded stones ; and coloured bricks were introduced for the same
purpose. The external architecture of the churches appears plain and
clumsy, owing to the sparing use of flying buttresses, but the interiors
are generally imposing.
From the new Railway Station (PL A, 4) we cross the Puppen-
Brilcke (PL B, 4, 5) to a small park with a bronze Statue of
Prince Bismarck, by Hnndrieser (1903). Hence we enter the town
by the inner "^Holsten-Tor (PL C, 4), a fine specimen of a mediaeval
fortified gateway, completed in 1478 and restored in 1871. The
Holsten-Strasse leads straight to the Market Place (PL D, 4),
which contains the Post Office and is adorned by a Grothic Fountaiii^
erected in 1873. — The Breite-Strasse, skirting the market-place
on the E., is the busiest street in the city.
The *Itathaus (PL D, 4), occupying the N.E. corner of the
market-place, a Grothic brick building (13-1 5th cent.) with huge
gables and quaint spires, consists of two buildings adjoining each
other at right angles (comp. p. xxxi). In 1570 the principal part
of the building, adjoining the market-place, was embellished with
an entrance-hall in the Benaissance style, and in 1594 a handsome
staircase in the same style (restored in 1895) was constructed on
the side next the Breite-Strasse. In front of the main entrance in
the Breite-Str. are two 'Beischliige' (see p. 353), with metal reliefs
of 1452, The N. f agade is adorned with paintings of German emperors,
princes, civic dignitaries, and chroniclers, by Liitgendorfl".
The Interior (open 9-6; adm. by tickets obtained from the keeper,
to the left, in the main entrance ; 30 pf .) underwent a complete restoration
in the late-Gothic style in .1887-91. The main entrance (see above) leads
into a square Vestibule. On the groundfloor, to the right, are the Azcdience
or Senate Room, rebuilt in the rococo style in 175JL-GO (door of 1573;
10*
148 Bonte 23. LtBECK. St. Mary's.
paintings by Torelli. of Bologna), the Borsen-Nebensadl (with gallery sup-
ported by columns and ceiling-paintings, ancient civic coats-of-arms, etc.),
and the Borsen- Saah A gorgeous staircase, supported by pillars of
glazed tiles, with richly-painted arches and a mural painting by Koch
(Henry the Lion receiving the homage of Liibeck; comp. p. 146), ascends
from the vestibule to the First Floor, with the BUrgerschafts-Saal,
adorned with mural paintings by Koch. Among the more ancient apart-
ments is the ^Kriegsstube (*War Chamber' : 1594-1608), with a richly-
carved door, beautiful inlaid wall-panelling, and a sandstone and alabaster
mantelpiece (1595). The decorations are due to Tonnies Evers the Younger ;
the cassetted ceiling is new. The ancient Hansestic Hall, in the X. part
of the upper floor, in which the diets were held, was destroyed in 1817.
The Ratskeller (see p. 145; entrance from the Market), with its
remarkable late-Romanesque and Gothic vaulting and columns, was last
restored in 1900. The Bansa-Saal is adorned with the arms of the Hansa
towns (1889). The sandstone Chimney Piece in the *Braut-Gremach' bears
the quaint inscription of 1575: 'Menich Man lude synghet. wen men em
de Brut bringet ; weste he wat men em brochte, dat he wol wenen mochte'
(many a man sings loudly when they bring him his bride; if he knew
what they brought him, he might well weep). The Admiral's Table is
said to be made of a plank of the last admiral's ship of Liibeck (1570).
The Admiral's Room ( Admiralzimmer) is adorned with humorous mural
paintings by Liitgendorff (1887).
A few paces to the X. of the market rises the * Church of
St. Mary (PL D, 4), one of the most admirable examples of low-
German brick architecture, which has served as a model for nu-
merous churches in this part of the country. It was indebted for
its origin in 1251-1310 to the ambition of the citizens to have their
principal church larger than the cathedral of the bishop. The plan
is similar to that of the French cathedrals, the aisles being lower
than the nave, which is not the case with most of the brick churches.
It is 335 ft. long: transept 186 ft. in width; nave 127 ft. and aisles
69 ft. high; spires about 410 ft. high. A chime of bells in the
small E. tower plays a chorale at the hours and half-hours.
Interior (open all day. entr. by S. door; tickets, 30 pf., for closed
chapels obtained from the sacristan at Xo. 8 in the neighbouring Meng-Str.,
who. however, is generally in the church in the afternoon). On the wall
to the left of the S. door is a fine memorial brass of the Wigerinck
family by Peter Yischer (1518). Farther on, to the left, are the Stalls of
the Skane (S. Sweden) Sailors (1506). adjoining which is the Briefkapelle
(chapel of letters, built in 1310). so named because portraits of saints with
written or printed prayers were once sold here, with groined vaulting
supported by two slender monoliths, 28 ft. high ; *Altar with scenes from
the life of the Virgin, carved at Antwerp, and painted in the style of
the Louvain school (1518). — Yost of 1337 (the best view of the church
is from this point). — Beneath the organ is the Chapel of the Bergen
Sailors, with fine carved stalls and bronze screen (1518). In this chapel,
to the right, a diptych, with the Conversion of St. Olaf , King of Xorway,
patron-saint of the "Bergenfahrer". or mariners of the northern seas,^ by
J. Kemmer (1524). Stained-glass windows. — The Dance of Death, in a
chapel on the left, is a copy (1701) of the original of 1463. — In front
of the next chapel r Qerice-Kammer) is a stone Madonna of 1420. — In
the chapel is the Taking leave of the body of the Saviour, painted by
F. Overbed: in 1846; perhaps his best work. — The Sacristy contains
some good carving from the old high-altar, representing scenes from the
fife of the Virgin and the Passion of Christ (1425). The silver statuettes
lormerly here have been replaced by figures copied from the St. Sebaldus
Cathedral. LUBECK. 25. Route. 149
shrine at Nuremberg. — Farther to the N. hangs an admirable old winged
picture, the Nativity, Adoration of the Magi, and Flight into Egypt,
painted in 1518. — The Clock at the back of the high-altar, dating from
1561-66, has mechanical figures which move at noon. To the right and
left of the clock are *Stonc Reliefs (1498) of Christ washing his Dis-
ciples' feet, the Last Supper (at the foot a black mouse gnawing at the
roots of an oak, the ancient emblem of the city), Gethsemane, and Tak-
ing of Christ. — The so-called Beicht-Kapelle, to the E., at the back
of the choir, contains an altar-piece with the Crucifixion and the Death
of the Virgin, by Hcrm. Rode (1494), and also Overbeck^s Entry of
Christ into Jerusalem. The *Stained Glass of three of the windows
in this chapel was executed about 1400, and removed hither from the
old Burg-Kirche. — To the right, on the choir-wall, is a winged altar
of about 1520 (in the centre Adoration of the Trinity, after Diircr). Mass
of St. Gregory, a 'tempera' painting of the early 16th century. Painted
statue of St. Anthony (2nd half of 15th cent.). — Marble High Altar of
1697, by Thomas Quellinus, of Antwerp, adjoined by a graceful Gothic
*Ciborium of 1479, restored in 1855. — The Choir Screen has some stucco
sculptures (ca. 1520) and paintings (some by J. Willinges, 1595, others
older). On the first pillar to the right, fine statue of St. John the Evan-
gelist, in painted wood (1520). Some fine wood-carving on the benches
(14-18th cent.), several brasses of the 15th and 16th cent., the Renaissance
epitaphs, the pulpit of 1691, and the screens are also worthy of notice.
— The organ-loft of the largest of the three organs (W. side ; 5134 pipes
and 81 stops) is in the ornate style of the latest Gothic period (1516-18).
In the Meng-Str. (No. 36) is the Schahhel-Sti flung (PL D, 3, 4),
an old patrician residence, with a museum of local art (restaurant
in front).
To the S.W., near the market, is the Church of St. Peter
(PL D, 5; sacristan, Grrosse Petersgrube 2), founded in the first half
of the 13th cent., and converted into the present Gothic edifice with
double aisles early in the 14th century. The tower is 282 ft. high.
Among the objects of interest in the Interior are the monumental
*Brass of Burgomaster Klingenberg (d. 1356), which was executed in
Flanders ; a smaller brass of Liideke Lammeshoft (15tli cent.), with the
Crucifixion and donors ; the organ, with rich carvings by Tonnies Evers
(1587-90) ; an artistic clock (1605) ; and a carved wooden pulpit with
reliefs (ca. 1665).
We now cross the Klingenberg (PL D, 5), where there is a
handsome Fountain, 36 ft. in height (1875), and proceed to the S.,
passing the modern Roman Catholic Church (PL D, 6), to the ^-
*Cathedral (PL D, 6; sacristan, Hartengrube 3, in summer
generally in the church 10-11.30 & 2-4.30: ticket for the chapels
30 pf.), founded by Henry the Lion in 1173, enlarged in the 13th
cent., and completed in the 14th cent.; towers 394 ft. high. The
*Porch of the N. aisle, a gem of the transition style, dates from
the middle of the 13th cent, (restored in 1890); the inner portal,
with garlands, fantastic animals, and polished columns of black
slate, is especially worthy of attention.
Interior (entr. by N. door). Beneath the organ (1699) is a font of
1155. In the wall of the S. aisle is the *Brass of Bishop Tiedemann
(d. 1561). — The pulpit, with seven alabaster reliefs (1568), is enclosed
by an iron railing of 1572. Opposite is a Last Judgment, by B. Wulff
(1673). — Choir-screen of the late 15th cent. ; in front of it, a large
150 ^ouic 23. LfBECK. Museum.
crucifix dating from 1477. repainted in 1894. In the Choir, the recumbent
bronze ^Figure of Bishop Bocholt (d. 1341), probably of Flemish workman-
ship. — High Altar of 1696. with a Crucifixion by J. H. Tischbein.
The sedilia to the right, erected by Bishop Bocholt, should be noticed. —
The Archiepiscopal Chapel contains sarcophagi of the last prince-
bishops. — In the Mulsche-Kapelle the large *Brass of Bishops von
Serken and von Mul. Xetherlandish workmanship of the 14th cent. ; Ma-
donna of 1509 in coloured stucco. — The altar-piece in the Greveraden
Chapel is a double ^Triptj-ch by Memling (1491). On the external
shutters is represented the Annunciation , in grisaille ; on the inner
shutters the lifesize figures of SS. Blasius, John the Baptist, Jerome,
and ^gidius, the patron -saints of the donor. Canon Adolf Greverade.
These saints, with their rich warm tones, rank with the artist's master-
pieces. The inner pictures are scenes from the Passion; a Crucifixion
occupies the principal place in the centre.
Adjoining the cathedral on the S. is the *Museuin (PI. B, 7), a
G-othic edifice built in 1892 by Schicienwg. The E. wing includes
remains of the old cathedral-cloisters. Open free on Sun., 11-4,
and Thurs., 4-6 (in winter 2-4); adm. on other days, 10-3, 50 pf.,
on application to the custodian on the S. side of the building.
Catalogue 30 pf.
Ground Floor (Lower Section). Museum of Liibeck Art and History.
To the right of the entrance : Architectural specimens ; prehistoric anti-
quities : weapons : seals : portraits of local celebrities ; views of Liibeck ;
musical and scientific instruments ; instruments of torture. — To the
left of the entrance: Weapons (*Xo. 143, dagger with chasing and niello-
work), military apparatus, costumes, ornaments (3507. So-called 'Girdle
of Luba"). boats, coaches, coins, weights, and measures. — W. Corner
Room: Domestic articles, guild-utensils.
Grouxd Floor (Upper Section). In front and to the right: In-
dustrial Museum. — To the X.: Ecclesiastical Collection, including
tasteful altar-screens of 1484. 1496, 1500. 1522, etc.; ivory diptychs ;
clerical vestments; altar utensils; crucifixes; educational appliances. —
To the left of the entrance : Etlinograjihicol Collection.
^NlAiy Floor. The S. and E. rooms contain the interesting Natural
History Collection. — In the W. wing is the Commercial Museum.
Upper Floor. Plaster Casts. In the rooms to the W. is the Pic-
ture Gallery.
To the X.E. of the cathedral is the late-Gothic Convent of
St. Anne tPl. E, 6 : 1 502-10 1. in the St. Annen-Str., now a penitentiary,
and greatly disfigured by fire. The Church of St. ^gidius (PI. E, b)
is a somewhat cumbrous structure of the 14th century. In the in-
terior (entr. on W. side ; sexton, iEgidien-Kirchhof) are a richly-
carved organ-case (1625). a screen by Tonnies Evers the Younger
(1587), and a bronze font of 1453.
The Church of St. Catharine (PI. E, Si, now secularized and
used for exhibitions, is a fine (rothic structure of the middle of the
14th cent., with a lofty nave and an elevated choir borne by columns.
Below the choir is a brass of Burgomaster Liineborg (d. 1461).
The old Franciscan Convent, which adjoins the church on
the S., has been restored several times since the Reformation. The
building now contains the Katharineurn (a 'gymnasium- and a 'real
gymnasium'), the Public Library^ founded in 1620 (open daily,
St. James's. LUBECK. ^5. Brmte. 151
except Sun., 10-2; cntr., Hundc-Str. 1), with upwards of 120,000
vols., and a Cabinet of Coins, with a complete series of Liibeck
coins and medals. — Tlie Stadt-Theater (PL D, E, 3) was built by
Diilfer in 1908.
The Church of St. James (PI. E, 3 ; sacristan, Konigs-Str. 2),
a Gothic building of the 14th cent., contains a fine flight of steps
(ca. 1620), adorned with carving and intarsia-work, leading below
the Gothic organ to the choir. In the Bromsen-Kapelle is an in-
teresting Altar of about 1500.
Opposite the W. Portal of the church, Breite-Str. 2, is the hand-
some house of the *SchifFer-Gesellschaft (PI. D, E, 3; see
p. 145), built in 1535 and remodelled in 1880. The little altered
interior is an interesting example of a guild-house. On the walls
are pictures of Scriptural subjects, repainted in oils in the 17th
century. Models of ships and bronze candelabra hang from the
roof. — The house of the Kaufleute-Kompanie (PI. D, E, 3),
Breite-Str. 6, rebuilt in 1840, contains some admirable wood-carving,
particularly in the old * Fredenhagen Room, executed in 1573-85
(open daily; fee).
The Hospital zum Heiligen Geist (PI. E, F, 3; adm. by
ticket 20 pf.), in the Geibel-Platz, is an admirably organized alms-
house, completed in 1286. The fagade shows three gables and five
turrets. A fine early -Gothic chapel, dating from the early part
of the 13th cent., serves as an entrance-hall. The chapel was re-
painted in 1898. The scenes from the legend of St. Elizabeth, on
the screen, date from about 1420 and were restored in 1894. From
the entrance-hall we enter a large ecclesiastical-looking room con-
taining about 140 cubicles. — In the Geibel-Platz is a seated
bronze figure, by Yolz, of Emanuel Geibel (1815-1884), the poet,
who was born in Liibeck.
The Law Courts (PI E, 2), built in 1896, incorporate the
cloisters and several rooms of the old Burgkloster. Above an old
archway at the N.E. corner of the building are some excellently
executed grotesque wood-carvings.
The ""Burg-Tor (PL F, 2), the K gate of the town, is a lofty
brick structure of 1444. Near this point the Battle of Liibeck took
place on Nov. 6th, 1806, between Bliicher, with the wreck of the
Prussian army after the battle of Jena, and the pursuing French
marshals Bernadotte, Soult, and Murat. — Good views of the Trave
and harbour are enjoyed from the grounds outside the Burg-Tor and
from the bridge over the canal.
On the left bank of the Trave, between Schicartau and Hei'venwiek, are
several factories and large blast furnaces. — The Walk-3IuhIe(TestaiiTixnt),
2 M. from the Miihlen-Tor, is a favourite resort (steamboat, see p. 146).
A branch-railway (13 M., in 30-40 min.; fares 1 J^ GO, 1 JC, 65 pf.)
runs from Liibeck past (71/2 M.) Waldhusen to Travemundc. The 'Hun's
152 Bonte 23. PLON. From Hamburg
Grave', discovered in 1843 about 1 M. from Waldhusen (pretty forest-
path;, is one of the largest tumnli of the kind in Germany. — 121/2 M.
Travemunde {Hot. de Eiissie . R. 2-4. D. 21.2 JC. very fair), a small
town with 2000 inhab., was the port of Liibeck before the deepening of
the river. The train goes on to (13 M.) Travemunde-Strand (*Kur-
Jiaus. R. & B. 3-71/2, D. 21/2-4, pens. 61/2-IO c^; * Strand Hotel; restaurant
in the Strand Pavilion: visitors' tax I'^joJC). frequented for sea-bathing.
Prctt^' walks. — About 31 2 M. to the N.W. of Travemunde (omnibus in
summer. 60 pf.) is Xiendorf, another sea-bathing place.
From Liibeck to Buchen (Berlin), see p. 156.
From Lubeck to Kiel, 50 M.. railway in 11/2-23/^ hrs. — The train
follows the left bank of the Trave. 31/2 M*. Sclncartau (Erbgrossherzog).
a favourite resort from Liibeck. Fine view from the Bismarck Tower
(20 min.). — 20 M. Eutin rVoss-Haus, sec below, R. 21/2-3, B. 1, D.
21 o. pens. Q-l Ji. well spoken of; Stadt Hamburg : Hoi steinischer ilof :
Bahnhofs-Hotel, R. 13 4-2. B. 3^ jc: Victoria, R. & B. li 2-3. D. 11/2 .^;,
a town with 5400 inhab., pleasantly situated between the Grosse and
Kleine Eutiner- See . was the seat of a bishop from 1162 to 1535, and
now belongs to the grand-duchy of Oldenburg. Its Schloss has pretty
grounds. Weber (1786-1826), the composer, was born here, in a house
in the Liibecker-Str. (Xo. 26), denoted by an inscription. His monument
is in a grove to the S. of the town.* Count Stolberg, the friend of
Goethe, and the poet Toss (monument in front of the gymnasium) also
resided here, and their houses, in the Hinter-Str., are indicated by
memorial tablets. Toss's house, formerly the rectory, is now a hotel.
Eutin is situated in the prettiest part of Holstein (automobile lines to
various points'. From Eutin to OrtJi. see below.
The scenerv between Eutin and Ascheberg is verv prettv. — 25 M.
Malente-Gremsmiitilen C^Park Hotel: Brahmberg,^B.. 13/4-21/2, B. 3/^^,
very fair: Bellevue. R.&B. 2i 2-3<^: visitors' tax S,^j, a frequented summer-
resort, charmingly situated on the Dieksee, with interesting walks. From
Malente to Liitjenhurg, see below.
30 M. Plon rZum Prinzen. R. from 2. D. 21/4 JC, very fair; Deutscher
Kaiser : Post), with 3750 inhab., is very picturesquely situated between
the Grosse and Kleine Ploner-See. The Prussian military school was
once a royal Danish chateau. A pleasant walk of 1V2"2 ^i^'S- niay be
taken as follows : from the station by the Eutin road to (1/4 M.) See-
garten (with garden-restaurant; boats), on the Grosse See. commanding
a good view. Then to the Steinberg (view), and by the Liitjenburg road
round the Scholisee to the Parnass (*Tiew ; 20 pf.) and the Biberhohe
(restaurant). 1/2 M. from the station.
The railway skirts the X. bank of the Grosse Ploner-See. 35 M.
Ascheberg (Rail. Hotel), junction for Xeumiinster (p. 135). The Kiel
line turns to the X. and skirts the Lanker-See. — 40 M. Preetz (Stadt
Hamburg) possesses a convent for ladies of noble birth, founded in the
13th century. Pop. 5050. A busy manufacture of shoes is carried on here.
50 M. Kiel, see p. 135.
[From Euxiy to Orth. 53 M.. railway in 51/2 hrs. — 10 M. Neustadt
(Stadt Hamburg: Marienbad;. with 4800 inhabitants. — 241/2 M. Oldenburg
(Stadt Hamburg.' R. 2-3 c4^). ' an ancient town on the Brokau, with 2500
inhabitants. — 34 M. LUtjenbrode. junction of a branch-line to (21/2 M.)
Heiligenhafen (Kurhaus. pens. 5-6 Ji\ Kurhaus Warteburg, R. 2-21/0^),
a seaside-resort with 2400 inhabitants. ' From (39 M.) Grossenbroder Fdhre
a ferrv-steamer plies to Fehmarn (10 min.; Lloyd's agent, E. Aereboe).
44 ^i.'Burg. — 53 M. Orth.]
[From ;^LLLEXTE-GREMSMUHI>E^- to Lutjexburg, IO1/2 M., railway in
34 hr.. traversing the most picturesque part of Holstein, known as the
Holstein Switzerland, with the Keller-See, the *Uklei or Uglei-See, the
Bungsberg. and other points. Good inns. — 101/2 M. Liitjenburg (pop.
2200; Stadt Hamburg) has an ancient church with a monument of 1608.]
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to Stettin. ROSTOCK. 25. Route. 153
Beyond Liibeck the railway to Stettin runs towards the E.
From (61^2 M.) Grevesmiihlen (Rail. Restaurant) a light railway
runs to (9^2 ^0 Klutz^ whence a diligence plies to (2^2 ^0 Bolten-
hagen (Grossherzog von Mecklenburg, pens. 4Y2-5V2 ^)i ^ sea-
bathing place. At (76 M.) Kleinen (Railway Restaurant, good) our
line intersects the railway from Ludwigslust (Berlin) to Schwerin
and Wismar (R. 25), and farther on it skirts the Lake of Schwerin.
At (87 Yg ^') Blankenherg (Sail. Restaurant) we cross the line from
Wismar to Karow and Neustadt (p. 157). — 102 M. Biitzow (Hotel
de Prusse), a little town with 5900 inhabitants.
From Bijtzow to Rostock, 19 M., railway in V2"V4 ^^- ^^^
line runs first on the right, then on the left bank of the Warnow.
— 9Y2 Schwaan.
19 M. Rostock. — Hotels. *Ro8tocker Hof (P\. c; D, 3), Hopfen-
Markt 11, R. 3-5, B. 1, D. 21/2 ^, with restaurant; FUrst Blilcher (PL d;
D, 3), Bliicher-Str. 24, R. 2-4, B. 1, D. 21/4 JC, with garden and restaurant;
Hotel de Russie (PI. a; D, 3), Neue Markt 9, R. 21/2-4, B. 1, D. 21/2 JC,
with restaurant; Sonne (PI. b; E, 3), Neue Markt 2, R. 1 1/2-4 «^;
Pohley's (PI. f ; D, 3), Stein-Str. 7; Central-Bahnhofs-Hotel (PL g; C, 5),
R. from 11/2 JC.
Restaurants. Railway Restaurant; Winter gai^ten, Breite-Str. 23, D.
1 JC 60 pf.; Kli7igenberg, Friedrich-Franz-Str. 109; Fritz Renter Keller,
in the Sonne Hotel (see above). — Wine Rooms : FUrst Blilcher, see above ;
Ratsweinkeller, D. 2JC; Geccelli, Stein-Str. 16; Evert, Hopfen-Markt 29.
— Automatic Restaurant, Blut-Str. — Cafe Flint, Hopfen-Markt 16.
Theatres. Town Theatr-e (PL E, 4), open in winter only. — Mahn
& OhlericWs Keller (PL A, 2), a place of popular resort.
Post and Telegraph Office (PL D, 3), Wall-Promenade.
Cab from the Central Station to the town 60 pf., trunk 15 pf. ; per
1/2 hr. for 1-2 pers. 75 pf., per hr. I1/2 JC ; between 10 and 11 p.m. 50 pf.
extra, after 11p.m. double fares (minimum l^j^JC). — Tramways through
the principal streets (comp. the Plan).
Steamboat 15-25 times daily in the season to Warnemiinde in 1 hr.
(25 pf.), starting at the ZoUspeicher (PL E, 1). Comp. p. 154.
British Yice- Consul, H. Ohlerich. — Lloyd's Agent, C. C. E.
Lesenburg.
Chief Attractions (3-4hrs.). Bliicher-Platz, Hopfen-Markt, St. Mary's,
Neue Markt, Grosse Wasser-Strasse, Museum of Art, Wall-Promenade, and
Kropelincr-Tor.
Hostocky with 61,000 inhab., once a prominent member of the
Hanseatic League (p. 146), the most important place in Mecklen-
burg, and the seat of a university (over 750 students), lies about
8 M. from the Baltic, on the left bank of the Warnoiv, which is
550 yds. wide, and deep enough for vessels of moderate tonnage to
enter the town. The town still retains a picturesque, mediaeval
appearance. The visitor will observe a number of tasteful Grothic
dwelling-houses, some of which are adorned with coloured bricks
(Grosse Wasser-Str., S. side of Am Schild, Hopfen-Markt 28, etc.).
The central point of the old town is the Neue Markt, which con-
tains the Bathaus (PL E, 3), built in the beginning of the 14th cent. ;
the old Grothic fagade with its seven turrets is concealed by a build-
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 11
154 Route 23. ROSTOCK. From Hamburg
ing which was added iu 1727. Near it, to the X.W., is the Church of
St. Mary iPl. D, 2; open daily, from June 15th to Sept. 15th, 11-1 ;
sacristan, Marieukirch-Platz 8i, crowned by two Romanesque tow-
ers, with an ambulatory of the 13th century. It contains a Roman-
esque font of bronze ^1290), a carved-wood altar (end of the 15th cent.),
and a curious astronomical clock in the late-Renaissance style (1643).
In the quarter to the E. of the Rathaus is the Church of St,
XichoJas (PL F, 3: open as St. Mary's; sacristan, Bei der Nicolai-
kirche 1), of the early 14th cent., restored in 1893; it has a carved
altar (ca. 1470), interesting mural paintings (15th cent.), and a
curious old crucifix. To the S. rises the lofty tower of St. Peter's
Church (PL F, 2: 15th cent.), 433 ft. high. Adjacent is the mon-
ument (PI. 12j of the Reformer Joachim Slilter (d. 153^2).
From the Xeue Markt diverges, to the W., the Blut-Str., con-
tinued by the long Hopfen-Markt (both containing a number of med-
iaeval houses), and leading to the Blticher-Platz (PL C, D, 3). In
this square rises Schadow"s bronze Statue of Blucher (11 4:2-lS19),
who was born in the Bliicher-Str., in the house Xo. 22, marked by
a tablet. The inscription is by G-oethe.
On the left (S.) side of the square are the Grand Ducal Palace
(PL 4; C, 3) and the Church of the Holy Cross (14th cent.), con-
taininff well-executed carved hio^h-altars of the 15th centurv. On
the W. is the Geological & Mineralogical Institute (open free on
Sun. & Wed.. 11-1). Adjoining this on the X. is the University
(PL 14: C, 3), a brick structure in the Renaissance style, built in
1867-70 and adorned with statues and medallion-portraits; the lib-
rary contains 340,000 volumes (open on week-days, 11-1).
The Kropeliner-Str. leads from the Bliicher-Platz to the Kro-
peliner-Tor (PL B, 2i, a brick structure of the 14th cent., with an
addition of 1847.
In the Stein-Str., to the S. of the Xeue Markt, is the Municipal
MusEUii OF Art axd Axtiquities (PL 7, D 4: open free on Sun. &
Wed., 11-1.30: at other times on application to the caretaker, fee),
containing prehistoric antiquities, coins, models, weapons, relics of
Bliicher. furniture, costumes, etc. The picture gallery is on the first
floor. The Stein-Str. ends at the Stein-Tor (PL D,''E, 3), rebuilt
in 1575. Adjoining the gate is the Stdndehaus (PL 12a; D, 3),
erected in 1889-93; outside it is the Town Theatre (PL E, 4).
To the W. of the Stein-Tor is the Promenade , laid out on the
site of the old ramparts, with a bronze statue of Grand Duke
Frederick Francis III. (d. 1897), by Wandschneider.
Small steamers ply twice an hour (5 pf.) from the N. eud of the
Schnickmann-Str. 'PI. "C. D. 1) to Gehlsdorf (restaurant in the ferry-
house), on the right bank of the Warnow, with the lunatic asylum of
GehJsheim. About I1/2 M. farther on is Toitenwinkel, with an interest-
ing old church.
From Rostock to Warnemunde, railway, see p. 163 ; steamer, see p. 153.
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to Stettin. GUSTROW. 23. Route. 155
From Rostock to Wismar , 36 M., railway in 13/4 hr. - 10 M.
Doberan (Logierhaus : Lindenhof ; Erbgrossherzog), on the Baltic, a
pleasant little town (5200 inhab.) with a chalybeate spring. The fine
Gothic * Church was completed in 1588 and restored in 1881-1900. It
contains some interesting tombs, choir-stalls of the 14th cent., a large
ciborium, etc. (adm., 1-4 pers., 1 J^). A steam -tramway runs from the
station through the town to (41/2 M.) the sea-bathing resort of Heiligen-
damm (Kurhaiis, R. 2-10, board 6 JC; Krieg, pens. 5-8 JC ; Scherpeltz ;
Dunker), situated near fine beech-woods. Sea-bath 50-75 pf. ; visitors' tax,
5 JC per week. — 151/2 M. Kropelin (Haase) is the station for the bathing-
resorts of Bninshaupten and Arendsee. — 36 M. Wismcu^ see p. 161.
From Rostock to Greifsvvald (p. 164), 60 M., railway in 4 hrs.
From Rostock to Stralsund, see p. 166; to Berlin via Neu-Strelitz,
see p. 163 ; to Copenhagen, sec Baedeker^ s Norway, Sweden, and Den^nark.
The Mecklenburg Line proceeds from the Biitzow junction in
an easterly direction to (110 M.) Giistrow (Erhgrossherzog, R.
2-3, D. 2^4 t/^; Hotel de B.ussie, both good; Germania, well
spoken of), a town of 17,700 inhab., with an old ducal fSchloss
(1558-70; now a house of correction) and a brick Cathedral of the
13th cent., with ducal and other monuments. The Grothic Parish
Church has a double- winged *Altar Screen of 1522; the wood-
carving is by Jan Rorman of Brussels, and the oil-paintings by the
Flemish court-painter B. van Orley (sacristan, Griinwinkel 37). In
the public gardens is a Memorial Fountain to Brinckman (d. 1870),
the Piatt -Deutsch poet. — Branch -line hence to Karow (p. 156).
I36V2 M. Malchin {Hotel de Russie, R. 21/2-3, B. 21/2 ^#,
very fair), a town with 7200 inhab. and two gates of the 15th cent.,
situated in the plain of the Peene, between the Cummer ower- See
and Malchiner-See. The fiinest points of the pretty environs (the
'Mecklenburg Switzerland') may be visited by carriage in an after-
noon (10-12 ^l). — Branch -line from Malchin to Basedow and
(I71/2 M.) Waren (p. 163).
143 M. Stavenhagen (pop. 3400; Fritz Renter Hotel) is the
birthplace of Fritz Renter (1810-74), the Platt-Deutsch poet. —
164 M. Neu-Brandenburg (Bail. Bestaurant ; Goldene Kugel,
R. 2-4, D. 21/2 ^^; Deutsches Haus), with 11,500 inhab., situated
on the Tollense-See and enclosed by a wall (25 ft. high) and ram-
parts. It has an early-Gothic church (St. Mary's) of the 14th cent,
and four picturesque Gothic gates. To the S. of the station are a sta-
tue of Fritz Beuter (see above), ^War Monument, and, in the Palais-
Str., the Grand Ducal Palace and the Municipal Art Gallery.
Neu-Brandenburg is the junction for the Berlin Nordbahn (to Stral-
sund ; see p. 163) and for Ludwigslust (p. 156).
At (185 M.) Strashurg in der Uckermarh (Preussischer Hof ;
6800 inhab.) we enter Prussia. Branch-lines to Prenzlau (p. 163)
and to Blankensee (p. 163). — 196 M. Pasewalk (p. 163), the
junction of the line from Berlin to Stralsund via Angermiinde.
223 M. Stettin, see p. 345.
11*
156
24. From Hamburg to Berlin.
178 M. Railway in Si^-^Vo l^rs. {express fares 24 JC 70, 15 JC 90,
9 ^ 90 pf. ; ordinary fares tt Jc 70, 13 ^ 90, 8 ^ 90 pf .).
Hamburg, see p. 115. — 10\ ^^I. Bergedorf (EerTi^iohi)^ where
the peasant-women of the Vierlande, wearing a peculiar and pictur-
esque costume, offer fi'uit and flowers for sale, belongs to Hamburg.
The Stadt Hamburg Hotel is an interesting frame-building of 1669.
— 13 M. Reinhek: 15^/2 M. Aumuhle, with a Bismarck tower. —
16^ 2 ^^- Friedrichsruh (Prohlj, with the chateau where Prince
Bismarck died on July 30th, 1898 (no admission). Close by is his
mausoleum (special permission necessary;. — 23 M. Sckwarzenhek.
30 M. Bnchen is the junction of lines to Ltineburg (p. 114)
and to Liibeck.
From Buchex to Lubeck, 30 M., railway in I-IV* lir- — The first
important station is (11 M.) MoUn (Kurhaus: Stadt Hamburg; Ger-
'/naniu), a town and summer-resort of 4500 inhab., with numerous med-
iaeval buildings, pleasantly situated between two lakes. The popular
German jester. Till Eulenspiegel. is said to have died here in 1350, in
proof of which his tombstone (really of the 16th cent.) with an owl
("Eule') and mirror ('Spiegel*) upon it and various personal relics are
shown in the tower of the interesting old Church (restored in 1896-99).
171 2 M. Ratzeburg rBatskeUer, R. 2-21.2. B. 1, D. 2J^; Stadt Ham-
burg. R. 11/2-2 JC; Bail. Restaurantj, a town with 4300 inhab., formerly
a celebrated episcopal see. is charmingly situated on an island between
the Ratzeburger-See and the Kiiohen-See. The handsome late-Romanesque
'^Cathedral, begun about 1173 and completed in the 13th cent., was restored
in 1895. The interior contains several very ancient tombstones, includ-
ing some of the early bishops. The richly decorated pulpit is in the
Renaissance style (1576). To the left of the altar is the so-called Apostle
Cabinet, with a fine stone-relief of the Crucifixion (15th cent.) and a
silver statue of Christ on the top ; the silver figures of the apostles
have vanished and are replaced by silvered porcelain figures after Thor-
valdsen. The font, to the right of the choir, dates from 1440. The
remains of a Romanesque-Gothic Monastery (partially restored in 1898)
may be seen to the X. of the cathedral. The mediaeval mural paintings
in the cloisters have been refreshed. — The visitor should make a trip
by ferry (10 pf .) from the cathedral to the Bdk (inn) : or walk round the
Kiichen-See to (^ ^ hr.) Waldesruh (restaurant : motor-boat daily) and the
(34 hr.) Weinberg (restaurant), and thence back to the (1/4-1/2 hr.) town.
22 M. Sarau; 25 M. Blankensee. — 30 M. Liibeck^ see p. 145.
59 M. Hagenow-Land is the junction for Schwerin and Rostock
(R. 25) and also for Ratzeburg isee above) via Zarrentin.
72 M. Ludwigslust (Hot. de Weimar) is a residence of the
Duke of Mecklenburg -Schwerin, with a chateau (1775) and park.
Pop. 6800.
From Ludwigslust to XEu-BRAyDEXBURCf. 88 M.. railway in 51/2 hrs.
— 16 M. Parchim ^Wall-Hotelj. a small town with 10,400 inhab.. on
the navigable Elde. is the birthplace of the famous Prussian field-marshal
Count Moltke (1800-1891). to whom a monument, by Brunow, was erected
here in 1876. — 38 yi. Karon: fRail. Restaurant). A branch-line runs
hence to Giistrow (p. 155). — 60 M. Waren (p. 163). — 88 M. Neu-Bratide7i-
biirg. see p. 155.
From Ludwigslust to Schuerin, see R. 25.
SCHWERIN. 25. Route. 157
99 M. Wittenberge (Bail. Restaurant, good; Germania,
R. 2-21/2 .///; Hiller, R. Vj.^-2 Jt), an industrial town of 18,500
inhab., on the Elbe, is tlie junction for Magdtibur^ and Leipzig via
Stendal (comp. p. 249), for Liineburg and Buchholz (p. 133), and of
a branch-line via Perleherg to Neu-Strelitz (p. 163).
From (115 M.) Glowen a short branch-line runs to Havelhercj
(Stadt Magdeburg), with a fine Romanesque cathedral of 1170 (in-
terior restored in 1892). Pop. 6000.
At (131 M.) Neustadt (Huth) the Dosse is crossed.
From Neustadt to Wismar , 102 M., branch-railway in 7 hrs. —
71/2 M. Kyritz; 49 M. Plan (Sonntag), on the Plaucr-See; 541/2 M. Karow,
on the Ludwigshist and Neu- Brandenburg line (p. 156). 78 M. Stern-
berg (Hot. de Russie), on the Sternberger- See, alternates with Malchin
(p. 155) as the seat of the Mecklenburg Diet. At (86 M.) Blankenberg we
cross the Liibeck and Stettin railway (p. 153). — 102 M. Wismar (p. 161).
Another branch-line runs to (2IV2 M.) RatTienow (p. 40) and (78 M.)
Treuenhrietzen.
139 M. Friesack (pop. 3000; Rail. Restaurant), with a mon-
ument to Elector Frederick I., by Calandrelli (1894). — 147 M.
Paulinenaue. Light railway to Rathenow (p. 40).
From Paulinenaue to Neu-Ruppin, 171/2 M., railway in 1 hr. — At
(10 M.) Fehrbellin (Deutsches Hans) is a statue, by Schaper (1902), of
the Great Elector, who defeated the Swedes in 1675 near the village of
Hakenberg , 41/2 M. to the S.E. A column, 105 ft. in height, marks the
battlefield. — 171/2 M. Neu-Kuppin (Mdrkischer Hof, R. 2-3 JC; Ki^one),
a town with 18,600 inhab., on the Ruppiner-See, has an abbey-church
of the 13th cent, (restored in 1841) , and statues of Fred. William II.,
of the poet Fontane (d. 1898), and of Schinkel, the architect (1781-1841;
the last two born here).
159 M. Naiien^ with an important wireless telegraph tower
(328 ft. in height). Light railway to Brandenburg, see p. 55. — 1 73 M.
Spandau, see p. 40. The train now crosses the Havel and the Spree.
178 M. Berlin, see p. 1.
25. Prom Berlin to Schwerin and Wismar.
149 M. Railway to (129 M.) Schwerin in 3^/2-5 hrs. (express-fares
18 .^ 20, 11 ^ 90, 7 ^ 40 pf.); thence to (20 M.) Wismar in 3/^^ hr.
(fares 2 ^ 70, 1 c^ 60, 1 ^ 15 pf.).
From Berlin to (106 M.) Ludwigshist, see E. 24.
About 2 M. to the S.E. of (112 M.) Luhlow lies Wobbelin, with
the grave of Theodore Korner (who fell at Rosenberg, p. 161) and
some reminiscences of that poet. — 123 M. Holthusen, junction of
a line to Hagenow (p. 156).
129 M. Schwerin. — Hotels. In the Town : Stern's (PL b ; B, 3),
on the Pfaffenteich, with restaurant, very fair ; Hotel de Paris (PL c ; C, 3),
^ood cuisine. — At the Station: Hotel de Russie (PL d; B, 2), R. 2V2-4,
B. 1, D. 2-21/2 c^, very fair; Niederldndischer Hof (PL e; B, 2), R. 21/2-5,
B. 1, D. 2-4^, well spoken of; Lttisenhof (PL f; B, 2), R. from 21/4,
B. 1, D. 2 JC, well spoken of; Bahnhofs- Hotel (PL g; B, 2), R. 2-21/3,
JB. 1, D. 13/^ j^.
158 P^Oiii€ 2.5. SCHWERIN. Fnrm Berlin
Restaurants. See the above hotels. Also (for (fejeuncr): Cohen,
Konig-Str. 81 : Dimst, ScMoss-Str. 35: Kuchenmeister. Wisraarsche-Str. 57;
Dabclstein, Salz-Str. 4: Klemaun. Bischof-Str. 3 ; Feltmann, Rostockcr-
Str. 55. — WixE Rooms. WohJer. Fischer-Str. 2; Uhle, Schuster-Str. 15:
Havemann , Grosse Moor 5. — Confectioners. Kreff't, corner of the
Schloss-Str. and Konig-Str. ; Goldenbaum, Arseual-Str. 16.
Cabs. 50 pf. per drive: per 1/2 hr. 75 pf., per hour V^I^JC\ box 25 pf.
Electric TRAiiwAYs through the chief streets (comp. Plan).
Steamboats on the Lake of Schwerin several times daily in sum-
mer, starting at the Anna-Str.. near the Museum (PL C, 4). or at the Altc
Garten, by the Burgsee (PL C, 4): to Zippendorf and the Kaninchen-
vrerder 20 pf., to the Ferry 30 pf.
Theatre. Hof-Theater (PL C, 4), in the Alte Garten. — Concert
Gardens: at the Hotel de Paris (p. 157): Pavilion (PL C, 5), in the
Schloss-Garten; Paidshohe. on the road to Zipj^endorf (p. 161).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL B, 3), Kaiser-TTilhelm-Strasse.
Schweriii (125 ft.: accent ou the second syllable), an ancient
settlement of ^Vends, invested with municipal rights in 1161 by
Henry the Lion, and an episcopal see from 1167 to 1648, is now a
well-built town with 41,500 inhab., and the capital of the Grand-
Duchy of Mecklenburg-ScbvN'erin. It is prettily situated on the
Lale of Schicerin (14 M. long, 3\ 2 ^- broad; and several smaller
lakes. From the Bailicay Station f'Pl. H, 2; we proceed by the
Luisen-Platz and the Wihelm-Str. to the Pfafferdeich (PL B, 2),
among the buildings round which the most conspicuous are the
Arsenal (PI. B, 3; with a collection of weapons, etc.; open on week-
days, 11-2), the Amt (PL 7; B, 2j, and the Gymnasium (PL 8; C, 2).
Xear the S. end nf the Pfaffenteich, in the heart of the town,
rises the * Cathedral 'PI. B, C, 3i, a fine brick edifice in the
Baltic style, dating from 1327-1416. The tower, 380 ft. high, was
built in 1889-91. Open free 12.30-2 p.m.; at other times, 1-2 pers.
50 pL, each pers. more 25 pf. ; sacristan, Am Dom 4.
The ^Chapel of the Holy Blood\ at the back of the high-altar, con-
tains tomhs of the grand-ducal family. The stained -glass windows re-
present the Ascension, with figures of apostles and evangelists; those in
the centre were executed from cartoons by Cornelius (p. 159). The N.
side of the ambulatory contains the large marble Monument of Duke
Christophe^r fd. 1592) and his consort. To the right of the above chapel
is a bronze Epitaphium of the Duchess Helena (d. 1524). by Peter Vischer
of Nuremberg. The four curious monumental Brasses. 10 ft. long, are of
Flemish workmanship and date from 1347 and 1375. Excellent organ.
The cloisters, to the X. of the cathedral, contain the Ducal Li-
brary (225,000 vols.).
From the cathedral we cross the market-place (PL B, C, 3 1, with
a bronze Statue of Bismarck (PL 1', by ^"andschneider ^1901),
then traverse the Konig-Str. and the Schloss-Str., at the end of
which, on the right, are the Government Offices (PL 12), built in
1865-67. Beyond them is the Alte Garten (Tl. C, 4), an open space,
with the Court Theatre, a Monument to Grand-Duke Paul
Frederick (PL 2), designed by Ranch (1849;, and a Monument
l^Pl. 5i to the memory of the Mecklenburgers who fell in 1870-71.
vWagner fcDcbea , Le^aij^
to Wismar. SCHWERIN. 25. Route. 159
In tho same square, at tlie corner of the Anna-Str., stands the
*Museum (PL C, 4), erected by AVillebrand in 1882, and enlarged
in 1900. On tlie upper floor is the grand-ducal picture-gallery, with
good examples of the Dutch school of the 1 7th century, and on the
lower floor are the other collections. Director, Dr. Steinmann.
The Picture Gallery is open free on Sun. 11.30-2 and on Tucs.,
Tlmrs., and Sat. 11-2; adm. on other days, 9-11 and 8.30-5, 50 pf. (Mon.
1 JC; bell at tlie top of the staircase). — Catalogue 1 JC. — From the
vestibule we enter —
Room III (lighted from the roof). To the right, 426a. Goijen^ Land-
scape; 9. Aalst, Still-life; 146. Codde , Family concert; lOll! Terhurg,
Domestic scene ; 542. C. Janssens van Ceulcn , Portrait ; *339. G. Dou,
Astronomer; 554. W. Kalf, Still-life; 326. G. Dou, Rembrandt's mother
at the spinning-wheel; *1086. De Vlieger, Shipping; 618. A. de l.orme, In-
terior of the Groote Kerk ; *841, Potter', Tavern; 1006. D. Taniers the
Younger, Landscape; 426b. Goijen, River-scene; 1058. Verboom, Land-
scape; 91. F. Bol, Portrait; *1013. Terbm^gf, Violin-player ; *666. i'Y. i^a?z
Mieris the Elder, Lady at the piano; 910. J. van Ruysdael, Mountain
scene with water; *854, Rembrandt, Old man; 959. P. van Slingeland,
Genre-scene; *327. G. Dou, Rough dentistry; 701. P. Moreelse, Portrait;
1076. H. Sorgh, Old woman in the kitchen ; *1099. Corn. Vroom, River
scene; 661. Mierevelt, W. J. Delff, the engraver; 89. W. Dubois, Evening
scene ; 1046. Wouverman, River-scene ; *444, 445. Franz Hals, Laugh-
ing youths; 341. Karel Fabritius , Sentinel; *1085. De Vlieger, Rough
sea with shipping; 916. W. Kalf, Old woman in the kitchen; *761. A. van
Ostade, Tavern; *837. Potter, Milk-maid; *656. 3Ietsu, The widow's mite ;
459. Heda, Still-life; *842. Potter, Farm; G. Dou, 330. At the dealer's,
928. Genre-scene; 460. Heda, Still-life; 61. Berckheyde, The merry break-
fast; 538. Jan van Huysum , Fruit and flowers; 547a. Jordaens , Birth
of the Red Rose; *974. J. Steen, Love - sickness ; 1012. Terburg, Young
man reading. In the middle. Dinner-set of Berlin porcelain (ca. 1800).
In the recess, 1252a. Paulsen, Grand -Duke Frederick Francis II. — At
the back of this room is Cab. 14, containing Cornelius's coloured car-
toons for the windows in the cathedral (p. 158). Cabs. 13 & 15 contain
cartoons of Mecklenburg princes by Schumacher (17) and Schlopke (1),
which were copied on glass by Gillmeister for the 'Waffenhalle' in the
Palace (p. 161).
Room IV. (lighted from the roof). To the right, 507. Hondecoeter,
Poultry; 1087. H. C. de Vliet, Interior of a church at Delft; 1061, 1062.
Verdoel, Pigs ; 679. Kl. Molenaer, Winter-scene ; 875. Rembrandt, Portrait
of himself; *576. S. Koninck, Joseph before Pharaoh ; 40. L. Bakhuisen,
Rough sea with shipping; 724, 725. A. van der Neer, Moonlight-scenes;
680a. Molenaer, River-scene ; 703. Moreelse, Shepherd-boy. — 555. W. Kalf,
Still-life; 723.^. Van der Neer, Conflagration; %f)h. Rembrandt, ^iudy oi
a head; 333. H. Dubbels, Rough sea; *90. F. Bol, Joseph in prison inter-
preting the dreams of Pharaoh's servants; 36. L. Bakhuysen, Stormy sea
with shipping; Honthorst, 518. Prince Frederick of Orange, 519. Prince
William II. of Orange; 99. Both, Mountain-scene.
Room V (lighted from the roof). Various Schools. To the right, 421.
J. Glauber, Landscape; 662. Mierevelt, Portrait; 1105. J. B. Weenix,
Shepherds on the Campagna ; 748. Master of the Altar of Mary Mag-
delen. Two wings of an altar-piece ; 159. L. Cranach, Emperor Charles V. ;
994. Stengel, Margaret of Austria, Stadholder of the Netherlands ; 510.
Hondecoeter, Poultry-yard ; Wouverman, 1130. Battle-scene, 1129. Gipsy
camp; 567. Knilpfer, Persuit of pleasure ; 55. Bercham, Italian landscape
with ruins; *1051. A. van de Velde , Roman ferry-boat; 1103. J. B.
Weenix, Dutch kitchen; 548. Heda, Breakfast-scene; 839, 840. Potter,
Horses at pasture; *505. Hondecoeter, Poultry; 544. K. dujardin, Monkey
and ass; 1114. A. Van der Werff, Chess-players.
160 Route 25. SCHWERIN". From Berlin
Room VI (lighted from the roof). Italian School. 96. Borgognone,
Madonna ; 1058. Venetian Master of the 14th Century, Descent of the Holy
G-host ; 419. Liica Giordano, Feeding of the five thousand ; no number,
Rihera, Boy with his patron-saints; 94. 3Ioretto, Xun ; 877. Tintoretto,
Portrait: 325a. Dosso Dossi , Concert; 876. Tintoretto, Admiral Sebas-
tiano Yeniero ; 125. Paolo Veronese, Portrait; 152 A. Francesco Francia,
Madonna and Child , with St. Francis; SIS. Tintoretto , Portrait; 930.
GiuUo Romano, Holy Family; 420. Luca Giordano, Wedding at Cana
of Galilee; 124. Veronese, Venetian lady; *54. Canaletto , Approach to
the Doge's palace; no number, Vmhrian-Florentine Master {IbOi.), Pieta,
with SS. John and Paul; 53. Canaletto, Court of an Italian palace; 639.
P. de Matteis, Madonna; no number, TJnknoien Master, Apotheosis of a
saint; Guido Reni, 861. Mary Magdalen. 863. Lucretia. — The sculpture
in this room includes an ancient bust of Homer , an ancient herma of
an unknown person, and two clay models by Bernini (Time unveiling
Truth; Venus finding the dead Adonis).
We now return through R. V. to Cabixet VIII. *833. J. Molenaer,
Boors. ^- Adjacent, to the left, is the Collection of Coins. — Cabinet VII.
1013a. Terburg. Portrait; 732^ C. Netscher, The black-sealed letter; 668.
W. van Mieris. Candaules and Gvges : 34. Avercamp. Ice-scene.
Room II (lighted from the roof). ' Dutch School. 88. Boel, Spoils of
the chase; 613. D. van der Lisse, Lot and his daughters; 1005. Teniers
the Younger, Daniel in the den of lions ; J. Brueghel, 118. Fish-market,
119. Windmills ; 333. H. Dubbels, Rough sea ; 1107. J. Weenix, Dead game ;
1003. Teniers the Younger, Family-scene in the house of the painter;
492. Jan van der Xeer, Moonlight-scene ; A. van de Velde, *1052. St. Je-
rome, 1053. Cattle at a brook: *1010. Teniers the Younger, Tavern; 1001.
Teniers the Elder. Temptation of St. Anthony; 110. P. Bril, Harbour;
*547. Jordaens, Xocturnal apparition; 424. Govaerts, Stag-hunt; 1108.
J, Weenix, Dead game: 451. C. W. de Hamilton, Dead fox.
Room I (lighted from the roof;. French Masters , chiefly pictures
by Oudry (d. 1755\ the animal-painter. Also. 153. Courtois, (^avalrj^-en-
gagemen't; 687-690. Pierre Mangin. Roman gardens; 999. Le Sueur,
St. Paul at Ephesus; 590. Lairesse, Children dancing.
Room VII (lighted from the roof). Modern Pictures and periodical
exhibitions.
We now return through R.I. to Cabinet IV. Various Schools. 413.
Claude Lorrain , Roman landscape. — In the adjoining ante-room are
46 unfinished portraits of the ducal court of 1479, by Bait. Denner. —
Cabinets I-III. Modern pictures, chiefly by Mecklenburg painters.
Lower Floor (entr. below the flight of steps ; adm. Sun. 12-2, Wed.
and Frid. 11-2. free; at other times 1 JC). — The rooms in front and to
the left contain the Museum of Industrial Art and a Collection of
Ecclesiastical Antiquities. To the right is the Collectioii of Casts,
beyond which is the Cabinet of Engr'avings.
The Sunk Floor contains the interesting Collection of National
Antiquities.
The Anna-Strasse (PL C, 4; steamboat - quay) leads from the
Museum to the S.E., along the lake, to the Ducal Stables (PL D,
3, 4; open daily till 3 p.m.).
A bridge adorned with two colossal groups (Obotrites equipping
their chargers) crosses to an island lying between the Schweriner
See and the Burgsee, on which is situated the grand-ducal *Palace
(PL C. 4i. begun in the early-Renaissance style from designs by
Demraler in 1845, and completed by Staler in 1857. It is an
extensive structure, with irregular wings flanked with lofty towers
and encloses a pentagonal courtyard, the whole producing a very
^1 a « -• '
^v\
^>^
ii
^era^Jh-Anstalt von
"Wa-sner irDel>es , leipxi
to Wismar. WISMAR. -'^'5- I^oide. 161
picturesque effect. As early as the 12th cent, a palace of the princes
of Mecklenburg occupied this site. It was rebuilt in the 15th and
16th cent., and parts of this mediaeval edifice have been skilfully
incorporated with the modern palace. Above the portal is an eques-
trian statue of Niclot, the Obotrite chief (d. 1160), by Genschow.
Tlic ^Interior, decorated chiefly by Stiller and Strack, is open on
Sundays and holidays at noon, on week-days at 10, 1, and 5.30 (from
1st Sept. to 31st March at 3) o'clock (tickets, 1 Jt' cacli, to be obtained
from the porter on the left side of the inner portal). The most interesting^
apartments are the Woffejihalle, the Thronsaal, and the Goldene Saal.
The tasteful Gothic Chapel, built in 1560-63, was afterwards restored. —
The Burg-Garten adjoining the Schloss is open to the public on Sun.
morning (at other times with guide obtained at the palace).
The extensive Schloss - Garten (PI. C, 5, 6) is worth visiting.
Near the entrance is an Equestrian Statue of Grand-Duke Fred-
erick Francis 11. , by Brunow (1893). Refreshments at the Pavilion.
*Walk along the bank of the lake to (3 M.) Zijppendorf (steamboat
station; comp. PI. B, C, 6), and on to (1 M.) Milss and (1/2 M.) the Fdhre
(steamboat-station). At (3/4 M. farther) Rahensteinfeld there are several
favourite resorts in the woods bordering the lake. The Pinnower-See lies
1/2 M. from Rahensteinfeld, surrounded by wooded hills. The Kaninchen-
iverder (restaurant; steamboat-station), or rabbits' island, is much visited
(view-tower).
From Schwerin to Rehna, 21 M., railway in 1 hr. — 5 M. Friedrichs-
tal. About 1 M. from the station is the former hunting-lodge of the
same name (Dreyer's Restaurant) ; pretty woodland walks on the banks
of the lake of Neumilhlen. — At Rosenberg, 2 M. to the N.E. of (IO1/2 M.)
Liitzoiv, is an obelisk marking the spot where Theod. Korner fell in 1813
(comp. p. 157). — 15 M. Gadehusch (2400 inhab.), with an interesting
church, 13-15th cent.), Rathaus (1618), and chateau (1571). — 21 M. Rehna.
A branch-line runs from Schwerin to (28V2 ^0 PcLrchim (p. 156).
139 M. Kleinen, junction for Liibeck and Stettin (p. 153).
149 M. Wismar. — Hotels. Stadt Hamburg (PI. a; C, 4),
R. 21/2-5, B. 1, D. 21/2 c^, very fair; Wddekin (PI. d; C, D, 4), R. 2,
D. 13/4 JC; FrilndVs Hotel (PL b; C, 3); Sonne (PI. c; C, 4), R. 2,
D. IV2-2 ^- — Rail. Restaurant; RatskeUer; Fenger ; Alte Schivede (see
below); Altdeutsches Restaurant, in the Koch House (p. 162); Bockel
Wine Rooms. — Post & Telegraph Office (PL C, 5), Mecklenburger
Str. 18. — British Vice-Consul, Heinrich Podcus. — Lloyd's Agent,
R. Nilsso7i.
Wismar, an old Mecklenburg town with 22,000 inhab., once
an important member of the Hanseatic League, possesses many in-
teresting mediaeval buildings and monuments.
In the market-place (PL C, 4), in the middle of the town, are
the Guard House, the ^Alte Schwede' (a house of the 15th cent.;
restaurant), and the Rathaus. The Waterworks in the S.E. corner
date from 1580-1602, the gable of the Wddekin Hotel (see above)
from 1363. — To the S.W. of the market-place are the Archdea-
conry (15th cent.) and St. Mary's Church (PL B, 4; sacristan,
Marien-Kirchhof 5), a brick edifice of the 13-14th cent., with a
brazen font of the 14th cent., a carved altar of the 15th cent., and
the fine brass of Duchess Sophie of Mecklenburg (d. 1504). TheW.
162 P^oide 26. XEU-STKELITZ.
tower is 265 ft. high. — To the S. of the church is the so-called
*Ai.TE SchtjXe (PL B, 4), dating from about 1300 and rebuilt in
1880. It contains a collection of Wismar antiquities (Sun., 12-1.30 ;
at other times on application to Herr Schroder, G-riine-Str. 7). —
The *FuRSTEXHOF (PI. B, 4), formerly a ducal palace, and now the
seat of the district court, is a good specimen of the G-erman Re-
naissance ('1553-4; badly restored in 1879-81). — St. George's
CnrRCH (PI. B, 4; sacristan, Georgen-Kirchhof 16) has a choir of
the 14th and a nave of the 15th century. It contains a fine altar
(ca. 1430), choir-stalls of the 15-16th cent., a pulpit of 1608, and
a bronze font with a carved wooden cover of 1649.
To the N. of the market-place is the Church of St. Nicholas
(PI. C, 3; sacristan. Xicolai-Kirchhof 11), which was begun at the
end of the 14th cent. : the nave was finished in 1459. The exterior
is elaborately decorated, and the interior has some old mural paint-
ings. The Koch House (PI. C, 3; see p. 161) dates from 1569. —
A walk round the town i^j^-l hr.) may be begun at the Linden-
Garten (PL D, 3) and ended at the Baumhaus (PL A, 1; restau-
rant), at the harbour.
A pleasant steamer-excursion (15 pf.) may be made to (21/2 M.) Wen-
dorf (Hotel Ostseebad) ; fine view of the town. — Steamers also ply in
summer daily (except Sun.) to the sea-bathing resorts of Alt-Gaartz,
Arendsee, and Brunshauptcn (p. 155).
From AVismar to Bostock, see p. 155; to Neustadt an der Dosse,
see p. 157.
26. From Berlin to Stralsund.
a. Via Neu- Brandenburg.
137 M. Railway from the Stettin Station (p. 1) in 4-6 hrs. (fares
17 ^ 40 pf.. 11 JC, 7 Ji; express fares 19 JC 40 pf., 13 J^, 8 JC.
Berlin, see p. 1. — The first important station is (18 M.)
Oranienhurg (Eilers;, a town of 10,600 inhab., on the Havel.
The chateau (1650-90) is now a normal school. In front of it is a
statue of Louisa Henrietta fd. 1667), wife of the Great Elector,
by Fr. ^olft' (1858i. — 29 X. Lowenherg.
From Lowexberg to Prexzlau (p. 163). 45 M., railway in 3 hrs.,
via (20V 2 M.) Templin (4900 inhab.) and (311/2 M.) Hasslehen.
From Lowenherg a light railway runs to (231/2 M.) Rheinsberg (Bats-
'keller), with the chateau where Fi-ederick the Great lived when crown-
prince from 1736 to 1740. A statue, by Elster. was erected to him in 1903.
50 ]\I. Furstenherg is the junction of a branch -line to (49 M.)
Eherswalde (p. 344).
62 :\r. Neu-Strelitz rMahncke, R. 2-21.: D. 2 Jl : British
HoteL similar charges: Bail. Restaurant), the capital of the grand-
duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, is a town of 11,700 inhab., pleasantly
situated amid woods on the Zierker-See. The handsome Schloss is
PRENZLAU. 2ff. Route. 163
surrounded by pleasure-grounds. In tlie market-place is a bronze
statue of Grand-Duke George (d. 1860), by A. Wolff (1866).
About 7 M. to the N. (carr. there and back 6-8 JC) is the summer-
chateau of Hohen-Zieritz, where Queen Louisa of Prussia, a princess of
Mecklcnburg-Strelitz, died in 1810.
From Neu-Strclitz a branch-line runs to Wittenberge (p. 157).
From Neu-Strelitz to Rostock and Warnemunde, 82 M., railway
in 21/4-4V4 hrs. The express from Berlin to (13B M.) Bostock via Neu-
Strelitz (4 hrs.; fares 18 c^ 70, 12 t^ 30, 8 J6 10 pf.) affords the shortest
route to Copenhagen. — 22 M. "Waren (Stadt Hamburg, R. 2-3, B. 1 J^,
very fair), a town of 9500 inhab. on the Miiritz, a large lake. — 54 M.
Giistrow, see p. 155. — 74 M. Rostock, see p. 153.
82 M. "Warnemunde (*Berri7iger S Pavilion, R. 11/2-3, B. 11/4, D.
21/2, pens. 5-7 J6; * Sti^alendorf; *Hubner, R. IV2-3V2 «^; Strand-Eotel,
all on the beach; Heldt, Rohn, with restaurant, R. 1V2"^> ^' 2 JC, both
near the beach; Borse and Quittenbaum Restaurants; lodgings 25-60 Ji
per week; visitors' tax 8 JC ; Post Office, Kirch-Platz) is a seaport and
bathing-place with 4200 inhab. (ca. 19,000 visitors) on the Baltic. — Ex-
cursions to the Wilhelmshohe, to the Rostocker Heide, to the Schnater-
mann (by motor-boat), and to Miiritz and Graal (p. 166; by steamer).
From Warnemiinde to Copenhagen, via Gjedser, see Baedeker^ s Norway,
Sweden, and Denmark.
From (72 M.) Blankensee a branch-line runs to (23 M.) Stras-
burg in der Uckermark (p. 155).
841/2 M. Neu- Brandenburg, see p. 155; 93 M. Treptow
(Deutsches Haus), on the Tollense; 110 M. Demmin (Sonne), with
12,500 inhab. and a 14th cent, church; 125 M. Grimmen.
137 M. Stralsundj see p. 164.
b. Via Angermiinde.
150 M. Railway in 4-6 hrs. (fares as in R. 26a). — To Sivinemilnde
(124 M.) in 4-6V4 Jirs- (express fares 17 JC 80, 15 c^ 50, 1 JC 30 pf.) ; to
Herhigsdorf (129 M.) in 41/2-7 hrs. (express fares 18 JC 30, 11 JC 90,
7 .^ 50 pf.).
From Berlin to (45 M.) Angermiinde, see R. 53.
68 M. Prenzlau (Hotel du Nord; Deutsches Haus), on the
Ucker or Uecker, the ancient capital of the Uckermark, with
21,000 inhab., lies at the N. end of the lower Uckersee. The Gothic
Church of St. Mary (13-1 4th cent.) is one of the finest brick struc-
tures in this district. The great E. gable is adorned with elaborate
tracery and mouldings. The Uckermark Museum, in the Witt-Str.,
is open free in summer on Wed. & Sat., 2-4, and on Sun., 11-1. The
Holy Ghost Church now contains a collection of local antiquities.
In the market-place are statues of Emp. William I. (equestrian),
Bismarck, and Moltke, all by Schilling. Three gate -towers of the
15th cent, and part of the town-walls are preserved. — Railway to
Lowenberg, see p. 162.
82 M. Pasewalk (Stuthmann's Hotel), a town on the Ucker,
with 10,500 inhab., is the junction of the lines to Stettin, Schwerin,
and Hamburg (R. 23). — 101 M. Ducherow (to Swinemilnde and
Heringsdorf, see p. 349).
164 Boute 26. GREIFSWALD. From Berlin
108 M. Anklam (X^oldene Traiihe; Sagert's; Deutsches
Haus), with 15,600 inhab., on the Peene, formerly the frontier
between Prussia and Sweden. The town contains quaint old houses,
some relics of its old fortifications {e.g. the Stein-Tor^ of the
15th cent.), and a chiu'ch (St. Mary's) of the 13-1 5th cent., with
a modern tower.
119 M. Ziissow is the junction of a line (11 M.) to Wolgast
(Deutsches Haus), a busy commercial town (8300 inhab.) on the
Peene.
From TTolgast a diligence plies twice daily in summer in II/2 hr. to
(51/2 M.) Zinnowitz (p. 349).
130 M. Greifswald. — Hotels. DeutscJies Haus, R. 2-3, B. 1,
D. 21 2 JC, omn. 50 pf. ; Hotel de Prusse, R. 21/2-^. D- 1V2-3 J^, omn.
50 pf.. very fair: Hot. du Xord : Trauhe. — Rathauskeller ; IhlenfehVs
Restaurant : Raitivay Restaurant : Bartens' Wine Rooms.
Taximeter Cabs per drive. 1-2 pers., 1000 metres 50 pf., each 500 m.
more 10 pf. — Post Office, in the market-place.
The chief points of interest may be visited in 2-3 hrs.
Greifswald, an ancient town (1241) with 23,800 inhab., lies on
the right bank of the navigable Pyck, 2^ 2 ^^- above its mouth in
the Greifswalder Bodden. In the market-place are the Rathaus
and two late-Grothic gabled houses (Xos. 11 & 13). St. Mary's
Church, to the X.E., dates from the 13-14th cent, and contains a
carved wooden pulpit of 1587. The Church of St. Nicholas, also
of the 13-14th cent., has a tower 300 ft. high (view); that of .S'^.
James, of the same period, contains a granite font of the 13th cent-
ury. — The University (900 students) was founded in 1456. Op-
posite is a monument commemorating its 400th anniversary. The
university owns the Croy Tapestry (16th cent.), representing Luther
preaching before the royal families of Saxony andPomerania (shown
only once every 10 years, in June; next exhibition in 1910).
Steamers (10 pf.) ply in summer to Eldena (with a ruined convent
of 1199), at the mouth of the Ryck. — A light railway runs via Eldena
and the bathing resort of (19 ^i.) Lubmin to (30i o M.) Wolgast (see ahove).
From Grreifswald to Triehsees and Rostock, see p. 155. — Steamer
to Rugen, see p. 166.
140 M. Miltzoiv: 144 M. Wustenfelde.
150 M. Stralsiind. — Hotels. Goldener Lozve (PI. b ; C, 3),
R. 2-4. B. 1, D. 13 4-2io.#, verv fair: Hotel Brandenburg (PI. a; B, 4),
R. 2-3, B. 1. D. 2 J^:' Hotel Bismarck (PI. d; B, 3) , with view from
terrace; Konig von Preussen (PI. c; B, 5), R. 2-21/2, B. ^U, D. l^/i .^;
Fahr-Hotel (PL e; D. 3), at the harbour, R. I1/2-2, B. 3/^^.
Restaurants. Wine: Ratsweinkeller : Friederich, Baden -Str. 44;
TT^«7;fcro»a, Heiligegeist-Str. 30. — Beer : Heim, Ossenreyer-Str. 16, D. 2^^;
Schlossbrauhaus. Heilisegeist-Str. 87: Rathausbierkeller , D. I1/4-2 JC.
Sea Baths at Kleinoth's . Strand-Str. (above PL B, 1). — Warm
Baths, Saruow-Str. 5 (PL A1-B2).
Cabs. Drive within the town, 50 pf. (at night 70 pf.). to one of
the surburhs, to the station, or from the station to the harbour 70 pf.
(at night 1 JC) : trunk 20 pf . ; per hr. 2 ^.
Electric Tramways. From the station to the Frankendamm (PL D,
Xleinoth s^Badeanstalt,
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to StraUund. STRALSUND. 2^- Route. 165
5, 6) and from the intersection of the Ossenreyer-Str. and the Hciligen-
geist-Str. (PI. B, 4) to the Knieperdamm (PI. A, 2).
Post and Telegraph Office (PI. 10 ; B, 5), in the Ncue Markt.
Steamboat to Riigen, leaving the landing at the Fahr-Briicke (PI. D, 3)
11/4 M. from the main railway station, see p. 16(). A steam-ferry plies
from the Fithr-Briicke to Altefdhr (p. 167 ; 20 pf .}.
Lloyd's Agent, R. Mintzlaff.
Chief Attractions (4hrs.): St. Mary's Church; St. James's Church ;
Rathaus ; Church of St. Nicholas; Johannis-Kloster ; Knieper-Damm
(PI. A, B, 2).
Stralsund, with 31,800 inhab., lies on the Strelasund, a strait
2 M. wide, which separates Rugen from the mainland and washes
the small fortified island of Ddnholm. The town is entirely sur-
rounded by water, being connected with the mainland by three
moles only. The lofty gabled houses, the towers, and the Gothic
churches of brick resemble those of Rostock and Ltibcck. The forti-
fications have been removed or converted into promenades.
Stralsund was founded about 1209, and soon attained to such pros-
perity that in the 14th cent, it was second in importance, among the
Hanseatic towns on the Baltic, to Liibeck alone. The citizens adopted
the reformed faith at an early period, and were therefore on the side of
Sweden during the Thirty Years' War. In 1628, aided by Danish and
Swedish vessels, they gallantly defended their town against Wallenstcin,
who had sworn to take it, 'though it had been chained to heaven', but
was compelled to abandon the siege after losing 12,000 men. From the
Peace of Westphalia in 1648 until 1815, when it became Prussian, the
town, belonged to Sweden. — In 1809, when the war between France and
Austria broke out. Major Ferdinand von Schlll, a distinguished Prussian
officer of hussars, quitted Berlin with his regiment without the knowledge
of the king, with a view to effect a patriotic rising against the French
in N. Germany. His noble effort met with little response, and he and
his corps were eventually driven back to Stralsund. The town was taken
by storm, and after a heroic defence Schill and most of his corps were
killed in the streets. The spot where Schill fell is indicated by an in-
scription in the pavement of the Fahr-Strasse (PI. C, 3 ; opposite the
house No. 21). His grave is in the N.E. angle of the St. Jilrgen Cemetery,
3/4 M. from the Knieper-Tor (p. 166; to the left of PI. A, 2). Comp. p. 92.
On leaving the Raihvay Station (beyond PI. A, 6), we cross the
Tribseer Damm to (1/2 M.) the Neue Markt (PI. B, 5). The Church
of St. 3Iary, situated here (PI. 6; open daily in summer, 11-12
and 3-4; on Sun., 12-1), erected in 1416-73, is a vast brick struc-
ture with a transept, aisles, and a series of chapels between the fly-
ing buttresses. The tower affords a fine survey of the town and
part of the island of Riigen. (Sacristan, Marien-Str. 10.)
In the Alte Markt (PI. B, C, 3), a fine mediaeval square, stands
the Bathaus (PI. 11), dating partly from the 13th century. The
two rich facades fronting the market, built in the 14th and modern-
ized in the 18th cent., have been restored in the original style.
The large Cottncil Chamber contains portraits of Swedish and Prussian
kings, and Luther at the Diet of Worms, by Jakobs. — The ^Provincial,
Museum of Neu-Vorpommern and Rugen, on tlie upper floor, contains
an important Collection of Prehistoric Antiquities, mediaeval ornaments,
pictures, weapons, coins, guild insignia, and ecclesiastical antiquities
(open daily from May 15th till Sept. 15th, 11-1 ; at other times on appli-
cation to the castellan of the Rathaus, Room 18).
166 Ii^>»te 27. RtaEN.
Beyond the Ratliaus rises the Church of St. Nicholas (PI. 7;
C, 3), a noble edifice begun in 1311, resembling St. Mary's (open
11-1 & 3-4. on Sun. in morning only: sacristan. Xicolai-Kirchhof 2).
The choir has been repainted after the old fashion.
INTERIOR. The high-altar, carved in wood iu the 15th cent.(?) and
restored in 1856. represents the Passion : fine brass of Burgomaster
Hovcner (d. 1357). of Netherlandish workmanship : pulpit of 1637. The
benches are partly of the 16th cent. ; at the entrance to those of the
Kramer, or merchants, is the polite intimation: *Dat ken kramer ist de
bliof da buten, oder ick schla em up de schnuten' (literally, 'He that's
no merchant stay without, else I shall strike him on the snout I').
At Baden-Str. 13 (PI. C, 3, 4) is the Municipal Library^ founded
in 1709 (70.000 vols.). — The old Johannis-Kloster (PL 15; C, 3)
has some featm-es of interest. — St. James's Church (PI. 4, C 4; open
at same times as St. Xicholas; sacristan, Papen-Str. 14) is a Gothic
building of the 14th cent., with nave and aisles of different heights.
The ys. facade is surmounted by a richly-decorated tower. In the
sacristy is some fine carved panelling. — At the W. end of the
Heiligegeist-Str. is the Kilter-Tor (PL A, B, 4; 15th cent.). —
Outside the Knieper-Tor (PL B, 2) rise a Gothic War Monument
fPL 2: B, 3), 52 ft. in height, by Richards (1886), and a statue of
Schill (p. 165), by Glumer (1909).
From Stralsund to Rostock. 46 M.. railway in 21/.2-3 hrs. — From
(12 M.) Velgast a branch (7 M.) diverges for Barth (7350 inhab. ; Sonne,
R. 2 ^4^). whence steamers ply to the seaside-resorts of Zingst and Prerow
in 3 ^ hr. and 2 hrs. (fares 70 pf. and 1 .^ 20 pf.). — 27 M. Kibnitz (Sonne),
with 4700 inhabitants. An omnibus runs twice daily from Ribnitz to (8 M.)
Mirritz (p. 163): and steamers ply daily to Wusirov: and to AJirensko op,
all frequented as sea-bathing resorts. — 46 M. Rostock, see p. 153.
27. The Island of Rugen.
Railway from Stralsund (p. 164), see below. — Steamboats also
ply from Stralsund to Hiddensee. Breege, and Wiek, from Greifswald to
Thiessow, Gohren. Sellin, Binz. and Sassnitz. and from Stettin to Gohren,
Sellin. Binz. and Sassnitz. — Steam Ferry from Stralsund to Altefdhr,
see p. 165.
Rligen, the largest island belonging to Germany (377 sq. M. ; 32 M.
long and 25 M. wide), is separated from the mainland on the S.W. by
the Strelasund (p. 165). The deep bays by which the island is indented
in every direction form a number of peninsulas, connected with it by
narrow strips of land only. The most important of these are Wittovj
Siiid Jasmund on the X. srnd Jlonchgut on the S. side of the island. The
scenery on the E. coast of the island is very picturesque, with its beach-
woods, white cliffs, and blue water. The finest points are Stubhen-
kamnier, Piittbus, and the Jagdschloss. Binz and Sassnitz are the most
frequented bathing-resorts.
The hotels in the most frequented resorts are often crowded in sum-
mer, so that previous application for rooms is advisable.
a. From Stralsund to Sassnitz ^Trellehorg) via Bergen.
Stubbenkammer. Arkona.
32 M. Railway in l^j.^-'^^'u hrs. (fares 4.JC, 2 JibO.lJC Qb pf. ; express-
fares 4 c^ 50. 3 t^, 1 c^ 90 pf.). — Steamboats to Trelleborg (for Copen-
hagen and Stockholm), see Baedeker's Norway, Sweden, and Denmark.
Kilameter
SASSNITZ. 27. Route. 167
The train starts from the principal station ol Sfralsund {p . 164),
and skirts the Frankenvorstadt to (2 M.) Stralsund Harbour.
Hence it is conveyed by a steam-ferry-boat across the Strelasund
to (25 min.) Altefdhr Station, in Riigen. — Altefahv (Kurhaus ;
Hotel Putbus)^ 1 M. from the station, is a small bathing-resort.
From Altcfahr a light railway runs to (22 M.) Putbus (p. Ifi9) in
2 hrs. (fares 2 J^ 10, 1 JC 4.0 pf.), passing (11 M.) Gross- Schoritz (birth-
place of E. M. Arndt; 1769-1860) and (141/2 M.) Garz (Hot. du Nord).
Our line runs towards the N.E.
18 M. Bergen. — Hotels. Ratskeller, R. IV2-2V2) I^- 2 JC, very
fair; Hotel zum Bahnhof; Prinz von Preussen, R. IV2-2, D. IV2 ^;
Goldner Adlei; R. IV2-2, D. 13/^ JC.
Bergen, a town with 4000 inhab., is the official capital of Riigen.
The conspicuous Church with its lofty tower is in the late-Roman-
esque style and dates originally from the 13th cent, but was remod-
elled in 1445 (restored Romanesque paintings in transept; sexton,
50 pf.). — About 2 M. to the E. of the rail, station rises the Ru-
gard (300 ft. ; carr. there and back 3 c/^), crowned by an ancient
intrenchment, and with a tower to the memory of Arndt (see above;
adm. 20 pf.; restaurant). The *View is very extensive and pictur-
esque, especially by evening-light.
From Bergen to Altenkirchen, 24 M. railway in 2i/2-3 hrs. (fares
3 J^, 1 JC Qo pf.). 131/2 M. Wittower Fahre. From (201/2 M.) Wiek
(Schlitt, R. 1 JC) a steamer runs to Stralsund via Hiddensee (see below). —
24 M. Altenk irchen (Nordischev Hof, R. I1/2 ^), a village with 600 inhab.
and a late-Romanesque church, in the porch of which is a relief of the
god Swantewit(?). Arkona (p. 169) lies about 41/2 M. to the N.E.
From Bergen to Ptttbus, see p. 169; to Binz and Gbhren, see p. 169.
To the W. of Riigen lies the narrow island of Hiddensee (11 M.
long; steamer, see above), inhabited by fishermen. The Dornhusch
(216 ft.), at the N. end of the island, affords fine views. It is reached
from the steamboat-station via (41/2 M.) Kloster (inn), with the ruins of
a Cistercian convent (1296), and Tannhausen.
Beyond Bergen the railway crosses the narrow passage between
the Grrosse and Kleine Jasmunder Bodden to (24 M.) Lietzoiv. —
Near (28 M.) Sagard (Fiirstenkrone), to the left, is the Dubber-
worth, the largest tumulus, or 'giant's grave', in Riigen. Lohme
(p. 169) is 51/2 M. to the N.E. (carr. 7 ^). — 31 M. Sassnitz (town).
— 32 M. Sassnitz Harbour.
Sassnitz. — Hotels. In the E. Part of the Town; Hotel Fahrn-
herg, high up near the wood, R. 21/2-5, B. 1, D. 21/2? pens. 6-8 J^; Strand-
Hotel, Hotel am Meer, Seeschloss, these three on the Strand Esplanade ;
Central, R. from 2, D. 13/^ J6: Bristol, R. 2-4, D. 2-3 Ji; Waldesritlie,
1/2 M. to the E.; Kaiserhof, R. 1V2-3 J^; Bottcher, R. 2-4 J^; Slower,
R. 2-4 JC. — In the W. Part of the Town (formerly called Crampas);
Victoria, R. 2-3, pens. 5-71/2 «^; Monopol; Prinz Heinrich von Preussen,
R. 11/2-3, pens. 5-8 JC, all three with view of sea; Geschwister Koch;
Stuhhnitz, R. I-21/2 JC. — Lodgings from 25 JC per week.
Restaurants. Kui^-Restaurant & Miraniare, on the beach, D. 2 JC,
with music pavilion; Bottcher^ s Strand- Pavilion, D. 2 JC; Seeschloss
(see above), D. 13/4-21/0 J6; Hauer, D. 11/^-2 JC; Berg-Schlosschcn. —
Strand-Kojiditorei. on "the beach.
168 Houte 27. STUBBENKA]\niER. I^laM of
Post Office, Post-Str., near the Hotel Fahrnberg. — Visitors' Tax,
50 pf . per day, 5 JC for the season. — Bath 40 pf . ; warm bath 1 JC.
Carriages (with two horses) from the rail, station to the town 1 JC ;
to Stubbenkammer 6 JC, there & back 8 JC (inch stop of 1 hr., each
addit. hr. 1 JC). — Omxibus to Stubbenkammer (I1/4 hr.) 1 JC. — Motor
Boat to Stubbenkammer 75 pf. each, there & back IV4 JC.
Sassnitz, prettily situated at the mouth of a ravine, near the
forest of Stnbnitz, has 1800 permanent inhab. and is annually fre-
quented by 20,000 visitors, whose chief resort is the * Strandweg
or Es^jlanade. The beach is stony.
The most attractive walks are afforded by the beautiful beech-
forest, called the ^Stubnitz, which covers the seaward half of the
peninsula of Jasmund. A favourite point is the (^/4-l hr.) Restau-
rant Waldhalle. which is reached either by road via the "Waldes-
ruhe Hotel ('p. 167) or on foot along the beach and up (12 min.)
past the Wissower Klmken. a series of chalk cliffs. Xumerous
finger-posts.
From Sassnitz to Stubbenkammer, about 8 M. Ton foot 2^ 4 hrs.,
by carr. IV^ hr.. by motor-boat 35 min.). The road ascends past
the Johannis - Kirche and traverses the W. part of the Stubnitz.
From the ^aldhalle (see above) walkers follow the path along the
cliffs, crossing three small ravines and passing the Victoria- Sicht
and the Wilhehn-Sicht (or Kleine Stuhhenkammer). — The land-
ing-place of the motor-boats is about ^ 9 M. from the hotel.
Stubbenkammer (Hot. Stuhhenkammer^ R. 1 1/2-31/2, D. 2^/2,
pens. 6-7 1 o -^^/ tolerable quarters at the Filrstenkrone at Hagen,
2 M. to the S. W. , and at Eiehstadt's in Xipmerow , 2 M. to the
"W.), the finest point in Riigen. situated on the E. coast of the penin-
sula of Jasmund^ is a furrowed chalk cliff, rising almost perpen-
dicularly from the sea to a height of 400 ft. The summit, called the
'^KonigsstuhL commands a beautiful view. To the left is a rugged
precipice of chalk: in the distance the lighthouse of Arkona: to the
right the Kleine Stubbenkammer (see above). Between the Konigs-
stuhl and the Kleine Stubbenkammer a winding path descends be-
tween tall beeches to the (10 min.) foot of the cliffs, of which an
imposing survey is obtained from below.
About 12 min. to the W. of Stubbenkammer, between the Nip-
merow and Sassnitz roads, lies the Hertha-See. a small lake about
200 yds. in diameter, on the X. bank of which rises the He?^thahurg.
a semicircular mound, 50 ft. in height. [At (6 min.) the finger-post
on the Sassnitz road we take the middle, unpaved path to the right,
reaching in 3 min. more another post marked 'G-asthof zur Hertha-
burg\] The tradition which connects the mysterious rites of the
goddess Xertus or Hcrtha (mentioned by Tacitus, Germ. 40) with
this spot is not older than the 17th century. The so-called 'Opfer-
steiu' ('altar of sacrifice') is about 110 yds. from the second of the
above-mentioned finger-posts.
Riigen. PUTBUS. 27. Route. 169
From Stubbenkammer a motor-boat plies in 20 min. to Lolimc (fare
50 pf.)? which walkers may reach in 1 hr. either through tlie wood (views)
or along the beach (road via Nipmerow). Lohme {Strand-IIotel, pens.
41/2-6 t^; Grej/, pens. 4-6 J^; Jenssen, pens. 5-() JC; Visitors' Tax, 3 JC)
is a fishing-village, frequented annually by 3000 sea-bathers. Road to
Sagard, see p. 167.
Arkona is most conveniently reached by steamer (in summer daily,
except Sun. ; from Sassnitz 2, from Stubbenkammer IV2 ^)- We may,
however, also drive across the narrow line of sand-dunes named the
Schaabe (see Map) to Glowe (Strand-Hotel, pens. 4 c^) and Breege {Ostsee,
pens. 41/2-5 JC; Schon), from the latter of which we may follow the
beach (21/2 hrs. ; carr. 6 JC) to Arkona.
The promontory of Arkona (Schilling), the northernmost point of
Riigen, 206 ft. above tlie sea, is crowned with two lighthouses (adm.
30 pf.). The view embraces the coast of Jasmund, the island of Hidden-
see, and the Danish island of Mocn in the distance. Here are the ruins
of an ancient stronghold of the Wends, consisting of a circular intrench-
ment 30-40 ft. high, which contained the temple of their four-headed idol
Swantevit. It was destroyed by the Danes in 1168.
b. From Bergen to Putbus and Lauterbach.
7 M. Railway in 1/0 hr. (fares to Putbus 90, 45, 30 pf . ; to Lauter-
bach 1 JC 15, 55, 45 pf. ; from Stralsund to Putbus 3 t/^ 20, 1 JC 90,
1 .^ 25 pf.).
7 M. Putbus. — Hotels. Fiirstenhof, in the Allee, R. IV2-3V2.
D. 13/4 JC; Bellcvue, in the Circus; Adler, in the Allee, unpretending;
Deutsches Haus, in the market, pens. 4-5 JC. — Restaurants, Kursaal,
in the Allee, with garden; Railway Restaiwant. — Theatre, open July
15th to Sept. 15th.
PutbuSj a cheerful little town witli 2050 inhab., and the resi-
dence of the Prince of Putbus, lies about V/2 M. from the sea. The
town consists chiefly of the Allee- Strasse and the Circus; the latter
is adorned with an obelisk in memory of the foundation of the town
in 1810. — The Palace, in the park, in the late-Renaissance style,
was completed in 1872. In front of it is a marble statue of Prince
Malte (d. 1854), founder of Putbus, by Drake.
The bathing-places are IY2 ^I- distant, at Lauterbach (Hot.
Victoria; farther to the E., Friedrich-Wilhelms-Bad), which is
charmingly situated on the Rugensche Bodden. The island of
Vilm (Witte's Hotel, pens. 5 c/# ; motor-launch there and back 40 pf .)
contains magnificent oaks and beeches.
c. From Putbus to Binz and Gohren.
15 M. Railway in IV2 hr. (fares 1 JC QO, 1 JC 25 pf .) ; to Binz in
40 min. (fares 90, 55 pf.) ; to Jagdschloss in 50 min. (fares 1 J^ 10, 75 pf.);
to Scllin in 1 hr. (fares 1 JC 30, 85 pf.).
Pidbiis , see above. The train runs towards the E. , passing
(31/2 M.) Seelvitz and the SchmachterSee (left).
7 M. Binz. — Hotels. Kurhatis ; Kaiserhof^^.^^k-^.'B.l^U.'D. 2^1^-4:,
pens. ^-12 JC: Seeschloss, R. 3-5, pens. TV^-IO JC; Strand, pens. 6-8V2 ^;
Ostsee-Hotcl ; Potenberg, R. 1V2"2, pens. ^^j^,JC. — Restaurants. Gramni,
D. 11/4-1^/4 cS; Rail. Restaurant. — Visitors' Tax, 4-8 JC. Bath 40 pf.
170 P^oute 27. GOHREX.
Binz, a seaside-resort with a good sandy beach, attracts 18,000
visitors annually. It lies on the "W. side of the Granitz, a beautiful
deer-park enclosed by a lofty fence and has an esplanade and a long
pier. Pretty walks to the Jagdschloss (see below), to the (l^^hr.;
Waldhalle ( restaurant i, to the {^ \ hr.) Cafe Waldwiese, and to
the ^1^ 3 hr.) Forsthaus Prora.
9 M. Jagdschloss: the station lies ^/g M. from the chateau.
The Jagdschloss (or 'shooting -lodge'), situated on an eminence,
contains a collection of antlers. The platform of the tower, to which
a spiral and dizzy staircase of 154 steps ascends, commands a fine
*View (Monchgut). Tickets of admission (20 pf.) are obtained at a
stall opposite the Hotel Granitz.
11 .M. Sellin ("^Filrsf Wilhelm. R. 3-4. pens. ey^^-S^^^;
Strand - Hotel : Ostsee : Wald- Hotel: Ehlert: Visitors' Tax,
4:-10'JC), with two stations, is a pleasant little resort (8000 visitors
annually) with a long pier.
The railway, running to the S.. now enters the rugged penin-
sula of Jlonchgut. where the primitive native customs and peculiar
costume still prevail. — 13 M. Baabe.
15 M. Gohren. — Hotels. Brandenburg, R. 2-3V2, pens. 6-8.^:
Strand. R. 2-3. pens. 5-8 ^€: Xordpeerd. pens, from iJC: Seeschloss, well
spoken of: Borgmeyer : Ostsee-Hotel: BeUeviie : Wald-Hotel : Wendt,
Linde. both moderate. — Visitors' Tax, 5 JC. Bath 30 pf.
Gohren is situated on a narrow ridge, on the X. side of which
is the bathing -beach f 10. 000 visitors^. Good views are obtained
fi'om the Xordpeerd (200 ft.; E. extremity of Monchgut) and the
Plansherg (i ^ hr. to the ^.).'
Thiessoir :Strand-H6tel : Monehgut ; ^^stpfahl : Visitors* Tax, r^lc^-^JC)\
is a little bathing-resort at the S. extremity of Monchgut, 51/2^- to the'
S. of G-ohren. Daily steamer to Greifswald (p. 164).
III. CENTRAL GERMANY.
Route Page
28. From Berlin to Dresden 173
a. Via Zossen 173
b. Via Jiiterbog and Roderau 174
Abbey of Ziiina 171
29. Dresden 175
a. Briihl Terrace, Theatre, and Royal Palace, 182. —
b. Picture Gallery and Z winger, 186. — c. Old Town
with the Museum Johanneum and the Albertinum, 199.
— d. Suburbs on the Left Bank, 204. — e. Right bank
of the Elbe, 206. — f. Environs of Dresden, 208.
30. Saxon Switzerland 209
a. From Dresden to Bodenbach (Prague, Vienna) and
Tetschen by Railway 209
Lockvrit.zer Grrund 210
From Pirna to Grottleuba 210
Lilienstein. Pfaffenstein. Bielagrund. Sclmeeberg.
Tyssaer Wande 210, 211
b. From Dresden to Bodenbach by Steamer 212
c. From Schandau to Bautzen 213
FromSebnitz toHinter-Hermsdorf '; to theHochbusch 213, 214
d. From Wehlen to Scbandau via the Bastei 214
Uttewaldcr Grund, 214. Environs of Schandau. . . 217
e. From Schandau via the Prebischtor and the Ed-
mundsklamm to Herrnskretschen 217
f. From Schandau to Dittersbach via Hinter-Herms-
dorf ' 219
From Dittersbach to Herrnskretschen 221
31. From Dresden to Reichenbach via Chemnitz and
Zwickau 221
From Chemnitz to Leipzig. — From Glauchau to
Gossnitz 225
32. The Erzgebirge 226
a. From Dresden to Teplitz 227
b. From Freiberg to Brux 228
c. From Chemnitz to Komotau via Reitzenhain . . . 228
d. From Chemnitz to Komotau via Annaberg .... 229
e. From Zwickau to Johanngeorgenstadt (Carlsbad) 231
f. From Chemnitz to Adorf 231
33. From Dresden to Leipzig 232
a. Via Riesa 232
From Riesa to Chemnitz and to Freiberg 233
b. Via Meissen ; 233
From Grossbothen to Glauchau. Wechselburg . . . 236
34. Leipzig 237
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 12
172 CENTRAL GERMANY.
Route
Page
35.
From Berlin to (Halle and; Leipzig
246
36.
From Hamburg to Leipzig via Magdeburg
249
a. Via 3Iagdeburg, Cothen, and Halle
249
From Schonebeck to Stassfurt and Giisten
249
From Cothen to Aschersleben
250
From Halle to Cottbus and Guben
252
b. Via Magdeburg, Zerbst, and Bitterfeld
253
From Dessau to Worlitz ; to Cothen 256, 257 |
37.
From Leipzig to Hof (Nuremberg, Ratisbon, Municli)
or E^er
257
Greiz. 258. — Schleiz. Hirschberg
259
38.
From Leipzig to Hocbstadt via Gera and Saalfeld .
260
From Gera to Gossnitz and to TVeischlitz
261
From Triptis to Marxgriin. Lobenstein
261
39.
From Leipzig to Bebra (Frankfort on the Main) and
Cassel. Thuriugian Railway
262
262
Battlefields of Rossbach and Liitzen. Merseburg. .
From Xaumburg to Artern
263
From Gross-Heringen to Straussfurt
264
40.
From Xaumburg to Jena and Saalfeld
268
41.
Environs and Battlefield of Jena
270
271
271
276
Environs of Rudolstadt
Weimar
Tiefurt. Ettersburg
From Weimar to Blankenhain, to Gera. and to
42.
43.
44.
Rastenbera
276
277
279
283
Gotba
Eisenacb and Environs
From Eisenacb to Coburg and Licbtenfels
From Salzungen to Kalten-Xordheim
283
From Wernshausen to Zella-St-Blasii. Landsberg .
283
Grosse Dolmar. From Meiningen to Kissingen and
Schweinfurt. Romhild
284
From Hildhurghausen to Lindenau-Friedrichshall . .
285
From Immelborn to Liebenstein
285
From Liebenstein to Altenstein. From Altenstein
45.
to Ruhla
286
286
Coburg
From Coburg to Rodaeh and to Lauscha
289
46.
The Thuriugian Forest
289
a. Schwarzburg and the Yallev of the Schwarza . .
290
b. From Xeu-Dietendorf to Saalfeld
292
c. From Xeu-Dietendorf to Ritschenhausen. Oberhof
293
d. From Plane to Hmenau and Themar. The Schmiicke
295
e. From Gotha to Grafenroda via Georgental
iFriedrichroda.
298
f. From Frottstedt to Friedrichroda and Georgen-
tal. Inselsbero"
299
302
g. From Wutha to Ruhla
\
CENTRAL OERMANY. 173
Route Page
47. From Berlin or Halle to Cassel via Nordhausen . . . 303
From Sangcrhausen to Erfurt 304
The Kyflfhiiuser. Rotenburg. Frankenhausen . . . 305
From Leinefelde to Wulften and to Gotha 306
48. From Brunswick to Nordhausen and Erfurt via
BOrssum (Harzburg, Goslar) 307
From Borssum to Harzburg 308
From Scharzfeld to Lautcrborg and St. Andreas])crg 308
From Walkcnried to Braunlage. The Stoberhai . . 309
49. From Halle (Leipzig) to Seesen via Ascherslebcn
and Goslar (Hildesheim^ Hanover) 310
From Halberstadt to Magdeburg and to Blankenburg 311
50. The Harz Mountains 312
I. The Eastern Harz Mts 313
a. Quedlinburg 313
b. Selke-Tal. Gernrode. Suderode. Lauenburg.
Magdesprung. Alexisbad.YiktorshOhe. Hassel-
felde 314
c. Bode-Tal. Rosstrappe. Hexentanzplatz. Trese-
burg. Railway from Thale to Blankenburg . 317
d. Blankenburg. Riibeland. Elbingerode. Tanne.
Braunlage 320
e. Stolberg. Joscphshohe. Neustadt 321
11. The Western Harz 322
f. Goslar. Hahnenklee. Oker-Tal 322
g. Harzburg. Ilsenburg. Wernigerode 325
h. From Wernigerode to Nordhausen 329
i. The Brocken 330
j. Claustal. St. Andreasberg. Grund 332
51. From Cassel to Frankfort on the Main 333
From Wabern to Fritzlar and Wildungen 333
From Marburg to Creuztal 336
From Giessen to Fulda and to Gelnhausen 337
52. From Gottingen to Bebra and Frankfort on the Main 338
The Meissner 338
From Niederhone to Leinefelde to Eisenach, and to
Treysa 338, 339
From Fulda to Gersf eld and to Tann. The Rhon-Gebirge 340
28. Prom Berlin to Dresden.
a. Via ZossEx.
112 M. Express in 3 hrs. (fares 16 JC 20, 10 ^50, Q JC 60 pf .) ; ordin-
ary trains in 41/2 hrs. (fares 14 c^ 20, S JC 50, 5 ,^ 60 pf.).
Berlin J see p. 1. Departure from the Anhalt Station. — Un-
important stations. 20^2 ^- Zossen is also connected with Berlin
by a military railway, running parallel with ours and going on to
12*
174 J^oute 28. jnTERBOG.
(44 M.) Jiiterbog (see below). — 46 \ 2 M. Uckro^ 5 M. (light rail-
way) from Luckaii (Goldener Ring), witli 4200 inhab., and a church
containing a Limoges reliquary of the 13th century. — At (64 M.)
Dohrilugk-Kirchhain (with an old Cistercian convent-church) the
train crosses the Halle-Cottbus-Guben line (p. 252), and at (76 M.)
Elstericerda the Kohlfurt-Rosslau line (p. 373). A branch-line
also runs from Elsterwerda to Riesa (p. 233). — 88 M. Gy^ossenhain
(Hotel de Saxe), with 12,000 inhab. and important cloth-factories,
the junction for Frankfort on the Oder (p. 370) and Priestewitz
(p. 232.. — 97 M. Weinbohla: 105 M. Badebeul (p. 232). —
109 M. Dresden tp. 175), Xeustadt Station; the trains go on to
the ^112 M.) Central Station ^p. 175).
b. Via JuTERBOG AXD RoDERAU.
119 M. Express in 21/0 hrs. ; ordinary trains in 5 hrs. (fares as above).
Berlin^ see p. 1. Departure from the Anhalt Station. — At
(5^2 ^^0 Gross -Lichterf eld e the extensive red buildings of the
Cadet School (p. 25) are conspicuous to the right. 11 M. Gross-
Beeren^ where, on 23rd Aug., 1813, the Prussians under Billow
defeated a French corps under Oudinot. 31 M. Luckenwalde
(22,300 inhab.). — 36V 0 31. GrVma.
The Cistercian abbey of Zinna, l M. to the E., was founded in 1170
and secularized in 1547. The church, a handsome granite edifice dating
from early in the 13th cent, (key at the 'Yogtei'). contains brick vaulting
of the 15th cent, and some old stained glass and wood-carvings. The
secular buildings of the abbey are interesting; the larger dates from the
15th. the smaller from the 14th century. The village of Zinna (1400 in-
hab.; Schwarzer Adler) was founded in 1764-77 by Frederick the Great,
whose statue adorns the market-place.
39V., M. Jiiterbog (Herold; Bergschmidt) , an old town of
7100 iniiab., 1^ ^ 31. to the E. (tramway). The Church of St.
2\icholas (sacristan, 31ittel-Str. 27) dates from the 15th cent., while
the towers were finished in the 16th cent, (chimes). The interior
contains a ciborium of the 16th cent., some ceiling-paintings (Old
Sacristy), and the so-called 'Tetzelkasten'. The Bafhaus (15-1 6th
cent.") contains a room with handsome star-vaulting. The Abbot's
House, which formerly belonged to the abbey of Zinna (see above),
the Tetzel Chapel, and the three old gates of the town also merit
inspection. The line to Halle and Leipzig diverges here (R. 35).
Denneicitz. 2 M. to the S.^V. of Juterbog. was the scene of a victory
gain^ by the Prussians under Bulow. on 6th Sept., 1813, over the French
under Xey and Oudinot. — Military Railway to Berlin, see p. 173.
69V 2 M. Falkenberg (p. 253); 88 31. Boderau (line to Riesa,
see p. 233). From (90V'2 31.) Langenberg to (119 31.) Dresden
(Central Station^ this line is identical with that from Leipzig (R.
33 a).
■?1
'->,^
<3>^
ifet;
I ' , J)rescJierhuuser W.
^rt^^
1 ■•^■'
t ?." su
'CT^i' t? W % J)'f\\ ^'' '"/ j^
' 7 lie P '^. kV-Ui\\\'-^ 5 /
1 ~ , A
1 Pi-iJirn, V.
'<^\
AniienTiiitdli
^^
-: 4'--
Tt-oEriph-Aiu t 1 iWagner ABebesLepta^ I
175
29. Dresden.
Arrival. Cab-tiokuts arc issued at the stations, as at Berlin (p. 1).
Cab into the town from any of tlio stations, see pp. 177, 178. Tramway
between tlic Ncustadt and Central stations (Nos. 10 and 26, see p. 178).
There are four railway-stations in Dresden proper, besides several
suburban stations: 1. Centkal Station (PI. I), 7, /; ^Restaurant), for the
trains to Berlin, Leipzig, tlie Saxon Switzerland, Bodenbach, and Prague
(upper platform), and for Tharandt, Freiberg, Chemnitz, Gorlitz, and Brcslau
(lower platform). 2. Wettinek Stkasse Station (PI. C, 5; /) for the
loop-line connecting the Central Station with the Ncustadt Station.
3. Friedrichstadt Station (PI. B, 5; /), for local trains. 4. Neustadt
Station (PI. E, 3, /; *Restaurant) , for Lcipsic, Berlin, Gorlitz, and
Breslau. The first three arc in the Altstadt, the last in the Neustadt. —
Steamers, see p. 178.
Hotels (none of them with omnibuses at the station). In the Alt-
stadt: *Sendig's E^uropaischer Hof (PI. a, D 7 ; //), at the corner of the
Prager-Str. and Sidonien-Str., with winter-garden, etc., R. 3Vo-10, B. IV2,
D. (1.30 p. m.) 41/2, pens, from 9 J^; *Savoy Hotel (PI. b, I) 8 ; /), Se-
dan-Str. 7, R. 3-10, B. V/o, D. 41/2, pens, from 9^, with garden, baths, etc.;
*Grand Union (PI. c, D 7 ; /), Bismarck-Platz 2, R. 3-8, B. Vj^, D. 4,
pens, from 71/2 ^; *Kaiser Wilhelm (PL e, D 7; II), Wiener-Str. 3,
with garden, R. 21/0-6, B. IV4, D. 31/2 ^ pens, from 8 JC ; * Continental,
(PI. f, D 7; 7), Bismarck-Str. 16, with garden, R. 3V2-IO, B. VU, D. 3-5,
pens. 7-15 JC; *New York (PL u, D 7 ; II), Prager-Str. 47, R. 3-7,
D. 3-4 J^; *Bristol (PL d, D8; /), Bismarck-Platz 5, R. 21/2-8, B. 1,
D. 3, pens. 7-12 t^; Westminster, Bcrnhard-Str. 1, R. 3-6c^. — Hartig's
Carlton Hotel, Bismarck-Platz 1 (PL D, 7, 8; I), R. 21/2-8, B. 1, D. 2-3,
pens. 6-8 J^: Monopol, Wicner-Platz 9 (PL D, 7; //), R. 21/3-5 J^ ;
Terminus, Wiener-Platz 8, R. 2-6 JC; Central-Hotel (PL t, D 7 ; //),
Wiener-Platz 10, with garden-restaurant; Horitzsch (PL i, D 7; 7), Bis-
marck-Str. 14, R. 21/2-5, D. 13/^-21/2 c^; these all near the Central Station.
— Bellevue (PL g, D, E, 5; 77), Theater-Platz 1, beautifully situated
on the Elbe, first-class, R. 4-10, B. I1/2, D. (1 p. m.) 5 ^, with garden.
— *Weber's (PL h, D 5; 77), Ostra-Allee 1, close to the Zwinger, R.
3-6, B. 11/4, D. 3, pens. 7-10 JC; Hot. du Nord (PL m, D 7; 77), Mos-
czinsky-Str. 1, at the corner of the Prager-Str., R. 3-7, B. 1, D. 3, pens,
from 71/2 cS, with garden; *Stadt Gotha (PL n, E 5; 77), Schloss-
Strasse 11, R. 21/3-51/2, B. 1, pens. 71/2-IO JC; *Goldener Engel (PL s,
D6; 77), Wilsdrulfer-Str. 7, R. 2-4, B. 1, D. 23/^-3, pens. 6-9 Ji; Stadt
Berlin (PL k, E 5; 77), Neumarkt 1; Stadt Rom (PL 1, E 6; 77),
Neumarkt 10; Drei Raben (PL D, 6; 77), Marien-Str. 18, R. 21/2-5 JC;
Deutsches Haus, Scheffel-Str. 4 (PL D, 6; 77), R. 2-3, D. 21/4 JC;
Imperial, Konig-Johann-Str. 12 (PL E, 6; 77); Hot. de France. Wils-
druffcr-Str. 15 (PL D, 6; 77), R. 2-41/2, B. 1, D. 13/^-3 c^, good; Hohen-
zoLLERN-HoF, Bicitc-Str. 5 (PL D, 6; 77), R. from 2, D. 21/3 JC; Kur-
landerHaus, Dippoldiswaldcr-Platz 2 (PL D, 6; 77), R. I1/2-3, D. I'^UJC,
B. 85 pf. ; Hot. Wettin, Wettiner-Str., at the corner of the Post-Platz,
R. 21/4-31/2 JC; Deutscher Herold, Sophien-Str. 2, these two near the
Zwinger (PL D, 5 ; 77) ; Palmengarten, Pirnaische-Str. 29 (PL E, F, 6 ; 77),
R. 2-3, B. 3/4, D. 11/4 c^; Hotel Edelweiss, Wettiner-Str. 2 (PL C, D, 5 ; 77),
R. 11/2-23/4 ^; Amalienhof, Amalien-Str. 24 (PL E, F, 6: 77), R. l^/.^S JC;
Angermann's Hotel Garni, Pillnitzcr-Str. 54 (Pl.F, 5, 6; 77), R. l^U-^^I^JC,
good; Haubold's Hotel Garni, Jiidcnhof 1 (PL E, 5; 77), R. from 2JC;
Mahrholdt's Hotel Garni, Maximilians-Ring 27, at the corner of Moritz-
Str. (PL E, 6; 77), R. I1/2-3 JC. — Hospice for Women, Liittichau-Str. 10
(PLE, 7; 77), R. I1/2-2 ^.
In the Neustadt: *Kronprinz (PL o, E4; 77), Haupt-Str. 5, R. from 2,
B. 1, D. 3, pens, from ioJC; Kaiserhof & Stadt Wien (PL p, E 5; 77),
176 lioute 29. DHESDEN. Practical
hy the Augustus Bridge, R. 2-7. B. 1. D. 2-S JC, well spoken of. —
Hotel Royal (PI. q. E 3: I), Anton-Str. 33; Neustadter Hof, Auton-
Str. 25. R. 2-3. B. 3 4, D. 11/4^, these two opposite the Neustadt Station;
Tier Jaheeszeite>' (PI. r. E4; //), in the market-place: Stadt Coburg,
Kaiser-Str. 1 (PI. E. 4: /). near the Xeustadt Station; Drei Goldexe
Palmexzweige. bv the Japanese Palace (PL E. 4; II), R. 1^1^-5, B. s/^.
D. 11 '2 .^. '
Pensions ('Pensionate* ; terms and length of notice should be ar-
ranged in advance). Between the Lsxer City axd the Central Sta-
tion: Ammon-Str. 7 (PL C. D. 6. 7 : //). Blech, 5-8 JC. — Biirgerwiese
(PL E, 7; //): Xo. 18 (groundfloor), Fritzsche, 4-8 JC; (second floor),
Seldel, 4-6 JC. — Christian-Str. 31 (PL D. E. 7 ; II) ; Kuhlemann. 4V.>-7 JC. —
Johann-aeorgen-Allee 35 (PL E, F, 6, 7 ; II). 5-8 JC. — Kohlschiitter-Str. 3
Tl. D, 7; //), Villa LUderitz, 41/2-IO c^. — Liittichau-Str. (PL E, 7; //) :
Xo. 13, Donath, 41/2-7 JC : Xo. 24, Simon, 4^1 JC; Xo. 26, Unity, 41/2-" JC;
Xo. 28. KotTie. 4-5i/o JC : Xo. 3i, Villa Gori. 41/2-61/2 -^- — Portikus-
Str. 12 (PL E, 7: //), Jlehring, l-l JC. — Prager-Str. 58 (PL D, 7: II).
Jleincl^e, 4i'o-9 J. — Rackuitz-Str. (PL D. E. 7 ; II) : Xo. 6. Fricke, 4-6 JC;
Xo. 9, Kosinska, S'^ 2-^'^ ■■> ^ • Xo. 15. 3Iiss Martin, o-SJC; Xo. 22,' Gdde,
4-7 .«. — Sidonieu-Str. 5"(P1. D. 7; //), lira. hv.^-i^JC. — To the South
OF THE Central Station: Bendemann-Str. (PL D, 8; J): Xo. 3, Villa
Xora. 5-7 JC: Xo. 11. Von Briesen, 5-10 JC. — Berg-Str. (PL D, 7, 8; /) :
Xo. 23. Mecklenburg, 4i .,-7 JC: Xo. 33. Baumann-Riesel, 5-1 JC. —
Bismarck-Platz 16 (PL D. 7, 8;'/}. Bipherger, 5-S JC. — Hettner-Str. 8,
Mrs. Keyser. 5V2-9 ^^- — Lindenau-Platz 4 (PL E, 8 : I), Schadeivell, 5-7 JC.
— Lindenau-Str. 16 (PL D. 8; /). Kersting, 41/0-8 JC. — Xurnberger-Platz
(PL C. D, 8: I): Xo. 3, Le Biche. 5-8 JC: Xo. 5, Petereit, 5-8 JC. —
Reichenbach-Str. 22 (PL D, E. 8; J), Opel-Otlntz. 41/2-7 JC. — Reichs-Str.
(PL D. 8; I): Xo. 1, Gornemann, 5-9 .S : Xo. 4. Edehnann. 5-8 .4C; Xo. 9,
Kinze. 4io-8^; Xo. 13. Becker- Opitz. 5-% JC; Xo. 14, Bockmann, 5-1 JC:
Xo. 26. Von Oertzen. 5-10 JC. — Schnorr-Str. la (PL D, E, 8; /). Budeloff,
4-6 ..^. — Sedan-Str. 25 (PL D. 8 : I). Looss. — Strehlener-Str. 3, Mrs. Todd,
4-6 .^. — Uhland-Str. 15 (PL E. 8 : /). Hflbler, 51/2-8 JC. — In the Xeustadt :
Hospital-Str. 13 (PL F. 4; /). Busche, 4.-1 JC.
"Wine Restaurants. In the Altstadt: ■^Eiiropdischer Hof (p. 175);
Belvedere, on the Briihl Terrace (p. 182), D. (12.30-6) 4 JC; ^Englischer
Garten. Waisenhaus-Str. 29 (PL D, E, 6; //), D. 31/2 JC; "^ Stadt Gotha,
(p. 175). D.SJC: Tiedemann & Grahl. See-Str. 9 (PL E, 6; //), D. 2-3 JC;
Malepartus. Moritz-Str. 21 (PL D. 6: 11), D. 2-3 JC.: '^Grell. Zahnsgasse 2
(PL D. 6: //). D. 13 4-23/^^; Kaiser-Palast. Amalien-Str. 1 (P1.E,F,6; //),
D. 2-3 c*:.- Neues Palais de Saxe. Xeumarkt 9 (PL E, 5; //), D. 21/.2 JC ;
*Schonrock's Xachfolger, Wilsdrufifer-Str. 14 (PL D, E, 6; //). D. 1^/2 JC.
In the Xeustadt: Kronprinz (p. 175). — TVine and Luncheon Rooms.
Kunath. WaU-Str. 8 (PL D, 6: //) ; Boning. Johann-Georgen-Allee 17
(PL E, F. 6. 7: II): Anton, An der Frauenkirche 1 (PL E, 5; //) ;
Bodega. Waisenhaus-Str. 14 (PL D. E. 6: //), first floor; Marchi, See-
Str. 13 (PL E. 6; //), Italian wine.
Beer Restaurants. In the Altstadt: '^Stadt Gotha (p. 175), D.
11 2 ^^: Kneist. Grosse Briidergasse 2 (PL D, E, 5; //), good cooking;
Kaiser-Palast (see above), D. I1/4-13/4 JC; Drei Baben (p. 175), with
garden. D. li/o JC. good; Hotel de France (p. 175), much frequented;
Viktoria-Haus. Friedrichs-Ring. at the corner of the See-Str. (PL E, 6; II);
Geu.-erbehaus .' Ostrsi-AUee 13 (PL D. 5: II), near the Zwinger (comp.
p. 178); Angermann (p. 175). well spoken ot; Helbig ('Italian Village'),
bv the Augustus Bridge (PI. E. 5: //). much frequented for the view;
Zacherlbrdu, Konig-Johann-Str. 8 (PL E. 6: II). D. VJ^JC, well spoken of;
Loicenbrdu. Moritz-Str. lb (PL E, 6; //), D. I1/4 JC, well spoken of;
Franziskaner. Xeumarkt 10 (P1.E,5: //), at the corner of Moritz-Str.;
PUsener Bierhalle. Grosse Kirchgasse 6 (PL E, 6; //); Amtshof, Sachsen-
Platz 2 (PL F, G, 5; II); Bilrger-Kasino, Grosse Briidergasse 25 (PL D,
Notes. DRESDEN. 25. Route. 177
E, 5; //); StadtwaldschldHSChen, Sophicn-Str. 1, cor. of the Post-Platz
(PI. D, 5, 6; II). — In the Neustadt: Wiener Garten, at the Hot. Kaiserhof
(p. 175); Dienhold's, Bautzener-Str. 45 (PI. F, G, 4; /), D. 11/4-1^/4 -^,
well spoken of.
Automatic Restaurants : See-Str. 7 (PL E, 6; //) ; Wilsdruffer-Str. 25
(PI. D, E, 6; //); Prager-Str. 33.
Caf6s and Confectioners. In the Altstadt: Belvedere (p. 183);
Central Station Cafe, Bismarck-Str. 3 (PL D, 7; /); Kaiser-Cafe, Wiener
Platz 1 (PL D, 7; /); Limberg, Pragcr-Str. 10 (PL D, 6, 7; //) ; Hiilfert,
Prager-Str. 48 ; Central Theatre Caf6, Waisenhaus-Str. 8 (PL D, E, 6; //) ;
Residenz, Konig-Johann-Str. 2 b (PI. E, 6; //) ; Konig, Johannes-Ring 14
(PL D, E, 6; //); Kreutzkamm, Altmarkt 14 (PL E, 6; //) ; Central,
Schloss-Str. 2 (PL E, 5, 6; //) ; Gohring, Schloss-Str. 19 (PL E, 5, 6; //).
— In the Neustadt: Pollender, Haupt-Str. 27 (PL E, 4; //); Moltke,
Augustus-Brucke 2 (PL E, 5; //); Albert, Albert-Platz 8 (PL E, F, 4; /).
Cabs. Taximeter Cabs (first-class). For 1-2 pers. 70 pf. for 800
metres, 10 pf. for each 400 metres more; 3 pers. 70 pf. per 600 metres,
10 pf. for each 300 metres more; 1-3 pers. with over 56 lbs, of luggage, or
at night (11-7), or outside the inner town, 70 pf. per 400 metres, 10 pf. for
each 200 metres more. — Waiting for 8 min. 70 pf., each 4 min. more
10 pf., per hr. IV2 '^- The fare from the railway-stations is in each
case 10 pf. more. Bridge-toll 10 pf. Luggage under 221/2 lbs. free, under
55 lbs. 25 pf., under 110 lbs. 50 pf. — The charges of the second-class
cabs are somewhat lower. — There are also 3Iotor Cabs.
'^Fiacres\ or carriages with two horses, first 1/2 hr. 2-21/2? each addit.
1/2 hr. IV2 «^- — It is advisable, particularly for the longer excursions
(1st hr. 5, 2nd hr. 4, 3rd hr. 3 JC, each addit. hr. 2 JC) to make a bargain
with the driver beforehand.
Trip 7'ound the Town (3 hrs.). Four-horse vehicles start from the
Theater-Platz at 10 a.m. daily from May 15th to Oct. 15th; fare 3 JC.
Electric Tramways. — 1. Flatten (PL A, B, 9; /) to the Central
Station (PL D, 7 ; /), Georg-Platz (PL E, 6 ; /), Sachsen-Platz (PL F, G, 5 ; I),
Blasewitzer-Str. (PL H, I, 5 ; /), and Blaseivitz (p. 208) or Loschwitz (p. 208 ;
43 or 49 min. ; fares 10-30 pf.). — 2. Friedrich-Str. (PL B, 4; /) to the
Wettiner-Str. Station (PL C, 5 ; /), the Altmarkt (PL E, 6 ; /), Stubel-Platz
(PL F, 6 ; /), Barbarossa-Pla'tz (PL K, 6 ; 7), and Blasewitz (p. 208 ; 37 min. ;
10-20 pf.). — 3. Neustadt Station (PL E, 3 ; /) to the Albert-Brucke (PL
F, 5 ; /) and Barbarossa-Flatz (PL K 6, /; 20-22 min. ; lOpf.). — 4. Neustadt
Station (PL E, 3 ; 7) to the Augustus-Brucke (PL E, 5; I), Post-Platz
(PL D, 5, 6; 7), Ferdinand-Platz (PL E, 6; 7), Schnorr-Str. (PL D, E, 8; 7),
Johann-Georgen-Allee (PL F, E, 7, 6; 7), the Carola-Briicke (PL F, 5; 7),
and the Neustadt Station (45 min. ; 10-15 pf .). — 5. Hecht-Str. (PL F, 1, 2 ; 7)
to Alaun-Platz (PL F, G, 2 ; 7), the Albert-Brucke (PL F, 5 ; 7), Georg-
Platz (PL E, 6 ; 7), Central Station (PL D, 7 ; 7), and Zschertnitz (PL E 10, 7;
40-42 min. ; 10-20 pf.). — 6. Wilder Mann (bey. PL D, 1 ; 7) to the Neustadt
Station (PL E, 3 ; 7), the Marien-Brucke (PL D, 4 ; 7), Ostra-Allee (PL D, 5 ; 7),
Dippoldiswalder-Platz (PL D, 6; 7), Berg-Str. (Pl.D, 7-9; 7), and Racknitz
(PL D 10, 7; 44 min. ; 10-25 pf.). — 7. Wolfnitz or Alt-Cotta (bey. PL
A, 7; 7) to Freiberger- Platz (PL C, 6; 7), Post-Platz (PL D, 5, 6; 7),
the Augustus-Brucke (PL E, 5; I), Albert-Platz (PL E, F, 4; I), and the
Arsenal (PL G 1, 7; 36 or 39 min. ; 10-20 pf.). — 9. Leubnitz-Neuostra (bey.
PL G, H, 10; 7) to the Zoological Gardens (PL F, 8; I), Georg-Platz (PL
E, 6; 7), the Neumarkt (PL E, 5; I), the Augustus-Briicke (PL E, 5; 7),
Albert-Platz (PL E, F, 4; 7), and the Waldschlosschen (PL I 3, 7; 42 min. ;
10-25 pf.). — 11. Neustadt Station (PL E, 3 ; 7) to Albert-Platz (PL E,
F, 4; 7), Waldschlosschen (PL I, 3; 7), Weisser Hirsch (p. 208), Buhlau
and W^eissig (bey. PL N 4, 7; 42 min. ; 10-30 pf .). — 12. Seidnitz (PL L, 9 ; 7)
and Gruna (PL I, 8; 7) to Stubel-Platz (PL F, 6; 7), Johann-Georgen-
Allee (PL F, E, 7, 6; 7), the Carola-Briicke (PL F, 5; 7), the Neustadt
Station (PL E, 3 ; 7), and the St. Pauli Cemetery (bey. Pl.D 1, 7; 47 min. ;
10-25 pf.). — 15. Plauen (Riug-Str.; PL B, 9, 10, 7) to Chemnitzer-Str.
178 lioute 29. DRESDEN. Practical
(PL B, C, 9-7 ; /), Post-Platz (PL D. 5, 6 : 1), the Augustus-Brucke (PL E, 5 ; /)»
Kaiser- Wilhelm-Platz (PL E. 4: /), Leipzieer-Str.. and Mickten (PL A,
B. 1. 2. /; 35 min. : 10-25 pf.). — 16. Gretiadier-Kasenie (PL H, 2; /) to
Albert-Platz (PL E. F, 4 . the Augustus-Brucke (PL E. 5; /), Georg-Platz
(PL E. 6 : /), Central Station (PL D. 7 : /). and Beichenhach-Str. (PL D 8, 1;
34 min.; 10-15 pf.i. — 18. Schloss-Platz (PL E. 5: //) to Sachsen-Platz
(PL F, G. 5; /). Pfotenhauer-Str. (PL G-. H, I, 5, 4; I), Blasewitz (p. 208).
Loschwitz (p. 208). Wachwitz (p. 209), Hosterwitz (pi 212), and Pillniiz
(p. 209: 48 min.: 10-35 pf.). — 19. Cotta fHamburger-Str.'; PL A 4, /)
to the Altmarkt (PL E, 6; I . Pillnitzer-Str. (PL F, G. 6; /), Tolke-
witz (PL X. 8 : /), and Lauheqast [hex. PL X 8, /; 54 min. ; 10-30 pf.). —
21. Tolkewitz (PL X. 8: /) to Amalien-Platz (PL F, 5; /), the Altmarkt
(PL E. 6: /). Cotta. and Cossebaude (bev. PL A 4, /; 67 min. ; 10-25 pf.). —
22. Hainsherg (p. 222) to Lobtau (PL A. 7.8; 1)1 Lobtauer-Str. (PL B,
C. 6. 5: /). Ostra-Ailee (PL D. 5: /), Altmarkt (PL E, 6; /), Stubel-
Piatz (PL F. 6 : 7). Barbarossa-Platz (PL K. 6 : 7), and AUenherger-Str. (PL L,
M. 7, 7; 79 min, : 10-35 pf.). — 23. Geising-Str. (PL I, 7. 8 : I) to Amalien-
Platz (PL F. 5; 7 . Post-Platz (PL D, 5, 6; 7), Stern-Platz (PL C. 6; 7),
Central Station (PL D. 7: 7). Lenne-Str. (PL F, 7: 7), Fursten-Str. (PL
H. 6 : 7). and Pfotenhaiier-Str. (PL I 4, 7; 47 min. ; 10-15 pf.). — 26. Central
Station (PL D. 7 : 7) to Lenne-Str. (PL F. 7 : 7), Holbein-Platz (PL F, 5; 7),
the Albert-Briicke (PL F, 4, 5; 7), the Xeustadt Station (PL E, 3; 7),
the Marien-Briicke (PL D, 4; 7), the Wettiner-Str. Station (PL C, 5; 7),
Ammon-Str. (PL C. D. 6. 7 :' 7). and X\\e'Central Station (42-45 min. : 10 pf .).
Omxibus from the Reiehenbach-Str., past the Central Station, through
Prager-Str.. See-Str., and Schloss-Str. to the Theater-Platz.
Steamboats. 1. Up the River, starting from the foot of the Briihl
Terrace ^Pl. E. 5; 77) in the Altstadt. from the Karl-Str. (PL F, G, 4; 7)
in the Xeustadt, and from Dresden-Johannstadt (PL G, 4; 7). In summer
every i ., hr. in the afternoon to Loschivitz and Blasewitz (fare 35, there
6 back"59 pf.), and to Pillnitz (fare 59 pf., there & back 1 v# 10 pf.).
To WeJilcn, Konigstein. Schandau, etc., see p. 212. — 2. Dowx the
River to Meissen (p. 233; 1 JC 15, 75 pf.) and to JIuhlherg via Biesa
(p. 233: 2 ^€ 25. 1 JC 50 pf.). starting from a pier near the Hotel Bellevue
(Pl.g, D. E. 5: 77).
Post Office, Postamt 1 (PL D. 6; 77), Post-Platz 2, open from
7 (in winter 8; a.m. to 8 p.m.. on Sun. and holidays 7 (8) -9 and 12-1.
Xumerous branch -offices. — Telegraph Office (PL D, 6; 77), Post-
Platz 1 (open day and night).
Baths. Albertshof, Sedan-Str. 7 (PL D, 8, 9: 7), with swimming-
bath; Gilntzhad (PL F, 5; 77), Elbberg 3, with swimming-bath; Diana-
Bad^ Xn der BUrgerwiese 22 (PL E. 7; 77); Bad zur Hojfnung, Falken-
Str. 5 (PL C. 6, 7: 77), with swimming-bath. — Bicer Baths above and
below the Augustus Bridge.
Theatres. Boyal Opera House (PL D 5, II: see p. 185); closed in
July. Ordinary charges : boxes in the first circle 7 JC. second boxes 6 ^€,
other boxes 4i'.2-5i;2 '^' parquet 4 or 5 c^. — The Boyal Theatre (Schau-
spielhaus : PL F 4 , Ij in the Xeustadt, is for dramas and comedies;
charges somewhat lower; closed June-August. Tickets for both obtainable
also at the Invalidendank (See-Str. 5, PL E 6. 77; 10-4, Sun. 10.30-1). —
Besidenz-Theater ''PL F, 6; 77), for farces and comic opera. — Central-
Theater (PL D, 6; 77), Victoria- Salon (PL E, 6; 77), both in the
Waisenhaus-Str!, Xos. 6 and 26; these two theatres of varieties.
Concerts in summer in the Belvedere (p. 183), Wiener Garten
(p. 177:. Liuckesche Bad (PL G, 3. 4; 7). the Waldschlosschen (PL I, 3; 7),
Zoological Garden PL F. 8; 7j. etc.; in winter at the PhilharmoJiie, the
Geirerhehaus 'p. 176;. and the Exhibition Buildings (see p. 206).
British Legation: Minister Resident, A. C. Grant Duff (office-
hour 12-1;. British Consul, H. Palmie. Altmarkt 16 (11-1,: Yice-Consul,
C. TT^ Palmie, Altmarkt 16. — United States Consul G-eneral: 2\ St.
I
I
Notes. DRESDEN. ^9. Route. 179
John Oaffney, Amnion -Str. 2 (10-1); Vice and Deputy Consul General,
Alfred C. Johnson.
llnglish Church (All Saints^) in the Wiener -Strasse, near the
Central Station (p. 205); matins daily at 10 a.m. (Wed. & Frid. at 11),
services on Sun. at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. (Holy Communion at 8 a.m. and
10 a.m. or 12 midday). Chaplain, Rev. C. A. Moore, M. A., B. C. L.,
Strchlener-Str. 21. — American Church (St. Joh7i^s), Keichs-Platz 5 (p. 205),
services at 11 a.m. & 5.30 p.m.; rector. Rev. J. F. Butterworth, M. A.,
Reichs-Platz 5. — Scottish Presbyterian Services, Bernhard-Str. 2
(p. 205); services at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m.; minister, Rev. T. U. WWight.
Bankers (English and American) : Dresdner Bank, Konig- Johann-
Str. 3 and Prager-Str. 39; Deutsche Bank, Joliannes-Allee 12; Allgemeine
Deutsche Credit-Anstalt, Altmarkt 16. — Physicians : Dr. Pusineili, Berg-
Str. 21 ; Dr. Gauser, Liittichau-Str. 25 ; Dr. Ililgendorf, Uliland-Str. 15 ;
Dr. De Souza, Sidonien-Str. 26. All these speak English. — American
Dentists : Dr. McBride, Biirgerwiese 20 ; Dr. W. A. Spring, Nurnberger-
Str. 40 ; Dr. Upton, Prager-Str. 38.
Anglo - American Club, Mosczinsky-Str. 1. — English Tennis
Chib, Sports-Platz. — Golf Club, with links at Reick.
Enquiry Office for Strangers ( Verein zur Forderung des Fremden-
verkehrs), in the N. pavilion of the Central Station (PL D, 7; /), open
on week-days 9-7. — Reading Room, see p. 180. — Depot of the Royal
Porcelain Manufactory, Schloss-Str. 36 (PI. E, 5, 6; //).
Collections. The royal collections are open on Sunday. They are
closed on Good Friday, Christmas Eve, Christmas, Easter, Whitsunday,
and the two Saxon fast-days. [The Albertinum and the Zoological Museum
are, however, open on Christmas, Easter, and Whitsunday.] Comp. the
Filhrer durch die Koniglichen Sammlungen zu Dresden (50 pf.).
* Albertinum (p. 202) free ; daily, except Sat., 9-3 ; Sun. & holidays 11-2.
Anglo-Saxon Art Gallery, Schloss-Str. 24 (PI. E, 5, 6; //), daily,
except Sun., 10-6; 1 JC.
Aquarium, Zinzendorf-Str. 34 (PL E, 6, 7 ; II), daily, 30 pf.
Army Collection, Royal (p. 208), Tues. and Thurs., 'lO-l; Sun. and
liolidays, 11-2; free.
Arnold's Picture Exhibition, Schloss-Str. 34 (PL E, 5, 6 ; II), daily
9-7, Sun. 11-2; 1 JC.
Arsenal Collection, Royal (p. 208), Konigs-Platz 1, Albertstadt, April-
Oct., daily, except Frid., 10-2 (Sun. 11-2); 25 pf.
Art Union (pictures; p. 182), 11-2 (in winter 3), Thurs. 10-1, other
days 10 to 4 or 5; 50 pf.
Botanical Garden (p. 206), daily 6-6, Sun. 6-1 (in winter 8-4 and
9-1); free.
Coins, Cabinet of (p. 185), for scientific visitors only, Tues. and
Frid., 10-1.
Cosel Palais (p. 199), hours as at the Albertinum.
Drawings and Engravings (p. 198) open, except on Mon., 9-2 (in
winter 10-3); Sun. and holidays 11-2 (also on Tues. & Frid., 5-7, in
winter) ; free.
^Grtines Gewolbe (Green Vault; p. 183), in summer on Sun. and
holidays 11-2, and week-days 9-2 (May and Oct. 10-2), 1 JC; during the
winter-months on Aveek-days 10-1, by card admitting 1-6 pers., 9 JC, each
additional pers. I1/2 ^' Single visitors will find no difficulty in joining
a party at the entrance.
Korner Museum (p. 207), Mon., Tues., Thurs., & Frid. 9-2, Wed. &
Sat. 9-1 and 2-5, Sun. & holidays 11-2 (50 pf.).
Library, Royal (p. 206), daily, 9-2 and 4-6 (closed on Sat. afternoon
and on afternoons in July). Visitors conducted at 1 p.m. (in summer
only; 50 pf. per person). Apply at the office on the groundfloor.
Mathematical and Physical Instruments and Models (p. 199), open
free 9-12, except Sat.; Sun. and holidays 11-1; iu winter, daily 9-12,
50 pf. (closed on Sat., Sun., and holidays).
180 Roide 29. DRESDEN. Collections.
Museum of the Antiquarian Society (p. 205). on weck-davs in summer,
9-12 and 3-6, 50 pf. ; free on Sun.. Wed., and Sat. afternoons 3-6. — From
1st Xov. to 30th April visitors are conducted round the museum for a
fee of 1 JC.
"^Museum, Historical (p. 200) and Gallery of Arms fp. 201) in the
Museum Johanneum, Sun. and holidays 11-2 (25 pf .) ; other days 9-2, in
winter 10-2 (50 pf . ; Mon. I1/2 «^). In winter, Gallery of Arms 50 pf.
extra.
Museum of Industrial Art (p. 206). dailv, except Mon., 9-2: Sun.
11-1 : free.
Museum Johanneum (p. 200). see the Historical Museum.
Museum^ Mineralogical and Prehistoric (p. 198). Sun. and holidays
11-1. Mon., Tucs., Thurs.. and Frid. 10-12, Wed. and Sat. 1-3; gratis.'
Museum, Municipal (Stadtmuseum, p. 199), Sun., Mon. and Thurs.
11-2, free (in summer : in winter Sun. and Mon. only).
Museum, Zooloqical and Ethnographical (p. 198), on Sun., Mon.,
Tues., Thurs., and Frid. 11-1, Wed. and Sat. 1-3; gratis.
Palace, Royal (p. 183), 11-1, on application to the castellan; 1-3 pers.
IV2 ^'
^^Picture Gallery (p. 186), on Sun. and holidays (with the exception
of those mentioned on p. 179). 11-2. and on Tues., Thurs., and Frid., 9-5
(in winter 10-3) gratis: on Wed. and Sat. 9-5 (in winter 10-3), 50 pf . ; on
Mondays 9-1 (in winter 10-2), I1/2 JC.
Porcelain. Collection of (p. 201), same days, hours, and fees as the
Historical Museum (see above), except Mon. (50 pf.) and Sat. (IV2 «^)-
Bail way Museum, under the general direction of the Saxon State
Railways (PL D, E. 7; /), Frid. 1.30-8-80; free.
Reading Room (p. 199), week-days 10 a.m. - 11p.m.. Sun. and holidays
11 a.m. -8 p.m., with a room for ladies: 30 pf.
Richter's Art Exhibition, Prager-Str. 13 (PI. D, 6, 7; //), week-days
9-7, Sun. 11-2; 50 pf.
Schilling Museum (p. 206), daily 1 Ji. from 10, Sun. from 11.
School Museum, 19th District School (PI. D, 8; I), Sedan-Str. 19;
open free on Wed. and Sat.. 4-6; on other days 30 pf . ; closed during
vacation.
Silver Room, Royal [-p. 185), on week-days 9-1 and 4-6. in winter 9-3 ;
Sun. 9-11, in winter 11-1: 1-2 pers. 1 ^S, each additional pers. 50 pf.
Zoological Garden (p. 206), daily, 75 pf., Sun. 50 pf. Military Band
on Sat. afternoon (at 4. 5, or 6 p.m.).
Principal Attractions (two days). 1st Day. Briihl Terrace (p. 182);
Picture Gallery (p. 186; ; Albertinum (p. 202). In the afternoon cross the
Augustus (Temporary) Bridge, traverse the Xeustadt to the Albert-Platz,
and return by the C'arola Bridge ; then through the Altstadt to the Grosse
Garten (p. 205). Evening at the Opera House. — 2nd Day. Green Vault
fp. 183); Museum Johanneum (p. 200). Afternoon: second visit to the
Picture Gallery: trip towards evening to Loschwitz (Roschwitzer Hohe) and
Blasewitz (p. 208). — Excursions to the Bastei (p. 214), to Meissen (p. 233),
and to Tharandt (p. 222) recommended.
Rapid changes of temperature are not unfrequent at Dresden, especially
in summer, when the evenings are often very cool. This remark also ap-
plies to Schaudau and other places in the valley of the Elbe.
Dresden (356 ft.), the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony, the
headquarters of the 12th Army Corps, and the seat of a technical
college, contains 517,000 inhab., including a garrison of 11,000 men.
It lies on both banks of the Elbe, which separates the Altstadt
on the left bank i with the Royal Palace and Museums) from the
Xeustadt on the right bank, with the Alberstadt (barracks). To
the S. and S.W. of the Altstadt lie various industrial suburbs, while
History. DRESDEN. 2^. Uoute. 181
to the E. of it is a quarter of villas. The beautiful envirous and
the magnificent picture-gallery attract numerous visitors, and a
considerable English community resides here.
The Altstadt and Neustadt are connected by means of five
bridges. The Aiu/iistus Brid(/e (PI. E, 5; //), constructed in the
12th cent., one of the chief thoroughfares of the city, was torn
down in 1908 and is to be at once rebuilt (temporary substitute a
little lower down). — About Y2 ^- ^elow it is the Marien-Brilcke
(PI. D, 4; 7), borne by 12 arches (1851). The adjacent Railway
Bridge was completed in 1901. — Above the Augustus Bridge is
the Queen Carola Bridge (PL F, 5; 77), completed in 1895, com-
manding a pleasant view. The sandstone groups at the N. end of
the bridge (the Elbe in storm and calm) are by Offcrmann (1907).
— Farther up is the Albert Bridge (PI. F, 4, 5; 77), opened for
traffic in 1877.
Dresden, originally a Slav fishing-hamlet near the present Frauen-
kirche, is first mentioned in a document of 1206. It began to grow
gradually after 1485, when it was selected as his residence by Duke Albert
the Hearty of the Albcrtine branch of the Wettin family. The Reforma-
tion was introduced in 1539. The splendour-loving Augustus the Strong
(see below) greatly extended and embellished the city. In 1760 Dresden
was bombarded by Frederick the GTreat. The fortifications were razed
in 1817.
Dresden will probably long retain the designation of the Cradle of
Rococo Art, although the expression 'rococo' is now used in a somewhat
narrower sense than it formerly was, and no longer applies to the whole
of the art of the 18th cent., which embraces both the 'baroque' style
and 'classicism'. During the reign of Augustus the Strong (1694-1733)
Dresden began to occupy a prominent position as a home of art, the
foundation of the Zioinger and the Invention of Poi^celaln (see p. 202)
being the two most important events in its art career. As Augustus the
Strong bore some personal resemblance to Louis XIV., so the erection of
the Zwinger, of which, however, a very small portion only (the anterior
court) was completed, recalls the palatial edifices built about that period
as monuments befitting the glorious reign of the Grand Monarquc of
France. The leading object of the rococo art, which to some extent finds
an exponent in the style of the Zwinger, appears to have been to invest
even the domestic life of monarchs with pomp and splendour, and to
unveil to the eyes of the public the privacy of the princely boudoir and
cabinet. Thus, in harmony with this tendency, the Zwinger would have
afforded an admirable scene for the 'Merceries', or fairs, in the comedies
and festivities of which the court would have acted a prominent part in
transparent incognito. The porcelain manufacture was particularly well
adapted for giving expression to the spirit of the style, as the material
was equally suitable for being moulded into elegant, doll-like figures,
or into flourishing and fantastic decorations. A characteristic of the
style, however, was superficiality, and its reign at Dresden was ac-
cordingly but brief. About the middle of the 18th century the city again
lapsed into its former obscurity, unaffected to any material extent by
the artistic labours of Mengs or the important archaeological researches
of Winckelmann.
At length, about the beginning of the 19th century, Dresden began
to regain a share of its former reputation in the province of art, when
the city became the headquarters of the 'Romanticists', who were more
given to poetry of conception than technical excellence of execution.
The chief masters of this period were Runge, Friedrich, Gerhard von
182 Bonte 29. DRESDEN. BrUhl Terrace.
Kiigelgen. aud Matthdi. An attempt was made to stimulate the pro-
gress of native art by the invitation of eminent artists (Bendemann,
Buhner, and Schnorr) from Dtisseldorf and Munich ; but the experiment
was only partially successful. On the other hand , Dresden has made
immense strides in the practice of the plastic art. Of this school
Bietschel (1804-61) was the founder, and he was worthily succeeded by
Jolionnes Schilling (p. 180). the sculptor of the Xiederwald Monument,
aud Donndorf (now at Stuttgart). Ernst Hdhnel (1811-91) was looked
upon as the second head of the Dresden school. The realistic school is
powerfully represented by Bohert Diez (b. 1844; p. 205). In the history
of architecture Dresden has gradually attained a high reputation from
having long been the headquarters of Gottfried Semjjer (1804-79), one of
the greatest German architects of the 19th century. In the most recent
epoch Dresden has occupied an important place among the art-centres of
Germany through the calling of Baid Wallot (b. 1841), the architect,
and Gotth. Kuehl (b. 1851). the painter, to the Academy and through its
admirable exhibitions of art.
a. The Briihl Terrace, the Theatre, and the
Koyal Palace.
From the Central Railway Station (PL D, 7 ; II) a busy line
of thoroughfares (Prager-Str., See-Str., and Schloss-Str.) lead to
the X. to (1^ 4 M.i the Sehloss-Platz and the Elbe, passing a Statue
of Bismarck (PL D, E, 6; //), by Diez (1903), and the Altmarkt
(p. 199j. Several of the chief attractions of Dresden are situated
close to the Schloss-Platz, on the left bank of the river. On the E.
lies the Briihl Terrace: on the S. are the Royal Palace and the
Roman Catholic Court Church, and on the W. are the Museum, the
Zwinger, and the Opera House.
The ^Briihl Terrace (PL E, 6; //i, about i ^ M. in length,
laid out in 1738 by Count Briihl, minister of Augustus III., on the
site of the old ramparts (conip. p. 183), rises above the Elbe and
commands a fine view of the river. It is approached from the
Schloss-Platz by a broad flight of 41 steps adorned with bronze
groups of Xight, Evening, Xoon, and Morning, by Schilling (1872;
sandstone originals removed to Chemnitz in 1908). The terrace is
planted with trees, and on the S. side are the new House of the
Saxon Diet ip. 183) and the Old Academy of Art, now containing
a library (open on Tues., Thurs., and Sat.; 10-1) and a collection
of engravings (Mon., Wed., and Frid., 10-1). Opposite rises the
Bietschel Monument, by Schilling (1875).
The Academy of Art PL E. 5: //t, built in the Italian Re-
naissance style by ii. Lipsius in 1890-94, consists of several distinct
but connected edifices. The Academy proper, next the Elbe, has
a colonnaded portico with busts and medallions of artists and poets
and other sculptures. Adjoining are a small Domed Edifice and
the Exhibition Building of the Saxon Art Union (^p. 179).
Between the Exhibition Building and the Albertinum (p. 202) is a
bronze Statue of Gottfried Semper, by Schilling (1891), and nearly
opposite is one of Ludwig Bichter, by Kircheisen (1898). Beyond
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Royal Palace. DRESDEN. 2.9. Route. 183
the latter is the Belvedere Restaurant (p. 178), below which, at tlie
corner of the terrace next to the quay on the river, is the Maurice
Monument, originally erected in 1591 and removed to this site in
1895. It commemorates the Elector Maurice of Saxony, who fell
in a battle with the Margrave of Brandenburg at Sievershausen in
1553 (comp. p. 200), after having resigned his dignity to his brother
Augustus, as the relief indicates.
The Roman Catholic Court Church (PL E, 5; //), to the W.
of the Briihl Terrace, erected in the baroque style in 1738-51 by
Chiaveriy and adorned with 78 statues of saints on the parapets
and at the entrances, by Mattielli, contains an altar-piece by Ma-
phael MengSj representing the Ascension. The tower is 305 ft.
high. Beneath the sacristy are the royal burial-vaults. *Church-
music on Sun. and festivals at 11 a.m. A covered passage connects
this church with the first floor of the palace.
To the E. of the Court Church, on the site of the old Briihl
Palace, is the new House of the Saxon Diet (Stdndehaas ;
PI. E 5, 77), erected by Wallot in 1901-07. In front of it is a
bronze Statue of King Albert (d. 1902), by Baumbach (1906).
The Royal Palace (PI. D, E, 5, 77; adm., see p. 180) was
founded in 1530-37, and frequently enlarged, notably by Augustus
the Strong after a conflagration in 1701. In 1890-1901 extensive
alterations under the direction of Dunger and Frolich imparted to
it its present Renaissance character. On the N. side, towards the
Augustus Bridge, is the Georgen-Tor^ capped by an equestrian
statue of (reorge the Bearded, by Behrens (1901). Above the GrUne
Tor, opposite the Court Church, rises the loftiest tower in Dresden
(331 ft.). The Green Gate leads into the Great Court, with inter-
esting staircase-towers at the four corners, and a gallery over the
gate (1549-51). In the Small Court, to the S. of the Great Court
and entered also by a gateway in the Schloss-Str., is a fountain by
Volkmann (1905). In the S.W. corner of the Great Court is the
Green Vault (see below).
The Interior of the palace is embellished with beautiful frescoes
by Bendemann (1845). In the Ball Room are scenes from Grreek my-
thology. — In the Throne Room, or Banquet Hall, the Four Estates are
represented in scenes from the history of Enip. Henry I. (d. 936). On
the frieze, the Occupations and Labours of Life. — In the Toiver Room
and the adjoining Gallery arc some large Chinese vases and a valuable
collection of Dresden china of the baroque period. — The Palace Chapel
contains a number of good pictures by Guido Reni, Annibale Caracci,
Raphael Mengs, and others.
The *Green Vault {Grilnes Gewolhe; entrance, see above;
admission, see p. 179), on the groundfloor of the palace, contains
one of the most valuable existing collections of curiosities, jewels,
trinkets, and small works of art, dating chiefly from the late-Re-
naissance and rococo eras, but also including numerous fine exam-
ples of an earlier period. The German goldsmith's work of the
184 Boute 29. DRESDEN. Green Vault.
16tli and ITtli cent., the enamels of Limoges, and tlie arts of ivory-
carving and crystal-cntting are particularly well represented. Cata-
logue 50 pf. Director, D7\ Sj)onseI.
1. Roo-M. Bronzes. To the right of the entrance : -4. Copy of the
Farnese Bull. Adr. de Vries (d. 1627); 1. Crucifix, Giov. da Bologna.
Opposite. Models of equestrian statues of Augustus the Strong (87) and
Louis XIV. (67}: the former, by Weinhold (d. 1732), is the original
model of the monument in the Xeustadt market-place (p. 206). Many
of the tortoise-shell pedestals inlaid with brass are the work of Charles
Andre BouUe 1642-1732). the court cabinet-maker of Louis XIY., who
has bequeathed his name to this kind of work ('Buhl' work). — II. Room.
Ivory. To the right, 394. Hunting goblet; adjacent, on the table-case,
274. Crucifix with the Madonna (18th cent.). In the middle of the wall
to the left, 107. Frigate in full sail, Jakoh Zeller (1620); to the right,
51. 52. Wings of triptychs (under glass); to the left, above, *40. Shepherd
and musirian. By the exit-wall: on a glass-case, 131. Fall of the angels,
in 142 figures carved out of a single mass of ivory about 1 foot in height.
— III. Room. In the middle, 249. Magnificent porcelain chimney-piece
by Xeuber (1782). 105. Amber cabinet (17th cent.). "Wall A: Limoges
enamels (6. 10. Goblets with handles. 8. Dish with a representation of
the Scarlet Woman). Wall C : Amber. WallD-F: Shell-work: mother-of-
pearl casket. 175. Mosaic of mother-of-pearl. G-oblets and other vessels
made of ostrich-eggs and shells. Wall E: 185, 189. Nautilus; 106.
Pelican; 144. Swan. Wall F: 223. 226. Goblets. Florentine tables with
pietra dura work. — IV. Room, the 'Green Vault', properly so called,
owing to the colour of its walls: Vessels of Gold. Silver, and Crystal.
To the left, 145. Work-box, presented by the Electress of Brandenburg
to the Elector Christian I. of Saxony (1590) ; behind, 5. Wash-hand basin
from Augsburg ,1714); above. 10. Table service by Urban Wolff, 9. Tan-
kard and Ewer by Dan. EeUerthaJer (1617), *184. Nuremberg beaker
in the shape of a maiden; 18. 19. 2id, 27. Goblets by Wiber and i?05-??€r ;
by the first vrindow. to the left. 33. Reliquary, 34. Royal font, by Daniel
Kellertlialer (1615) ; in the centre, 315. Goblet presented to Luther by
the Elector John Frederick (1539) ; in front of it, 50. Bible of Gustavus
Adolphus : to the left, 42. Sacrament chalice, and 41. Goblet of the
Archbp. Job. Gebhard of Cologne (1558-62); to the right, 181. Rock-
crystal vessel. In the glass-case by the first window on the right. Drink-
ing-horns and 225, 226. Two Arabian glasses; above, 57. Ewer, by
D. Kellertlialer (1629). By the second window to the left, 106. Private
altar, by Hans Kellertlialer (1607); to the right, 110. Wall-mirror of the
Electres's Sophia (1592). Wall C. *115. Jewel- casket by Jamnitzer
(1508-85), the greatest of the earlier goldsmiths. Wall D. 12, 8, 296, 297.
Goblets'; 17, 187. Goblets with lids; 181. Ewer (16th cent.); farther on,
to the right. 252. 254. Goblets with lids; *268. Bottle of opalescent
glass. — V. Room. Vessels in Stone and Crystal: various objects in
chalcedony, agate, lapis-lazuli, oriental jasper, and onyx; cups with
cameos. To the left, 1. Large antique onyx cameo with portrait of
Augustus. By the first window, on the left*. 2. Charles II. of England
slaying the dragon: on the right. 153. Vase by J. 31. Dinglinger (1712,
the' Benvenuto Cellini of Saxony). Between the first two windows,
152. Madonna, by Dinglinger (1712). By the third window, to the
right. 12. Onyx vase. Between the 3rd and 4th windows, 140. Clock
(•perpetuum mobile') representing the Tower of Babel, by Schlottheim
of Augsburg. Bv the fifth window. Objects in rock-crystal: to the
right, under glass, *306. Vase; 163. Jewel-case by Jamnitzer; *188.
Ciystal drinking-glass of Luther. Farther on. to the' right, *171. Mirror
with frame in "the style of Bencenuto Cellini; *178. Crucifix. To the
right of the exit. Saxon and Chinese vases in serpentine ; vases _ of
nephrite or jade. In the middle of the room is a glass-case containing
specimens from the royal cabinet of coins. — VI. Corneb Room, adorned
Oj>era House. DRESDEN. 25. Route. 185
in the baroque style: Bric-d-BTac and Trinkets of gold, precious
stones, and pearls (from the middle of the 17th to the beginning of the
18th cent.). To the riglit of the entrance, 2. Clock; to the right of the
window, 119. Caryatid by Dinglinger. — VII. Room. Articles in Wood,
Dough, Wax, Cherry Stones, etc. Polish regalia, in a case to the right.
Models of Saxon palaces and churches. — VIII. Room, with handsome
mural decorations. This room contains Jewels, including the Saxon crown
jewels and ornaments. In tlie 1st wall-cabinet (A; left) are the jewels:
green diamond, 48V'2 carats in weight, set in a hat-clasp ; shoulder-knot,
with a brilliant, 59 carats in weight; valuable chains of different orders,
clasps, buckles, studs; ladies' trinkets, including a bow with 662 dia-
monds ; rings (in tlie 3rd division of the 1st case), including Luther's
signet-ring. 1st window, to the left, 377. Diana bathing, to the riglit,
203. Golden tea-service. 2nd window, to the left, 204. Court of the
Grand Mogul Aurungzebe at Delhi, with 132 movable figures (these three
all by J. M. Dinglinger)', to the right, 199. Onyx-plaque, 7 inches high,
4 inches broad, the largest known. In wall-case C are chains of honour;
in wall-case D the golden electoral sword. In the centre, 378-380. Three
fine silver-gilt groups by Dinglinger, representing the dawn, the climax,
and the end of human life.
The Cabinet of Coins, entered by a door to the left in the passage,
was begun by George II. (d. 1680) and considerably extended under
Frederick Augustus (d. 1827) and again in 1871. It is particularly rich
in mediaeval and Saxon coins and medals. Admission, sec p. 179.
The Silber-Kammer, or Silver Room, containing the king's plate,
is also on the groundfloor of the palace (adm., see p. 180).
The N. wall of the old ' Stallgehdude' in the Augustus-Str., ad-
joining the palace on the E., is embellished with a cavalcade of the
Saxon princes (since 1127), originally executed by "Walther in
'sgraffito' (1874) but renewed on porcelain tiles in 1908. Museum
Johanneum., see p. 200.
In the Theater-Platz (PL D, E, 5; //) with its promenades,
extending to the N.W. of the Palace, are situated the Opera House
(see below), the Rom. Oath. Court Church (p. 183), the Haupt-
wachCj or Guard House, erected from designs by Schinkel in
1831, with a vestibule borne by six Ionic columns, and the Museum
(p. 186). The centre of the square is occupied by an Equestrian
Statue of King John (d. 1873), by Schilling, unveiled in 1889.
The pedestal is adorned with a fine frieze.
The *Opera House {'Hoftheater\ PL D 5, //; see p. 178),
a magnificent Renaissance building, richly adorned with sculpture,
opened in 1878, was built by Manfred Semper after designs by
his father Gottfr. Semper on the site of the former theatre burned
down in 1869. The front of the building, facing the Court Church,
projects in a semicircular form. The principal entrance is flanked
with statues of Goethe and Schiller, by Bietschel^ and surmounted
by a quadriga in bronze by Schilling, representing Dionysus and
Ariadne. The ornate upper vestibules and upper foyer are decor-
ated with paintings by Choulant, Preller, and others. The interior
can contain 2000 spectators; the drop-scene is by Keller.
To the S. of the theatre rises a bronze Statue of Karl Maria
von Weher, the composer (d. 1826 ; PL D 5, //), by Rietschel (1860).
186 ^oute 29. DRESDEN. Zwinger.
b. Picture Gallery and Z-winger.
The ^Museum (PL D, 5: 77), a handsome edifice in the Italian
style, designed by Goftfr. Semper, begun in 1847 and completed
in 1854. is considered one of the finest examples of modern archi-
tecture. The sculptures on the exterior by Rietschjel and Hdhnel
indicate the object of the building.
The Museum forms the X.E. wing of the *Zwin.ger iPl.D, 5; 77),
a building erected by Poppelmann. the architect of Augustus II.,
in 1711-22, but left unfinished for more than a century. It consists
of seven pavilions, connected by a gallery of one story, enclosing
an oblong court 128 yds. long and 117 yds. wide. In some of its
features the style of the Zwinger is rococo, but in the main it is a
baroqueedifice, and one of the most pleasing examples of that style
(comp. p. 181). The original beautiful marble decorations have
been preserved in the Mathematical Saloon (p. 199) and in the
X.^. pavilion ('Room S. of the picture-gallery i: the former is also
adorned with paintings by Louis de Silvestre (1717-23).
In the centre of the Zwinger -Hof is a bronze Monument of
Frederick Augustus 7. id. 1827), by Rietschel (1843 j. — Best sur-
vey of the building from the Zwinger Wall, at the X. angle,
reached through the X.W. pavilion.
The Museum and the Zwinger contain the chief collections of
Dresden. In the Museum are the picture-gallery, engravings, and
drawings. In the Zwinger are some rooms of the picture-gallery,
the zoological, ethnographical, and mineralogical museums, and the
collection of mathematical and physical instruments.
The **Picture Gallery occupies the first and second floors
of the Museum (adm., see p. 180). The entrance is in the archway,
on the right when approached from the theatre. Director, Prof.
Woermann. Catalogue, in English. French, or German, 4 ^. small
edition 1^ 2 ^•
The Dresden picture-gallery, which now ranks with the Louvre,
Pitti. and Uffizi as one of the finest collections in the world, is
essentially the creation of Augustus III. (1733-63), who added to
the previously existing royal collection by the purchase of part of
the Modena ^allerv in 1745. The Sistine Madonna from Piacenza
il753i, numerous Dutch and Flemish cabinet-pieces, etc., were also
added about this period, so that at the time of the death of Au-
gustus III. it had well-nigh attained to its present high rank. —
The total number of oil-paintings by the earlier masters is ca. 2240,
that of modern works 380.
In accordance with the taste prevalent at the time of its found-
ation, the gallery is somewhat sparingly provided with early works.
This is notably the case with the Italian Schools of the 14th and
15th centuries, where the following works are alone remarkable;
Picture GaUcry. DKP]SDEN. 2^. Route. 187
a Holy Family by Manteffiia (No. 51), 8t. kSehastiaii by Antonello
da Messina (No. 52), a large Holy Family by Piero di Cosimo
(No. 20), a characteristic example of Lorenzo di Credi (No. 13),
three works by Cima (Nos. 61-63), and four small pictures by
Jacopo de' Barhari or Jacob Watch (Nos. 57-59 A), who is inter-
esting as a German member of the Venetian school and also on
account of his influence on Diirer.
The great masters of the Golden Period of Italian art are, on
the other hand, admirably represented. The radiant magnificence
of RajyhaeVs Sistine Madonna, in which the most tender beauty is
coupled with the charm of the mysterious vision, will forcibly
strike every susceptible beholder, and the longer he gazes, the
more enthusiastic will be his delight. Raphael's Florentine contem-
poraries are represented by Andrea del Sartors large and gaily
coloured Sacrifice of Abraham (No. 77) and by two companion-
pieces of rare merit by Franciahigio and Uhertini (Nos. 75, 80).
The most noteworthy of the later Florentine works is the portrait
of the Grand-Duchess Eleanora by Bronzino (No. 82).
The Parmesan School, in the works of its great master Cor-
reggio, is even more richly illustrated here than at Parma itself.
The Madonna enthroned (No. 150) is of the master's earlier period,
and reveals in its strict composition and luminous colouring the
influence of the earlier Ferrarese school. In the Madonna with
St. Sebastian (No. 151) and his Holy Night (No. 152; retouched), the
master of chiaroscuro is seen at his best, while the Madonna and
St. George (No. 153) charms by the beauty of its flower-like tinting.
The famous little picture of the Magdalen (No. 154) must, however,
be pronounced nothing more than a masterly copy, while the so-
called Physician of Correggio (No. 155) is probably by a Ferrarese
artist. — The School of Ferrara is represented by numerous
works of Dosso Dossi, Benvenido Garofalo, and others.
The pictures by the great Venetian Masters rank among the
principal treasures of the gallery. Giorgio7ie is represented by the
fine Sleeping Venus (No. 185), from which the Cupid was obliterated
by an early attempt at restoration. Titian is studied here to great
advantage. The Tribute Money (No. 169), a grand work of his early
period, is one of the most nobly-conceived and admirably-executed
paintings ever produced. The portrait of his daughter Lavinia in
her riper years (No. 171) and that of an unknown personage,
formerly supposed to be Aretino (No. 172), are good examples of
his later style. Falma Vecchio's Venus and the Three Sisters
(Nos. 190, 189) are among the finest works of this masterly deline-
ator of ripe Venetian beauty. No other gallery possesses so exten-
sive a collection of the gorgeous masterpieces of Paolo Veronese
(Nos. 224-227, 230, 236). The close of the great epoch of Venetian
art is illustrated by numerous good works by Tintoretto and the
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 13
188 ^OHt^ 29. DRESDEN. Picture GaUery.
different members of the Bassano family, wiiile the landscapes of
Canale and his nephew Bell otto still reflect a favourable light on
A^enice at a time when Italian art generally had fallen into sad
decadence (18th cent.). — The school of the Academiciaxs and
mannerists is represented only too fully for the general character
of the collection. The Xaturalists are represented by the Card
Sharper of Caravaggio iXo. 408) and by a series of good works by
Bihera. among which the St. Agnes <^Xo. 683; boasts a charm very
unusual in this master.
The only works of the Spanish School that demand notice are
the splendid portrait of an elderly man by Velazquez (Xo. 697), and
the charming genre-like Madonna and Child of Murillo (Xo. 705 1,
deservedly a popular favourite. — The French School of the 17th
and 18th cent, is represented by a few good works of its leading
masters, including two fine landscapes by Claude Lorrain (Xos.
730, 731;. of magical atmospheric effect, two large pastoral scenes
by Watteau (Xos. 781, 782), examples of Xicolas Poussin and
Gaspard Dughet. and numerous characteristic portraits.
Xetheelaxdish Schools. The masters of the 15th cent, are
almost entirely unreprrsented, but the gallery possesses one price-
less gem of this period in the small altar-piece of Jan van Eyck
(Xo. 799). The masters of the 16th cent, are also represented either
unfavourably or not at all. The culmination of art in the Xether-
lands during the 17th cent, is, on the other hand, illustrated by
numerous attractive works. Peter Paul Bubem, the great master
of the Flemish School, mav be studied here to o:reat advantaofe.
Some of the most popular of the works catalogued under his name,
such as the Portraits of his Sons (Xo. 986 b), the Lion Hunt (972 1,
and the Grarden of Love (Xo. 986 C', are, indeed, merely admirable
school-pieces, but there is no lack of authentic productions from his
own hand. Thus the gallery possesses several paintings of his
Italian period, including a fine St. Jerome (Xo. 955). The Boar
Hunt (Xo. 962). a powerful, broadly-handled work, and a series of
admirable portraits which seem to be connected with each other
belong to his early Xetherlandish period, while his latest style is
illustrated in the brilliant Bathsheba (965) and in the large 'Quos
Ego' (^0. 964b), an improvisation of imposing dramatic effect, pro-
duced for the entry of the Infant Ferdinand into Antwerp in 1635.
Rubens's famous pupil, Anthony van Dyck, is represented by a
series of admirable portraits, chiefly of his later English period,
and by a St. Jerome i^Xo. 1024), which surpasses, at least in pictur-
esque treatment, that of his master. Jacob Joy^daens^ the most
Flemish of the Flemings, can be studied here better than in any
other collection. Snyders contributes numerous pieces of still-life.
David Teniers the Elder and his more famous son are represented
by several genuine though not striking works, which, however,
rictnre Gallery. DRESDEN. 25. Boiite* 189
yield in interest to the sketchy but powerful little works oiA. Brou-
wer. The gallery also boasts of numerous works by the contempor-
ary landscape-painters I^aid Bril, Momjx'r, Van UdeUj and Jan
Brueghel, with his followers Fieter Gysels and Pieter Bout.
Dutch School. The early masters are represented by a few
moderate works only. Frans Hals, one of the great leaders of the
school, also contributes only two or three insignificant portraits,
but those by Favesteyn and Mierevelt are more important. Hont-
horsty too, is represented, but not so well as the cognate master
Caesar van Everdingen (No. 1834). The landscapes of Van Goyen
undVlieger also belong to this period. — Beinhrandt vanBijn, the
great master of chiaroscuro, is represented by several of his finest
creations, such as the portrait of his wife Saskia of 1641 (No. 1562),
the portrait of himself with his wife on his knee (No. 1559; an
earlier work), Samson's Riddle (No. 1560), Manoah's Sacrifice (No.
1563), and the admirable portrait of an old man, dating from 1654
(No. 1567). Kembrandt's school is nowhere better illustrated. His
earlist scholar G. Dou contributes seventeen pictures of the most
varied styles and dates, and Vermeer or Van der Meer of Delft
appears in a group of lifesize half-figures of rare beauty of colouring
(No. 1335) and in the charming Love-letter (No. 1336). Scarcely
a single one of the masters of low-life pieces is absent; the most
prominent is Ady^iaen van Ostade, whose Studio and Village Tavern
(^Nos. 1397, 1396) are unsurpassed of their kind. The conversation
pieces of Ter'hurcj and G abriel Afetsu are numerous and good, while
Frans van Mieris the Elder contributes no fewer than fourteen
works, several of which rank among his masterpieces. — Jacob
van Buysdael, one of the greatest of Dutch landscape-painters, is
particularly well and fully represented. The Hunt, the Monastery,
and the Jewish Cemetery (Nos. 1492, 1494, 1502) are among the
most famous works in the whole gallery, but his delicate manage-
ment of light and space are perhaps seen to still greater advantage
in the less pretentious Chateau Bentheim, the Heath, and the Forest
Path (Nos. 1496, 1503, 1500). Allartvan Everdingen^sl^OY\yegian
Mountain-lake (No. 1835) is almost as poetical as the finest of
Ruysdael's works, and surpasses them in vigour of colouring. Jan
Both, Ciiyp, and Van der Neer, the great renderers of sunny
atmosphere, are neither so happily nor so numerously illustrated,
but their followers H. Saftleven, Griffier, and J. Moucheron are
represented to excess. — The Dutch animal-painters may also be
well studied at Dresden. Paid Potter contributes two works
(Nos. 1629, 1630), Adriaen van de Velde several masterpieces,
and Berchem thirteen works, one of which (No. 1478) is a little
gem. The gallery also contains nearly seventy examples of Philip
Wouverman, the masterly delineator of cavaliers and battles, many
of which are of the highest excellence. — The masters of still-life
190 Bonfe 29.
DRESDEN.
Picture Gallery.
and painters of poultry are almost all represented, as are also the
scmewhat affected and over-refined masters of the early 18th cent.,
such as the Van der Werffs and TT". Mieris. who inaugurate the
decline of the Dutch school into insipid conventionalism.
The GrERifAx School is not so well illustrated in the Dresden
Gallery as those of Italy and the Xetherlands. The famous Ma-
donna of Burgomaster Meyer (Xo. 1892 1. long ascribed to Holbein,
has been shown by modern criticism to be only an admirable
Netherlandish copy of the original at Darmstadt. On the other
hand Holbein's Portrait of the Sieur de Morette (Xo. 1890) is un-
questionably genuine, and of such artistic finish, brilliant colour,
and faultless modelling, that it long passed as a masterpiece of
T K e CL ter-PlcLt x
Leonardo da Vinci. The fine double portrait of Sir Thomas and
John Godsalve (^Xo. 1889) also dates from Holbein's English period.
Durer's priceless Crucifixion ^Xo. 1870;, a small picture, is purely
Grerman in conception, but shows the beneficial influence of the
Venetian school in its execution. The winged altar-piece (Xo. 1869i
shows Diirer under the spell of Mantegna, while the portrait of
Bernhard van Orley (Xo. 1871) was painted in 1521 during his
tour in the Xetherlands. The examples of the two Cranachs are
numerous, but indifferent in quality, with the exception of the
excellent study for a portrait of the Elector Joachim II. of Branden-
burg (So. 1916) by the younger Cranach. — The masters of the
17th cent, are happily represented by two small masterpieces of
Adam Elsheinier (Xos. 1977, 1978) and a vigorous family-portrait
by Knupfer. — The portraits in chalk and Belotto's views of
Dresden on the groundfloor possess little artistic merit, but afford
an instructive insight into the manners of the 18th century.
Picture Galler If. DRESDEN. up. JRonte. 191
The Entkance Hall (containing the cloak-room and the ticket
office) is adorned with a frieze of stucco, illustrative of the history
of painting. To the left are rooms 52-69, with JSfh Ceidury Paint-
ings, Pastels J and Aliniatures (comp. p. 198). In a straiglit direc-
tion is the Collection of Drawings and Engravings (p. 198); to
the right are rooms 39-43 with the examples of the earlier German
masters and the most recent acquisitions (p. 198).
Ascending the staircase to the First Floor (Plan, see p. 190),
we traverse an Ante-Room hung with large family-portraits (where
tickets are given up), a corridor with unimportant Flemish works
of the 17th cent., the Cupola Saloon Cr, and the adjacent rooms F-B
(Large Italian Paintings)^ and proceed, with unimpaired energy,
to inspect and admire the Sistine Madonna in Room A.
Room A. **9?). Baphael, Madonna di San Sisto, an altar-piece, 8 ft.
hig'li and 6 ft. wide (so called from the church of tlie Benedictines at
Piacenza for whom the picture was painted), the Virgin and Child in
clouds, with St. Sixtus on the right, St. Barbara on the left, and two
cherubs beneath, indisputably a work of tlie great master's own hand
throughout, painted probably about 1515 (purchased in 1753 for 9000?.). —
The composition most resembles that of the Madonna di Foligno. A
curtain has just been drawn back and the Virgin issues as it were from
the depth of Heaven, awe-inspiring, solemn, and serene, her large eyes
embracing the world in their gaze. The idea of the sudden revelation
of a hitherto concealed mystery could not be more effectively expressed.
The attention is usually concentrated upon the Madonna and the two
cherubs below, pictures of naive innocence. The saints, however, should
not be overlooked. Contrasted in age and sex, expression and move-
ment, they supplement each other with admirable effect. Both must be
thought of in connection with the whole community of Christians ; the
reverent and pious Sixtus commends himself to the Virgin's mercy, the
beaming face of St. Barbara represents the joyful enthusiasm of the
redeemed ('Baffael aud Michelangelo', by Prof. Anton Springer).
Room B. 1st Wall: 161. Parmigianino, Madonna with the rose. —
2nd Wall: *103. Giulio Romano, 'Madonna della Catina' (Madonna with
the basin); 76. Andrea del Sarto, Betrothal of St. Catharine. — 3rd Wall :
*52. Antonello da Messina, St. Sebastian, with a Venetian canal in the
background, a work of great charm in S2)ite of its damaged condition;
*J:2a. Cosimo Tura, St. Sebastian.
Room C. 2nd Wall: 71. Copy of Michael Angelo's Leda and the
swan. — We now return through Room B to • —
Room D. 1st Wall: Correggio, *150. Madonna enthroned, with SS.
Francis. Anthony, John the Baptist, and Catharine, a youthful master-
piece, showing the influence of the Ferrara school (1514-15); 151. Ma-
donna surrounded by angels, with SS. Sebastian, Geminian, and Rochus
(damaged). *168. Titian, Madonna and saints, an early work (half-lengtli).
Correggio, **152. Adoration of the Shepherds, the far-famed 'Holy Xight'
(La Notte), his great masterpiece of chiaroscuro ; *153. Madonna enthroned,
witli SS. Crcorge, Peter Martyr, John the Baptist, and Geminian, a work
of his later period, distinguished by breadth of handling and by rich
and luminous colouring. — 2nd Wall: 128. Dosso Dossi, Four Fathers
of the Church: *270. Tintoretto, Portraits. — 3rd Wall: *229. Paolo
Veronese, Finding of Moses, distinguished from tlie other masterpieces
of Veronese in the gallery by its perfect preservation. 266. Tintoretto,
Fall of the rebellious angels; *77. A. del Sarto, Abraham's sacrifice: 113.
Bagnacavallo, Madonna with four saints; *20. Piei-o di Cosimo, Holy
Family; 48. F. Francia, Baptism of Christ (1509); 160. Parmegianino,
13*
192 Koutc 20. DRESDEN. Picture Gallery.
Madonna and saints. — 4tli Wall : *192. Palma Vecchio, Jacob and Rachel :
204. Paris Bordoue. Diana: 135. Garofalo. Mars and Yenus before Troy.
Room E. 1st Wall: Paolo Veroiiese,' *22Q. The Wedding at Cana,
*225. Adoration of the Magi, two priceless companion-pieces from the
gallery of Modeua. — 2nd Wall: Titian, 170. Portrait of his daughter
Lavinia as a bride. *1T1. Portrait of the same at a later period. *185.
Giorgione, Yenus; *190. Palma Vecchio. Yenus resting in a hilly land-
scape; *236. Paolo Veronese, Daniele Barbaro. — 3rd Wall: Veronese,
*224. Faith. Hope, and Charity introduce the Cuccina family to the en-
throned Madonna. 227. Bearing of the Cross (studio-work}; 270a. Tinto-
retto. The Woman taken in adultery (studio-work). — 4th Wall: *172.
Titian. Portrait of a Yenetian. formerly supposed to be Aretino, dated 1561 :
281, 282. Bassano, Portraits of the Doge Cicogna and his wife. — Froni
Room E a side-door leads to Rooms 44-46. containing French paintings.
Room F. 1st Wall: *230. Veronese, The Good Samaritan, with a
charming landscape: *408. Caravaggio, The card-sharper, a vigorous and
masterly work: 303. Ann. C'aracci. Assumption ; 328. Guido Reni,Yirgm
and saints. — 2nd Wall: 324. Guido Reni, Yenus and Cupid; Guercino,
6^2. Semiramis. 363. Diana. — 3rd Wall : 306. Ann. Caracci, (renins of
Fame: 525. Padovanino, Judith: 305. Ann. Caracci, St. Rochus giving
alms. — 4th Wall: 447. Fr. Trevisani, Rest on the'Flight into Egypt,
in a genre-like style; 325. Guido Beni, Xinus and Semiramis.
Returning to Room E, we next enter Cabinets 1-5, containing
the Smaller Italian Pictures.
1st Cabinet. Wall a: 36. 37. Luca Signorelli, Painted pilasters:
*49. Franc. Franvia , Adoration of the Magi; 123. Mazzolino, Christ
before Pilate. 57. Jac. de' Barhari, Saint in the act of blessing; *63.
Ci7na da Conegliano. Presentation of the Yirgin, of exquisite colouring
and delicate conception, the model of Titian's celebrated picture in the
Academy of Yenice. — Wall b: Ercole Boberti, *45. Christ led away to
be crucified. *46. Christ taken captive on the Mt. of Olives, two spirited
compositions in the style of Mantegna. *43. Fr. Cossa, Annunciation;
9. S. Botticelli. Life of St. Zenobiiis ; 15. Lor. di Credi, Madonna and
Saints. — Wall c: 41. PinturiccJuo. Portrait; *194a. Lorenzo Lotto,
Madonna and Child with St. John: *51. Mantegna, Holy Family; *13.
Lorenzo di Credi, Madonna, an early work.
2xD Cabixet. Wall a: *188. Palma Vecchio. Madonna and Child,
with John the Baptist and St. Catharine, an early work. There is so
much loveliness in the serene rapture of St. Catherine , such spright-
liness in the child, nestling at its mother's throat, so much tender in-
quiry in the Yirgin"s eye, and a meaning so earnest in the glance of the
Baptist, that we dwell with pleasurable sensation on each figure of the
group and wonder at the harmony which it creates (C. ct- C). *191.
Palma Vecchio. Holy Family with John the Baptist and St. Catharine. —
Wall b: 61. Cima da Conegliano, Christ blessing. — Wall c: Jac. de'
Barhari, 58. St. Catharine. 59. St. Barbara; *189. Palma Vecchio, The
•Three Sisters*, a work of his middle period. 'These three young women
are grouped with pleasing variety and artifice in front of a very pretty
landscape. There is hardly a single peculiarity in the master remaining
unrepresented; his melting shapes, his fair, almost waxen, complexions,
his fine chiselled features, small hands, brocades and slashes, his dra-
peries without depth, flow, or winding contour' (C. d: C.J. ■ — **169.
Titian, The tribute-money, painted about 1514. 'Simple as the subject
is. the thought which it* embodies is very subtle . . . The contrast is
sublime between the majestic calm and elevation, and what Quandt calls
the 'Godlike beauty' of Christ, and the low cunning and coarse air of
the Pharisee . . . The form of Christ was never conceived by any of the
Yenetians of such ideal beauty as this. Xor has Titian ever done
better .... Nothing can exceed the brightness and sheen or the trans-
parent delicacy of the colours .... The most perfect easel-picture of
Picture QalUry. DKESDEN. Hf). Rmfe 193
which Venice ever witnessed the production, this is also the most polished
work of Titian' (C. & CJ.
8kd Cabinet. Wall a: *201. Moranda, Portrait of a gentleman. —
Wall b : 80. Francesco Ubcrtini ( Bacchiacca) , Ordeal to prove the true
heir to the throne; *16. Frmiciabigio, Bathsheba at the bath, dated 1523,
in the style of his friend Andrea del Sarto ; *82. Angelo Bronzinu,
Eleonora, wife of Cosimo I., Grand Duke of Tuscany. — Wall c: 154.
Early Copy after Correggio, Repentant Magdalen; 155. Dosso Dos8i{?)f
The so-called 'Physician of Correggio'.
4th Cabinet. Wall a: *308. AnnihaJe Caraccl, Lute-player; 387.
Cignani. Temptation of Joseph. — Wall b: 337. Francesco Mbani,
Cupids dancing; Sassoferrato, 431. Madonna, 432. Virgin at prayer. —
Wall c: *323. Guido Reni, Ecce Homo; 499. SoUmena, Mater Dolorosa;
309. A7in. Caracci, Head of Christ.
5th Cabinet. Late-Italian pictures, by Do)n. Feti, etc. Also: 357-300.
Gii'Crcino, The Evangelists: Carlo D old, 508. The daughter of Herodias
with the head of John the i3aptist, *509. St. Cecilia.
The next Cabinet contains works of the French School.
6th Cabinet. Wall a: *731. Claude Lor rain, Coast-scene with Acis
and Galatea (dated 1657). — Wall b: 719. Nic. Poussin, The realm of
Flora ; *754. Millet, Roman Campagna, a characteristic, richly coloured
masterpiece. — Wallc: *730. Claude Lorrain, Landscape, with the flight
of the Holy Family (dated 1647), a masterpiece of atmospheric effect, in
perfect preservation (companion-piece to No. 731).
Cabinets 7-21 are devoted to the Smallei' Works of the Diitehj
Flemish^ and German Schools.
7th Cabinet. Wall a: Karel duJardin, 1632. Milking goats, *1633.
Cattle grazing; 1813. A. van der WerfjT, Family-portraits; 1428, 1452, 1461.
Ph. Wouverman, Cavalry skirmishes. — Wall b : *1482. CI. P. Berchem,
Fishermen at a lake; 1820. A. van der Werff, Annunciation. — Wall c:
A. van der Werff, 1823. Expulsion of Hagar, 1818. Judgment of Paris.
8th Cabinet. Wall a: *1835. Allai^t van Everdingen, Norwegian
mountain-lake, with stag-hunt, by N. Berchem, a masterpiece ; 1664.
J. van der Heyde, Church and convent. — Wall b : *1658. A. van de Velde.
Cattle; 1617. A. Dilbbels, Sea-piece; 1338a. J. van Goyen, Cottages and
well; 1445, 1466. Ph. Wouverman, Game. — Wall c: *1521. G. Berck-
Heyde, Town Hall at Amsterdam ; *1346. K. Netscher, The letter-writer ;
*1417. Ph. Wouverman, Feeding the poor at a monastery, an early
masterpiece.
9th Cabinet. Wall a: 1479. CI. Berchem, Merchant receiving a
Moor. — Wall b : Wouverman, *1449. Stag-hunt (a highly-finished work
of a silvery tone), 1450. Camp. — Wall c: CI. Berchem, 1477. Evening,
*1478. Cattle in a mountainous landscape; 1239-41, I'ii'^-lo. Poeloiburgh,
Landscapes.
10th Cabinet. Wall a: 1618a. G. van den Eeckhout, Jacob's Dream:
1612a. Ph. de Koninck, Landscape; 1481, 1486. CI. Berchem, Landscapes.
— Wall b : *1336. Jan Vermeer van Delft, Girl reading a letter at a
window, one of the largest and finest works of this rare follower of
Rembrandt; 1836. Allart van Everdingen, Norwegian waterfall; 1497,
1198. J. van Ruysdael, Waterfalls.
llTH Cabinet. Wall a: Jacob van Ruysdael, 1500. Forest -path,
*1494. The monastery, *1495. Waterfall by the Schlossberg, 1501. Water-
fall with fir-tree; *1735. G. Metsu, Game-dealer; *1349. A'. Netscher,
Music-lesson (1666). — Wall b : *1656. A. vayi de Velde, Woman drinking
(1662); *1358, *1359. Frans Hals the Elder, Portraits of young men; 1662.
Ja7i van der Heyde, The monastery; *1496. Jac. van Ruysdael, The
Chateau of Bentheim, an early masterpiece; Frans van Mieris, *1750.
The artist painting a lady, *1751. The connoisseur's visit (two master-
pieces); 1657. A. van de^ Velde, Ruins (1665); P. Wouverman, 1434.
Fishers, 1420. Smithy. — Wall c: Jar. van Ruysdael, *1503. Village
194 P^'^vtc 29. DRESDEX. PMure Galleivj.
behind the dunes ('The heath'), *1502. Jewish cemetery (of imposing
sombre effect). 1499. Knoll with oaks ; 154.S. 77?. de Keyser, Two riders;
*1733. *1734. G. Metsu. Game-dealers.
12th Cabinet. *1064a. Hobbcnm, Water-mill. — Wall c: *1492. Jac.
van Bi/ysdacl. Hunt, with accessories bv A. van de Velde.
13th Cabixet. Wall a: *1629. *163d. Paul Potter, Dutch landscapes
with cattle: *1258. Knupfer, The artist's family. — Wall b: 1655.
A. van de Velde, Cattle (1659); 1426. Ph. Wouverman. Riders at the
forge. — Wall c: *1554. Aert van der Neer. Canal; *1443. Wouverman,
Horseman and peasant's cart: 1491. J. van Ostade, Frolics on the ice;
1511. Berck-Heyde. Interior of the 'Groote Kerk' at Haarlem (1665).
14th Cabinet. Wall a: *1600. 1601. FlincJc. Portraits; *1270. Jan
Both. Italian laud^^cape by evening-light : 1368. Peter C7ae«c, Still-life. —
AVall b: *1416. Woircerman, John the Baptist preaching. — Wall c:
A. van de Velde. 1660. Cattle, *1659. Ice-scene (1665); *lDb6. Betyihrandt,
iSaskia van I'ilenburgh. the artist's bride (1633); 1544. A. de Vries, Por-
trait; 1557. Bernbrandf, Portrait of Willem Burggraeff (1633).
15th Cabinet. Walla: Gerard Dou, *1706. Girl at a window. 1713.
Festive couple. 1714. The lost thread. — Wall b: Ph. Wouverman, *U2i.
Stable. *1463. Combat by the wind-mill; *1725. Jan Steen, Marriage at
Cana ; *1371. Heda. Luncheon: 1338c. 1338b. J. van Goyen, Landscapes
in summer and winter. — Wall c: 1715. Gerard Dou. Young man holding
a light to a girl's face : 1762. Slingelandt. Old woman handing a fowl
to a girl: G.Dou. 1709. Schoolmaster at a window. *1711. Hermit. 1710.
Dentist; *1375. Jan Wynants, Dutch landscape, with accessories by
A. van de Velde. very delicate in workmanship; Gerard Dou, *1707.
The artist (?) playing the violin (1665), 1704. The artist in his studio;
1419. Wouverman. In camp.
16th Cabinet. Wall a : Adriaen van Ostade, *1398. Peasants eating
(1663). *1399. Peasants smoking (1664); *1493, 1504. J. van Buysdael.
Landscapes : Terburg. *1832. Lady in a white satin dress (a study for
the 'Paternal Admonition' at Berlin and Amsterdam; 1831). The music-
lesson: *1422. Wouverman. Executioner's house. — Wall b: 1395.
A. van Ostade. Peasants in a tavern: Terburg. *1830. Young lady
washing her hands. 1829. The letter; 1301. M. d'Hondeeoeter, Hawk in
a poultry-yard. — Wall c: G. Metsu, *1736. The lace-maker (a highly-
finished and fascinating work\ *1737. By the fire-side, with a fine effect
of light: 1507. J. van der Meer. View from the dunes: A. van Ostade,
1400."Tavern. a late work (1679;'. *1397. The artist's studio (1663). *1732i
G. Metsu, Champagne luncheon (1661). after Rembrandt's famous master-
piece (Xo. 1559). and perhaps also representing the artist and his wife.
*1396. A. van Ostade. Peasants in a tavern.
17th Cabinet. Wall a: 1261. J. de Heem. Still-life: K. Netscher,
*1368. H. G. Pot. Portrait of a man, full length. — Wall b: 1727.
J. Steen. Expulsion of Hagar: 1742. F. van 3Iieris, Love's message;
*1476. Bega. Peasants dancing. — Wall c: 1350. 1351. A'. Netscher,
Madame de Montespan. *1.S48. Ladv at her toilet; 1268. J. de Heem,
Still-life.
18th Cabinet. Wall a : Teniers the Younger, *1067. Bleaching-greeu.
*1068. Countrv-fair. the two best works of this lAaster in the gallery :
1150b. B. Peelers. Sea-piece. — Wall b: 1260. Jan de Heem. Still-life;
1114. 1115. A. van der Meulen, Louis XIV. — Wall c: 1070. Teniers
the Younger. Tillage-festival.
19th Cabinet. Walla: 1072. Teniers the Younger, Alchemist; 1094.
Byckaert the Younger. Peasant family. — Wall b: *1097. Gonzales
Coques. Family-group upon a terrace, a vigorous example of this rare
master : Teniers the Younger, 1065. 1064. Landscapes ; *1059. Adr. Brouxcer.
The brawl, a masterpiece of colour. — Wall c : 1093. Byckaert the Younger,
Peasant family; 1082. D. Teniers the Younger, Temptation of St. Anthony ;
*1058. A. Brouwer, A brawl, a very clever sketch : 1073. Teniers the
Younger. The reckoning.
Picture Galkr J/. nKK^DKN". ^•^- ^onfr.. -[C)^
20th Cabinet. Wall a: 1079. ToiierH the Yoiuiyer, Toinptation of
St. Anthony. — Wall b: 1111, 1142. L. van Udrn, Flcnii.sh landscapes;
*1081. D. Tenters, Fair; *1032. A. van Dyck, 'Old Pan' at the age of
150 (V); 962b. Ruhens, Judgment of Paris, a diminislied replica of the
work in the London National Gallery. — Wall c : Tcnicrs the Younger,
1066. Tavern interior, 1075. Portrait of the artist in a tavern.
21sT Cabinet. Wall a: *1547a. CI. Moyaert, Joseph lowered into
the pit by his brethren; 1908. Cranach the Elder, Christ on the Mount
of Olives. — Wall b: Cranach the Younger, 1947. Elector Augustus,
1918. Elector Maurice, 1952. Melanchthon on his death-bed ; *1871. ^. Dilrer,
Bernhard van Orley, painted at Antwerp in 1521 ; 1948a. Cranach the
Younger, Elector Joachim II. of Brandenburg. — Wall c: Elsheimer,
*1977.' Jupiter and Mercury at the house of Philemon and Baucis, *1978.
Rest on the Flight into Egypt; S22-SS0. Hans Bol, Landscapes in water-
colour; *1889. Hans Holbein the Younger, Sir Thomas Godsalve and
Ids brother John, an admirable work of the first period of Holbein's
sojourn in England (1528); 809. Master of the Death of the Virgin,
Adoration of the Magi.
Rooms N, M, L, 0, P, Q, K, and J contain the Larger Dutch
and Flemish, and also a few Gey^maii Paintirigs.
Room N. *1892. Old Netherlandish copy (about 1600) of the picture
at Darmstadt by Holbein the Younger, representing the Virgin and
Child, with Jacob Meyer, the burgomaster of Basel, and his family
(comp. p. 190).
**1890. H. Holbein, Sieur Charles Solier de Morette, a French
nobleman at the court of Henry VIII. of England (comp. p. 190); on the
adjacent wall, to the right, hangs the original drawing for this portrait
(No. 1891). — **799. J. van Eyck, Madonna with SS. Catharine and
Michael and the donor, a triptych. 'This picture is painted with a pro-
fusion of colour, is perfectly harmonious, and shows no trace of the
hand .... Through a window behind St. Catherine is one of Van Eyck's
marvellous miniature landscapes' (C. & C). — **1870. A. Dilrer, Cruci-
fixion, with evening-light (1506), a small work of intense feeling and
expression, showing the influence of Giov. Bellini. — Wall 2 : *1869.
Dilrer, Large altar-piece, painted in tempera about 1500. — Wall 3 :
1906g, 1906h. L. Cranach the Elder, Duke Henry the Pious and his con-
sort Catharine.
Room M. Wall .8: Rubens, 963. Head of a bishop, of his late period,
958a. Last Judgment, sketch for the large picture at Munich; 1031, 1030.
Van Dyck, Portraits; *964a. Ruhens, Portrait. — Wall 2: *962c. Rubens,
Mercury about to slay Argus, a work of his latest period.
Room L. Wall 3 : *1834. C. van Everdingen, Bacchus with two
nymphs and Cupid; 1782. Aelb. Cuyp, Boy with a greyhound. — Wall 2:
1791. Aert de Gelder, 'Behold your King', the masterpiece of this pupil
of Rembrandt (dated 1671).
A short corridor leads hence to rooms 0, P, Q,. — In Room 0. Wall 3 :
1868a. Master of the Hausbuch (ca. 1190), Pieta. In Room Q. Wall 1:
809a. Master of the Death of the Virgin, Adoration of the Magi. — We
now retrace our steps through Room L to reach —
Room K. Wall 1 : 1564. Rembrandt, Weighing gold ; 1196. Fr. Snyders,
Boar-hunt; 1566. Rembrojidt, Entombment, a school-piece touched up by
the master in 1653; *1603. F. Bol, Rest on the Flight into Egypt. —
Wall 3: *1601. F. Bol, Jacob's dream, a masterpiece, in the manner of
his master Rembrandt. *962. Rubens, Boar-hunt, a very spirited work
(about 1614); *1191, 1191. Fr. Snyders, Still-life, two large works of
admirable decorative effect; **1563. Rembrandt, Manoah's sacrifice, a
finelv-coloured masterpiece (dated 1641), *1560. Samson's riddle (1638). —
Wall 1: 1192, *1195. Snyders, Still-life; *1571. Rembrandt, Portrait of
an old man (ca. 1645); 1792a. Aert de Gelder, The document: Rembrandt,
1558. Ganymede carried off by the eagle, a realistic work of his early
196 Route 29. DRESDEN". Picture Gallery.
period (1635), 1570. Portrait of an old man. a highly finished work of
his late period. 1569. Portrait of himself in old age (dated 1657), *1561.
The bittern shooter (dated 1639}. — Wall 2. *1335. Jan Venneer van Delft,
G-roup in a balconv. an earlv and finely coloured masterpiece (1656).
Rembrandt. **1562' Portrait of his wife'Saskia f? ; dated 1641). *1567.
Portrait of an old man (most lifelike and of remarkable colouring; 1654),
*1559. Portrait of himself and Saskia (the 'Breakfast': about 1637), 1.569.
Portrait of himself, drawing ^657).
Room J. Wall 4: Van Dyck. *1017. Drunken Silenus, an earlv work,
1029. *1026. Portraits; 972. Pupil of Rubens. Lion-hunt;' 986b. Rubens,
His two sons, a good school-copy of the fine painting in the collection
of Prince Liechtenstein: 682. Ribera. Diogenes with his lantern. • —
"Wall 3: *1010. Jordaens, Diogenes looking for a man, full of a some-
what coarse humour: Van Dyck. *1024. St. Jerome (an early work of
great breadth of handling and picturesque effect). 1023c. *1023d. Portraits;
1012. .Jordoena. Presentation in the Temple: *955. Ruhens, St. Jerome,
a highly-finished work of his Roman period; *1011. Jordaens, The
Prodigal Son. — Wall 1 (beginning to the right): 1023b. Va7i Dyck,
Portraits; *960. Rubens, Portrait, one of the best he ever painted, of his
middle period ; 1038. Sir Peter Lely (copy of Yan Dyck), Charles I. of
England: *965. Ruhens, Bathsheba. a luminous work in his latest manner;
1033. Van Dyck. Children of Charles I.; *964b. Ruhens, 'Quos Ego',
Xeptune stilling the winds, painted for the triumphal entry of the Infant
Ferdinand into Antwerp in 1635; Van Dyck, 1034. Queen Henrietta, wife
of Charles I. of England. *1027, *1028. Man and wife (about 1630); 1011.
Jac. Jordaens. Old and voung. — Wall 2: Velazquez, *698. Portrait,
**697. Juan Mateos. Master of the Royal Hunt(?); 1023a. Van Dyck,
Young man; Rubens, 957. Hercules carried off by a nymph and a satyr,
956. Victory crowning the champion of virtue, painted in Italy for the
Duke of Mantua.
Room H is devoted to works of the Spanish School., a few of
wbicli are also in Room J.
Room H. Wall 4: Murillo. *705. Virgin and Child, of delicate
colouring and charming simplicity*, 704. St. Rodriguez. — Wall 3 : *703b.
Murillo. Death of St. Clara (1646); *683. Ribera, St. Agnes, the face
showing the features of the master's beautiful daughter (1641), — Wall 1 :
696. Zurbaran, St. Bonaventura, on behalf of the cardinals, choosing the
pope in 1271.
We now ascend to the Cupola Saloon (G-), which is above the
lofty portal.
This small room contains twelve valuable pieces of ^Tapestry. The
six below (a-f) are old Flemish, some of them perhaps from cartoons by
Q. Matsys (a., admirable Crucifixion). The six above ''g-nij were probably
woven in England from cartoons by Raphael.
A staircase ascends lience to the Upper Floor, wMcli contains
the Modern Pictures (19th cent.), the arrangement of which is
frequently altered owing to the arrival of new acquisitions.
On the Staircase (R. 22): Wall a: 2518. Gerard, Napoleon I. —
Wall b: 2509. A. Thedy, Adoration of the Cross; 2259. Dreber, Ideal
landscape. — Wall d: 2586. Roller, Oxen ploughing; 2218. Schnorr von
Carolsfeld, St. Paul and Ananias, sketch for a window in St. Paul's,
London.
Rooms to the Right (Xos. 23-30). R. 23. Wall a: 2503. Preller,
Centaur and nymph in an ideal landscape; 2236. Hilbner, The Golden
Age ; 2230. L. Richter. Spring landscape with bridal procession. Wall b :
2217. Sch7iorr von Carolsfeld. Holv Familv; 2470. A. Feuerbach, Ma-
donna. Wallc: 2229. i?fr7?/6r. The Schreckenstein: 2221. PescTjeZ, Jacob's
home-coming. Wall d: Richter. 2228. Ariccia. 2227. Civitella. — R. 24.
Picture Gallcrij. DRESDEN. 29. Boyfr. ;197
Wall a: 2SU. Etid. Jordan, Shipwreck. Wall c: 2201. Dahl, Norwegian
scene; 2274. Scholtz, Cornfield. Wall d: 2473. Kuntz, A greeting from
the outside world. — R. 25. Wall a: 2407. Leibl, Female head; 2492.
Baisch, Cattle going to water; 2392. K. Raupp, Storm - driven ; 2296.
Kiessling, Mignon ; 2397. Gebler, The Seven Sleepers. Wall b : 2345.
A. Aclienhach, Dutch coast; 2326. Schenker, Landscape. Wall c: 2371.
Oehmichen, Paying taxes ; 2362. Vatitier, Between the dances ; 2360.
O. Achcnhach, Bay of Naples. Wall d: 2432. Claus Meyer, Cats. —
H. 26. Wall a: 2370. Rasmussen, Mountain-lake in Norway; 2401. Jos.
Brandt, Polish freebooters; 2375. Von Bochmann , Thirsty. Wall b:
2365. Von Gchhardt, Anointing the body of Christ; 2373. Bolcelmayin,
Emigrants. Wall c: 2276. Leonhardi, Forest-scene; 2423. F. A. von Kaid-
bach, Spring. Wall d: 2155. P. Meyerheim, Menagerie; 2448. L. Knaua,
Before and behind the scenes. — R. 27. Wall a: 2444. Becker, Picture-
sale; 2408. Leibl, Girl knitting; 2406. Schuch, Tumulus; 2287. F. Pau-
wela, Prince visiting the hospital at Ypres. Wall b : 2400. G. Max,
A Paternoster; 2402. Gysis, Punishment of a poultry-thief in Smyrna.
Wall c: 2358. 0. Achenbach, Rocca di Papa. Wall d: 2387. Defregger,
Taking farewell of the Alpine herd-girl ('Sennerin'). — R. 28. Wall a:
2374. Normann, The Rafssund in Norway. Wall b: 2477. Mimkacsy,
Crucifixion. Wall c: 2434. Aug. Dieffenbacher, A blow of fortune;
2386. Lier, The Oise by moonlight. Wall d: 2359. O. AcheMbach, Festival
in Ischia. — R. 29. Wall b: H. Hoifmann, 2265. The Woman taken in
adultery, 2266. Christ in the Temple. Wall c: 2480. Lessing, Convent
on fire. Wall d: 2278. A. von Gotz, Crown-Prince Albert of Saxony,
victor at Beaumont. — R. 30. Wall a: 2531. Calame, Landscape; 2485.
Hoff, Bad news ; 2300. Preller the Younger, Monastery near Subiaco.
Wall b: 2309. Pohle, King Albert. Wallc: 2504. VonKameke, Landscape;
2388. Defregger, Scythe-forging for the Tyrolese insurgents. Wall d :
2446. Gude, Fishers landing. — We return to the staircase and enter the — •
Rooms to the Left (Nos. 31-38). R. 31. Wall a: 24.30. Strobentz,
Love's young dream. Wall b: 2487. Tlioma, Portrait of himself; 2540.
a. Meunier, The puddler. Wall c: 2460. Klinger, Picta. Wall d: 2523.
Puvis de Chavannes, The fisherman's family. — R. 32. Wall a: 2443.
Menzely Beer-garden! Wall c; 2290. Ochme, Quarry in Saxon Switzer-
land. — R. 33. Wall a: 2433. Haitg, Sunrise; 2369. Dilcker, Scene in
Riigen ; 2442. Menzel, Yegetable-market in Verona. Wall b : 2324. Kuehl,
Tlie Augustus Bridge in winter. Wall c: 2376. Fellmann, Reception of
a monk into the Benedictine order. Wall d : 2479. Moll, Before the feast.
— R. 34. Wall a: 2456. Skarbhia, Belgian tavern; 2441. Menzel, A
sermon ; 2534. Bocklin, A summer day ; 2366. Gebhardt, Jacob wrestling
with the angel; 2420. F. von Uhde, Portrait of himself; Lenbach, 2390.
R. Begas, 2391. Paul Heyse ; 2457. Liebermann, Sempstress. Wall b:
2521. Couture, Bird-catcher. Wall c: Bocklin, 2532. Pan and Syrinx,
2535. War; 2486. Thoma, G-uardian of the valley. Wall d: 2488. Thoma,
Spring idyll. — R. 35. Wall a: 2538. Krohg, Norwegian pilot-boat;
2530. 3Ielchers, Dutch ship-carpenter; 2516. Dei^/^i^a/m, Difficult landing.
Wall b : 2377. Kampf, Worshippers. Wall c: 2496. Comit von Kalckreuth,
Age. — R. 36. Wall a: 2330. Bantzer, Hessian peasant-woman; 2417.
F. von Uhde, Bethlehem. Wall b : 2533. Bocklin, Delights of spring.
Wall c: 2337. Milller, Sister of Mercy; 2323. Kuehl, In the Lubeck or-
phanage. — R. 37. Wall a: 2454. BracM, Autumn day on the south
coast of England. Wall b: 2389. Lenbach, Minghetti, the Italian states-
man; 2522. Courbet, The stone-breakers. Wallc: 2494. Schonleber, Low
tide at Flushing; 2462. Leistikoiv, Brick-kilns. — R. 38. Wall a: 2458.
Friese, Lions in the desert. Wall b : 2472. H. Makart, Summer. Wall c :
2541. Claus, Cattle-ferry at Afsne.
The Ground Floor contains in Rooms 39-43 (reached by the
door opposite the staircase; comp. p. 191) works by older G-erman
artists, and recent acquisitions.
198 Boi'te 29. DKESDEX. Picture Gallery.
R. 4a). Wall a: 2197. A'. D. FHedrich (d. 1840). Havmakers resting.
— R. 42. Wall a: 2419a. Uhde, At the summer-resort. ~ R. 43. Wall a:
uo number. L. Bichter, Italian landscape ; 2242a. Bayski. Portrait of his
sister. Wall b: 2249a. Gonne, Portrait of his mother. Wall c: 2264a.
H. Hofmann, Portrait of the sculptor Ernst Hahnel.
We return to tlie archway /p. 186) and enter Booms 52-69,
which contain German, French, and Italian Works of the period
of the decline in the 18th cent., and Pastels.
The badly-lighted anterooms contain colossal Venetian paintings of
the 18th century. We turn to the left and traverse R. 53 to R. 52, in
which are pastels ('18-19th cent.), chiefly by Bosalha Carn£ra, and minia-
tures of the same period. — RR. 53. 54.' French works: 781. 782. Watteau,
and 785. IS^. Lonc?'ct. Fetes chanipetres ; 1S4:. Lan^ret, Festive dance. —
RR. 55. 56. German works. Portraits by Graff', Denner, Angelica Kauff*-
mann. including (in R. bo) 2166-2168. Gra/f, Portraits of himself; (in
R. 56; Angelica Kauffiaann, 2182. the well-known Vestal Virgin. 2181.
Sibyl; 2189. Yogel, Two boys. — R. 57. Italian works. 454. Battoni,
Repentant Magdalen; 582. Canale, Santi Giovanni e Paolo at Venice. —
R. 58-62. Canale, Views of Venice ; Canaletto (Belotto). Views of Verona,
Dresden. Pirna. etc. — R. 63. Crayon portraits of distinguished persons,
most of them by Bosalha Carriera. a few by Baphael Mengs, the best
by De la Tour (163. 164} and Liotard (159. Portrait of the painter in
the costume worn by him at Constantinople ; 160. Count Maurice of
Saxony; *161. The chocolate girl; 162. Portrait of the artist's niece, 'the
beautiful Lvonnaise'). — We return to R. 58 and traverse the anteroom
on the left,' to R. 64. Italian works. 392-398. Crespi, The Seven Sacra-
ments. — RR. 65-67. German works. Small works by the Saxon court-
painter Dietrich (d. 1774). — R. 69. French works: Silcestre, 771, Maria
Josepha. 770. Augustus II. and Frederick William I. of Prussia.
The Collection of Engravings, which also is on the ground-
floor of the Xew Museum (adm., see p. 179; Director, Dr. Lehrs),
founded by Augustus II. and afterwards gradually extended, now
comprises 500,000 plates, from the earliest masters (15th cent).
down to the present day. The show-cases (beginning to the left) in
Room A contain a number of the most interesting plates of the
15-18th cent., arranged so as to illustrate the development of the
art, while Room C contains a similar collection of the second half
of the 19th century. Room B contains the recent acquisitions, and
in Room D is an exhibition (changed quarterly) of some of the chief
plates. The others are kept in portfolios, which are shown on ap-
plication by filling up one of the printed forms in Room A. There
is a separate room for students.
The Zoological and Ethnographical Museum (entr. on
the S.W. side of the Zwinger, opposite the Sophien-Kirche: Director.
Dr. Jakobi; adm., see p. 180; catalogue 50 pf.j contains good col-
lections of stuffed birds, nests, .shells, and (accessible to naturalists
only) of eggs and insects. The Japanese, Polynesian, East Asian,
and Javanese articles in the ethnological section (on the upper
floor- are also interesting. — The Mineralogical and Pre-
historic Museum entr. in the W. passage, opposite the Museum;
Director. Dr. Kalkowsky: adm.. see p. 180j contains some inter-
esting fossils from Eichstatt. — In the X.W. angle of the Zwinger
Kreuz-Kirche. DRESDEN. 2.9. Tioute. 199
is the Mathematical and Physical Saloon (coiiip. p. 186; Director,
Dr. Pattenhausen), which is entered from the Zwinger Wall (adin.,
see p. 179) and contains instruments and apparatus of the 16-19th
centuries.
c. The Old Town, with the Museum Johanneum
and the Albertinum.
Opposite the Zwinger (p. 18()), towards the E., rises the Prinze})-
Palais (Pl.D, 5; //), erected by Poppelmann (p. 186) in 1707-11.
In front stands the Wettin Obelisk (1895), 62 ft. in height. The
Sophieii-Kirche (PL D, 5; //), or Protestant court-church, dating
from the 13th and 14th cent., was handsomely restored in the
Gothic style in 1864-68.
In the Post-Platz, to the S., stands the General Post Office
(PI. D 6, //; p. 178). In front of it is the 'Cholera Fountain',
erected in 1846 and restored in 1891.
The Altmakkt (PI. E, 6 ; //) is embellished with a "^Figure of
Germania in memory of the war of 1870-71, modelled by Henze
and executed in Carrara marble by Cellai (1880). The Old Eat-
hanSj on the W. side, was built in 1741-45. The busy Konig-
Johann- Strasse leads hence to the Pirnaische-Platz. Adjacent
(Johannes-Str. 18) is the Municipal Museum (adm., see p. 180),
containing paintings (Kuehl, Lenbach, LudwigRichter, etc.), Dresden
coins, models, ecclesiastical and municipal antiquities, autographs,
etc. — The Kreuz-Kirche (PL E, 6; //), founded ca. 1200 and
remodelled in 1491 and 1760, was burned down in 1897 and
restored in 1900. A motett is sung here on Sat. at 2 p.m. (see daily
papers). The tower (314 ft.) commands a good view of the town
(sho\vn at 12 and 5 p.m. ; fee 40 pf. ; sexton, An der Kreuzkirche 15).
To the S. are the Church Administration Office, the City Savings
Bank, and the Provincial Bank, all erected in 1907. — To the
S.E. of the Kreuz-Kirche is the New Rathaus , to which (when
iinished) the Municipal Museum will be transferred. — In the
Friedrichs-Ring is the Reformed Church (PL E, 6; //), erected
in 1894. Close by is the Victoria-Haus (p. 176), built in the Ger-
man Renaissance style in 1891-92. — The Central-Theater (PL
D 6, //; see p. 178), in the Waisenhaus-Str., is a baroque edifice
of 1897. Opposite (]^o. 9) is the tastefully fitted up Reading Room
{Lesehalle: adm., see p. 180).
In the Neumarkt (PL E, 5; //) rises the Frauen-Kirche,
or Church of Our Lady, erected in 1726-43, with a lofty dome
(musical vespers on Sat. at 4 p.m.). The lantern is 310 ft. in height
(fine view; 1-4 pers. 1 -Jl; sexton, Moritz-Str. 4, fourth floor). —
The Platz in front of the church is embellished with a *Lutheii
Monument, by Rietschel, a bronze-cast after the original at Worms.
— Behind the church is the old Cosel Palace, now containing
200 Boufe 29. BRESBEK". Museitin Johanneum.
models of modern Freucli sculpture (Bartliolome, Barye, Bubois,
Fremiet, Rodin, etc.; adm., see p. 179).
In the N.W. angle of the square is situated the *Museuni
Johanneum (PL E, 5; II), erected in 1586-89 and altered in
1872-75. It now contains the Historical Museum and Gallery of
Arms (^on the first floor) and the Collection of Porcelain (on the
second floor). The entrance is in the Augustus-Str., through the
quaint-looking court ^'Stallhof).
The ^Historical Museum (adm., see p. 180: 'guide' 50 pf.), on
the 1st floor, contains weapons, armour, domestic chattels, costumes,
and other objects of historical or artistic value. This collection, the
most valuable of the kind in Germany, comprises many precious works
of the German and Italian Renaissance. The objects are furnished with
labels. Some of Schnorr's cartoons for his frescoes at Munich are also
l)reserved here. — Ante-Room. Two c\7)ress-wood gaming-tables (ca.
1625); two inlaid cabinets by Hans Schifferstein (ca. 1615;; portraits of
Elector Augustus and his wife, by Cra.nacli the Younger. — A. Art
Saloox (Kunstl:a.mmer). Entrance Wall. Glass and goblets. In the
middle, Jewel-cabinet of the Electress Sophia, by Hans Kellerthaler
(1585} ; ^'Positive' or choir-organ, by C. "Walther (1584). By the second
window-recess. Reliefs in embossed ^silver, by Seb. Battler (ca. 1625). —
B. Medieval Armoury. To the left of the entrance. Helmets of the
12-15th cent.; 75. Suit of Gothic armour (ca. 1470). To the right of the
entrance. 76. German tilting-suit (ca. 1500). To the right of the exit.
117a. Armour of Emp. Maximilian (ca. 1515). The cases contain the
electoral sword of Frederick the Quarrelsome (1425; Xo. 34), the gala-
sword of Count Eberhard of Wurtemberg (1474: Xo. 36), and other blades
of the 9-16th centuries. — C. Tourxamext Hall. Jousting weapons of
Saxon princes and nobles (16th cent.). By the rear wall. Xos. 3 & 4.
Tournament in full armour (1550-53). — D. Saloox of Foot-Combats.
In the centre of Wall I. 1. Gala armour of Charles Emmanuel of Savoy
(d. 1630). of Italian workmanship ; to the right and left, two suits in
silver (Xos. 2 &: 3). executed in 1591 for Elector Christian I. of Saxony
(d. 1591) and his friend Prince Christian of Anhalt (d. 1630). — *E. Parade
Saloox. Xine sumptuous suits of equestrian armour, belonging to Saxon
princes. Xo. *7 (under glass\ a suit of Christian II. (d. 1611), purchased
at Xuremberg in 1606. is the most magnificent and valuable of the col-
lection (reliefs of the Argonauts and Trojan War; on the horse-armour,
the labours of Hercules). Between Xos. 8 and 14 are three suits in
gilded copper for unmounted men (Xos. 9, 11. & 13). In the cabinets are
swords, shields, and helmets of different workmanship, several of them
decorated with artistic reliefs. In the first window-case: 575. Electoral
sword of Maurice (1548). In Wall Case XXX, to the left of the exit,
770. Consecrated sword presented to Augustus II. by Pope Benedict XIII.
(1725). — F. Pistol Chamber. Fire-arms of the 16-17th cent., many of
them of Saxon princes. In the first window-case, 66. 67. Pistols of
Gustavus Adolphus and Louis XIV. In the second window-case is the
so-called 'Monksbuchse' (ca. 1500; Xo. 73). an early form of breech-
loader. Cases lY-XV. contain hand-guns and pistols of 1540-1700. —
G. Battle Saloox. Arms of offence and defence (1500-1700). 29. Armour
of Henry the Pious (d. 1541); 39. Armour of Elector Maurice. In an
adjoining glass-case (38) the blood-stained scarf worn by the latter at
the battle of Sievershausen (1553 : see p. 183) , and *the bullet by
which he was killed. 113. Armour' of Elector John George III. (1683) ;
184. Standard of Pappenheim's cuirassiers, captured at Liitzen in 1632.
On the walls are maces, swords, daggers, and cuirasses. In the first
window-case: 144. 145. Batons of Tilly and Pappenheim. — H. Modern
Saloox. To the right of the entrance, under glass, is the horseshoe
Museum Johanneum. DRESDEN. -^- Route. 20 i
broken with his naked hand by Augustus the Strong in 1711. In the
first window-case: 9, 11. Sword and pistols of Charles XII. of Sweden;
13, 14. Two swords of Peter the Great. In the centre: French mitrail-
leuses, captured in 1870-71 ; in front, marshal's staff of King Albert.
On the walls, weapons of tlie 18-19th cent., chiefly of the Saxon and
Polish w'ars and the war of 1870-71. Hanging from the ceiling, Turkisli
and Saxon standards. — J. Turkish Tent of the Grand -Vizier Kara
Mustapha, captured at the raising of the siege of Vienna in 1683 by the
Saxon army under Elector John George III. In Glass-case 4: 175. Polish
scale-armour with Maltese crosses (ca. 1680); 176. Gala-shield of King
John III. Sobieski of Poland. In the window-cases: Hungarian, Polish,
and Oriental weapons. — K. Saddle Chamber. Sumptuous caparisons,
embroidered trappings, etc., used on festive occasions. 10, 11. Caparisons
of Elector John George IV., one set with 550 rubies, the other with
500 pearls and 700 diamonds ; 13. Caparison of Augustus the Strong. At
the entrance to the next room, in Case XI, are relics of Napoleon I. —
L. Costume Chamber. Court and gala costumes of the 16-18th cent.;
mitres of bishops of Meissen (14-16th cent.).
We now return to Room B and pass through Room M (containing
weapons of the chase) to the Gallery of Arms (adm., see p. 170;
catalogue 1 JC)., containing a valuable collection of fire-arms and other
weapons, pictures of tournaments, fine antlers, etc. — On the walls,
portraits of Saxon rulers down to Augustus II.
The ^Collection of Porcelain, on the second floor, one of the
finest of its kind, consists of about 20,000 specimens of Chinese, Japanese,
Indian, French, Dresden, and Italian w^orkmanship.
The examination of the Vestibule should be deferred till after the
main rooms have been visited.
Room I. *Chi)iese Porcelain of the best period (17-18th cent.). The
invention of porcelain in China dates from the 6th cent., but the oldest
extant specimens are of a much later date. The secret of painting under
the glaze, i. e. before firing, was not discovered, however, until the
15th century, and it was not till the turn of the 17th cent, that the art
reached its greatest perfection. Among the most notewortliy specimens
are figures of gods (Cabinets 1, 9); white and yellow ware with ornaments
(Table-Cases 2, 5); sea-green porcelain, or celadon (Cab. 3, 7a, 7b); crackle-
china (the cracks produced by a process of rapid cooling after the first
firing; Cab. 7c, Case 10a); yellow imperial or dragon china (17-18th cent.,
rare), manufactured for the personal use of the Emperor of China (Case 11,
front); turquoise-blue porcelain (very rare; Cases 11a & e), including six
large dogs of Fob (blue and violet); enamel-painting on biscuit china
(Cab. 11, back, g, h, i) ; porcelain with enamel-painting in the style of
the Ming dynasty (Cab. 13-20); *Dishes with patterns of animals and
plants, large *Dish with female figures (Case 13 f-k) ; dishes with scenes
of court-life (Case 15). Two *Lanterns (Case 15 i) ; large *Vases (Stand 19) :
coral-red porcelain (Cab. 20, back): rose porcelain (Cab. 22, b & c, and
Case 22); red porcelain (Cab. 22d-h); *Porcelain speckled with blue
(Cab. 24-26). On the stands in the middle (27-31, 33-37): *Monumental
vases of cobalt-blue, among them (though they can no longer be in-
dividually identified) the celebrated 'Dragoon Vases', said to have been
given by Frederick William I. of Prussia to Augustus the Strong in
1717 in exchange for a regiment of dragoons. Vase with the Saxon-
Polish arms (made in China; Stand 40). On the right side of the room,
^Hawthorn-pattern vases (deep blue ; in Cab 48 six priceless tankards
with lids). — Corridor. Japanese porcelain (17-18th cent.), Vases,
bowls, jilates, etc. (on stands and on the w^alls). — Imari Porcelain
(so-called after the shipping-port; Cases 55c, 55d). Old Imari ware,
large *Bow^ls (Cab. 59, b-d ; Case 56). Cobalt-blue porcelain (Stand 55a;
Cases 55b, 58).
Room II. European Porcelain, principally Bottger Ware and ^Dresden
(Meissen) China. The chemist J. F. Bottger (1682-1719) discovered the
202 Botite 29. DRESDEN. Albcrtinum.
secret of making porcelain in 1709. at first producing only red stoneware
erroneously termed 'Bottger' or 'Jasper Porcelain', but soon afterwards
also white porcelain. The manufacture was removed from Dresden to
Meissen 'p. 235} in 1710: so that the English term 'Dresden china' is
really a misnomer for what is more accurately called in German 'Meissen
china'. After Bottger's death the manufacture was carried on under the
court-painter Herold (d. 1775), assisted by the sculptor KdndJer (d. 1775),
who was the first to use the rococo forms of art for porcelain.
Cabinet 63: Bottger Stoneirare, without glaze: dark 'ironstone'
china. Cab. 66: Perfected Bottger ware. — Case 67 & Cab. 70: Bottger
Porcelain. Cases 70 f-k & 71. Cab. 73: Specimens produced under jfferoW
(see above), some with Chinese types. Cab. 76: Porcelain with coloured
ground. Cab. 79: Historical service (front); figures of the apostles and
groups by Kdndler (see above; behind). — Case 79 i: Meissen onion-
pattern. — The kiosks in front and behind (81. 81a' contain six large
'*Vases with the French arms, and small *Animals by Kandler. — Cab. 82:
Portions- of the '.Swan Service' which belonged to Count Briihl ; figures
and groups, incl. a -lovers' duet'. Case 82c: Cups with "SVatteau designs.
On the centre stands are large vases (incl. the 'snowball vases' : 84) and
large auimal-figures by Kandler. — Between Cab. 73 and 76 are groups
(mostly by Kandler;, representing the Crucifixion. Madonnas, a Pieta,
models of notabilities, etc, — Cab. 99-102 (on the side next the court):
China of the Maroolini period (1774-1815). — Biscuit-china figures. —
Cab, 102, 105: Dresden china made in 1880-87. Large vases on separate
stands. — Other European porcelain (18th cent.: Case 106, Cab. 108). —
Between Cab. 108 and 109: Vases from the imperial factory at St. Peters-
burg (1905). — Cab. 109: Vienna porcelain of the Empire style. In front
of the last are Sevres vases. — Cab. 110: *Bunch of flowers on a bronze
pedestal (from Yincennes).
Yestibcle. To the right and left of the entrance are Majolica vases
from Castelli. Cab. 119 contains German stoneware. Cab. 124. Recent
acquisitions. Cab. 120. Italian majolica (16-17th cent.). In the centre
stands the large drinking-table of the Elector Augustus I. (d. 1586); upon
it is a large fayence vase (18th cent.). The glass of the 17-18th cent, in
Cab. 125 (to the left of the exit; should be noticed.
Adjoining the Museum Johanneum on the S.. in the Judenhof,
is the handsome gate of the old palace-chapel, in the Renaissance
style, with sculptural ornamentation and a carved wooden door of
1555. The Johann-Georg Fountain here commemorates Saxony's
share in the relief of Tienna in 1683.
In the opposite corner of the Xeumarkt rises a Statue of Fred-
erick Augustus II. id. 1854). in bronze, by Hahnel.
The old Courland Palace, Zeughaus-Platz 3. dating from the
early 18th cent., contains first floon the Gehe Collection of drugs
and minerals (open on Wed.. 10-12).
The *Albertinuin 'PI. E, 5; II k originally the Arsenal, built
in 1559-63 and entirely altered in 1705 and 1743-47. was adapted
in 1884-89 for the reception of the sculpture-gallery and casts.
The staircase is decorated with frescoes and sculptures by H. Prell
(adm., see p. 179: entr. opposite the Belvedere). On the ceiling.
Overthrow of the Titans: right wall. Kape of Europa and the
Graces: left wall. Chaining of Kronos and the Fates. Marble
figures of Aphrodite and Prometheus. Director, Professor Treu.
The Maix Floor is occupied by the Collection of Antiquities,
rom the staircase we enter the Vestibule (XI;, which is adorned with
Albert inum.
DRESDEN.
?.9. jRoKte.
!03
1)iist.s of Saxon rulers and reproductions of ancient sculptures. Wc then
turn to the left and pass througli ten rooms in order to begin with the
Egyptian Room. /. Egyptian Boom. Mummies: Cases with scarabsei,
figures of tlic dead, and mummy-heads ; 4, Fragment of a papyrus of the
Book of the Dead; 5-7 (above), limestone reliefs from Glzeli; 1. Painted
wooden coffin (ca. 700 B.C.). — If. Eyi/ptian- Assyrian Room. 25, 26
(in the centre). Mummies from Sakkara (3rd cent. A.D); 27. Mummy-
l)ortrait from tlie Fayum ; 28, 30. Two lions of syenite; 31-37. Four
Assyrian alabaster reliefs from Nineveh; 31. Head of Antinous (Roman
])eriod); 32, 33. Tombstones from Palmyra. — ///. Uooin of Aixhalc
Greek Sculptures. In the centre: *51. Base of a candelabrum, with
reliefs referring to the theft of the Delphic tripod by Hercules; 50. Torso
of Athena Promaclie (so-called 'Dresden Palladium'). In front of the
second window, G7. Bronze cinerary urn from Capua. In the cabinets.
Vases in the geometric style, Greek and Etruscan black vases, terra-
cottas, and bronzes. — IV. Room of Phidias. By the entrance-wall,
135. Head of Athena, from S. Italy; 131, 132. Replicas of the Athena
Lemnia of Phidias; between these, 133. Milesian votive relief. In the
middle, 125. Clay sarcophagus from Clazomense (ca. 550 B.C.). In front
Jiii^aii^
of the window, 112. Marble relief with Hercules and the Ceryneean Hind ;
adjacent, to the left, 113. Bronze mirror from Megara, In tlic cabinets (G, H),
early-G-reek vases and terracottas. — F. Room of Poly clef us. Entrance-
wall, to the left, 156. Prize-fighter; to the right, 150. Zeus (Pliidian school);
152. Head of a Diadumenos (after Polycletus) In the middle : 151, 155. Sta-
tues of athletes; by the first window, *391. Bronze statuette of Aphrodite.
By the exit-wall, 158, 159. Statues of victorious boys (after Polycletus).
In the cabinets I-M, later Greek vases (5th cent.). — VI. Room of
Praxiteles. In the centre: 217. Son of Niobe ; 204. Artemis. By Use first
window. Reliefs. In Cabinet N" (to the right), Greek terracottas; 200.
Statuette of Plutus (after Cephisodotus) : 201. Satj'-r (after Praxiteles) ;
216. Head of Niobe. By the second window: 221. Artemis, from Salamis ;
*209. Head of a girl, from Cyzieus ; 210. Head of a girl, from Glzeh.
Cab. 0, with terracottas from Asia Minor. Marble torso of a Maenad,
after Scopas. — VII. Hellenistic Room. By the entrance-wall, 304. Her-
cules; in the centre, 314. Fragment of a wounded Gaul; 310, 311. Satyr
and Hermaphrodite. Exit-wall: 308. Rustic; 305. Athena; 307. Drunken
old woman. In the cabinets, vases and terracotta reliefs from Lower
Italy. In the window-cases, Reliefs and fragments of Aretine pottery. —
^J04 Routt: 29. DRESDEN. Friedrichstadt.
VIII. Boom of the Coloured Marbles. Specimeus of marble ; Etruscan
bronze mirrors : Italian terracottas. — IX. Boom of the 3Iomic8. Entrance-
wall: 361. Thalia. In the centre, 371. Mosaic pavement with Bacchus
and masks {from Civita Tecchia}.' To the left, each between Etruscan
cinerarv urns, 360. Euripides;?;, 372. Aphrodite (from Alexandria). In
front of the Aphrodite. 432. Gold ornaments from Ribualto, near Bolsena.
On the other side of the mosaic are two more Etruscan cinerary urns :
between these, 373. Serapis (bronze statuette from Alexandria) and a
case {d) with Etruscan bronze mirrors. Window-cases g and e contain
gold ornaments and gems. By the balustrade, *369. Mosaic ornament;
to the left. 367. Cupid and Psyche. — X. Boom of the Four Combatants.
In the centre, 450-453. Victorious pugilists. On the right of the stair-
case: 460. Antinous as Bacchus: 458. Boy playing with a lion, on a
Roman sarcophagus (459); Roman terracotta lamps. Side-wall, Roman
sarcophagi: 471. Silenus (fountain -figure). Exit -wall: 454. So-called
'Dresden Venus'; 455. Ariadne. — TTe now traverse the Vestibule (XI;
p. 202) and enter the Boom of the Berculaneum Women (XII), so called
from the" three draped *Statues in the centre (500, 501, 502) found in
almost perfect preservation at Herculaneum in 1713. To the right. 503.
Crirl playing with astragali. Roman portrait-busts (506-508. etc.). In the
first window-recess, 504. Tomb-ielief of a butcher. Exit-wall, Replica, by
Alex. Charpentier. of the stone relief of a baker, near St. Germain-des
Pres at Paris. — Booms XIII and XIV contain Modern Sculptures of
various kinds, among the most notable of which are Xos. 600 (Charles I.
of England). 601. 602. 635. 638. 616. 610, 606, 604, 700, and 701.
The First Floor and the Basement are devoted to the admirable
"^Collection of Casts of ancient, mediaeval, Renaissance, and modern
works. The arrangement is chronological, the modern works being placed
in the basement, which is reached by a staircase to the right of the
main entrance. The covered court is occupied by a collection of casts
and models of the works of Rietschel. Diez, Begas, Meunier, and others.
The groundfloor of the Albertinum also contains the Boyal Archives
(week-days, 9-1 & 3-6: Director, Dr. Posse).
To the E. of tlie Albertiuum is the Synagogue (PI. E, F, 5; //).
a Romanesque edifice by Semper. — Pillnitzer-Str.. see p. 206.
d. Suburbs on the Left Bank.
From the Post-Platz p. IGGj the Ostra-Allee runs to the N.W..
the Wettiuer-Str. to the ^V.. and the Anuen-Str. to the S.^.
In the Ostra-Allee, near the Zwinger, is the Her zogin- Garten
<P1. D, 5: // . with a Renaissance orangery. To the N., in the
Stallhof-Str., are the Boyal Mews (V\. D, 5; II). open 2-4 p.m.
The Wetti>'er-Strasse (PI. C. D, 5; /), with the Church of
St James ^1901 . leads to the Friedrichstadt. the quarter contain-
ing the Friedrichstadt Station and the extensive Friedrichstadt
Town Hospital (PI. B. C. 4: 1}. Part of the last occupies the old
^larcolini Palais, in which Xapoleon I. had his quarters at various
times in 1813. The garden, formerly one of the finest in Dresden,
contains a handsome fountain in sandstone, representing Xeptune and
Amphitrite, by Mattielli; the water plays in summer on Sun., 11-1,
and Thurs. and Sat., 3-5 p.m.; adm. gratis (entr. from the Wachs-
bleichgasseV — In the Boman Catholic Cemetery (PL C. 4; 7) is
the grave of Karl Maria von Weber (d. 1826), the composer.
QroHsa Garten, DRESDEN. 2^- Route. 205
At the end of the Annen-Stkasse (PL D, 6; //) stands tlie
Church of St. Anne (PI. D, 6; //), an edifice of the 16th cent.,
restored after a fire in 1760, and practically rebuilt in 1907. In
front of the church is the Anna Monument , erected in 1869 to
the wife (d. 1585) of Augustus T., from a design by Henze.
The Prager-Strasse leads to the S. from the Altstadt to the
Bismarck-Platz (PI. D, 7, 8; /), on the S. side of which is the
Technical School (PL D, 8; /), built in 1872-75 by Heyn. To the
right, in the Bcrnhard-Str., is the Scottish Presbyterian Church
(p. 179). ~ In the Reichs-Str. is the Russian Chapel (PL D, 8; /),
with six towers, designed by Bossc of St. Petersburg (Russian
service. Sat. 7 p.m.. Sun. 11 a.m.), and in the Reichs-Platz is the
tasteful American Church (PL D 8, /; p. 179). — In the Mlinchner
Platz is the Provincial Court House (PL C, 9; /), a picturesque
sandstone building by 0. Kramer (1907).
To the S.E. of the Altstadt is the Geokg-Platz (PL E, 6; //),
No. 6 in which is the modern Gothic Kreuz-Schule, a grammar-
school with a handsome hall (frescoes by Dietrich). In front of the
edifice are a bronze Statue of Theodore Korner (p. 179), by Hahnel,
and busts of Karl Gutzkow (d. 1878), the author, and Julius Otto
(d. 1877), the composer.
In the adjoining BuRGERWiESE (PL E, 6, 7: //), a large open
space with promenades, and farther on, throughout the whole S.
part of the town (Beust-Str., Goethe-Str., etc.), numerous handsome
modern dwelling-houses have sprung up, nearly all built in the
Renaissance style. In the Biirgerwiese are the Mozart Monument,
by Hosseus (1907; N. end) and other sculptural groups. — The
Moltke-Platz (PL E, 7; //) is embellished with the Nymph
Fountain by Brossmann (1865), and the Ferdinands-Platz (PL
E, 6) with the Goose-Stealer Fountain by Diez (1880). — To the
S., in the Wiener -Strasse, is the English Church (PL E 7, /;
p. 179), embellished with stained-glass windows. — The late Consul
Meyer's Collection of Modern Paintings, Beust-Str. 1 (PL E, 7 ; 7),
is vshown daily, 11-1 & 3-5, on application.
The Grosse Garten (PL G, H, 8, /; cafes and restaurants),
to the S.E. of the town, a royal park laid out in 1676 and sub-
sequently enlarged, covers an area of about 375 acres. It is inter-
sected by two broad avenues at right angles to each other, and is
embellished with marble groups. At the intersection of the avenues
stands the Lustschloss (PL G, 8; /), a chateau built in 1679-93,
where the Museum of the Saxon Antiqitarian Society and the
Saxon Folklore Society are now established.
The Museum (adm., see p. 180; eataloguc 50 pf.) consists chiefly of
ecclesiastical objects of mediseval origin, removed from the churches of
Saxony in consequence of the Reformation, and collected here in 1841.
It contains about 3000 objects in all.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 14
206 Route 29. DRESDEX. Royal Library.
The Botanic Garden^ to the X. of the Grosse Grarten, was laid
out in 1891 ('adm.. see p. 179t. Adjacent is the mnnicipal Ex-
hibition Building PL F, G, 6. 7 : /), entered from the Stiibel-Allee.
in which is the Stuhel Fountain. — The Zoological Garden
(PI. F 8, J: adm., see p. 180) lies to the S. (concert-hall and
restaurant). To the "VT. is the Sport-JPlatz, with a bronze figure
of a ball-player, by Fabricius (1908). — In the Elias-Str. is the
Ehrlich Foundation <P1. F, 6; J/i. with a church (1907) and a
Statue of Count Zinzendorf^h. at Dresden in 1700; comp. p. 399),
by Engelke (1906 1. — Farther to the X.W., at the corner of the
Grunaer-Str. and Albrecht-Str., is the Kiinstlerhaus (PL F, 6; //),
erected in 1908.
To the X. of the Ehrlich Foundation is the imposing baroque
building'of the School & Museum of Industrial Art (PL G,
5: /;, erected in 1901-7 from the plans of Lossoic and Viehweger.
The museum is entered from the Elias-Str. (adm., see p. 180 1.
Director, Prof. Berling. Catalogue 40 pf.
The various rooms of the museum are fitted up in the taste of the
(lifi'erent periods of art and contain appropriate furniture and other ob-
jects. Perhaps the most attractive is the Empire Po.vilion (So. 11). con-
taining tapestry from the end of the 18th century. The Court contains
sandstone groups by Matielli.
The Kandler porcelain in Room 19 fCase 69) .should not be overlooked.
From Room 20 a rococo door (closed; leads to the "^Aula. which is
shown on request. This was the banquet-room of the Briihl Palace (torn
down in 1901) and dates from the middle of the 18th century. The
ceiling-painting, by Silvestre. represents the victory of the virtues over
the vices. The richly gilt doors and walls Avere decorated by Deibel,
In the Pillxitzee-Strasse, which begins near the Albertinum
/p. 202), is the Church of St. John, a Gothic edifice built in 1878
by Mockel. with elaborate plastic decoration inside. Xo. 63 is the
Schilling Museum iPl. G 6, //; adm., see p. 180; illustrated cata-
logue 50 pf. I. with models of the works of that master.
e. Right Bank of the Elbe.
In the Neustadt. on the right bank of the Elbe, in the Market
Place adjoining the Augustus Bridge, rises an equestrian Statue of
Augustus II. PL E, 4: II k 'the Strong', over lifesize, in gilded
copper, by Wiedemann of Augsburg, 1736 ? model, see p. 184).
Turning to the left, we soon reach the Japanese Palace
Vl. D, E, 4: /\ erected by Count Flemming in 1715, purchased
by Augustus II. in 1717, and named after the Japanese porcelain
(see p. 201 1 formerly preserved here. It is now wholly occupied
by the Royal Library ladm.. see p. 179; Director, Dr. Ermisch).
The Librarv. founded by Elector Augustus (d. ISSS"!, now comprises
500.000 vols., 2000 incunabula, 6000 MSS., and 28,000 maps. Historical
works and modern literature form the most valuable part of the collection.
On the staircase are marble busts of Goethe and Tieck. by David
iV Angers. — Numerous interesting furiosities are exhibited in glass-cases
Roijcd Theatre. DRESDEN. 25. Botite. 207
in the Treasure Room. Case i. Maya MS. from Yucatan, 12 ft. long-,
written on both sides ; Codex BGrnevianus of the Pauline Epistles,
written in the 9th cent, by an Irisli monk at St. Gall; poems by Uana
Sachs (autograph) ; Bohemian Bible (15th cent.) ; part of Gutenherg'a
42-line Bible; Indulgence of 1188; Bihlia Panperu7n: Psaltery, being
the earliest printed work with a date (1157) ; first German edition of
Seb. BranVs Narrenschifl' (14.94), witli 111 woodcuts. — Case h. Runic,
calendars of boxwood, of the 12th and 18th cent. ; Valturius 'De re mili-
tari\ a parchment MtS. of the 15th cent., with illustrations; *Volume with
fifty-six miniatures of eminent men uf the 15-16th cent., probably by
Cranach the Younger; three Breviaries with miniatures of the 15-16t]i
cent.; illustrated MS. of the ^ SachsenspieijcV, 1380; collection of portraits
of Saxon princes from the earliest times until Augustus II. — Case /'.
Greek papyrus of the Ptolemaic period; municipal accounts of Leipzig,
inscribed on black waxen tablets ; two woodcuts in chiar'oscuro ; MSS. of
Luther (1531) and Melanchthon; facsimile of Diircr's Four Books of
Human Proportions (original in the MSS. room); translation of Dante
by Philalethes (King John of Saxony), the beginning in the king's hand-
writing; Weber\s Jubilee overture (autograph); A. W. SchlegeVs trans-
lation of Hamlet (autograph). — Case (j. Octagonal Koran, of the size
of a crown-piece; Koran of Sultan Bajazet II.; MS. of a Turkish poem
against drinking, with fine illustrations. — In Cases 1-6, by the windows,
are sumptuous stamped bindings. — The next room but one contains a
cast of Gellert's features after death, in coloured wax. — Amongst the
treasures not shown to the public is the Atlas Royal, a collection in
19 folio vols, of portraits of princes and princesses of the 17th cent.,
with maps, plans, etc. (three copies only of the work were made at
Amsterdam in 1707; one is now at The Hague, another at Copenhagen).
The Japanese Garden., or Palais- Garten, behind the palace,
which is open to the public, affords a pleasant view.
Marhle tablets and medallions on No. 7 Korner-Str. mark the
house once occupied by Councillor Korner, where Schiller resided
in 1786-87, and where Theodore Korner was born in 1791. It
contains the Korner Museum (PL E, 4; //), with many memorials
of the poet of the 'Lyre and Sword' and of the wars of liberation at the
beginning of the century (adm., see p. 179; Director, Dr. Peschel).
From the market-place the broad Haupt-Strasse, planted with
rows of trees, leads towards the N.E. Farther on, to the left, rises
the Dreikonigs-Kirche (PL E, 4; /), erected in 1732-39, with its
lofty modern tower.
The Haupt-Strasse ends at the Albert-Platz (PL E, F, 4; /),
with its two handsome fountain-groups in bronze, by Rob. Diez
(1894), representing Calm Water and *Stormy Waves. At the bo-
ginning of the Bautzener-Str. are an Artesian Well (in a small
temple ; 1906) and the Royal Theatre {Schauspielhaus ; PL F 4, /;
p. 178), adorned with sculptures by Menzel and Henze, sgrafitto
paintings by Dietrich, and ceiling-paintings by Oehme. — The
Bautzener-Str. leads to the right to the (Jothic Luther - Kirche
(PL F, 3; /), built in 1887. — To the S., near the Carola Bridge,
rises the Finance Ministei'^s Office (PL E, 5; II), Fine views
from the terrace in front of it and from the bridge. To the E.
stands the Ministry of Beligion, Justice., and the Interior (PL
F, 4, 5, //: 1900-1904).
14*
208 Boiitf 29. BRESDEX. Environs.
To the X.E. of the Xeiistadt extends the quarter known as the
Albertstadt. containing the Romanesque Garrison C/?wrcA (1900),
the Arsenal (PL G-, 1; /}, the Boyal Army Museum (adni., see
p. 179; portraits, etc.), large Barracks, and other military estab-
lishments. The BoyaJ Arsenal Collection (adm., see p. 179) in-
cludes an interesting collection of portable fire-arms on the first
floor.
In the Old Xeustadter Kirchhof. ^ ^ M. to the X. of the Silesiaii
Station, risess on obelisk to the memory of soldiers who fell durino: the
revolution of 1849. The wall of the cemetery is adorned with a Dance
of Death, consisting of 27 figures in relief, executed in 15.S4,
f. Environs of Dresden.
(Comf). the Map. and R. 30. — Tramways and Steamboats, see pp.177, 178.)
The suburb of Plauen (see p. 221) is most conveniently reached by
Tramwav Xo. 15.
The 'Bergstrasse (PI. D, 79; I) leads from the Central Station to the
.suburb of Kacknitz (PI. D 10, //tramway Xo. 6), IV4 M. to the S. of the
town, just beyond which, to the left, is situated Moreau's 2Ionument
'.V\. E, 10 ; / , surrounded by three oaks , erected near the spot where
the general was mortally wounded, 27th Aug.. 1813. Close by is the
Bisma rclc-Wo rte . with view of the Saxon Switzerland. — A still more
extensive prospect is enjoyed from the Goldene Hohe (1140 ft. ; Restaurant),
4J/2 M. farther to the S. — To the X.E. of Racknitz is Strehlen, a residential
suburb with a fine church (PL G, H, 9; I), built in 1905. — Th<iraiult
(p. 222) is another favourite resort.
A pleasant drive (tramway Xo. 11, p. 177) may be taken along the
slopes of the vine - clad hills on the right bank of the Elbe , passing
numerous villas and the popular establishments of TTaldschlosschen (PI.
1 3. I: 11 '4 M. from the Augustus Bridge) and Saloppe {Vl. K, 3; /), a
steamboat-station. Below, on the Elbe, is the turreted building of the
Dresden water-works. About ^/^ M. from the Waldschlosschen are the
Albrcchts-SchJoss (PI. K. L. 3 : /) and the ViUa Alhrechtsberg. A little
farther up the river is the Villa Eckherg . built in the English style,
with three towers. — Pleasant silvan walks from the Alhrechtsberg through
the King Albert Park to the Wolfshilgel (690 ft. : PL L. 2. 3, /; belvedere).
About 2 M. farther on is the "Weisse Hirsch (720 f t. : PL X, 3, 4, 7),
a favourite summer-resort (visitors' tax 5 JC). connected with Dresden by
electric tramway ! Xo. 11, p. 177) and with Loschwitz (sec below) by a cable-
tramway (up 20. down io. return 25 pf.}. It is situated on the' edge of
the Dresdener Heide. a wooded plateau, and is most widely known through
Dr. Lahmanns Sanaiorium {V\. H 3, /; pens, from li JC) . but there
arc now other sanatoria [Dr. Teuscher's, etc.). besides hotels and pen-
sions, anions: which mav be mentioned the Kurhans (PL a; R. 2-6. pens.
B-12 'jC) and the Park Hotel (PL b; R. ^'r^^:^. pens, from 6 JC). The
Luisenhof Restaurant (PL X, 4) affords a fine view.
From the road to Loschwitz we may diverge to the right to visit the
small summer-house (Schillerhduschen ; PL M, 4) in a vineyard where
Schiller wrote his Don Carlos in 1785-87. At Loschwitz (VI. M, X. 5),
a village with 6300 inhab., connected with Dresden by tramways 1 & 18
(pp. 177, 178), are the Demnitz Hotel (PL c) , ihe Hotel -Restaurant
Victoriahohe (PL X, 5). and a small monument to Ludwig Richter (d. 1884),
the painter. An elevated railway ('Schwebebahn' ; PL X, 5) ascends hence
to the Rochiritzer-Hohe (view; hotel-restaurant) in 3 min.: fares, up 20.
down 10, return 25 pf. '
Opposite Loschwitz. on the left bank (bridge), lies Blasewitz {Belle-
cue, very fair- Srhilhr-Gartfu Rpstnt/rnnt. both with view", also reached
SAXON SWITZP]KLANT). -^o. Haute. 209
by traniwavb 1 & 18 (pp. 177, 178). Following the left bank, we pa.SK
Tolkeivitz,' iiua reach Laubega^t, with a monument to Caroline Neuber,
the actress, who died here in 1760 (tramway No. 19, p. 178). — At Hoster-
ivitz, 8V2 M. from Loschwitz, Weber composed his TreischUtz' and
'Oberon'.
Pillnitz (375 ft.; Restat^'ants and steamboat -station; tramway 18,
p. 178), on the right bank of the Elbe, 8 M. above Dresden, is a chateau
of the king, with pleasant grounds and a botanical garden. The grounds
are open free; adm. to the chateau, 1-2 pers. 1 JC, 3-4 pers. IV2 cS, a
party 30 pf. each.
From Pillnitz we may proceed through the shady Friedrichsgrund
to the (3 M.) Porsberg (il85 ft.; belvedere; inn), which commands a
fine view of the Elbe valley. Hence we may either return via the 'Kuine'
(an artificial ruin ; view) to Pillnitz or go on to (41/2 M.) the Lochmilhle
Bestauraiit , Lohmen (p. 209), Utteivalde (p. 214; 3 M.), and (2V2 M.)
Wehlen (p. 214) or the Bastei (p. 214).
The Osterherg (805 ft. ; Restaurant, with view), on the left bank of
the Elbe, to the N.W. of Dresden, is reached in 1/2 ^^r. from Cossebaude
(p. 209; tramway 21, p. 178). We may return through the pretty Amsel-
grund (p. 215).
LOssnitzgrund, see p. 232.
30. Saxon Switzerland.
The Meissen HigJilands, a very picturesque district, known for more
than a century as the *Saxoii Switzerland, extend on both banks of
the Elbe from Liebetal to the Bohemian frontier, a distance of 25 M.,
and from the Falkenberg to the Schneeberg, about the same distance.
The Elbe and its affluents have worn deep beds in the sandstone rock
of which the district consists, and rain and wind have carved the rocky
walls into the most picturesque and fantastic forms.
Plan. Two days at least are requisite for a visit to this interesting
district. 1st. Walk from Potzscha -Wehlen via the Bastei, Hochstein,
and Brand to Schandau; 61/2-7 hrs. ■ — 2nd. Walk from Schandau via the
Kuhstall, Winterberg, and Prebischtor to Herrnskretschen ; l^/^hrs. If a
carriage be taken to the Winterberg the detour via the Edmundsklamm
from the Prebischtor may be conveniently included. — Two additional days
may be disposed of thus : — 3rd. Railway from Schandau to Sebnitz in
^/4-i hr., walk via Grenadierburg, Tanzplan, Wachberg, Saupsdorf, and
Hinter-Hermsdorf to the Obere Schleuse and Hiuter-Dittersbach; 7 hrs. —
4th. Walk from Hinter-Dittersbaeh , via the Rudolfstein, Wilhelminen-
wand, and Marienfelsen , to Dittersbach in 3Vo-4 hrs.; thence drive or
walk to Bohmisch-Kamnitz and take the railway to Tetschen-Bodenbach
(p. 211). — The Schneeberg and Bielagrund, see p. 211.
Guides (4-5 JC per day, 2 ^ per half-day; in Austria 5 and 3 K.),
though seldom necessary, are sometimes desirable. — Carriages may be
hired at Wehlen, the Bastei, the Brand, Schandau, etc. ; carr. and pair
for 4 pers., 18 ,.€ per day, 10 JC per half-day; one-horse carr. for two
pers., 12 or 71/2 «^? besides fee to the driver. Horse generally 2 cS per
hour (comp. p. 217). ■ — Steamboats on the Elbe, see p. 212. — During
Whitsuntide the Saxon Switzerland is apt to be overcrowded with holi-
day-makers. The hotel-charges at the most frequented places are as high
as in towns.
a. From Dresden to Bodenbach (Prague, Vienna) and
Tetschen by Railway.
38 and 39 M. Railway. To Bodenbach in 1-2 hrs. (fares 4 .^ 90,
3 o^« 10, IJC 9o pf . ; express 5 ^^ 40, 3 ^^ 00, 2 ^^ 20 pf .) ; express from
Dresden to Prague in 33/^ hrs. Fares to Tetschen, 5 ^^ 50. 3 ^S 70,
210 Honte 30. KONIGSTEIX. ^^xon
2 ^€ 30 pf. : express from Dresden to Vicniia in 10 lira. Fares to Potzscha
■> ^M 10, 1 c£ 30. 85 pf . ; to Schandau 3 c4f 20, 1 ^ 90, 1 JC 25 pf . (express
3 v« 70, 2 ^ 40, 1 ^4 50 pf.). — Best views to the left. — Austrian
Custom Houses at Bodenbaoh and Tetschen.
Steamer (preferable to the railway), see p. 212.
Dresden (Central Station i. see p. 175. — Tbe train gradually
approaches the Elbe. — 5 M. Xieder-Sedlitz.
A branch-line runs hence to Lockwitz and (5^ o ^v Kreischo. A
pleasant excursion may be taken through the Lockwitzer Grund to
.5 M.) KreiscTm and thence to the S.E. to (3 M.; Maxeu.
From (7 M.» MUgeln a branch-line runs to (221 g ;^j; ) Qeisiiig-
Altenherg ip. 227j. — About 3^^ M. to the S. of (9i g M.) Gross-
Sedlitz is the royal chateau of that name, with a park in the French
style. The train reaches the Elbe here and follows its windings
through a narrow rocky valley.
IOV2 M. Pima (385 ft.: Schwarzer Adler, R. from 2 ^;
Weisser Schican: Sdchsischer Hof; Rail. Restaurant)^ a town
with 19.200 inhab.. on the left bank of the Elbe, contains some
interesting old houses and is commanded by the Sonnenstein, an
old fortress converted into a lunatic asylum. The Stadt-Kirche,
built in 1502-46 and restored in 1890, contains ceiling-paintings
of the middle of the 16th century. The Municipal Museum and
the Museum of the Mountain Cluh are open free in summer on
Sun., 10.30-12 I at other times 25 pf.).
Fbom Pirxa to Gottlecba, 11 M.. railway in 1 hr. The train ascends
the picturesque and narrow valley of the Gottleuba. ■ — 91/2 M. Berg-
giessh"Q.bel (961 ft.; pop. 1400: ' Sdchsisches Hans; Bahnhofs - Hotel :
Rail. Ecstaurayit) is a small town with mineral baths. — 11 M. Gottleuba
'Kurhaus : Eronprinzj . a chalybeate spa prettily situated in a deep valley.
From Pirxa to Arxsdorf (p. 400;. 13 M.. railway- in 40 min.
Large sandstone quarries are visible on both banks of the river.
— 16 M. Potzscha, at the foot of the Barensteine (1095 ft.; ^ 4 hr.;
E.) and the Rauensteine i^995; 1 hr. ; S.j, opposite Wehlen (p. 214).
To the left rise the lofty rocks of the Bastei. — 18 M. Rathen,
see p. 215.
22 M. Konigstein -415 ft.: Konig Albert^ at the station;
Stadt London, R. l\r^\;^ 'JC\ Blauer Stem, R. 1^ ^-2 JC: Kron-
priiu. R. 1-11 2 ^; Rail. Restaurant) is a small town /4100 inhab.j
at the mouth of the Biela-Tal, commanded by the small Foi'tress
of Konigstein (1184 ft. above the sea, 807 ft. above the Elbe).
This fortress (no admission) was formerly regarded as impregnable,
and in time of war the treasures and archives of Saxony have usually
been deposited here. It is mentioned as belonging to the King of Bohemia
in 1241. and about 1400 it was in the possessionof the Counts of Dohna.
from whom it passed to the Margraves of Meissen. The present forti-
fications date from the 16-18th cent., the well (500 ft. deep) from the
16th cent, (open 9-5. Sun. 11-5: fee 50 pf.). Fine view from the Xeue
Schenke at the foot of the rock (^'^ hr. from the station).
On the opposite bank of the river rises the *Lilienstein
(1325 tx.\ The travolbr crn^ses the Elbe to the village of Halhc-
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stadt (ferry 10 pi'.), opposite the Konigsteiii station, and proceeds
thence through the E. end of the village of Ebenheit direct to the
foot of the Lilienstein. Ascent, partly by steps, somewhat steep,
1 hr. Liii (R. 1-2 t./^, good), an obelisk, and a belvederes (10 pf.) at
the top.
In 1756, at the beginning of the Seven YearK' War, the Saxon army
of 14,000 men was surrounded at the foot of this liill by the Prussians
under Frederick the Great and compelled by hunger to surrender.
The Pfaffenstein (1405 ft.; *Inn, R. 1-2 ^), 1 hr. to the S. of
Konigstein, is another good point of view with fine rock -formations.
AVe follow the road to Pfaffendorf and thence proceed by a footpath
through the Nadelohr (that to the riglit easier). Path (blue and yellow
signs) from the foot to the Papststein (p. 217) in V/^ hr.
From Konigstein through the Bielagrund to the Schweizermiihle
(carr. and pair 7 JC) and thence to the top of the Schneeberg, 5-6 hrs.
About IV2 M. to the S. of Konigstein is situated the water-cure estab-
lishment of Kdnigsbi'unn , on the Biela, at the entrance to the Biela-
grund, an interesting ravine with the most fantastic rock-formations.
Pleasant walk up this valley to the (7 M.) Sch.weizermtihle (1150 ft.),
where there are another water-cure, two hotels (Post, Felsenkeller , pens.
41/2 '^i very fair), and several lodging-houses. About 21/2 M. farther on
we turn to the left and proceed (guide-posts) via the (25 min.) ZollhauH
(inn) to the (25 min.) village of Schneeberg (1950 ft.; Schweizerhof ;
Werner's Inn). Thence we ascend in 35 min. more to the summit of the
*Hohe Schneeberg (2255 ft.), where a tower commanding a fine view
(30/^.) and a good inn (bed 2, K.) are situated. From the Schneeberg to
Bodenbach 21/2 hrs., see Baedeker^ s Austria.
About 21/4 M. to the W. of Schneeberg are situated the Tyssaer
"Wande, a curious labyrinth of chasms and grotesque rock-formations.
Fine view from the plateau.
25 M. Sehandau C^Rail. Restaurant) ; the town (p. 216; lies
on the right bank, and is reached in summer by a steam-ferry
(10 pf.). Branch-line from Sehandau to Bautzen, see p. 213. —
26 M. Krippen; 291/2 M. Hirschmuhle-Schmilka (p. 213).
3OY2 ^- Schona (Railway Restaurant), the station for Hei^rns-
hretschen (p. 218) on the opposite bank. — The line now crosses
the Austrian frontier, passes (32 M.) Niedergrund (branch-line to
Tetscheiij see below), and penetrates the Spitzherg and the Sehdfer-
tvaiid (925 ft.) by two tunnels. — On the bank of the Elbe lies
Obergrund (see the map at p. 219 ; KocNs Hotel & Villa Stark,
Pl.d,R.3-4, pens. 6-1 0 jfiT. ; ^^afZ-Ho^e/, PI. b, R. 2-3, pens. S-lOiiT.),
a summer-resort, with the Josefshad (PI. c), supplied by a chaly-
beate spring. Ferry to Tetschen (see below), 10 h.
38 M. Bodenbach (440 ft. ; Post; Topfer, R. l^/V^ K- ; Hotel
Umlauft^ R. 2-3 /i.; Bail. Restaurant)^ an industrial town of
10,000 inhab., with the Austrian custom-house, is dominated by
the ""Schafertvand (925 ft.; Hotel, with view, R. 2 K.). The Hohe
Schneeherg (see above) is ascended from Bodenbach in 2^/2 hrs.
A suspension -bridge (toll 4 h.) and two railway-bridges here
cross the river to Tetschen (435 ft.; Krone, R. 2-3 K.; National;
Silherner Stern, R. 1 K. 60 /?.-3 K. ; Stadt Prag; Grilner Bamn,
with cafe, these three in the market-place; Dampfschiff-Hotel, at
212 i?o«^€ 30. 'W'EHLEN. Saxon
the pier, very fair. R. 2-3 K.: good Bohemian wine at the Schloss-
^chenke), with 9000 inhab.. perhaps the pleasantest point in the
valley of the Elbe, commanded by the chateau of Count Thun.
For excursions from Bodenbach and Tetschen. see Baedeker- 8 Auitrio. .
From Bodenbach to Prague (Tiennai and from Tetschen to
Vienna, see Baerhker's Austria.
b. From Dresden to Bodenbach by Steamer.
4-1 M. Express Ste.oier daily from May 15th to Sept. 15th in 6V4 hrs.
Another steamer plies dailv in 4^/4 hrs. as far as Herrnskretschen. Fares
to Pillnitz 1 .U b. Pirna l\4C 30. AVehlen (21/2 hrs.) 1 JC 90, Konigstein
2 o<^ 30, Schandau (4 hrs.i 2 ^€ 65, Herrnskretschen 3 ^4C 5, Bodenbach
8 ,.€ 65 pf. Downstream the fares are somewhat higher. Dinner (at
12,45 p.m.^ 2 ^4C. — There are also slower steamers at lower fares. —
The best views are to the left. The Austrian custom-house examination
takes place at Schandau.
In the following description S. stands for steamer station, R. for
railway station. Tlie words right (r.) and left (1.) are used with reference
to the direction in which the steamer is running.
Dresden, see p. 175. The steamer passes under the Carola-
Brucke and the Albert-Brucke (p. 181), and stops at (1.) Dresden-
Xeustadt (PL Gr, 4; 7) and then at (r.) Dresden-Johannstadt (PL
G. 4; /). — As we proceed the hills of Loschwitz are seen ahead,
while to the left are slopes with villas and gardens.
31/2 ^. (1.) Loschwitz (^S.); 3^ ^ M. (r.; Blaseivitz (S. : see p. 208).
On the ridge to the left is the RochvAtzer Busch. — Before
reaching Wachicitz (\.) we see, halfway up the hill, a villa of the
King of Saxony. Above the village is the Johannisturm. In the
background to the right are the Erzgebirge. — r. Tolkewitz; 1.
Xieder-Poyritz (S.); r. Lauhegast (S.; p. 209). — Farther on w^e
see ahead of us the Pfaffenstein ip. 211), Papststein (p. 217), and
Konigstein (p. 210). — 1. Hostericitz (p. 209;.
8 M. [l.) Pillnitz iS. ; see p. 209 1. with its chateau. — 1. Sohrigen :
r. Mugeln (K.); r. Heidenaa (S.), with its manufactories. The valley
now contracts, r. GrossSedlitz (R.j. AVe now pass under a rail-
way-bridge and reach —
'13 M. (r.) Pirna (S. and E.; see p. 210;, with the old fort of
JSonnenstein. This is considered the beginning of the Saxon Switzer-
land (comp. p. 209> — 1. Pasta, with quarries. — Beyond (1.)
Zeichen we have a fine view of —
18 M. (1.) Wehlen iS.; see p. 214). Opposite is (r.) Potzscha
\^.). High up on the left is the Bastei ip. 214). with its belvedere.
— 21 M. (1.) Rathen (S.; p. 215;, with its railway-station on the
opposite bank. — Upstream we now see the N. side of the Lilien-
stein (p. 210 1. To the right, at the next bend, rises the Konigstein
(p. 2l0j.
241 .. M. (T.) Konigstein <S. and R.; see p. 210). To the left
is the S. side of the Lilienstein. with the Wettin Obelisk. —
Switzerland.. SEBNITZ. 30. Route. 213
Upstream is the Grosse Winterberg (p. 218). — We pass under the
Carola-Briicke. To the right is the Schandau railway-station.
28 M. (1.) Schandau (S.; see p. 216). — To the left is Postel-
wit':^ with the villa colony oi Neu- Schandau- Ostr a above it; to
the right, Krippen. At the E. end of Postelwitz are quarries,
with the Schramnisteine (p. 217) rising above them. — r. Hirsch-
milhle (R.); 1. Kleine Bastei. — 1. Schmilka (S.; p. 217), with its
railway-station on the opposite bank. Beyond this point the right
bank (/. e. to our left) is in Bohemia.
33^/2 M. (1.) Herrnskretschen (S.; see p. 218); to the right,
opposite, is Schona (R.). — To the right is the Glohtbach, forming
the boundary between Saxony and Bohemia. The valley now con-
tracts and steep wooded hills rise on both sides of the river. —
To the right is the long village of Niedergrund (S. and R.); farther
on are (r.) Mittekirund (S.) and (1.) the Rosenkamm (p. 219). —
Beyond the railway -bridge (r.) lies Oheryrund (R.; p. 211). In
front of us is the Schaferwand (p 211), to the left the chateau of
Tetschen.
41 M. (1.) Tetschen (S. and R.), opposite which (r.) is Boden-
bach (S. and R.; see p. 211).
c. From Schandau to Bautzen.
10 M. Eailway in 2V2 hrs. Views to the right.
Stat. SchandaUy see p. 216. The train crosses the Elbe to
(1^/4 M.) Wendisch-Fdhre (comp. p. 216), passes through a tunnel,
and ascends the Sehnitz-Tal. 2^2 M- rorschdorf. Beyond (3''^/4M.)
KohlmUhle (branch to Hohnstein, 8 M., see p. 215) the train quits
the sandstone and enters a granite district. Two tunnels. 6 M.
Ulbersdorf. The Sebnitz is crossed five times. Four tunnels.
10 M. Sebnitz (1030 ft.; Sachsischei^ Hof, Stadt Dresden,
R. 1 W^, D- 1\ 4 ^1 both good; Bail. Bestanrant), a manufactur-
ing town with 9700 inhabitants.
From Sebnitz via the Tanzplan and Wachberg to Hinter-Herms-
DORF (SV'i-'i hrs. ; carr. 71/2 <^)- ■ — We follow the Kirch-Strasse from the
S.E. angle of the market-place , then take the first turning- (guide-post)
to the left, pass the church, and follow the Bergstrasse. About 100 paces
farther on (guide-post), to the right; at the next fork (guide-post), to the
left; then by the field-track (guide-posts) to the (25 min.) Grenadierburg
(inn, with belvedere). Passing the Grenadierburg, we descend to (2 min.)
a guide-post ('Tanzplan') indicating the path through fields. At the be-
ginning of the wood, beyond a solitary farm-house, the path begins
gradually to ascend. 20 min. Gruide-post to tlie (5 min.) Heilige Hallcu,
a group of pines. From the guide-post a little farther on we follow the
white-marked track to the (25 min.) *Tanzplan (1965 ft.), in the Thoman-
wald. The view from the top (adm. to tower 10 h.) is one of the finest
in the Saxon Switzerland (rustic inn). — From the inn a carriage-road
to the left (guide-post), and then a footpath to the right descend (several
guide-posts) to (1/4 hr.) the village of Thomasdorf (1595 ft.; Herzig, R.
1 tS), on the frontier. We ascend the road to the left of the custom-
house for less than V^M., then, at a guide-post, enter the Diebs-Strasse
214 ^ouic 30. BA8TEI. .SV7.r0/1
or 'Thieves" Eoad". to the right. lu 1/4 hr. more we pass a carriage-road
(gnide-post) and immediately afterwards reach a footpath, leading to the
right to the 'i/^ hr.) Wachberg or Schiccizey-krone {1635 it.), with a rustic
inn (R. 11/4-134 t.€) and a view -tower. A path descends hence to the
right to Saupsdorf (1175 ft.: Schweizerkronc), whence a road, generally
de'stitute of shade, leads to (2^4 M.) Biuter-Hcnnsdorf (p. 219;.
From Sebxitz to the Hochbusch (1 hr.). We follow the Hertigs-
wald road to the Hertigswalder Mlihle. cross the stream to the right,
and proceed in a straight direction at the fork. At the next choice we
ascend to the right and then follow the 'Hufenweg' to the left to the
summit of the Hochbusch (1410 ft.; inn; view-tower. 10 pf .) , whicli
commands an extensive view. TVe may continue the walk via (3/^ hr.)
Lichtcnhain to the (i/o hr.) Lichtenhain Waterfall (p. 217).
Beyond Sebnitz the line reaches its highest point. 14 M. Ki^um-
hermsclorf. The ruined castle of Stolpen is seen on the left. Several
small stations. 31 M. Wilthen (branch to Ebersbach, p. 400).
Beautiful view to the right. — 40 M. Bautzen (p. 399j.
d. From "Wehlen to Schandau via the Bastei.
From Wehlen to the Bastei , including a visit to the Uttewalder
Grund, 2 hrs. From the Bastei to the Hockstein 1^/4 hr. ; thence to the
Brand IV4 hr. ; thence to Schandau IV2 hr.
At Pofzscha (p. 210) we quit the railway and cross the Elbe
by ferry ('10 pf.i to the small town of Wehlen (405 ft.: Devtsches
Fetch: Wehei\ R. IV 4-8 .JL well spoken of: Dampfschiffs-Hotel,
Pv. 1^ 4-3. D. 1^2^; Elb-Terrasse : Sdchsische Schweiz). From
the steamboat-quay (jd. 212) we ascend the Elbe to the right, then
turn to the left and proceed to the market. Thence, passing the
Stadt AVehlen Hotel, we ascend the path in the Wehlener Grand.
Another route quits the market by the Post-Strasse, turns to the
left opposite the Elb-Terrasse Inn, and ascends the paved 'Schloss-
berg*, soon joining the other path. The valley forks 25 min. from
^Vehlen. We keep to the right for the Zscherre-G-rund and the
Bastei.
The path to the left leads to the * Uttewalder Grund, a fine
rocky gorge (Restaurant Waldidylle ; path hence to Uttewalde , p. 209),
usually explored from this point as far as the (1/4 hr.) FeUentor only.
The route hence to the Bastei can hardly be mistaken. The broad
path ascends through the Zscherre- Grund, a wild and narrow
wooded ravine, bounded by lofty and grotesque rocks which are
partly clothed with moss and fern. At the (20 min. i top of the hill
a road (finger-post- is crossed, the Steinerne Tisch (rfmts.) passed,
and the Bastei reached in 25 min. more. A rocky plateau, the
Wehlstein, 50 paces to the left of the path, immediately before
the Bastei is attained, commands a fine survey of the rocks of the
AVehlener Grund.
The *Bastei dOoOft. above the sea-level and about 615 ft.
above the Elbe; Hotel on the summit, R. 2-4, D. 2 ^ 2-3^2 =^1 ad-
mission to the tower 20 pf. 1, a rock with several peaks, rising pre-
cipitously from the Elbe, is the finest point in Saxon Switzerland.
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Switzerland. RATHEX. 30. Route. 215
The view is magnificent and extensive, affording an admirable sur-
vey of the wooded gorges and of the abrupt peaks resembling
gigantic castles that surround us on all sides: to the N. Rathewalde
and Hohnstein; E. the Brand, Rosenberg (in Bohemia), Kleine and
Grosse Wiiiterberg, Zirkelsteine, and Kaiserkrone; S. the Papst-
stein and Gohrischstein, in the foreground Lilienstein and Konig-
stein; S.W. the Rauenstein and Biirenstein; far below the Elbe,
visible from Wehlen to above Rathen.
From the inn the traveller descends in 5 min. to the '^'Bastei-
Briicke, a stone bridge of seven arches constructed in 1851, con-
necting the rocky pinnacles that here rise from the valley. (To the
left before the bridge is reached a path diverges to the Ferdinand-
stein., which affords a good survey of the environs and of the bridge
itself.) About ^4 hr. beyond the bridge the path emerges from the
wood and divides. The branch to the left, skirting the wood, leads
to the Amselgrund (see below); that in a straight direction leads to
(10 min.) Rathen (380 ft.; Erbgericht, R. IV2-2V2, !>• 1% ^)^
a village on the Elbe with a ruined castle (restaurant), and a steam-
boat and railway-station (the latter on the opposite bank; p. 210).
The ascent of the Bastei from Rathen occupies about 1 hr., that of
the Lilienstein (p. 210) 11/2 ^^'
The above-mentioned path to the left, 1/4 hr. below the Bastei,
ascends the Amselfjrund, passes a small waterfall, and leads in
1 1 4 hr. to Rathewalde (960 ft. ; Rittei-'s Inn, R. 1-2 ^ ; Buttner's
Restaurant). Just short of Ritter's Inn we cross the bridge to the
right and follow the Hohnstein road to (V4M.) a circular group of
trees (guide-post), where a road diverges to the right to Schandau.
The first footpath on the left of this road leads in 1/4 hr. t^ the
Hockstein (955 ft.), a rock rising abruptly 380 ft. above the green
Polenzgrund and affording a fine view of the little town of Hohn-
stein (1005 ft.; Weisser Hirsch; Siichsische Schweiz, R. 1-1 1/2 c^),
on the opposite side of the valley, commanded by an old castle now
used as a house of correction. — We then descend through the
steep and narrow Wolfsschlucht to the (1^/4 hr.) Hotel- Restaur ant
zum Folenztal (570 ft.), about 1 M. from Hohnstein.
From Hohnstein (station 1/2 M. to the S.E. of the town; rail, restau-
rant) a branch-railway runs to (8 M..) Kohlmiihle (p. 213).
We now descend the Polenz-Tal for about 35 min. until we
reach the Waltersdorfer Muhle (inn), whence we take a footpath
to the left, crossing a bridge. We then ascend the hill to the right
to the (25 min.) carriage-road on the top, which leads to the right
in 3 min. more to the *Brand (1080 ft.; Inn, very fair), command-
ing a magnificent view. From right to left (S. W. to S.E.) : Bastei,
Barensteine, Konigstein, Lilienstein, etc., and to the extreme left
the Grosse Winterberof.
About 2 min. from the inn a footpath leads from the broad
•216 Boute 30.
SCHANDAU.
Saxon
path to tlie left to a singular group of rocks somewhat resembling
corn-sacks. The main path. 2 min. farther on, enters a rocky gorge
through which it descends to the (I/4 hr.) Hohenstein and Schandau
road, which leads via the [^ ^ M.) Frinztalmilhle Inn and the (1 M.)
Tiefe Grund Inn to to the (1 M.iElbe at Wendisch-Fcihre. a
station on the railway from Schandau to Bautzen (p. 213) which
crosses the Elbe here.' Above the bridge, on the left, is the Hotel
WUhelmslwhe. 1\ 4 M. from Schandau.
Schandau. — Hotels. *Sendig's Hotel' (Quisisaiia), 3 rain, above
the steamboat-pier, on the Elbe, with shady gronnds. R. 3-6, B. IV4, D.
(1.15 p.m.) 31/0. pens, from 7 J^ : '^Fojsthaus S Deiitsches Hans (PI. a),
with garden on the Elbe, R. from 2. B. li^. D. 3. pens, from 7 JC;
Kurhaiis S Park Hotel (p. 217),
R. from 11/0, pens, from 5 ^4 :
Elb-Hotel (PI. e), R. 2-5.^. very
fair: Dampfschiff [Fl. bi. with
garden on the Elbe: Goldener
Engcl (PL c). R. l^'.-'^^'i ^'
Sfadt Berlin (PI. d), pens. 5-7 JC :
Sachsische Schiceiz (PI. f). good ^^
cuisine, R. 1V.2-3V> ^- these five 'Sr^^^- /^ .. J /
on the Elbe: Lindenhof (PI. g . ji^- ^<y^%;>:; ^ /'
^M'^t'^imi^ ^:// /.Kiirlxaiis
'^ .^^
"■ '/ /,\> ^.^ . - - _^_.
O s tr aiL e t
Scftexb«
by the Stadtpark ; Schiceizerhof (PI. h). R. VJ^-'I^joJC, well spoken of. —
Pexsioxs. Konigs-Villa, Villa Konigin Carola, Villa Luciaj Biissische
Villa, all under the same management and with same charges as Sendig's
Hotel (see above). — Restaurants at the hotels : also Wiinsclie, in the
Bade-Allee; Schiitzenhaus . in the Kirnitzsch-Tal : Schloss-Bastei. on the
Schlossberg. — Private apartment abundant.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL 3). Post-Strasse. — Guides, see p. 209.
Visitors' Tax, 1 JC per week (first 5 days free). — Band in the
Kur-Garten or the Stadt-Park.
Carriages (fixed tariff; to or from the station, with two horses 2,
one horse IV4 JC (double fares at night); with two horses, for 4 pers.,
per hr. 3, 1/2 day 10, whole day 18 JC ; to the Bastei 10. there and back
1") .^; to the Bastei via the Hockstein 11 and 16; to the Papststein and
+ Aiiscl-QiiB aai die Karte Hint e L-lieiMii s dorf- Dit ter sba c ilh
gjnierheniisdgrf v^Hmterdi±ters"bach.MM™i™iMMi»3ir.,terdiit£rsbac'lL. • ■■■i^""""»i"i"^^"^"B^^^B™^B»
i^^^^JU-
Switzerland. KUH8TALL. 30. Uouic. 217
back 9 JC. Two hours' halt included in each case. — MertUfs Brakes
start twice weekly from the Kiich-Platz for excursions in the neigh])our-
hood, S^l2-iJC each* person. — Electric Tramrcay from the Lindenhof Hotel
to the waterfall (see below), every 18 min. in 85 niin. (fare H5 pf., return-
ticket 1 JC). — Chair Portcra from the waterfall to the Kuhstall 3 JC,
from the Kuhstall to the Kleiue Wiuterberg 1 JC, thence to the Grosse
Winterberg 3 JC, to the Prebischtor 4 JC more, thence to Herrnskretschcn
^ JC. — Horse or Mule from the Great Waterfall to the Kulistall 2 JC,
Kleine Winterberg 2V2 «^, Grosse Winterberg 2 JC, Prebischtor 21/2 «^.
Herrnskretschen Z Ji. — Railway, sec p. 211. — Steam Ferry to and
from the station in connection with the trains, 10 pf. ; ferry to Klein-
Hennersdorf, 10 pf. — Steamboat, sec p. 212.
The small town of Schandau (395 ft.), with 3400 inhab., is
prettily situated on the right bank of the Elbe, at the mouth of the
Kir nit zsch- Bach . In the valley of the latter, 72^- above the town,
is a KnrhauSj witli a chalybeate spring. Schandau is the central
point of Saxon Switzerland, and is much frequented in summer.
Walks (comp. Map, p. 314). In the Kirnitzsch-Tal , see below; to
the Ostrauer Scheihe (820 ft.); to the Scliloss-Bastei, the Schillerhohe ,
and the Schilt^enhaus ; farther distant to the Carola-FelseM (1486 ft.;
view-point), 2V4 iirs., and the Grosse Winterberg, IV4 hr. more; to the
*Scfi7'animsteiti-Aussicht (1365 ft.), IVihr., and thence to (3/^ hr.) Schinilka
(Miihle, R. IVr-'i ^), on the Elbe, 4 M. above Schandau; to the Wolfs-
berg (1130 ft. ; inn), IV4 hr., and thence to the (IV4 hr.) Grosse (1840 ft.)
and to (^/4 hr.) the Kleine Zschirnstein.
A very pleasant excursion may be made, past Klein-Hennersdorf,
to (IV4 hr.) the top of the *Papststein (1475 ft. ; small inn at the top).
The view embraces the entire district of Saxon Switzerland. The most
conspicuous points are: N.W. the Liliensteiu and Konigstein, E. the
Grosse Winterberg and the peaked Kleis, S.E. the basaltic Rosenberg,
S. the Hohe Schneeberg. A mere speck only of the Elbe is visible at
Schandau. — From the Papststein a good path leads to the N.W. via
GokriscJi (Sennerhiltte ; Erholung) to Konigstein in IV4 hr. (in the reverse
direction IV2 hr.).
e. From Schandau via the Prebischtor and the
Edmundsklamm to Herrnskretschen.
From Schandau to the Lichtenhain Waterfall by tramw^ay (see above),
35 minutes. Thence on foot to the Kuhstall 1/2 hr. ; the Grosse Winterberg,
VJi hr. ; the Prebischtor, 1 hr., and Rainwiese IV2 hr. From Rainwiese
via the Wilde Klamm and the Edmundsklamm to Herrnskretschen, 21/2 hrs.
The Kirnitzsch Valley is ascended by a good road from Schan-
dau, passing the Schutzenhaus, the Ostrauer Muhle (restaurant),
and the HeideinUhle (restaurant), to the Little Waterfall (restau-
rant) and the (41/2 M.) Great or Lichtenhain Waterfall (inn). The
footpath quits the road 50 paces beyond tlie waterfall (guide-post) to
the right, crosses the Kirnitzsch, and ascends in ^j^ hr. to the —
Kuhstall (1100 ft.; Inn^ R. 1 1/2-21/2 ^;^), an archway of rock,
20 ft. in height, commanding in one direction a view of the Habichts-
grund, a profound wooded ravine, enclosed by sandstone rocks. It
was probably once employed as a refuge for cattle in time of war,
and has thence derived its name ('cow-stable'). The summit is at-
tained ])y 96 steps through a narrow cleft in the rocks.
218 lioutc 30. HERRXSKRETSCHEX. ^axou
The path descends .to the left, immediately before the entrance
to the Kuhstallt through a narrow gorge to the Hahichtsgrund.
It descends straight on a little farther, then ascends gradually and
finally in zigzags to (^ ^ hr. > the so-called Plateau (pretty viewi at
the base of the basaltic Kleine Winterherg (1640 ft. i, on the top of
which is a small pavilion. -- AVe follow the slope of the Kleine
Wiiiterberg (avoiding paths diverging to the right), and in about
1 lir. reach the summit of the —
^Grosse Winterberg l.si4 ft.: Inn, R. 2-4, B. 1 , D. 3,
pens. 6-8 «^^), a basaltic ridge, ^ ^, M. long. The tower (82 ft. in
height: adm. 10 pf.} commands a picturesque and extensive view,
embracing tbe Saxon, Bohemian, and even the Silesian Mts.
The path to the Prebischtor f 1 hr. to the S.E.) leads from the
inn on the Winterberg to the left through the wood. At the (10 min.)
point where a path leads to the left to the (1^ g ^^'•) Zeughaus
(p. 219;, our path keeps to the right, and after ('6 min.) descends
to the right again. The ^Prebischtor 1 1435 ft. : Hotel & Restau-
rant, R. 3. B. 1^ ^K.K a rockv arch of far more imposing dimen-
sions than the Kuhstall .66-100 ft. wide: roof 48 ft. long, 10 ft.
thick), is in Bohemian territory. The top, which may be ascended
by steps hewn in the rock /adm. 20 h.\. commands a striking view
of the wild environs.
Descent to Herrnskretscheu . IV4 hr. A good zigzag path descends
between huge walls of rock to the (20-25 min.) Herrnskretschen and
Dittersbach road, where a carriage niav usually be found (to Herrns-
kretschen. 2 c^;, in the Biela-Tal. The Biela flows into the Kamnit',.
which joins the Elbe at Herrnskretschen.
From the Prebischtor to Herrnskretschen vil the Wilde
Klamm. 4 hrs. AVe descend from the hotel to the left and in 6 min.
turn to the left again and follow the winding Gahrielensteig (guide-
posts; ^iews) to the (IV ^hr.) Hotel-Pension of Rainwiese (p. 221;
R. 21 2r B. 1, D. 3. pens. 6-7^0 /i.-, on the Herrnskretschen and
Dittersbach road. Beyond the village of Stimmersdorf (20 min.
to the S.W.) we descend a steep path into the "Edmundsklaiiini,
the remarkable rocky gorge of the Kamnitz i^adm. 40 pf. or 40 h.<.
and 10 min. below the bridge reach the small Edmundsklamm
Inn. — A slightly longer but interesting route leads through the
* Wilde Klamm, the E. continuation of the Edmundsklamm,
the upper entrance of which is reached from the Rainwiese Hotel
in 1 ^ hr. ladm. to both gorges 80 pf. or 80 A., including boat;
return-fare 1 -^^ 20 pf.i. AVe descend (partly by boat) in ^ 4lir. to
the Edmundsklamm Inn fsee abovei. whence the lower end of the
gorge and Herrnskretschen '^ ^ M. from the Elbe- are reached (partly
by boat; in ^ \ hr.
Herrnskretschen -410 ft.: Herrenhaus, R. 1^4-4 cT^;
HttscheVs. R. P ^-2 -.// .• Schweizerhaus, Grilner Bauin. Schlogel,
in the Kamnitz valley >, a pretty Bohemian village on the Elbe
^v:Hzerlaml. HIKTER-HERMSBORF. ^'0. BontP. 219
(700 inliab.). On the opposite bank is stat. Schona (steam -ferry,
10 pf. or 10 A.), see p. 211. — Steamboat to Tetschen and Dresden^
see p. 213. Omnibus thrice daily to Rainwiese (S. 218) in 1 hr.
(1 ^k or 1 K. 20 A.). Small boat to Schandau (in 1^4 hr.) 6 ^.
Road to Dittersbach, see p. 221.
A path descends the left bank of the Kaninitz and then skirts the
Kibe, passing- the Durrkamnitz Mill at the entrance to the Dilrrkamnitz
Grundy and then following- the slope to {I'^j^-Vj^^w.) the Belvedere (inn)
at Elbleiten. Thence the 'Allee' leads straight to the S.E. to (1 hr.) Bina-
dorf, whence we proceed to the S.W, viTi the Binsdorfer Tlohc (U7 ft.;
adm. to tower 20/?.) and the Roseukamm to (li/., hr.) Tetschen (p. 213).
The visit to the Edmundsklamm (p. 218) from Herrnskretschen may
be combined with the ascent of the *±losenberg (2035 ft.; inn; adni.
to tower 30 7?.). This trip takes about 4 hrs.
Good walkers may take a very interesting trip of about 3 days by
following the ridge from the Rosenberg to the Jeschken (44 M. ; signs
marked by a blue comb on a white field). The nights are spent at
Sell on f eld' Rnd at KnrJiaus Lilckendorf. For the Jearhken, see Baedeker's
Austria.
f. From Schandau to Dittersbach via Hinter-Hermsdorf.
From Schandau to the Lichtenhain Waterfall by electric tramway
(p. 217), 35 minutes. Thence on foot to Hinter-Hermsdorf, 2V2 hrs. Thence
to Hinter-Dittersbach via the Obere Schleuse, 3 hrs., and on to Dittersbach
via the Dittersbach Felsen, 31/2 hrs. — Carriage-and-pair from xSchandau to
Hinter-Hermsdorf 12, to Dittersbach 20 JC; there and back 16 and 22 JC.
The road at first ascends the Kirnitzsch valley (p. 217) via
(41/2 M.) the Lichtenhain Waterfall (p. 217) and (71/0 M.) Neu-
mannsmilhle at the mouth of the 'Grosse Zschand',
A pleasant path leads through the Grosse Zschand to (IV4 M.) the
lonely forester's house known as the Zeughaus (rustic inn). Paths (guide-
posts) lead hence to the S. through the Webers-Schluchte to the (V/.^ hr.)
Prebischtor (p. 218); to the S.W. (Rosssteig and G-oldsteig) to the (13/^ hr.)
G-rosse Winterberg; and to the X.W. (Zeughaus- Strasse) between the
nintere Rauhschloss (left) and the Lorenzsteine (right) to the Kirnitzsch-
Tal and Schandau.
A little farther on we pass the Buschmilhle (restaurant) and
skirt the base of the Arnstein. Beyond the kilometre-stone 13.1,
the road forks. We may either follow the main road to (11 M. from
Schandau) Hinter-Hermsdorf, or turn to the right, follow the Kir-
nitzsch valley to (2 M.) the Untere Schleuse^ and then ascend to
the left to {2 1si.) —
Hinter-Hermsdorf. — Zum Erbgekicht, R. & B. i^/o «^.* Zur
HoFFNUNG, plain. — Restaurant zur SdcTisischen Schweiz. — Carriage
to Schandau, with two horses 10, with one horse 6 t^, to Sebnitz (sec
p. 213), 5 t^. — Omnibus to Sebnitz twice daily (1 JC). — Guide to
(3 hrs.) Hinter-Dittersbach via the Obere Schleuse 21/2 tS.
The large village of Hinter-Hermsdorf (1260 ft.), situated in
a wide valley, and frequented as a summer-resort, is an excellent
centre for excursions in the ^Hintere^ Saxon Switzerland.
About ^/o M. to the S. of Hinter-Hermsdorf, on the road to
Hinter-r)itters]).tch. at the beginning of the wood, we reach a deer-
2-20 Bonte 30. HIXTEH-BITTERSBACH. Saxm
fence, immediately beyond wliich, to the left, a broad carriage-i'oad.
known as the 'Hohweg' (red arrow), ascends to the left. In 8 min.
the 'Hohweg' forks, the path in a straight direction leading to the
(25 min.^i boat-landing on the Obere Schlense (see below), while
that to the right ' preferable; ascends to '13 min.) the Koings-Platz
(1420 ft.!, a fine point of view on a steep cliff. AVe now retrace onr
steps for 2 min. and then descend to the right to the Tunnel,, a short
rocky archway, beyond which the path leads throngh tall trees.
Crossing an open space in the wood ainmerous guide-postsi, we now
descend to the Holl. a wooded rocky basin, whence a carriage-road
(guide-post) leads to the right to Hinter-Dittersbach. A gentle
ascent to the left brings ns in 20 min. to the Hohweg (see above),
whence the footpath (gnide-posti to the Obere Schlense leads to the
left. In less than ^ o ^^- we reach the Boat Station (shelter -hut
with rustic rfmts.\
The *Obere Schleuse Upper Sluice: 810 ft.) is a dam or
sluice on the Kirnitzsch, constructed for the benefit of the timber-
rafts. The water is let oft' in spring and autumn. A boat may be
hired for a pleasant row on the picturesque sheet of water (usually
not before the end of May; one pers. 60, two or more, each 30 pf.).
Landing beside the sluice on the right bank of the stream, which
here forms the boundary between Saxony and Bohemia, we ascend
the steps to the right to the path above. After about ^ ^ M. a path
(guide-post) ascends to the right to the Hermannseck, a rocky
projection, on which is the 'Schlegel-Hutte' (view). We may then
either retrace our steps, or descend the somewhat difficult steps
in the rocky fissure near the hut, to the path we quitted. We now
follow the course of the Kirnitzsch. high above the stream, but in
8 min. we descend to its bank by a flight of steps near a bench,
and continue to skirt it. (The bridge to the left leads to the foot-
path to Schonlinde, TV., M.) In 10 min. more we descend the steps
and cross the bridge to the bank, but in 5 min. return to the right
bank. A path with steps immediately to the right of this point
(guide-post) leads to the TVolfs-Schlucht (there and back 5 min.:
attractive), a narrow ravine with huge boulders. We continue to
skirt the Kirnitzsch and finally cross the stream to (35 min.) —
Hinter-Dittersbach (810 ft.: Kirnitzsch-Schenke : Hirsch :
Hegerhaus, all rustici. a hamlet inhabited mainly by foresters in
the service of Prince Clary or Prince Kinsky, whose estates meet
here. [Those who have driven to Hinter-Hermsdorf and desire to
return to Schandau, should order the carriage to meet them here.]
The direct road to DitfersbacJi (6 M.) leads through a wooded valley,
witli lofty sides.
To DiTTERSBACH vifi the ^Dittershacher Felsen. 3^0 ^^^' ("^
inns). After about 2 M. a road (guide-post) leads to the left from
the direct road into a narrower vallev. About 12 min. farther on
^idt::erland. BITTERSBACH. ^f>' ^oute. 221
we turn to tlio right (guide-post 'Dittersbach ;; in 20 niin. more
(guide-post marked 'Rudolfstein') we ascend to the left, reaching
the *Rudolfstein (1590 ft. ; shelter-hut), an isolated rock com-
manding a tine view, in yet anotlier 20 minutes.
In descending, we take the lirst (level) path to the left and in 8 min.
turn to the right (guide-post, 'Wilhelminenwand-Dittersbach'). [The
path in a straight direction leads to (18 min.) the Bahhiltte (rfmts).]
We then skirt the clearing ('Schneise'), cross a broader track, and
proceed straight on tlirough a deer-fence, to the (20-25 miii.)
"Wilhelmiixenwand (1410 ft.), a projecting cliff, with view.
Thence we return in 4 min. to a guide-post ('Balzer's Lager, Marien-
fels, Dittersbach') and descend the steps to the right to (7 min.)
Baher^s Lager, a rock-grotto (rfmts. on Sun.). The path (guide-
post) descending hence to the right brings us in 10 min. to the foot
of the *Marienfelsen (1380 ft.), a sharp-pointed rock, ascended
by means of steps (view). — On redescending the steps, we follow
the rather steep path to the right, which leads direct to (20 min.) —
Dittersbach (Bellevue- MicheVs Inv, R, 1^4, D. 1^/4-2, pens.
4-5 t^, well spoken of; Kronprinz Rudolf\ R. 1 K. 60 h., B. X^:^
2 K.)^ the central point of the 'Bohemian Switzerland'. To the
N.E. of the wide valley in which it lies rise the peaks of Rahen-
stein, Falkensteiv (^/g l^i'-5 niined castle on the top), Maiiertfehen
(see above), etc.
From Dittersbac'li via Kunnersdoff (Felseiikeller) to Bohmisch-Kani'
nitz , 8 M., carriage in l^/^ hr., 10 K. ; also diligence. Short-cuts for
pedesstrians.
From Dittersbach to Kreibitz, 31/2 hrs., via (IV4 M.) Renneradorf
(Bohmische Schwciz). — Kreibitz (Stern) lies 2V2 M. (diligence 50 Ti.) from
the station Kreibitz-Teichstatt (p. 400).
From Dittersbach to Herrnskretsohex, 8 M. (carr. and pair
in 2 hrs., 10 A".; also diligence). The road leads first to (2 M.)
Hahenleipe (Richter's Inni, about 1^/2 M. from the "Wilde Klamm
(p. 218). About 21/2 M. farther on we reach Rainwiese (p. 218),
whence a road to the Zeughaus (p. 219), a footpath to (1 hr.) Hinter-
Dittersbach (p. 220), and the Gabrielensteig to the Prebischtor
(p. 218) all diverge to the right, and a road to S.timmersdorf
(Edmundsklamm; p. 218) to the left. Thence we descend the valley
of tiie Biela to I'H M.) Herrnskretschen (p. 218).
31. From Dresden to Reichenbach via
Chemnitz and Zwickau.
931/2 M. Railway in 3-6 lirs. (fares 12 ,,fC 30, 7 ^H 30, i ^fC 70 pf. ;
express fares 11 JC 30, 9 .4^ 30, 5 c^ 70 pf.).
Dresden (Central Station), see p. 175. — At (2^/2 M.) Plauen
(tramway, see p. 177), where there arc extensive breweries, begins
-2*22 Isolde SI. FREIBERfT. From Bresiden
the Plauensche Grund. a picturesque and rocky part of the valley
of the Weisseritz, l^ ^ M. in length, disfigured by factories. The
train crosses the stream several times. On a hill to the right rises
the chateau of Begerhurg ( V^ hr. from stat. Plauen).
At (41 2 ^•) Potschappel a branch diverges to Xossen (24 M.;
p. 235). — From '7 M.. Hainsherg a branch-line runs to (22^ ., M.i
Kipsdorf /p . 227,
81 .> M. Tharandt 685 ft.: Stadthad-HoteL R. 2-5, D. 1^ ^-3,
pens. 5-10 -JC : Albert-Salon : Burgkeller Restaurant}, with 3000
inhab.. romantically situated at the junction of the valley of the
Schloitzbach and the Wilde Weisseritz. On a rocky eminence rise
the ruins of an ancient castle (840 ft. ; view). The Forst-Akademie,
founded in 1816. an institution for the education of foresters, en-
joys a high reputation. Pleasant walks and beautiful woods in the
environs.
11 M. Edle Krone ^920 ft.), a pleasure-resort. Tunnel. AVe
now quit the valley of the Weisseritz, and ascend the picturesque,
wooded Seerenhach-Tal to '16 ^L) Klingenherg-Colrnnitz (1^2b ft.-.
FromKlingenberg--Colmiiitz a branch-railway runs to(12i oMOFrauen-
stein (2170 ft. ; Goldeuer Loivc), au old town (1300 inhab.} with a chateau
fadm. 30 pf.) and an ancient castle.
To the right, below •22i 0 ^I. Mtddenhiitten. is the Muldener
Hiitte. an extensive government-foundry. The Freiherger Mulde
is then crossed. Xumerous mines and foundries.
25 M. Freiberg. — Hotels. Hotel de Saxe (PI. a; C, 4), R.
21/2-3^0. B. 1. D. 1^ i-2io .4'; Karsch (PI. f: C. 6). R. Is/^-S, D. IV2-2 ^:
Boter Hirsch (PL b; C . 4 .• Schwarzes Ross (PI. e; B, 4): Goldener
Stern (PI. c: C. 3): Kronprinz (PI. d; C. 5). R. 2-21/2, D- IV4 ^- —
Restauraxts. Geirerhehai'.s (PI. C. 3}; Bat skelter : Oberhof\ Peters-Str.
(PI. B. 4. 3 : Brauhof. with garden: Bail. Bestaurant.
Electric Tramway from" the rail, station (PI. C. 6) to the Unterc
Kreuzteich PI. A. 2, and the Meissner Tor (PI. D. 1).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL C, 4}, Post-Platz.
Freiberg (1355 ft.), a mining town founded in 1170 on the dis-
covery of the silver mines, is the centre of the Saxon mining district
and the seat of a Mining Academy, established in 1765. Pop. 30,800.
A well-kept promenade surrounds the inner town (see p. 223).
The Rote Weg, to the left from the station (PI. C, 6;, leads to
the Post-Platz (PI. C, 4;i, with a bronze Statue of Bisrnarcky by
Albermann < 1895 *. The Erbische-Str. leads hence to the Obermarkt
(V\. B. 3'. with the handsome Rathaus on the E. side, a late-Gothic
building of 1410-16, altered in the Renaissance style, and the
Kaufhaus. with a portal of 1545, on the IN". The spot where Kunz
von Kaufungen (p. 257) was executed in 1455, opposite the Rathaus,
is marked by a stone with a cross: the stone head above the oriel
of the Rathaus is said to be a portrait of the robber. — Adjacent
is the Mimag Academy (PL B, 2, 3: 400 students), with mineral-
ogical and other collections AVed. «S: Sat.. 11-12: 1-5 pers. 2 ^\
ATnf= ^ iJ«m. ^ T^.-o ^CJVU'P h'^ 'b-^ 1
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to Reichenbach. FRElBERGr. 31. Route. 223
The Burg-Str., running to the N.W. from the Rathaus, and then
the Kirchgasse to the right, lead to the *Cathedral(P1.C,2), a late-
Grothic edifice erected on the site of a Romanesque church which was
burned down in 1484. The cloisters on the S. side wore completed
in 1509 (restored in 1890); the choir was added in 1585-94 by an
Italian architect named Nosseni. A beautiful relic of the earlier
church, dating from the 12th cent., is the S. Portal, or "^Goldene
Pforte, the rich sculptures of which probably date from the be-
ginning of the 13th cent, and rank amongst the best works of the
mediaeval period in Germany. The porch is now protected by a mod-
ern addition (1903), but is accessible from 8 to 6 (in winter 10-4).
The sculptures represent the Kingdom of God revealed to man by-
Christ. Below are eight statues of representatives of the Old Testament
and autetypes of Christ: to the left Daniel, the Queen of Sheba, Solo-
mon, and John the Baptist; to the right Aaron, the Church, David, and
St. John the Evangelist. Above, in the central field, are the Virgin and
Child, to the left the Adoration of the Magi, to the right the angel
Gabriel and St. Joseph; in the first arch. Coronation or the Virgin,
with Christ and four angels, in the second and third arches, Abraham
receiving the souls of the blessed and the Holy Ghost (represented by
a dove) with Apostles and the Evangelists ; in the fourth arch, the Angel
of Judgment and the Resurrection of the Dead.
Interior (sacristan, Untermarkt 1 ; adm. 50, 2 pers. 60, 3 pers. 75 pf.).
The old late -Gothic Pulpit (ca. 1500) is in the form of the stalk and
calyx of a flower, with steps borne by the figures of the master and his
assistants. The pulpit now used dates from 1638. The powerful Organ
was built in 1711, by Silbermann, a native of Freiberg. Behind the
high -altar is the Kurfursten- Griift (1594), in which repose forty -one
Protestant princes of Saxony, from Duke Henry the Pious (d. 1541) to
Elector George IV. (d. 1694). The gilded bronze statues are by Italian
sculptors. Fine tombstones in the pavement. The finest monument is
that of the Elector Maurice (d. 1553 at the battle of Sievershausen) in
the Renaissance style of the 16th cent., a sarcophagus of several rare
kinds of marble, with a kneeling statue of the prince, and richly sculp-
tured, designed by Italian masters and executed by Ant. van Zerum of
Antwerp in 1563. Beside it is the suit of armour worn by the Elector
at the time of his death.
Facing the cathedral on the N. is the old Canonry (ca. 1480),
now containing the King Albert Museum, with its interesting
collection of antiquities (open' 8-5, 1 t/^, 2-4 pers. 1 1^ 20 pf. ; free
on Sun., 10.30-1, and Wed., 2-4; catalogue 30 pf.).
A walk (3/4 hr.) round the Ring-Proiiienade is interesting. The
Donats-Turm (PL D, 3), to the N.E. of the Post-Platz, is the most
important part remaining of the old fortifications. Schloss Freuden-
stein (PL B, 2), dating from the 12th cent., but entirely rebuilt in
1577, is now a magazine. Near it is a bronze bust of Werner
(d. 1817), the mineralogist, by RietscheL At tlie W. end of the
Peters-Str. rises the Schweden- Denkmal (PL A, B, 4), a Gothic
monument erected in 1844 to commemorate the brave defence of
the town against the Swedes in 1643.
Most of the mines in the neighbourhood of Freiberg belong to the
state, but their importance has declined with the price of silver and they
are being gradually abandoned. One of the most easily inspected is the
Baedeker's N". Germany, loth Edit. 15
224 P^^'i^^c 31. CHE:MNITZ. Front Dresden
Gruhe Himnielfahrt of the Abraham-Schacht (beyond PI. D, 2, 3), to the E.
of the town, a visit to which takes 2-3 hrs. (open 7-11; adm. 2 JC, incl.
use of mining costume). The processes of smelting the ore, etc., are most
conveniently seen in the Muldener Hiitte, which contains the Royal Mint
(apply at the office: 1 pers. 1 t^, 2 or more pers. 50 pf. each).
From Freiberg to Biesa, see p. 333; to BriLc. see p. 228.
Beyoud (35 M.) Oederan tlie chateau of Augustiisburg (p. 229)
is seen on a lofty hill to the left. The line enters the attractive
valley of the FWia, and follows it to its influx into the Zsehopau,
crossing the stream near Hetzdorf. — 42 M. Floha (910 ft.), a
pretty village in the Zsehopau -Tal. Branch-lines to Reitzenhain
and to Annaberg i^both for Komotaui, see pp. 228, 229. — From
(44 X.) Nieder-Wiesa a branch diverges to Rosswein (p. 235).
50 M. Chemnitz. — Hotels. Near the Station: *Carola (PI. a;
D, 3), with restaurant (D. 1V-, JC); *Burg Wetttn (PI. b; D, 3), R. 2-5,
D. IV2-3 JC; Bahnhofs-Hotel (PI.' d ; D, 2, 3). — In the Town: *Stadt
Gotha (PI. n; D. 3). R. 2V2-6, D. 21/2-31/2 JC; Central (PI. i; D, 3), R. 2-3.
D. 11/2 JC: Monopol (PL 0: D, 3), R. 21/2-5, D. 2-3 JC; Roter Hirsch
(PI. k; D. -4); Victoria (PI. 1; D, 3, 4).
Restaurants. Romischcr Kaiser, Markt 14; Deutscher Kaiser (D.
1^1 i JC), Moritzhurg . Theater-Str. ; Kaisersaal, Erich. Lange-Str. ; Zum
Prdlaten. Kloster-Str. ; Harten stein's Wine Booms. Bretgasse 2; Unger,
Innere Kloster-Str.; Bail. Bestaurant : Automatic Bestaurants, in Stadt
Gotha Hotel (see above), in the Xeustadter Markt, etc. — Cafes. Theater-
Cafe; Wiener Cafe, Johannis-Str. ; BeichsTcanzler, Konig-Strasse.
Taxtmetek Cabs. For 1-2 pers.. 1000 metres 70 pf., each 500 m. more
10 pf. ; 3-4 pers., 750m. & 375m.; 1-4 pers., at night (10-7), 500m. & 250m.
Luggage 25 pf. per 221/2-55 lbs.
Electric Tramways. From the Central Station (PI. D, 2, 3) to the
Nicolai Station (PI. C, 4). — From the Theater-Blatz (PI. C, 3) to Hilbers-
dorf (PI. F, 1). — From Alt- Chemnitz (bev. PI. C, 5) to Furth (bey.
PI. D, 1). — From Schonau (bev. PI. A, 5^ to the Barracks (PI. a, 2). —
From Altendorf (PI. A, 3) to Xhi Cemetery (PI. E, 5). — From the Nicolai-
BrUcke (PL C. 4) to Gablens (PL E, 3, 4), and to Beichenhrand (bey.
PL A, 5). — From Borna (bev. PL B, 1) to the New Cemetery (bey. PL
E, 5). — From the Theater- St rasse (PL C, 3) to West-Strasse (PL B, C, 3).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL 11 ; C, D, 4), Post-Strasse.
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL 16: D. 3), in winter; Central Theatre
(PL C, 4). plays in summer, vaudeville in winter; Thalia Theatre (PL
B, C, 4). in summer. — Open Air Concerts in the Schlossgarten (p. 225),
the Kaufmdunische Verein (PL 6}. and the Colosseum (PL A, 5). — Baths
at the Hedwighad, Hedwig-Str. (PL C. 3), with swimming-pool.
U. S. C OS suL., Thos. H. Norton, Esq.; vice-consul, Wm. W. Bruns-
wick, Esq.
Chemnitz (1000 ft.: pronounced Kemnitz), the third town of
Saxony and one of the most important manufacturing places in
Germany, with 269 000 inhab., lies in a fertile plain at the base
of the Erzo-ebiro^e. It was orio-inallv a settlement of the ancient
Wends, and became celebrated at an early period for its linen
manufactories and bleaching -grounds. The staple products are
stockings, gloves, woven goods, and machinery, which are manu-
factured on a large scale both in the town itself and in the neigh-
bourhood. Large quantities of Chemnitz manufactures are exported
to the United States.
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to Reichenbach. ZWICKAU. 31. Route. 225
• The late-Gothic Old Rathaus (PL 12 ; 1496) in the Hauptmarkt
(PI. C, 3) possesses a lofty tower. To the E. of it is the New Rat-
haus^ by MObius. Opposite, to the S., stands a bronze Monwnent
of Emp. William I., supported by statues of Bismarck (left) and
Moltke (right), by Ruemann and Hahn (1899). Near it is aS'^. James's
Church (PI. C, 3), of the 15th century. In the Schiller-Platz (P1.D,2)
are the Gothic Church of St Peter (PI. D, 3; 1888) and the Tech-
nical Schools (PL 17). Between the church and the Schiller-Str.
are four groups of the Periods of the Day, in gilded sandstone, by
Schilling (brought from Dresden). On the S. the Schiller-Platz is
adjoined by the Neustadter-Markt, with the King Albert Museum
(PL 7, D 3; entr. on the N. side), containing pictures and collec-
tions of industrial art, antiquities, and natural history. To the W.
is the new Town Theatre (PL 16). In the Kassberg are the Law
Courts (PL C, 3) and the Synagogue (1899; PL C, 4). — To the
E. of the Central Station is a bronze Statue of Korner, by Epler
(1901). — The Stadt'Park (PL B, 5), to the S.W., contains a
Sanatorium (PL 19; pens. 5-1372 -^)- — The Schloss (PL C, 2), to
the N.W. of the town, once a Benedictine abbey, is now a pleasure-
resort (view from the terrace). The Schloss-Kirche, founded in
1136 and rebuilt in a late-Gothic style in 1514-25, has a fine portal
with sculptures of 1525 and contains a painted wooden group of
the Scourging of Christ (16th cent.). The Schloss - Teich is sur-
rounded by pleasant grounds (restaurant).
From Chemnitz to Doheln and Riesa, see p. 233; to Komotau , see
p. 229; *to Adorf , see p. 231. — • Another line runs from Chemnitz to
(28V2 ^0 Rosswein (p. 235) via Frankenberg (13,300 inhab. ; Zum Ross).
From Chemnitz to Leipzig via Lausigk, 50 M., in lVi-3 hrs. (express
fares 7 ^ 70 pf., 5 c^, 3 c^ 10 pf.). 7 M. Wittgensdorf. 14 M. Cossen lies
in the valley of the Zwickauer Mulde, which is here crossed by the im-
posing Gohrener Railway Viaduct, 500 yds. long, 220 ft. high (excursion
from Cossen down the Mulde Valley to Rochlitz, see p. 236). 191/2 M.
Narsdorf, the junction for Penig (p. 236); a local line runs hence to
Altenburg (p. 257). 221/2 M. Geithain (pop. 3900); 29 M. Lausigk, with
3700 inhab. ; 45 M. Liebertwolkwitz, where the battle of Leipzig (p. 246)
began. — Another line from Chemnitz to Leipzig runs via Greithain,
Borna, and Kieritzsch (p. 257).
70 M. Glauehau (800 ft. ; Stadt Hamburg ; Deutsches Haus)^
a manufacturing town (24,600 inhab.), with two chateaux of the
counts of Schonburg, lies on the Mulde.
From Gtlauchau to Gossnitz, 10 M., railway in 1/2 hr. — 7 M. Meerane
(Hdrtel), an industrial town with 25,000 inhabitants. 10 M. G6ssnitz(^. 258).
Beyond Glauehau the train crosses the Mulde by a long bridge.
80 M. Zwickau. — Hotels. Kdstner, R. 2-4, D. 2-3 JC; Wagner,
R. from 2 JC, both good, near the station; Gi^ilne Tanne; Weintraube;
Goldener Adler. — Restaurants. Penzler, Moritzgraben-Weg ; Weihen-
stephan, Schloss-Str. ; Schwanenschloss. — Cafe C'arola, Moritzgraben-
Weg 1.
Electric Tramway from the station to the town. — Cab from the
station 1/2, ^U, 1, or I1/4 tS for 1, 2, 3, or 4 pars. ; double fare at night
(10-6; in winter, 9-7). — Post & Telegraph Office, Albcrt-Platz.
226 ^oute 32. THE ERZGEBIRGE.
Zwickau (930 ft.\ an old manufacturing town with 68,500 in-
hab.. is situated on the Mulde.
The -^Church of St. Mary, the best example of late-Gothic
architecture in Saxony, was built in 1465-1506, and was thoroughly
restored in 1885-91. Xave, aisles, and choir are all covered with
flat groined vaulting.
IxTERioK. High-altar in carved wood, with eight paintings by Mich.
Wolilgemut, executed in 1479. To the left, similar carving, dating from
1507 : to the right, highly interesting Pieta in painted wood-carving by
an unknown Saxon master (early 16th cent.). Handsome choir-stalls. Fine
view from the tower (227 ft.). The sacristan lives opposite the W. tower.
The Church of St. Catharine (of the 14th and 16th cent.) con-
tains an altar-piece of the early 16th century. Thomas Miinzer
(p. 306) "was pastor here in 1520-22. To the N.W. is the chateau
of Ostersteiuj built in 1590, now a penitentiary. — In the Haupt-
Markt are the Rathaus (15th cent.; spoiled later), the late-Gothic
Geicanclhaus (now a theatre) of 1522-24, and a statue of the com-
poser i?oZ)erf ^Sc/i^/wa/^/z (1810-1856), near the house (Xo. 5) in
which he was born. The Gymnasium^ mentioned as early as the
15th cent., contains the Public Library. In the Kaiser-Wilhelm-
Platz is a Statue of Bismarck^ by Drischler. To the X. of the rail,
station is the Luther-Kirche (1906), with an altar-piece by Uhde.
The environs are well-peopled. The important coal-mines of
this district employ upwards of 11,000 hands.
From Zwickau to Oelsnitz (p. 259), 37 M., railway in 2 hrs. ; to
Werdau, see p. 258; to Johaftngeorgenstadt, p. 231.
At (89 M.) Neumark we join the line from Leipzig to Reichen-
bach and Hof (p. 258).
32. The Erzgebirge.
The Erzgebirge, or Ore Mountains, a range about 90 M. in length
and 25 M. in breadth, extends from X.E. to S.W., between Saxony and
Bohemia. On the X. side , which is densely wooded with coniferous
trees, the slope is gradual, but the S. side descends abruptly towards the
valley of the Eger. The water-shed (average elevation 2480 ft.) is almost
entirely in Bohemia , to which the Keilberg or Sonnenwirhel (4080 ft.),
the highest summit, also belongs. The name is derived form the former
rich deposits of silver and other ores , but mining has much declined.
Many of the mountain-villages are frequented as summer-resorts.
The IxNS are primitive, but prices are low. — Gtuides (unnecessary),
4 JC per day. — Carriages may be obtained almost everywhere : one-
horse 8-12 JC per day, two-horse' 12-18 JC.
Plan. The Eastern Erzgebirge. including Teplitz, may be explored
from Dresden in 3 days (comp. p. 227). — A three-days' excursion from
Chemnitz may be arranged as follows. 1st Day. By rail via Zwonitz
(p. 231) to Griiyihain (p." 231), and thence on foot via the Spiegelioald
(p. 231) to Schicarzenherg (p. 231); or by rail to Aue (p. 231) and on
foot via the Morgenleite (p. 231) to Schwarzenberg. — 2nd Day. Railway
to Ober-Ritttrsgriln (p. 230), walk to the Fichtelberg (p. 230), and ascend
the Keilberg (p. 230). — 3rd Day. Walk to Ober-Wiesental {p. 230) and
take the train to Annaberg (p'. 229); or walk to Joachimstal (p. 230)
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The Erzgebirge. GEISINGr. 32. Route. 227
and take the railway thence to Carlsbad. — The best points of view
arc the Fichtelberg (p. 230), the Keilberg (p. 230), the Auersberg (p. 232),
and the Ktihberg (p. 232).
a. From Dresden to Teplitz.
Railway via Milgeln to (29 M.) Geising-Altenberg in 23/^ hrs. (fares
2 t/^ 40, 1 t^ 5 pf.), or via Hainsberg to (221/2 M.) Kipsdo7-f in 2V4 hrs.
(1 J^ 80, 1 J6 15 pf.).
From Dresden to Geising-Altenberg. — From Dresden to
(7 M.) Miigeln, see p. 210. — The line thence ascends through the
picturesque valley of the Milglitz. — 8Y2 ^- Dohna (4000 inhab.);
10 M. Kottewitz. — At (11 M.) Weesenstein (545 ft.; Bahnhofs-
Hotel) is a royal chateau, the construction of which is curious, the
building being partly hewn out of the rock on which it is situated.
The stables are on the 3rd, the ice-cellar and chapel on the 5th floor.
— 20 M. Glashiitte (1040 ft.; Stadt Dresden) has important
watch -manufactories (2400 inhab.). — 29 M. Geising-Altenberg.
aeisingtl915 ft. ; Bahnhofs- Hotel, R. 11/4-21/2, D. V/^-2y^^;
Stadt Dresden)., a pleasantly situated mountain-village (1300 in-
hab.), with straw-plaiting industry, is visited as a summer -resort
and also for winter-sports. — About I1/2 M. to the W. lies Alten-
berg (2470 ft.; Altes Amthaus, good; Post)., another straw-plait-
ing little town, with 1600 inhab. and a tin-mine. About I1/2 M. to
the N. is the Geising (2703 ft.), with a belvedere and inn.
From Geising to Teplitz, 12 M., carriage-road (one-horse carr.
to Graupen 7 ^). At (2 M.) Zinnwald (2460 ft. ; Sdchsischer
Better) we reach the Bohemian frontier. Thence we proceed to
the E. and S., via Voitsdorf, to the (4 M.) Muckenherg (2630 ft.),
on which rises the Milcken-Turmchen (inn; view). [Pedestrians
reach this point in 2 hrs. from Geising by footpaths via the Wettin-
hohe (2578 ft.) and the 'Kammweg' (see p. 230).] The road now
descends to (3 M.) Graupen (1040 ft.; Stadt Dresden)^ a little
town (3500 inhab.) with an interesting church and the ruins of the
Bosenburg (restaurant; view). In 1/2 M. more we reach the pilgrim-
resort of Mariaschein., 1 M. beyond which is the railway-station
of that name, I1/4 M. from Teplitz (see Baedeker^ s Austria).
From Dresden to Kipsdorf. From Dresden to (7 M.) Hains-
bei^g, see p. 221, 222. — The line now ascends the valley of the Bote
Weisseritz, the picturesque lower part of which is known as the
Babenauer Grand. — 91/2 M. Babenau (1007 ft.; Ratskeller,
R. I1/4-I1/2 ^) is a favourite pleasure -resort from Dresden. —
151/2 M. Dippoldiswalde (1145 ft.; Stadt Dresden, R. 174-2^^;
B ahnhofs- Hotel )^ with 3800 inhab., on the Rote Weisseritz. —
20 M. Schmiedeberg (1410 ft. ; Post) is the starting-point for several
attractive walks. — 22^^^. Kipsdorf (17^0 it; Furstenhof, R.
from 2, pens, from 5 ^, good; Halali, R. 1 1/3-2 1/2, pens. 41/2-6 ^)
is a summer and winter resort. Diligence to Altenberg (see above).
228 lioute 32. MOLDAU. The Erzgebirge.
From Kipsdorf to Teplitz. 21 M. The road leads via the
pretty villages of (1 M.) Barenfels (2460 ft.; Kaiserhof, R. from 2,
pens, from 5 tJC) and '2 !M.) Schellerhau to (2 X.) Rehefeld-Zaun-
haus, close to the Bohemian border. Thence we proceed via the
forester's house of (3 M.) Kalkofen to the (4 M.) little town of
Xiklasherg (1770 ft. : Znm Rathaus). whence the Sturmer (2850 ft. ;
I hr/i and the Warteck (2437 ft.; ^ ^ ^^') ^^y t)e ascended. — From
(3 M.' Klostei-grah '1170 ft.: Rathans'i we may either take the train
to [10 M.) Teplitz via Ossegg, or proceed direct by road (6 M.).
b. From Freiberg to Briix.
Railway to (24 M.) JToJdau in 2 hrs.. and thence to (24 M.) Brtix
in li/o hr.
Freiberg, see p. 222. — The train follows the valley of the
Freiberger Midde. 3 M. Bertelsdorf. — From (SVg M.) Mulda
(1410 ft.: Rail. Restaurant) a branch-line runs to (10 M.) Sayda
(2220 ft.: Goldener LoiceK one of the oldest towns !n Saxony.
About 7 M. beyond Sayda lies Bad Einsiedel (2465 ft. : Badehaus),
a summer-resort with a chalybeate spring, charmingly situated among
woods. Thence the road proceeds, crossing the (IV2 ^1-) Austrian frontier,
to (7 M. farther on) Oherleutensdorf (Drei Linden, R. from 1 K. 10 7i.),
a busy little toy-making town (see below).
From (16 M. > Bienenrniihle (inn) a mountain-road leads to (5 hrs.)
^^ssegg (see below). — The Austrian frontier is crossed near (24 M.)
Moldau r2595 ft.; Fischerhaus), where the custom-house examina-
tion takes place. — The best views are now to the right. 28 M.
Xilclasberg (see above): 31\ 2 ^^- Eichwald (1870 ft.; Theresien-
bad Hydropathic; Waldesruhe), a finely situated summer-resort;
37^ 2 ^- Klostergrab see above); 40^/2 ^* Ossegg : 44 M. Wiesa-
Obe rle uten sdo rf.
48 M. BriLx Ross: Rail. Restaurant), see Baedeker s Austria.
c. From Chemnitz to Kom.otau via Reitzenhain.
73 M. Railway in 43/^-6 hrs.
Chemnitz, see p. 224. — The line diverges from the Dresden
railway at (8 M.^ Floha /jd. 224) and ascends the valley of the Floha.
II M. Hetzdorf: 15 M. Leubsdorf. — From (2h M.) Pockau a
diligence plies thrice daily to (2 M.i Lengefeld (Post; Erbgericht).
A railway runs from Pockau via (7 M.) Olbemhau (1440 ft: G-erichts-
schenke, Opitz, R. IV2-2 ^^), an industrial place with 8900 inhab., pictur-
esquely situated on the Floha, to (13i/-, M.) Xeuhausen (1760 ft.; Erb-
gericht). From Olbernhau a road leads across the frontier to (6 M.) the
little town of Ka.tharinahcrg 2195 ft.: Kaiser von Osterreich).
31^ 2 ^^- Marienberg 1995 ft.; Drei Schwdne: Goldenes
Kreuz)^ a little town with 7600 inhab. and various industries, has
an interesting church (1564 > and Rathaus (1539). — 43 M. Reitzen-
liain 2490 ft.: XJllmann : Bail. Restaurant).^ the frontier-station
^luggage examined), is a summer-resort.
The Er-gehirge. ANNABERG. 32. Route. 229
The Bohemian railway crosses the brook forming the frontier
by a lofty viaduct and reaches its culminating point (2695 ft.) near
(48 M.) Sehastiansherg (Goldner LOwe). At (52 M.) Krima-Neu-
dorf (2450 ft.) our line unites with the Chemnitz- Annaberg railway
(see p. 230). The train then descends a steep gradient in numerous
windings to (73 M.) Komotau (Scherber; Reiter; Railway Restau-
rant), an old and wealthy little town (15,900 inhab.) at the foot of
the Erzgebirge. Comp. Baedeker^s Austria.
d. From Chemnitz to Komotau via Annaberg.
91 M. Railway in l^j^ hrs.
From Chemnitz to (8 M.) Floha, see p. 224. Our line then as-
cends the busy valley of the Zschojpau. — IOY2 ^- Erdmanns-
dorf (960 ft.), a summer-resort.
Diligence daily to (2 M.) Augustushurg (1620 ft. ; pop. 2400 ; Weisser
Hirsch, R. I1/2-2V2 ^)i ^ little town commanded by an extensive chateau
erected in 1568-73 (adm. for 1-10 pers. 1 JC), with an altar-piece of
Cranach the Younger in the chapel.
18 M. Zschopau (1110 ft.; Stadt Wien, R. IV4-2 Jl ; Deut-
sches Haus)^ a small town of 6800 inhab., with cloth-factories and
the old chateau of Wildeck. From (20 M.) Wilischtal (1120 ft.)
a light railway runs to Tkum^ Ehrenfriedersdorf, and (20 M.)
Schonfeld {see below). — 26 M. "Wolkenstein (1540 ft.; Sonne;
Sdchsischer Hof), a high-lying little town with 2100 inhab., has
a partly-ruined chateau. About 2 M. from the town is Warmhad
or Bad Wolkenstein, with warm springs (86° Fahr.) and a Kur-
haus. — 29 M. Wiesenbad (1417 ft.), another little watering-place
with a Kurhaus and springs (62° Fahr.); 32 M. Schonfeld.
35 M. Annaberg (1970 ft.; Wilder Mann, R. 17^-3, D. IV4-
2 ^, good; Museum; Post; Goldne Gans; Kron/prinz; Rail.
Restaurant ; BahVs Restaurant, with garden and view), a town
with 16,800 inhab., busily occupied in making lace and trimmings,
w^hich are largely exported to the United States. Annaberg was
founded in 1496 and first attained importance through its mines,
now of little value. Lace-making was introduced about 1550 by
Barbara Uttmann (1514-75), a statue of whom stands in the
market-place. The Church of St. Anne, built in 1499-1520 and
restored in 1884, contains some interesting works of art (sexton's
house on the N. side).
The sculptures on the *'Sch6ne Pforte' are particularly noteworthy
(1512). On the sides of the galleries are 100 painted reliefs by Franz
von Magdeburg (1514-17), representing biblical, legendary, and humorous
scenes. The Renaissance portal of the Old Sacristy dates from 1518.
The marble high-altar is the work of ^. Daiiher of Augsburg (1522).
On its back are a Woman taken in adultery, by Cranach the Younger,
and the Coronation of the Virgin and St. Catharine, by an unknown
master of the 16th century. The so-called 'Berg-Altar', representing the
processes of mining (back), dates from 1521. To the right is a wooden
figure of the Virgin, ascribed to the school of Wolgemut.
230 ^oute 32. BUCHHOLZ. The Erzgehirge.
To the X. of the church is a Statue of Luther, by Volker (1883).
The Sparkasse contains an Antiquarian andj Mining Museum. A
visit may also be made to the School of Embroidery.
From Axxaberg to Schwarzexberg, I6V2 ^I-' branch -railway in
11 2 hr. — 2 M. Buchholz (see below); 8 ^.' Scheibenherg. — From (15 M.)
Griinstddtel a branch-line runs to (51-2 M.) Oher-Rittersgrun (1995 ft. ;
Erzgebirgischer Hof, at the station), whence the Fichtelberg (see below)
may be ascended in 31/2 trs. — I6V2 ^'^' Schwarzenherg, see p. 231.
36 M. Buchholz (1880 ft.; Deutsches Haus), a town of 9300
iuhab., on the Sehma. The parish church (1504-21) contains some
paintings of the Upper German school. — 40 M. Cranzahl (2145 ft. ;
Goldne Krone; Rail. Restaurant), with 2300 inhabitants.
From Cranzahl a branch-line runs in IV^hr. to (10^/ 2 M.) Ober-
Wiesental ^2930 ft.; Stadt Karlsbad, K. II/2-21/2, D. l^i^-2 Ji\
the highest town in Grermany (1800 inhab.), which is visited for its
winter-sports. Carr. and pair via the Fichtelberg to the Keilberg
and back 15 J{, to Joachimstal 8 ^4C.
About 2^ o M. to the X.W. of Ober-Wiesental rises the finely
wooded ^Fichtelberg (3980 ft.; road to the top), on which are a
good inn (bed 1^ 4 Ji) and a view-tower (15 pf. ; fine view). — The
wooded Keilberg or Sonnenivirbel ^4080 ft.), the highest summit
of the Erzgehirge. also with a good inn (bed 1 K. 85 h.) and a
view-tower (20 h.). lies in Bohemia, due S. of Ober-Wiesental, whence
it may be ascended direct in 3^ 4hrs. Pedestrians reach the Keilberg
from the Fichtelberg in about IVg^r., by descending the Prinzen-
weg on the S."^. and then following the road.
From the Keilberg an easy and attractive road descends to (IV2 hr.)
Joachimstal (2125 ft.; Stadt Dresden: Kaiser von Oesterreich), a small
Bohemian town (7400 inhab.) once known for its silver-mines, whence
we may proceed by railway via Sclilackenicertli to (141/2 M.) Carlsbad
(see Baedeker's Austria] ^
The Keilberg lies in just about the middle of the so-called Kamm-
v:eg. or 'Ridge "Way". extending from Bodenbach (p. 211) to (160 M.)
Asch in Bohemia. 1*8 M. from Adorf (p. 232). Good walkers will find
this an interesting excursion in either direction (finger-posts and signs
marked with a blue comb on a white field).
Beyond Cranzahl the railway traverses a viaduct over the valley
of the Sehma. and beyond the Pohlbach. which forms the Bohemian
boundary, reaches (4fei 2 M.) "Weipert (2340 ft.; Stadt Leipzig),
the first Austrian station (lO.OuO inhab.; luggage examined;. —
From (541/2 M.) Schmiedeberg (2788 ft.) a road leads to (41/2 M.)
Ober-Wiesental (see above). The railwav reaches its highest point
(2830 ft.) near (61 M.) Kupferberg . and then descends via (64 M.)
Pressnitz-Reischdorfamd (67i 2 ^^-J Sonnenberg to (70 M.) Krima-
Xeudorf, where we join the preceding line (see p. 229).
The Erzgehirge. AUE. 32. Route. 231
e. Prom Zwickau to Johaimgeorgenstadt (Carlsbad).
351/2 M. Railway in 31/2-4^^/4 hrs. Best views on the right.
ZwickaUj see p. 225. — The train ascends the valley of the
Zwickauer Mulde^ through a busy district rich in coal. From
(33/4 M.) Wilkau (tramway to Zwickau) a branch-line runs to (26 M.)
Carlsfeld (2690 ft. ; Griiner Baum, R. & B. 1 V4-IV4 -^^; POP- 1800).
The Kuhherg (p. 232) may be ascended from Rotenkirchen, Stiitzen-
griln, Neuheide, or Scfionheide, stations on this branch-line.
About 2 M. to the E. of (7 M.) Wiesenburg is the small town
of Wildenfels, with a chateau. — 121/2 M. Stein (1020 ft.; Rail.
Restaurant) with a picturesque old castle; 1 M. to the N.E. is
Hartenstein (Weisses Ross; pop. 2700), the birthplace of the poet
Paul Flefiiing (1609-40), commemorated by a monument erected in
1896. — 16 M. Niederscldema (1090 ft.), with paper-mills.
Branch-line to (3 M.) Schneeberg (1540 ft.; Sdchsisches Haus ;
Goldne Sonne), an imjjortant lace-making town with 9000 inhabitants,
The late-Gothic church, erected in 1516-40, contains a large altar-piece,
with wings, repiosenting the ^Crucifixion, painted by Cranach the Elder
and his pupils in 1539. The tower (260 ft.) commands a fine view. The
numerous mines in the vicinity, formerly rich in silver, now chiefly
produce cobalt, bismuth, and nickel.
18 V2 M. Aue (1140 ft.; Erzgebirgischer Hof, R. IV2-3 ^;
Victoria)^ an industrious town (17,100 inhab.) situated in a hollow
at the confluence of the Mulde and the Schwarzwasser, is the junc-
tion for Chemnitz and Adorf (p. 232). — The line then ascends the
valley of the /Schwarzwasser to (25 M.) Schwarzenberg (1400 ft. ;
pop. 4600; Siichsischer Hof, R. 172"2 ^; JRathaus)., a small town
with an old Schloss, on an eminence skirted by the river.
From Schwarzenberg the Morgenleite (2663 ft. ; view) may be as-
cended in 11/2 hr. via Henneberghduser (2034 ft. ; red and yellow way-
marks). The descent may be made to Aue (see above).
We continue to ascend the valley of the Schwarzwasser. —
35^/3 M. Johanngeorgenstadt (2640 ft. ; Hotel de Saxe, R. V/2-
272^/ Deidsches Haus)^ a small town (6200 inhab.) on the left
bank of the Schwarzwasser. In the market-place is a statue of
Elector John George, who founded the town in 1654 as a refuge for
Bohemian Protestant exiles. Luggage is examined here.
From Johanngeorgenstadt to (39 M.) Carlsbad, railway in 21/2 hrs.
via Flatten, Bdrringen, and Neudek (see Baedeker''s Austria).
f. From Chemnitz to Adorf.
72 M. Railway in 41/2 hrs.
Chemnitz, see p. 224. — The first important station is (23 M.)
Zwonitz (1800 ft.), 1/2 ^- f^'oni the little town of that name
(Blauer Engel; 3500 inhab.).
From Zwonitz to Scheibenberg, 14 M., branch-railway in VI2 hr. —
From (8 M.) Grimhain (Ratskeller) an easy path ascends to the (1/2 hr.)
top of the Spiegehvald (2350 ft. ; view). — 11 M. Elterlein (Ratskeller),
a small town, surrounded by woods, amid which is the Schatzenstein
232 Route 32. EIBENSTOCK. The Erzgehirge.
(2505 ft.). — 14 M. Scheibenberg (2040 ft.; Ratskeller), with 2600 inhab.,
is situated near the mountain of the same name (2640 ft.; 1/2 h^.).
The train now crosses the ridge (1820 ft.) and descends (1 : 40)
in windings to the Lossnitz-Tal. — 311/2 M. Aue (1130 ft.), the
junction of the Zwickau -Schwarzenberg line (p. 231). 'We next
ascend the valley of the Mulde. — 43 M. Eibenstock (2100 ft.;
Bathaus, R. IV2-2V2, ^' ^V* ^Z ^^«^^^ Leipzig), a town of 8700
inhab., 1^2 ^' to the S.E. of the station, the chief seat of the
tambour-embroidery.
From Eibenstock a road runs to the S. to (41/2 M.) Wildental, whence
the *Aiiersberg (3340 ft.), with view-tower (20 pf.) and inn, may be as-
cended in 3/4 hr.
45 M. Schonheiderhammer (1780 ft.; Karlshof), a village with
iron-works.
The *Kuhberg (2605 ft. ; Restaurant), with view-tower (10 pf.), is
ascended in IV4 hr. from Schonheiderhammer via Neuheide (p. 231),
59^2 ^^- Schoneck (pop. 4500 ; Schtitzenhaus), the highest station
on the line (2515 ft.); 63 M. Zwota (2210 ft.), a long village in the
Zwota-Tal. — The railway continues to descend rapidly. 60 M.
Markneukirchen (1540 ft.; pop. 8500), 1 M. from the town (Post,
R. l%-3, D. 1'^ 4^^; U. S. consular agent, IF. jB?'?^ce Wallace)., which
is the centre of the Erzgebirge manufacture of musical instruments.
Fine views from the Bismarck-Sciule and the Hohe Stein (2550 ft.).
— 72 M. Adorf (1455 ft.; pop. 7100; Goldener Lowe, R. l^V^,
D. 11/4 ^6; Victoria), a small town in the valley of the Weisse
Elster, is the junction for the Leipzig and Eger railway (see p. 259).
33. Prom Dresden to Leipzig.
a. Via, Riesa.
74 M. Railway in 13/4-31/4 hrs. (fares 10 JCIO, 6 JC 80, 3 .^ 70 pf.).
Dresden, see p. 175. — The train starts from the Central
Station and crosses the Elbe to the (2^/4 M.) Dresden- Neustadt
Station (p. 175). Beyond the town it skirts the LossJiitz, a range
of vine-clad hills with numerous villas. — 52/4 M. Radeheul (electric
tramway to Dresden).
FromRadebeul a branch-line runs to {lQ^l2^'^-)Iiadeburg, on the Roder,
via Ldssnitzgrund and (51/2 ^I-) Moritzburg-Eisenberg (Adam's Inn), the
station for the Moritzburg, a royal chateau built on an islet in a lake
by Elector Maurice in 1541, and enlarged in 1722-30 (interesting interior).
7 M. Weintraube, ^j^ M. from the station of which is the
Paradies (715 ft. ; restaurant), a favourite resort of the Dresdeners.
8 M. Kotzschenhroda ^electric tramway to Dresden); 10^2 ^^•
Coswig, the junction for Meissen and Dobeln (see p. 233).
14V4 ^^- ^i^derau. From (21 M.) Priestewitz a branch-line
diverges to Grossenhain (3 M. ; p. 174). 283/4 M. Laiigenherg is
the junction of the Berlin line (p. 174). Roderau (p. 233) lies on
the right bank of the Elbe. The train crosses the Elbe.
(
rlt:klr. Strxissenbahn
teojxapii ^ji.s-! v .^'arni?^ A Ii«>>it>s,l.,
^L^° 3lPter.
MEISSEN. 33. Route. 233
33 M. Riesa (Kaiserhof ; Railway Hotel & Restaurant., very
fair; Sdchsischer Hof)^ a busy town on the Elbe (14,100 inhab.),
is an important junction.
From Riesa to Chemnitz, 41 M., railway in IV4-2 hrs. — 16 M.
Dobeln is the junction of the Leipzig, Meissen, and Dresden line (see
(p. 236). The train crosses the Freiberger Mulde here, and the Zschopau
farther on, commanding several pleasing views of the valley of the latter.
22 M. Waldheim (Deutsches Haus, Goldncr Lowe; pop. 12,300), a small
town with a large prison. — 30 M. Mittweida ( Europdischer Hof,
R. I^l2-2JC] Deutsches Haus), a busy town with 17,500 inhab. and a
technical school for mechanical engineers. — On a lofty rock on the
right bank of the Zschopau, 1 M. to the N. of (35 M.) Oherlichtenau,
is the chateau of Sachsenhurg (now a house of correction) ; IV2 M. to the
S. lies the extensive chateau of Lichtemvalde, with an old park and
beautiful fountains. — 41 M. Chemnitz, see p. 224.
From Riesa to Freiberg, 35 M., railway in 3-43/4 hrs. 8V2 M. Lom-
77ia<2;sc?i (Goldne Sonne, R. l^l^-'^^I^JC: 4100 inhab.), on the Jahne, in the
most fertile part of Saxony. 2OV2 M- Nossen, also a station on the
Leipzig, Dobeln, and Dresden line (p. 235). — 35 M. Freiberg (p. 222).
Lines aloo run from Riesa to (21/2 M.) Roderau (p. 174) and (16 M.)
Elsterwerda (p. 174).
41 M. Oschatz (425 ft.; Groldener Lowe), an industrial town
(10,900 inhab.) with a fine park and a Rathaus of 1537.
46 Y2 ^-t- Dahlen. About 4 M. to the S. rises the Collmherg
(995 ft.), with a view-tower.
57^2 ^I- Wurzen (Post), a manufacturing place (pop. 17,200),
with an old cathedral and chateau (1491-97). It is the junction of a
line to (I5Y2 ^0 Grossbothen (p. 236), passing Grimma (p. 236).
The Mulde is now crossed. 66 Y2 ^- Borsdorf; 70^2 ^- Pauns-
dorf. — 74 M. Leipzig, see p. 237.
b. vm Meissen.
82 M. Railway in 3-4 hrs. (fares 9 ^^ 10, o JC 80, 3 JC 70 pf.). This
route is longer, but more attractive than the foregoing.
As far as (IOY2 ^0 Coswig the route is the same as the preced-
ing. The train crosses the Elbe, and soon reaches —
16 M. Meissen. — Hotels. On the right bank: Bahnhofs-HStel,
at the rail, station; Ross, opposite the station; Hamburger Hof (PI. e),
with garden. — On the left bank: Blauer Stern (PI. a), R. IV2-3V2J
D. IV2-2 JC; GoldeJier Lowe (PL c), R. IV2-2 JC ; Albcrthof (PL b) ; Goldene
Sonne (PL d). — Restaurants. Ratskeller, in the old Rathaus; Burg-
Tceller, on the Schlossberg, with view, D. 1V2«^/ Geipelburg, Kaisergarten,
both with gardens. Wine at the Winkelkrug, Sclilossberg 13, and the
Alte Ritter, next the Frauen-Kirchc. Cafe Milhlberg.
Cab from the station or stcamboat-q[uay to the Albrechtsburg or to
the porcelain-factory, 1 pers. 1 JC., 2 pers. 1 ^ 25 pf. — Electric
Tramway from the station to the (10 min.) porcelain-factory, and thence
through the Triebisch-Tal to the (V* hr.) Buschbad Restaurant; fare
10 pf. — Steamer to Dresden in 2^/^ hrs. (from Dresden I1/4 hr.).
Meissen (360 ft.), one of the most ancient towns in Saxony,
founded about 930 by King Henry I. and the seat of the Margraves
of Meissen down to 1090, is picturesquely situated on both banks
of the Elbe. It has 32,200 inhab. and carries on various industries.
234 P^oute 33. ]MEISSEN. From Dresden
On the right bank of the Elbe are the railway-station and the
interesting modern Church of St. John, with good frescoes by
Sascha Schneider (open in summer on week-days, except Sat., 5-7;
at other times, sexton 50 pf.).
On the left bank is the Heinrichs-Platz, in which are a fountain-
figure of Henry I. and the old Franciscan Church, the cloisters
of which contain old sculptures I'adm. 20 pf., 3-5 pers. 15 pf. each,
larger parties 10 pf. each), while the upper story contains a histori-
cal collection (10-4, Sun. 11-4; fees as above). Farther on is the
Grosse Markt . with the Bathaus (1479). ^Te next follow the
Burg-Strasse to the right, passing under the Schloss-Briicke, then
turn to the left, cross the bridge, and reach the Schlossberg, 160 ft.
above the town, on which stand the cathedral and the'Albrechts-
burg. In front of the latter is a bronze Statue of Albert the Brave
(1443-1500), by Hultzsch (1876).
The choir of the "^Cathedral dates fi'om the end of the 13th
cent., the nave and aisles from 1300-80, and the S.E. tower ("254 ft.),
with its elegant spire, from the 15th century. The two W. towers,
295 ft. in height, were added in 1903-08. The portals and the in-
terior are adorned with numerous interesting sculptures.
INTERIOR (the sacristan lives at Dom-Platz 7; adm. i'2- 2-4 pers. 1 JC).
In the Johannis-Kapelle (1291; are good carved figures of John the Baptist,
and of the Madonna and Child with an angel (?); and in the choir are
four statues (Emp. Otho I. and his wife. St. John the Evangelist, and
Bishop Donatus) resemhling the statues in the cathedrals of Bamberg
and Xaumhurg. Most of the ancestors of the royal family of Saxony
of the 15th and 16th cent, repose in this church. The finest monument
is that of Frederick the "Warlike (d. 1-428), in bronze, in the Fursten-
Kapelle (built in 1420-30). in front of the W. portal. The ^Brasses
of the Duchess Sidonia (d. 1510) and the Duchess Amalia (d. 1502), and
those of the princes Ernest (d. 1486^ and Albert (d. 1500), the founders
of the present reigning lines (see p. 257). all probably from the work-
shop of Hermann Tischer and his son Peter, are noteworthy. The reliefs
over the portal of this chapel (1342) should also be noticed. — The
Georgen-Kapelle. adjoining the Fiirsten-Kapelle, with the tomb of George
the Bearded (d. 1539) and his wife Barbara (d. 1534), contains a small
altar-piece by Lucas Cronach the Elder (?), representing Christ between
St. Mary and St. John, with George and Barbara on the wings (1534),
and also a fine marble relief of the Entombment (ca. 1530). On the
screen '(13th cent.) between the nave and choir is a winged altar-piece,
with paintings of the school of Cranach (Crucifixion in the middle). In
the choir is a similar altar-piece, with paintings (Adoration of the Magi,
with saints and a portrait of Bishop Sigismund, the donor) by a German
master under Xetherlandish influence (ca. 1520). The central stained-
glass window in the choir (restored) dates from the 13th century. —
Near the cathedral is a small cloister with the Magdalenen-Kapellc,
containing a small museum.
The *Albrechtsburg, erected in 1471-85 by the brothers
and co-regents Ernest and Albert, from plans by Arnold of West-
phalia, is one of the most extensive castles of that period, with
remarkablv fine vaultinof and staircase. From 1710 to 1864 it was
occupied by the royal porcelain-factory. Since 1873 it has been
to Leipzig. MEISSEN. 53. Route. 235
thoroughly restored, and decorated with frescoes illustrative of its
history by modern Grerman artists. The windows command a number
of beautiful views. Visitors are conducted (2/4 hr.) through the
Schloss by the castellan from 9 a.m. to 4, 5, 6, or 7 p.m. according
to the season; fee for 1-5 pers. 2 t/^, each additional pers. 40 pf.
The entrance is behind the statue of Duke Albert (see p. 234).
A handsome spiral staircase ('Grosser Wendelstein') ascends to the
First Floor, debouching on the Church Hall, which is adorned with
frescoes of scenes in the history of Meissen, by Dietrich, and with portraits
of princes and princesses of the Wettin family. The adjoining Jo /la^iwzs-
Kapelle contains an altar of the 15th century. — The Large Banqueting
Hall contains excellent painted wooden figures of several Saxon princes,
carved by Schneider from designs by modern German artists. The fres-
coes represent the Abduction of the Saxon princes (three pictures), by
Oehme; Victory of Albert the Brave at the tournament at Pirna (1459);
Investiture of Ernest and Albert by the Emperor Frederick III. (1465),
both by Diethe. — The frescoes in the Small Banqueting Hall include
the Betrothal of Albert the Brave and Princess Sidonia of Bohemia (1445),
by Hoffmann, and four landscapes by the younger Freller, representing
places prominent in Albert's career. The Large and Small Electors^
Rooms (Kurfiirstenzimnier), on the other side of the Church Hall, are
adorned with nine pictures, by Scholz, of scenes from the life of Albert.
Second Floor. The Bottger Room contains two paintings hy Kiessling :
Bottger as an alchemist (1705) and Augustus the Strong in Bottger's labor-
atory (1710). — Small Judgment Hall: Opening of the Fiirsten-Schule at
Meissen by the Elector Maurice (1543) ; Arrival at Meissen of students from
Leipzig (1547), both by Spiess. — Large Judgment Hall. The frescoes, by
Marshall, represent an Ecclesiastical Council under Maurice (1548) and the
Death of Maurice after the battle of Sievershausen (1553). The adjoining
Tower Room commands a good view. — A Vestibule (Father Augustus's
Room), with wall-paintings by Gey, leads to the finely-vaulted Armotiry,
with an elaborate chimney-piece and pictures of Saxon castles by Choulant.
On the Afra-Berg, which is connected with the Schlossberg by
the Schloss-Briicke (p. 234), is the new building (1879) of the
FUrsten-Schule, where Gellert (1729-34) and Lessing (1741-46)
were pupils. The Gothic Church of St. Afra, built in 1295-1329,
was afterwards altered.
The celebrated Royal Porcelain Manufactory (700 workmen),
the oldest in Europe, founded in 1710 (conip. pp. 201-2), is now
established in the Triebisch-Tal (tramway, see p. 233; rail, station,
see below). It is shown on week-days 7-12 (winter 8-12) and 1.30-6
(Sat. 1.30-4); fee 2 ^ for 1 pers., or 1 ^ for each member of a
party. The visit takes about V4 hr.
Among several beautiful points of view in the environs of Meissen
may be mentioned Schloss Scharfenherg ; the rocky height of the Posel,
near Oberspaar ; and Schloss Slebeneichen.
171/2 M- Meissen-Triehischtal, less than V2 ^- t^ ^^^ N- of
which is the Meissen porcelain-factory (see above). At (30 M.)
Nossen (branch-line to Freiberg, p. 233), with a Schloss, the pretty
valley of the Mulde is entered. In the vicinity are the ruins of the
Cistercian monastery oiAltzella, with a burial-chapel of the princes
of Meissen. From (35 M.) Bosswein a branch-line diverges to
Chemnitz (see p. 225).
236 lioute 33. GRIMJMA.
42 M. Dobeln (Rdtze: Stadt Altenburg), a thriving little
town with 18.900 inhab. and a late-Grothic church, is the junction
of branch-lines to Riesa and Chemnitz (see p. 233) and to Milgeln
(p. 233). — 50 M. Leisnig (Hot, Belvedere, with view; Goldener
Lowe: Rail. Restaurantj, a manufacturing town with 8100 inhab.,
is commanded by Schloss Mildenstein (view from the tower; adm.
10 pf.). — To the right of (54M.) Tanndorf rises the finely-situated
Scfdoss Kossern. — 59 M. Grosshothen.
From Grossbothex to Glauchau. 35 M., railway in 2 hrs. The rail-
way, coming from Wurzeu and Grimma (see p. 233). traverses the pretty
Millden-Tal, which offers many charms to the pedestrian. — 4 M. Colditz
(pop. 5200: Weisses Hausj. a small town on the Zicickauer Mulde, com-
manded by an old castle (1578-91), now a lunatic asylum. — IOV2 ^^•
Rochlitz (Goldener Lowe), an ancient town of 6300 inhab., with an old
electoral Chateau with two towers. The late-Gothic Church of St. Cuni-
giinda (1499) is also noteworthy. The Rochlitzer Berg (1115 ft. above
the sea, 630 ft. above the river), 21/2 M- from the town, with an inn and
a view-tower (adm, 15 pf.) commands a beautiful panorama. A branch-
line diverges hence to Xarsdorf and Penig (see below) ; another to Wald-
heim. — I5i/., M. "Wechselburg rSdchsischer Hofj, with a chateau, the
late-Romanesque chapel of which (1-3 pers. 1 .^), containing interesting
late-Romanesque and Gothic ^Sculptures, was formerly the church of the
Augustine abbey of Zschillen (founded 1168). The park of the chateau
may be visited (1-5 pers. 1 J^). A branch-line connects it with Chemnitz
(p. 224). — The train now passes under the imposing Gohrener Viaduct
(p. 225). 20 M. Rochsburg (Rochsburg Inn), with a chateau and park of
the Counts of Schonburg. — 231/2 M. Penig (Stadt Leipzig), a small town
of 7400 inhab., where the above-mentioned line to Xarsdorf and Roch-
litz diverges. — 27 M. Wolkenhurg (Park Restaurant), with a chateau
and park and a church of 1794; 30 M. Waldenhurg (Deutsches Haus ;
2700 inhab.), the residence of Prince Schonburg -Waldenburg. — 35 M.
Glauchau (p. 225).
63^,2 M. Grimraa (Schiitzenhaits , with garden; Goldener
Lowe), picturesquely situated on the Mulde, with 11,200 inhab.;
also a station ('Untere Bahnhof; on the Wurzen-Grossbothen line
(p. 233). The electoral Schloss, by the Mulde bridge, is now oc-
cupied by public offices. The Fursten-Schule, in a handsome new
building, farther up the river, was established in 1550. The
Rathaus dates from 1442. The Gattershurg Restmirant, ^'2 ^^•
from the upper or Dresden station, commands a fine view. Pleasant
wood-walks on the opposite bank of the Mulde. — The convent
of Ximhschen. where Catharine von Bora, Luther's wife, lived in
1509-23, now lies in ruins IV o ^^- upstream (restaurant).
The line traverses the vallev of the Parthe. Stations: Naun-
hof{10 M.) and (74i .^ M.) Borsdorf, where the Riesa line (p. 233)
is reached.
Dresden., ChemziitB
iTpsiTnaq^-xija:
237
34. Leipzig.
Arrival. Cab-tickets are issued at the stations, as at Berlin; tariff,
see p. 238. There are no hotel-omnibuses. Electric tramways, see p. 2.38.
— A large Union Station for all lines is being erected on the site of
the old Thuringian, Magdeburg, and Dresden stations. At present (1910)
there are five principal railway-stations at Leipzig. 1. Bavarian Station
(PI. D, 5; //), for Berlin (express-trains), Hof (Nuremberg, Munich), Eger
(Carlsbad), and Chemnitz. 2. Berlin Station (PI. E, 2; /), for Berlin
(ordinary trains only), Halle, Magdeburg, Hamburg, Hanover (Cologne),
and Bremen. 3. Dresden Station (PL D, 3; //), for Dresden, G5rlitz,
Breslau, and Chemnitz. 4. Thuringian Station (temporary; PL D 3, II),
for Eisenach, Bebra, Cassel, and Frankfort-on-the-Main, and for Gera
and Saalfeld. 5. Eilenburg Station (PL E, 4; /), for Cottbus, Sorau,
Posen, Breslau, etc. — Tourists'' Enquiry Ofpce at the Kaufhaus (PL D,
4; //), entrance from the Kupfergasschen.
Hotels. (During fair-time prices are raised and rooms should be
booked in advance.) *Hotel Hauffe (PL a, D4; 7/), R. from 31/2, B.
IV2, D. (1.15 p.m.) 3V2-4V2 -^; *Kaiserhof (PL p, D 4; II), R. from 3,
B. 11/4, D. 3-41/2, pens, from S^I^JC; *H6tel de Prusse (PL b, D4; II),
R. 3V>-6, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 8-12 J^, all three first-class hotels, on the
Promenade. — *Sedan (PL d, D 3 ; II), R. from 2, B. 1, D. 21/2-3 J^; *H6t.
Royal (PL h, D 4; II), R. 21/2-5, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 6-10 JC ; *Hentschel
(PL g, D 4; II), R. from 21/2, B. 1, D. 3, pens, from 6 JC; Hotel de Rome
(PL i, D, 3, 4; //), near the Dresden Station, R. 3-10, B. I1/4, D. 31/3-5,
pens, from 9JC; *Sachsenhof (PL k, D 4; II), R. 21/2-5, B. 1^, with
restaurant (D. l^l^^) and cafe ; Hotel de Russie (PL c, C 4; II), commer-
cial; Central (PL f, C, D, 4; //), commercial; Hot. de Pologne (PL r,
C 4; //) ; Palmbadm (PL e, D 3; //), R. 2-5, B. 1, D. 2-3 JC; Furstenhof,
Trondlin-Ring 4 (PL C, 3; II), R. 2-4, B. 1, D. from I1/2 c^; Deutsches
Haus (PL s, C, 4, 5; II), R. 2-4, B. 1, D. from 11/4-^; Lebe's Hotel
(PL 1, D, 3, 4; //), R. l^U-4,, B. 1, D. I1/2-3 J^: Hot. dd Nord, Bliicher-
Str. 10 (PL D, 3; //), R. 2-6, B. 1 JC ; Stadt Nurnberg (PL m, D 5; II),
near the Bavarian Station; Muller's (PL n, C4; II); Stadt Freiberg
(PL q, D 4; //), R. Is/^-S, B. 3/4, D. I1/4 JC; Vier Jahreszeiten, Bliicher-
Str. 37 (PL D, 3; //), R. 1V2-2V2» B. 3/4, D. I1/2 JC. — Marthahaus, a
hospice for single ladies, Lohr-Str. 9, R. 1 1/2-4 c^. — Hoffmanyi's Hotel
Garni, Wintergarten-Str. 14 (PL D, 3; //), R. IV2-2V2, B- ^U ^- —
Pensions. Clausius, Czermak's Garten 6 (PL D, 4; II), 5 cd; Marggraff,
Markgrafen-Str. 6 (41/3-? J^) ; Miiller, Quer-Str. 14 (4-6 JC) ; Schneidewiyid,
Post-Str. 9 (5-71/2 c^^); Wiener, Grassi-Str. 30 (41/2-6 c^).
Restaurants. Wine. "^Paege, Markt 8 (court) ; ^RatsTieller {^.2i.^),
D. 13/4-3, S. 21/2 JC; Bodenstein, Schul-Str. 3, D. 2-3 JC; Winckler,
Grimmaische-Str. 32, D. 2-3 JC ; Krause , Katharinen-Str. 6, D. 3 JC;
Schdfer, Georgi-Ring 6, D. 2 J^; Simmer, Peters-Str. 34, D. 2-3 J^; Central
Theatre Restaurant, D. I1/2 JC; AuerhacWs Keller (p. 242); Bodega,
Grimmaische-Str. 8. — Beer. ^Kitzing & Helbig, Peters-Str. 36, D. 11/4-^;
^New Theatre (PL D, 4; //), with terrace, D. I1/4 J^; "^Baarmann,
Katharinen-Str. 3, D. l^j^JC; Oertel, Theatergasse 2 (PL C, 3); KUnstler-
haus (p. 243), Bose-Str. 9, D. l^UJC; Hannes, Beethoven-Str. 17 ; Panorama
(PL D, 4; //), Ross-Platz, with concert -garden, D. l^UJC] Thiiriiiger
Hof, Burg-Str. 21, popular. — Automatic Restaurants, corner of the Grim-
maische-Str. and the Neumarkt, Peters-Str. 37, etc. — 'Gose' (see p. 246)
at the Silberner Bar, Universitats-Str. 22, and at Eutritzsch (p. 246).
Caf^s. Cafe Franqais (Felsche), Augustus-Platz, at the corner of
the Grimmaische-Str. ; Hennersdorf, Gewandgasschen 4, confectionery at
these two; Bauer, Ross-Platz; Monopol, Grimmaische-Str. 10; Reichs-
kanzler, Goethe-Str. 9 (PL E, 3), also confectionery; iferfcwr, Thomas-Ring 5.
238 Route 34. LEIPZIG. Practical Notes.
Baths. Sophienhad. Dorotheen-Str. 3 (PI. C, 1; //) ; Dia'nahad,
Lauge-Str. 8 (PL E. 4 ; I); Carolahad. Diifour-Str.' U (PI. C, 5; 77), all
with Turkish, vapour, and swimming baths. — River Baths at the swimming
and bath establishment Tl. B. 4 : I) at Sehreber-Str. 15 and at the Germania-
Bad (PI. B. 6 : 7), in the Schleussiger Weg.
Taximeter Cabs. For all drives from the stations, 10 pf. extra.
Luggage: 22-55 lbs. 25 pf . ; each additional 55 lbs., 25 pf.
First Class (with yellow wheels) : 1-2 pers. per 800 metres 70 pf., every
additional 400 metres' 10 pf. more; 3-4 pers., 600 m. 70 pf., every ad-
ditional 300 m. 10 pf. more; at night (10.30-7) or outside the ordinary
radius, 1-4 pers., per 400 m. 70 pf., every additional 200 m. 10 pf. more
(plus 25 pf. for the whole hiring for 2-3 pers., 50 pf. for 4 pers.). —
Second Class. Distances, etc., as above, with fare of 50 pf ., instead of 70 pf .
— There are also Motor Cabs.
Electric Traraways (fare 10 pf . ; free transfer to other cars of
same compauv\ The chief intersecting points are the Augustus-Plats
(PI. D. 4: 7 ."the Bl iiche r-Platz {Vl.D. S : 7). the Georgi-Pdng (Vl.J),^', I),
the Baijerscher-Platz (PL D. 5; 7). and the Old Theatre (PL C, 3; 7).
A. i&ROssE Leipziger Steassexbahx (blue cars) : A. Gohlis (PL C. 1 ; 7)-
X\\^\si\\^-VUXz-Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. (PL C, 6 ; 7). — B. Bavarian Station
(PL D. 5 : 7 ,-Leutzsch (bevond PL A, 4 ; 7). — D. Dolitz (bevond PL D, 8 ; 7)-
Gohlis Tl. C. 1:7).— E. Eatritzsch PL D. E. 1: I)-Schlachthof (PL
D. 6. 7: 7\ — F. Sildfriedhof (PL F. 7: D-Lindenau (PL A. 4:7). —
G. Gohlis (PL C, 1: I)-Kronprinz-Str. (PL C. D, 6; 7). — K. Klein-
zschocher (bevond PL A. 6; I)- Sellerhausen (bevond PL F. 3; 7). —
L. Leutzsch (bevond PL A. 4 ; I)-Tauchaer-Tor (PL E. 3:7). — M. Mockern
PL A. 1 : lyConnewitz (PI. D. 8:7). — P. Probstheida (bevond PL F. 7 ; 7)-
Lindenau (PL A, 4: I). — R. Augustus-Platz (PL D, 4; 7)-Reudr.itz-
Anqer-Crottendorf rbevond PL F. 5; 7). — S. Sellerhausen (beyond
PL'F. 3: lyPlagv-itz Station (beyond PL A, 5:7).— V. Volkmarsdorf
(PL F. 3: I -Kleinzschocher 'beyond PL A, 6: 7).
B. Leipziger Elektrische Strassexbahn (red cars): 1. Mocl^au
(bevond PL F, 1 ; lyConneicitz Tl. D.8 ; 7). — 2. Schonefeld (PL F, 2 ; 7)-
StStteritz (PL F, 6; 7). — 3. Eutritzsch (PL D. E. 1 : I)- Grosszschocher
(beyond PL A, 6; 7). — 4. Paunsdorf (beyond PL F, 4; I)- Mockern
(PL A, 1; 7). — 5. Schonefeld (PL F, 2; I)- Kleinzschocher (beyond PL
A. 6 : I\ — 6. Stotteritz rPl. F. 6 : lyGohlis (PL C, 1 ; 7). — 7. Connew'tz
(PL D. 8: IrPdebeck-Str. (PL F. 5; 7).
Circular Drive through the town, starting from the Fleischer-Platz
(PL C. 3. 4: 77 . in summer, at 9.30 a.m. (2 hrs. ; fare 3 JC).
Strangers' Enquiry Office /Verkehrs-Yerein'), at the Stadtisehe
Kaufhaus p. 242 .
Post and Telegraph Office PL D 4. 77; p. 246). in the Augustus-
Platz.
Theatres. Xev: Theatre (PL D 4, 77: p. 240), performances daily:
central balconv 3i o-5i/.,. side-balconv 41/2, parquet 3-31/2^ (opera prices,
4-6. 5. & 4-5 J). — Old Theatre (PL C 3. 77; p. 243). parquet 31/4^. —
Schauspielhaus PL D. 5 : 77). fauteuil 3 JC 30. first parquet 2 ^ 80 pf. —
Xeues Ope retten-T heater (Central- Theater, PL C,4; 77;, fauteuil 3 ^ 60,
first parquet 2 .€ 60 pf.
Variety Entertainments. Kri stall- Palast (PL D. 3 ; 77), Winter-
garten-Str. 19. with theatre of varieties, concerts, etc. (parquet 21/4 t^). —
Pleasure Resorts. Palmen- Garten, see p. 245 (1 JC, in evening 50 pf. ;
D.. inrl. admission. 2-3.#) ; Zoological Garden, see p. 245 (60pf.) : Bonorand
(PL C. 8: 77). with concert-hall.
Concerts in the Gev:ajidhaus (p. 245). every Thurs. evening in winter
(tickets 6 JC : nearlv all taken up bv subscribers); general rehearsal on
Wed. forenoon (adin. 2 JC). Conductor, Prof. A. Xikisch. These cel-
ebrated concerts were established in the old Gewandhaus (p. 242) in 1743
(comp. p. 245). — Motett. admirably sung by the boys of the Thomas-
Schule. in the Thomas-Kirche (p. 243). every Sat. at 1.30 p.m.
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History. LEIPZIG. ^4. Route. 239
Exhibitions of Pictures a.t the Kunstverein in the Museum (p. 240);
Del Vecchio, Burg-Str. 33 (PL C, 4; 77); Betjer S Sohu, SchuLStr. 8
(PLC, 4; 77).
British Consul-General, Baron Tauchnitz, Dresdner-Str. 5 (office-
hour 11-12) ; Vice-Consul, Dr. Curt Otto. — American Consul, Southard
P. Warner, Esq., Dorotheen-Str. 1 (9-12 & 2-4, Sat. 9-1); Vice-Consul,
Frederick Nachod, Esq., Kail-Tauchnitz-Str. 27.
Neiu York Herald Beadincf Boom, at the bank of Knauth, Nachod,
& Kiihne, Bruhl 7. — Agency of the North German Lloyd, with reading-
room (American newspapers), Augustus-Platz, Georgi-Ring 1.
Anglo- American Church (All Saints), 8ebastian-Bach-Str. 1 (PI. 4,
B 4; 7). Services on Sun. at 11 a.m. and 6 p.m. Brit. Chaplain, Bev. E. F.
Scofleld. M.A., Schreber-Str. 3. — American-British Union Church,
in the Schule fiir Frauenberufe, Schillcr-Str. 9 (PL D, 4; 77). Services
on Sun. at 11.30 a.m. and 3.30 p.m. Pastor, Bev. B. B. MacHatton,
Mozart-Str. 13.
Leipzig (385 ft.), one of the most important commercial towns
in Germany and the chief industrial place in Saxony, with 515,000
inhab., including a garrison of 6000 men, and the centre of the
German book-trade, is the seat of the supreme law-courts of the
German Empire and of one of the most ancient and important
universities in Europe. It is also the headquarters of the 19th
Army Corps. The city lies in an extensive plain, near the con-
fluence of the Elster, the Pleisse, and the Parthe. The interior
of the city consists of lofty and closely-built houses, dating chiefly
from the 17th and 18th cent., and is surrounded by pleasant Pro-
menades (about 2 M. round) on the site of the old fortifications,
beyond which lie the inner suburbs, enclosed in their turn by a
girdle of outer suburbs (Peudnitz, Eutritzsch, Gohlis, Lindenau,
Plagwitz, Coniiewitz, Losnig, etc.), incorporated with the city
since 1889-91. Six other suburbs (Ddlitz^ Dosen, Probstheida,
Stofteritz, Stilntz, and Mockern) are to be incorporated in 1910.
Leipzig derives its name from a Slavonic village, beside which a Ger-
manic settlement is mentioned at the beginning of the 11th century. This
town, situated at the intersection of the trade-routes between Poland and
Thuringia and between North Germany and Bohemia, was endowed with
privileges by Otho the Rich, Margrave of Meissen. Markets were held at
Leipzig biennially at 'Jubilate' and Michaelmas, but it was not until the
15th cent., that the Leipzig Fairs attained any great importance. In 1497
and 1507 the Emp. Maximilian confirmed the privileges of the town by pro-
hibiting markets to be held at any town within a wide circle around, and
by guaranteeing a safe-conduct to all the frequenters of the Leipzig fairs.
The trade of Leipzig was temporarily depressed by the various wars of
the 17th and 18th cent., but the fairs retained their importance until the
development of new commercial methods fostered by railways and tele-
graphs. They are now to be looked on as Sample or Commission Meetings
rather than as occasions for the actual sale and transference of goods.
The Jubilate Fair lasts from the first Mon. in March till the following
Sat., the Michaelmas Fair lasts three weeks beginning Avith the last
Sun. in August. The focus of business is the Kaufhaus (p. 242), but the
traffic in the Peters-Str. and the Grimmaische-Str. is also very brisk.
The wares exhibited include pottery, glass, paper, leather, and articles in
wood. After London, Leipzig is the chief seat of the fur-trade.
Leipzig is still more important as the centre of the Book Trade of Ger-
many, a position which it has occupied since the middle of the 18th century.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 16
240 Boute 34. LEIPZIG. Museum.
There are 900 publishers' offices and booksellers' shops and over 170 printing-
offices in the town, and publishers in other parts of Germany almost
invariably have depots of their books at Leipzig, whence they are sent
to all parts of Europe and more distant countries. On the Monday after
Cantate (fourth Sun. after Easter) the yearly balancing of accounts takes
place (p. 245).
On the E. side of the old town the promenades are interrupted
by the spacious Augustus- Pi. atz (PL D, 4; //), which is enclosed
by the Xew Theatre, the Xuseum, the University (p. 241), and the
Post Office. The monumental fountain (Mende-Brunnen) in front
of the Museum, by Gnauth. was erected in 1886.
The New Theatre PI. D, 4; //), a handsome building in the
Renaissance style, designed by K. F. Langhans, was completed in
1867. The back of the building, with its semicircular projecting
terrace, adjoins the Schwanenteich, a miniature lake, producing a
very picturesque effect.
Opposite the theatre stands the * Museum (Vl. D, 4: 11).
erected from designs by L. Lange in 1858 and enlarged by Licht
in 1883-86. On the groundfloor are the sculptures and on the first
floor the picture-gallery, including an excellent modern collection.
The Museum is open daily, 10-4 (10-3 in winter. Sun. 10.30-3, Mon.
12-4;: adm. on Mon. IJC. Tues., Thurs., and Sat. 50 pf., Sun., Wed., and
Frid. free. Director, Professor Schreiber. Catalogue (1903) 1 JC.
Ground Floor. To the right are the rooms of the Kmutverein
(adm. 1 c^ . To the left are the ticket-office and the cloak-room, beyond
which is Room I : Sketches, water-colours, and cartoons bj' Genclli. —
EooMs XL VI: Water-colours and drawings, by Schwind. Menzel, Leibl,
Richter, and others. — Corridor Via: 269. Permoser, Condemnation
(marble) ; 480. TJmhrian School, Fresco of the Archangel Michael, said to
have been removed from the cathedral at Orvieto (ca. 1500). — Rooms VII-IX:
Casts of Italian sculjjtures of the 14-17th centuries. R, VIII. also contains
medallions of the Italian Renaissance and some admirable modern works
by Jlax Klinger. — To the right is a room with casts \iY Michael Anyelo. —
Room IX. To the right, 154. Jlurillo (?). Madonna; to the left of the
exit, 485. B. Mainardi (*?;. Adoration of the Shepherds. — Room X: Casts
of modern works. Here also are original works in marble by Thorvaldsen
(80. Ganymede and the eagle). Pauch, Pktschel. Donndorf, Duret, etc. —
To the left is the entrance to a Separate Room (adm. 1 JC), containing
KUnger's *Statue of Beethoven, a wonderful work in coloured marble,
bronze, and ivory. — Room XL Bequest of Alexander Schmidt-Michelsen:
chiefly works by himself and by modern French artists.
Middle Floor. Room I. Sixteen Cartoons by Fr. Preller the Elder,
for his landscapes illustrative of the Odyssey at Weimar (p. 272). —
Room II. By the entrance, Franz Stuck, 287. 'Athlete. 288. Mounted Amazon
^statuettes) : opposite, 155. 147. Marble statues of Phidias by Schillina,
and of Raphael by Ho.hnel. To the left. 658. G. Koch, Cavalry episode
in the battle of Sedan ; to the right, 550. Uhde, ''Sufi"er little children to
come unto Me' : 725. Volkjimnn.YdiUey in the Eif el ; 728. Haug, Storming
of the Grimma gate at Leipzig on Oct.*19th, 1813; *849. Menzel, Gustavus
Adolphus and his wife at Hanau : 761. Sc7i07i?€5e?\ Venetian fishing-boats.
— Room IV. To the left, 199, 198. Ludwig Pichter, Landscapes; 528.
Schirind. Ride of Kuno von Falkeustein; 120. Jos. A. Koch, Ideal land-
scape: 270. Veit. Germania: 201. Pichter. Evening-scene: 4:14.. A. Pethel,
SS. Peter and John.
Room V (to the right). Xo. 224. Schrader, Frederick the Great after
the battle of Kolin; 726. Fr. Preller the Younger, Roman landscape;
Museum. LEIPZIGr. 34. Route. 241
520. Pohle, Ludwig Richter ; 698. Schleich, Chiemscc ; 220. Schirmer, Land-
scape ; 674. K. F. Lessing, Mountain-scene. — The Loggia, to the left,
contains portraits of Leipzig worthies. — In front is Room VI. To the
right, 856. Fritz Thaalow, The blue factory in Flanders ; above, 723. Max
Liehermann, On the Dunes; 709. Hans Thoma, Landscape; 83.3. Max
Klingcr, The blues ; Fatersou, After the flood ; 862. Leistikoiv, Park at
Friedrichsruh ; 769. W. Leibl, Expectation ; 846. Skarbina, Church at
Furnes in Flanders ; 864. Erler, Festival of St. John. — Room YII. To
the left, 699. Wcnglein, Autumn in the valley of the Isar ; 268. Vautier,
Peasants playing cards after church surprised by their wives ; above,
540. Griltzner, Convent library; 488. Defregger, Grace before meat;
584. Spitziveg, Maidens on the Aim ; H. Ziigel, Sheep ; 738. 31. Lieher-
mann, Making preserves; 473. Rosenthal, Seb. Bach's morning-prayer;
543. 0. Achenbach, Gulf of Naples by moonlight; 487. A. Achenbach,
Mills ; 537. Jos. Brandt, Departure for the chase ; 779. Otto Greiner,
Ulysses and the Sirens ; 702. J. E. Schindler, Valley of peace. — Room VIII.
*775. Bocklin, Spring hymn; 585. Gabr. Max, Madonna and Child; *563.
Bocklin, Island of the Dead; above, 754. A. Baclimann, The sea; 497. E.
von Gebhardt, In the days of the Reformation; 752. Franz Stuck, Portrait
of himself; 767. T/ioma, Wonders of the deep ; 750. Sega7itini, Portrait. — •
Room IX. 730. H. Neuhaus, Prodigal Son (triptych); 777. A. Kampf,
National devotion in 1813. — Room X. 764. Palmie, Tavern ; 614. H. Zugel,
Sheep. — Room XI. 713. Herkomer, Emigrants. — Room XII. Lenbach,
601. Emp. William I. (1886), 697. King Albert of Saxony, 600, 716. Prince
Bismarck (1887 & 1894), 715. Count Moltke, 735. Richard Wagner ; 710.
Leempoels, In the church ; *530. Feuerbach, Serenade by children ; 770. F. A.
Kaulbach, Max von Pettenkofer ; *278. Meunier, Burden-bearer (bronze).
Room XIII. 749. Keller -Reutling en. Twilight. — Room XIV. 696.
E. Zimmermann, Christus Consolator ; 731. Kurt Stoving, Max Klinger;
848. j¥e?mier. Women-miners. — Room XV. 714. Fii'le, Faith (triptych) ;
695. Compton, Pennine Alps.
Room XVI. 834. John Lavery, Venus. — Room XVII. Paintings by
Ve^'boeckhofen, Calame, and K. Fr. Lessing. — Room XVIII. Landscapes
by Rottmann and Koekkoek. — Room XIX. Paintings by H. Bilrkel, M.
Neher, and J. von Filhi'ich. — Room XX. Paintings of the 18th century.
37. Chodowiecki, Berlin Tiergarten ; 527. Kolbe, Goethe (1825); 407.
Tischbein, Schiller (1805). Portraits by Ant. Graff, including a portrait of
himself (1809). — Rooms XXI & XXII. Netherlandish Works of the 17th
century, including a portrait of himself by Rembrandt (347; sketch). —
Rooms XXIII & XXIV. Early German works. L. Cranach the Elder, 40.
Epitaph of Dr. Schmitburg (1518), 757. Nymph resting; 511. Ja7i vanEyck,
Portrait; 510. Schongauer, Madonna of the roses. — Rooms XXV-XVII.
Thieme Collection (Netherlandish works of the 17th cent.). — Room XVIII.
Gottschald Collection, chiefly Dutch works, including a portrait of an
old man by Rembrandt (ca. 1630). — Room XXIX. French works: 55.
Delaroche, Napoleon I. at Fontainebleau in 1814; 98. Gudln, Sea-piece. —
Room XXX. 241. Troyon, Cattle ; 275. Vej'boeckhoven, Sheep in a thunder-
storm ; Calame, *28. Landslide in the Hasli valley, *26. Oaks in a storm,
*25. Monte Rosa, *27. Psestum.
From either R. XVI or R. XXIV. we may ascend to the Upper Rooms,
containing the Collection of Engravings, presented by Dr. C. Lampe
(catalogue 1 JC).
The University Buildings (PI. D, 4; //), handsomely re-
stored in 1894-96, include the Augtisteum, on the W. side of the
Augustus-Platz, erected in 1831-36 from designs by Schinkel, and
also the Fridericianum., the Mauricianum, the Bornerianum^ etc.
In the court is a bronze statue of G. W. von Leibnitz (b. at Leipzig in
1646)j by Hahnel. The University, founded in 1409, is now attended
by over 4200 students.
16*
242 Boide 34. LEIPZIG. Market Place.
The spacious Waiting Hall of the Augusteum contains a monument to
students who fell in the war of 1870-71, a marble statue of king Frederick
Augustus of Saxony, by Seffner (1909). a number of busts of professors,
and two frescoes by Fr. Preller the Younger (Prometheus and the Castle
of TVettin). In the Aula are twelve reliefs by Rietschel. illustrative of the
development of civilization, and mural paintings by Klinger (1909), re-
presenting Homer (1.). Plato, and Aristotle (r.). — The Archaeological
Museum is open on Sun.. 11-1. during the session.
The adjacent Pauliner-Kirche (PL 10, D 4; //) was founded
in the 13th cent, and rebuilt in 1897-99. The church contains
a painted wooden figure of Margrave Diezmann of Meissen (assas-
sinated in St. Thomas's in 1307i and another of St. Dominic (early
15th cent.? I. — To the S.'W. of the Museum rises a Statue ofThaer,
the agriculturist 'd. 1828), by Rietschel (1850).
The- busy Grimmaische-Strasse (PL D, 4; //), which contains
several handsome old houses, particularly Xo. 30 fon the left, at
the corner of L"niversitats-Str. >, the Fiirstenhaus^ completed about
1558, leads from the Augustus-Platz to the market-place. The old
Geicandhaus (comp. p. 245) or Hall of the Foreign Cloth Merchants,
Universitats-Str. 16. well known for the famous concerts which took
place here from 1781 to 1884, was converted into the Stadtische
Kaufhaus <PL D, 4; 11) in 1896. On the first floor is the Muni-
cijyal Library (open 10-1 and 3-6, Mon. &: Thurs. 10-1), containing
123,000 vols, and 1500 MSS.
The Grimmaische-Str. next passes the Handelshof (PI. 7 a,
D 4; //), another municipal 'Kaufhaus' (^1909j, adjoining which
on the W. is the small Xaschmarkt, with the Old Exchange., erected
in 1678-82. and a bronze Statue of Goethe, by Seffner. represent-
ing the poet at the period of his student-days in Leipzig (1765-68).
Opposite, at Grimmaische-Str. 2, is Auerbach's Keller (p. 237),
celebrated as the scene of a part of Goethe's Faust, with curious
mural paintings of the 16th cent, (restored in 1863), representing
the tradition on which the play was based.
The centre of the old town is occupied by the quaint *Market
Place PL C, 4; II k whence radiate the Grimmaische-Str. on the
E.. the busy Peters- Str. on the S., the Thomasgasse on the W.,
and the Katharinen-Str. and Hain-Str. on the X. The square is
embellished with a War Monument, by Siemering, erected in
1888. This is surmounted by a Germania: in front of the pedestal
is a seated figure of Emp. AVilliam I., and at the corners are eques-
trian figures of Crown -Prince Frederick William, King Albert of
Saxony. Moltke. and Bismarck. — On the E. side of the market-
place rises the Old Rathaus (PL C, D, 4, //; comp. p. 243),
built by Hieronymus Lotter in 1556 and practically rebuilt in 1907.
It will contain a Municipal Museum.
The X. part of the old town is intersected by the wide Bruhl
PL D, 4; //), a great resort of the Jewish frequenters of the fairs,
I
New Rathaus. LEIPZIG. 34. Route. 243
and containing the offices of many wholesale fur-dealers, which
runs from the Groethe-Str., on the E., to the Theater-Platz (see
below), on the W. Richard Wagner (1813-83), the composer, was
born at No. 3 in this street (rebuilt), near the W. end. — On the
Promenade to the N of the old town are the Permanent Ex-
hibition of Machinery and Furniture (PI. 6, D 4, //; adm. daily,
10 pf.), the Exchange (PI. D, 3; //), a handsome building of
1884-86, the Reformed Church (PL 11, C 3; //), built in 1896-99,
and a fountain by linger (1903).
At the W. end of the Briihl is the Theater-Platz, in which stands
the Old Theatre (PL C, 3; //), built about 1770, near which is a
monument to Hahnemann (d. 1843), the homoeopathist.
A small monument at the end of the Ranstadter Steinweg (PL C, 3 ; //)
commemorates the premature blowing up of the bridge by the French on
19th Oct., 1813, which proved so fatal to their rear-guard. The spot
where Prince Poniatowski was drowned in the Elster on that occasion is
indicated by a monument with the Polish eagle (PL C 4, JI; Lcssing-Str.).
Following the Promenade to the S. from Hahnemann's monu-
ment, we pass on the left the Church of St. Matthew (PL 8,04; //),
built in 1494-1504 (restored 1879), and beyond it, also to the left,
the Church of St. Thomas (PL 0, 4; //), with its lofty and con-
spicuous roof, consecrated in 1496 (restored 1885-89). Motett, sung
by the boys of the Thomas-Schule, of which J. S. Bach was 'cantor'
in 1723-50, see p. 238. In the square on the S. side of the church
is a Statue of Bachj by Seifner (1908).
To the W. of St. Thomas's Church are the Central Theatre
(PL 0 4, II; see p. 238) and the Kunstlerhaus (PL 15, 0 4, II;
restaurant). — In the Schul-Str. is the Commercial Academy
('Handels-Hochschule' ; PL 7, 0 4, //), founded in 1898.
The S.W. corner of the inner town is now occupied by the
*!N'e"W Rathaus (PL 0, 4; //), an imposing structure in the Ger-
man Renaissance style, erected in 1899-1905 from Licht's designs,
on the site of the Pleissenhurg , formerly the citadel, the tower
(view; elevator) of which has been partially retained and recon-
structed. The plastic decoration is by Georg Wrba and others.
Visitors are admitted on week-days 1-3.30 and on Sun. 9.30-1
(1-6 pers. 1^2 ^/ tickets obtained in the Rathauswache, on the W.
side). Opposite the entrance to the Ratskeller (see p. 237), at the
N.E. corner, rises a fountain by Wrba.
To the W., on the other side of the Pleisse, is the Roman
Catholic Church of the Trinity (PL C, 4; //), beyond which we
may cross the N. end of the Johanna Park (PL C, 4) to the Anglo-
American Church (PL 4, B 4, I; see p. 239). The Karl-Tauchnitz-
Strasse, a street with handsome residences, skirts the Johanna Park
and leads to the S. to the Racecourse (p. 246), passing (near its
intersection with the Beethoven-Str. ; PL B, 5, 6) a bronze Statue
of Bismarck, by Lehnert and Magr (1897).
244 ^oute 34. LEIPZIG-. Imperial Courts.
The Koxigs-Platz (PL C, 4, 5; //; lias a poor marble Statue
of King Frederick Augustus I, by Oeser.
The S. side of this square is occupied by the *Grassi Museum
CPl. C. 5: //), containing Ethnographical said Art- Indust^^ial Col-
lections. Open free daily, except Mon., 10-3 (Sun. and holidays,
10.30-3). The building was erected in 1893-96 by H. Licht, from
a bequest by Herr F. D. Grassi kL 1880).
The centre of the front building is occupied by the imposing stair-
case. — ART-IyDusTRiAL MusEUM. To the right, on the groundfloor, are the
collection of pottery, a rich collection of wrought iron-work, medallions,
and plaquettes. On the first floor are collections of fayence and glass ;
works of the Italian Renaissance: ecclesiastical objects; the extensive
collection of textiles: the valuables belonging to the city of Leipzig;
works in tin: and works in wood and ivory, including a' collection of
furniture, ending in a handsome Renaissance room from the castle of
Flims in the Grisons. — The *Eth^oCxRaphical Museum is the richest
collection of the kind in Germany next to that in Berlin. The African
bronzes from Benin (staircase) should be noted. — On the second floor is
a Geographical Museum.
To the E. of the Konigs-Platz is the Ross-Platz (PL D, 4; //),
with a fountain by W. Stein (1906j.
The *Iinperial Supreme Courts (Beichsgerichts-Gehdude;
PL C 5. // .. to the W. of the Konigs-Platz, built in 1888-95 from the
plans of Ludicig Hoffmann, form a worthy pendant to the Hall of
the Imperial Diet at Berlin ip. 21 >. both in skilful arrangement and
in imposing architecture, though the limited sum fabout 350,000/.)
set apart for the building has prevented alike the use of costly
materials and a lavish employment of sculptured ornament. The
central edifice is crowned by a conspicuous copper-sheathed dome,
224 ft. in height, upon which stands a bronze figure of Truth, by
0. Lessing, 18 ft. high. The E. side, with an imposing portico of
six Corinthian pillars, contains the principal court -room; the X.
winof contains the librarv; the ^. wino^ accommodates the six courts
of law or senate-rooms; and the S. wing is devoted to the dwelling
and reception rooms of the President of the Court.
The sittings of the imperial courts are open to the public. Visitors
who desire to inspect the building should apply for cards of admission
at the office (-Kanzlei-Direktion'j between 3 and 5 p.m. on Wed. & Sat.
or from the castellan 'fee . "We pass through the handsome wrought-iron
gates on the E. side and enter the main vestibule, beyond which are the
great ^Waiting Room and the staircase. This imposing room (109 ft.
long. 75 ft. broad, and 76 ft. high) is adorned with sculpture referring
to the condemning and the acquitting powers of justice, while the stained
glass in the semicircular windows illustrates the entire sphere of German
legislation, — The Court Rooms are plainly fitted up with oak panelling
of different patterns : but the Large Hall r'for the meeting of the united
'Senates' or judicial benches) is more elaborately adorned. — The corridors
leading to the rooms of the judges are shut off from the central building
by artistic iron gates.
To the W. of the Imperial Courts is the University Library
(PL C, 5; //j, completed in 1891. containing 550.000 vols, and
6000 MSS. ("open daily 9-1 and. Sat. excepted. 3-5;. On the staircase
Booksellers' Exchange. LEIPZIGr. 34. Route. 245
are scenes from the Odyssey by Fr. Preller (1834). — Opposite
is the Gewandhaus (PI. C, 5, //; comp. pp. 238, 242), designed
by Gropius & Schmieden (1884). The sculptures in the pediment,
by Schilling^ represent Apollo and the Shepherds. In front of the
Gewandhaus, to the E., is a monument, by Werner Stein, to Felix
Mendelssokn Barfholdy (1809-184:1)^ conductor of the Gewandhaus
Concerts (p. 242) in 1835-1841, 1842, and 1846-47. - To the N. of
the University Library is the Royal Academy of the Graphic Arts
and to the W. is the Royal Conservator ium of Music (PL C, 5 ; //),
one of the most famous in Europe.
To the W. is the important industrial suburb oi Flagwitz (tram-
way, p. 238), in which is the *Palnien-Garten (PL A 4, /; see
p. 238), with a palm-house, a large concert-hall, and pretty grounds.
The Church of St. John (PL D, 4; //), 1/4 M. to the E. of the
Augustus-Platz, was rebuilt in 1894-97 in the style of the original
church (17th cent.). The remains of Johann Sebastian Bach (p. 243)
and of the poet Gellert (d. 1769), who was a professor of the uni-
versity of Leipzig, are interred here. A chapel to the right of the
choir contains a carved altar of the 16th century. In front of the
W. portal stands the Reformation Monument, with bronze statues
of Luther and Melanchthon by Schilling (1883).
In the Hospital-Strasse, running to the S. past St. John's Cem-
etery, rises the Buchhandlerhaus (Booksellers^ Exchange;
PL 2, E, 4, 5, /; comp. p. 239), an imposing edifice in the German
Renaissance style. Besides a large hall, it contains the archives
and library of the Society of German Booksellers and a restaurant.
— Behind it, to the N., is the handsome Buchgewerbehaus
(Book Industries^ House; PL 1, E 4, /; adm. free on week-days 9-6,
Sun. 11-4), containing the Gutenherghalle, a large and splendidly
decorated hall, with paintings by Sascha Schneider, a statue of
Gutenberg, and busts of Konig, the inventor of the power-printing-
press (d. 1833), and Senefelder, the inventor of lithography (d. 1834).
It also accommodates the interesting Museum of the Book Trade.
The nucleus of the Museum of the Book Trade was formed by
the valuable Klemm Collection of specimens of early printing, acquired
by the Saxon government in 1886. Among these is a series of specimens
from the 18 towns that possessed printing-presses before the year 1471,
arranged in clironological order, comprising works by Gutenberg (the famous
42-line Bible, Mayence, 1450-55), Fust, and Schoffer. In connection with
these is another rich collection illustrating the technical processes in the
E reduction of books (printing, wood-cutting, engraving, lithography, book-
inding, etc.) by means of models and proofs.
Environs of Leipzig. The ""Rosental (PL A-C, 2, 3; /),
with its pleasant meadows and fine woods, is embellished with a
marble statue of Gellert and with busts of the composer Zollner
(d. 1860) and the philosopher G. T. Fechner (1801-87). Near the
entrance are the Bonorand Restaurant (p. 238) and the Zoological
Garden (p. 238). — To the N. of the Rosental lies Gohlis, with
246 Boide 84. LEIPZIG. . Environs.
the Schiller House (PL 5, C 2, 7; Mencke-Str. 42 : adm. 50 pf.), with
an inscription recording that Schiller there composed his 'Ode to
Joy'. — Farther to the X. lies Mockern ip. 253), with barracks. To
the E. is Eutritzsch, where 'Gose' (p. 237), may be tasted at the
Gosenschenke, in the market-place (PL D, 1 ; /).
To the S.AV. of Leipzig, skirting the Pleisse, stretch the ex-
tensive Connewitz Woods, traversed by pretty drives and walks.
Conneicitz (Wald-Cafe; PL C 8, /) may be reached from the Ger-
maniabad (p. 238 : PL B 6, /), by a pleasant footpath on the right bank
of the Pleisse in 3; 4 hr. Another ronte leads from the King Alhert
Park (PL B, 5; 7) through the 'Scheibenholz' and past the Race-
course (PL B,C, 6, 7; restaurant '. turns to the left beyond the bridge,
reaches the (25 niin.) Linie (PL B, 7; I), and follows this to (^'4 hr.)
the Wald-Cafe. The return may be made by tramway ('p. 238).
The Battle of Leipzig, which lasted four* days, 16-19th Oct., 1813,
is the most prolonged and sanguinary on record. It was conducted on
both sides by some of the greatest generals of modern times. Xapoleou's
forces numbered 140-150.000 men. of whom 90.000 survivors only began the
retreat to the Rhine on 19th Oct. ; the allied troops were 300,000 strong.
The Russians lost 21.000 men. the Austrians 14.000. the Prussians 16.000.
The entire number of cannon brought into the field is estimated at 2000. —
The scene of the engagement of the decisive 18th Oct. is perhaps best
viewed from the Xapoleonstein (PL F, 7 ; /), situated on a height planted
with trees, whence the progress of the battle was watched by Napoleon.
A large battle-monument, by Bruno Schmitz . is being erected in the
neighbourhood. The neighbouring Gasthaus zum Xapoleonstein contains
an extensive and interesting collection of reminiscences of the battle and
other relics of the period (adm. 50 pf.). The village of Probstheida.
3 4 M. to the S.E.. was the centre of the French position. Xear the Par^'
Meusdorf (inn). IVo M. farther on, a monument commemorates Prince
Schwarzenberg. the general of the allied forces (d. 1820;. On the Monarchen-
Hugel. a hill by the roadside, 1/4 ^- farther on. rises an iron Obelisk on
the spot, where, according to an erroneous tradition, the three monarchs
(Russia. Austria. Prussia) received the tidings of the victory on the even-
in? of 18th October.
35. Prom Berlin to (Halle and) Leipzig.
Express Traix to (100 M.; Halle in 2-23/^ hrs., to (107 M.) Leipzig
(Bavarian Station) in 2^U-2^;^ hrs. (fares 15^^ 10, 9 tJ( 80, 6 ^^ 10 pf.).
From Berlin to (39i . M.) Jilterhog , see R. 28b. — 43 M.
Xiedergorsdorf, 1^ o M. to the X.AV. of which is a monument com-
memorating the battle of Dennewitz (see p. 174).
151/2 M. "Wittenberg. — Hotels. "^Kaiserliof {V\. aj D, 2), with
garden, well spoken of: Goldcne Weintrauhe (PI. b; B, 2). R. 21/4-5, D.
2 .^; Adler (PI. c; C, 2;. R. lV..-2i;4. D. li ., .41. —Restaurants. Railicay
Besiaurant: i?«»re.' Schloss-Str. 33 (PL B. 2. 3 : wine); Luther-Halle,
Burgermeister-Str. 21 (PL B. 1. 2) : Cafe Mai'lctscJiloss, in the market-place.
"The Bailicay Station is 1/2 ^- ^^^'^ the town; tramway to the market-
place (10 pf.). About 2i;2-3 iirs. suffice for a visit to the town.
Wittenberg (240 ft.), on the Elbe, with 20,300 inhab., a fort-
ress down to 1873. and one of the cradles of the Reformation, is
WITTENBERa. 35. Route. 247
mentioned in a document of 1180 and was a residence of the Dukes
and Electors of Saxony from 1212 to 1422. Some of the Wettin
princes also resided here in the 16th century.
Following the tramway-line from the Railway Station (PL E,
F, 1), we observe on the right, outside the Elster-Tor, an oak sur-
rounded by a small garden (PI. D, E, 2), whicli is said to mark the
spot where Luther burned the papal bull on 10th Dec, 1520.
We next enter the KoUegien-Strasse, on the left side of which
(No. 54) rises the Augasteum, erected in 1564-83, and now a theo-
logical seminary. The court contains Luther^s House (PL D, 2),
being part of the old Augustine monastery, where 'Brother Augustine'
took up his residence in 1508, when summoned from Erfurt to
occupy the chair of philosophy at the university of Wittenberg. At
a later period also the house was occupied by the great Reformer,
and it was presented to him by the Elector in 1526. It passed to
the university in 1564 and fell into a state of great dilapidation,
from which it was restored in 1840. The portal to the right of the
tower dates from 1540. The first floor is fitted up as a ^Liithei'-
Halle% or Liither Museum (adm. 1-2 pers. 50 pf., 3-6 pers. 1 o#).
The Vestibule contains a Crucifixion by Ormiach the Younger and
other pictures. In the cabinet is Luther's drinking-goblet (broken). —
In Luther's Room are Luther's table, bench, and stove of coloured tiles. —
Room 3 is adorned with modern paintings. — The Corner Room contains
the remains of Luther's pulpit from the Stadt-Kirche, and portraits of
*Luther (1526), Luther and Catharine (1528), ^Magdalen Luther, and *Bugen-
hagen (1537), by Cranach the Elder. The 'Vineyard of the Lord', with alle-
gorical allusions and portraits of the Reformers, is by Crayiach the Younger
(1509). In the glass-case are old translations of the Bible. — Room 5
contains a cartoon by Konig, representing Luther at his translation of
the Bible, wood-cuts, engravings, and paintings, including the Ten Com-
mandments by Cranach the Elder. In the glass-cases are medals, auto-
graphs, Luther's betrothal-ring, and printed books and pamphlets. —
Room 6. Model of the Luther Monument in Worms (by RietschelJ. First
editions of works by Luther and his friends and foes. Documents. —
The Aula, or lecture-room of Luther, contains an old 'Cathedra', with
the arms of the four faculties of Wittenberg university, and portraits of
Luther, Melanchthon, and the Electors of Saxony.
In the same street, a little farther on, is Melanchthon'' s House
(PI. 5; No. 60; tablet); the room in which the reformer died is on
the first floor. In the garden is a stone table with an inscription of
1551. — The adjacent Infantry Barracks were once occupied by
the famous University founded by Elector Frederick the Wise in
1502, of which Luther (1508), Melanchthon (1518), Bugenhagen,
and other celebrities were members.
In the Market Place (PL B, 2), is the 16th cent. Bathaus (re-
stored in 1768), containing the municipal archives; in front, under
Gothic canopies, rise bronze statues of Luther ^ by Schadow (1821),
and Melanchthon, by Drake (1865).
To the E. of the ^narket- place is the Stadt-Kirche (PL C, 2),
dating from the 14th cent., but afterwards much altered, in which
248 I^oute 35. WITTEXBERa.
Luther frequently preached; and here in 1522 the Holy Communion
was for the first time administered in both kinds (sacristan, in the
Superintendentur. see below; 1-2 pers. 50 pf., 3-5 pers. 1 ^).
The high-altar-piece is from the studio of Lucas Cranach the Elder.,
representing the Holy Eucharist, with Baptism and Confession at the sides,
and portraits of the Reformers Melanchthon and Bugenhagen ; below is
Luther preaching. To the left of the altar are a Nativity and Crucifixion
by Cranach the Younger. The paintings on the back of the altar are
by Cranach the Elder. On the right wall is the fine marble epitaph of
the Younger Cranach ,'d. 1586\ by Seb. Walther (early 17th cent.)- The Font
was cast by Hermann Vischer of Nuremberg in 1457. — In the sacristy,
to the left of the chancel, is the Conversion of St. Paul, the last work
of Cranach the Younger.
The Corjms Christi Chapel (PL 4; C, 2), to the S. of the Stadt-
Kirche, dates from the 14th century. — A bust of Bugenhagen has
been erected in front of the Superintendentur (PL C, 2), where he
died in 1558.
Xo. 1, Schloss-Strasse, the continuation of the Kollegien-Str.,
is the dwelling-house of Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553),
the painter, who was once burgomaster of Wittenberg: it has been
frequently restored. In the court is an old staircase-turret. — The
Schloss-Strasse leads to the old Electoral Palace^ built in 1490-99.
It has been burned down several times, and is now used as barracks.
The Schloss-Kirche (PL A, B, 3), erected in 1493-99, seriously
injured by the bombardment of 1760, and again in 1813-14, was
restored in 1885-92 ^sacristan. Schloss-Str. 12). The tower on the
W. side is 289 ft. in height; below the gallery, in huge letters,
are the first words of 'Eine feste Burg'.
The wooden doors (X. side) to which Luther affixed his famous 95 Theses
were burned in 1760. and replaced in 1858 by Metal Doors ('Thesen-Tiir''),
10 ft. in height, bearing the original Latin text of the theses.
I:^TERioR. The heroes of the Reformation are commemorated by
modern statues, medallions, and coats-of-arms. To the right of the entrance
is a brass below which 27 members of the Ascanian dj-nastj' are buried.
On the S. wall are the brasses of Elector Rudolf II. (d. 1350), his wife,
and his daughter. In front of the pulpit are brazen slabs with Latin
inscriptions which mark the graves of Luther (d, at Eisleben, 1546) and
Melanchthon (d. at Wittenberg. 1560). To the right of Luther's grave is
the brass of Henning Groden. with a coronation of the Virgin, by Peter
Yischer. 1521 Treplica at Erfurt, see p. 266). To the left of the altar,
on the X. wall of the choir, is the brazen memorial of Elector Frederick
the Wise (d. 1525). by Peter Yischer the Younger, cast at Nuremberg in
1527. and to the right is that of John the Constant (d. 1532), by Hans
Yischer ;i534;. The portraits of the Reformers, in the Sacristy, are by
Lucas Cranach the Younger (1354).
In front of the Schloss-Kirche is a bronze Statue of Emp.
Frederick III., by Arnold .1894..
FromWittenbergto RossJau ami Kohlfurf, see -p. 253 : to Torgau{ip. 253),
28 M.. in about 2V4"hrs.
The train crosses the Elbe and aftords us a retrospect of Witten-
berg. — 72 M. Grafenhmnichen, the birthplace of Paul Gerhardt
<'1607-76\ the hymn-writer. — 75 M. Burgkemnitz., with a hand-
COTHEN. 56\ Route. 249
some chateau. We cross the Midde. — 82 M. Bitterfeld (Kaiser-
hof)^ with 13,300 inhab., and manufactories of earthenware piping,
the junction for (100 M.) Halle (p. 250) and Dessau (p. 254).
At (89 M.) Delitzsch the Leipzig train passes under the Halle,
Cottbus, and Guben railway (see p. 252). — 101 M. Leipzig (Bei-lin
Station) and (107 M.) Leipzig (Bavarian Station)^ see p. 237.
36. From Hamburg to Leipzig
via Magdeburg.
There are two lines of railway from Hamburg to Magdeburg, and
also two from Magdeburg to Leipzig, so that this journey may be accom-
plished in four different ways. The most direct route, on which through-
carriages are always provided, is via Uelzen, Stendal, Magdeburg, and
Halle (see below).
a. Via Magdeburg, Cothen, and Halle.
2291/2 M. Railway in 6-91/2 hrs. (express-fares 30 JC 50, 19 JC GO, 12 JC
60 pf. ; ordinary fares 28 c^ 50, 17 ^ 60, 11 JC 60 pf .).
From Hamburg to (53 M.) Uelzen, see R. 17. The line to Stendal
and Magdeburg here diverges from that to Hanover. The country
traversed is flat and uninteresting. 84 M. Salzwedel, see p. 40.
Unimportant stations. llO^/g ^- Stendal (junction for Berlin,
see p. 39). Farther on the train runs along the bank of the Elbe
to (156 M.) Magdeburg (p. 49).
Another route from Hamburg to Magdeburg is by the line to the N.
of the Elbe via Wittenberge, which is 13 M. longer (to Leipzig 2421/2 M.,
in 6-8 hrs.; same fares as above). From Hamburg to (99 M.) Wittenbe'rge,
see R. 24. The Elbe is then crossed, and a fiat district traversed. At
(130 M.) Stendal the line unites with that above described.
158 M. Magehurg - Buckau (p. 53). — 1651/2 ^- Schonebeck
(Hotel Landhaus), a manufacturing place (17,800 inhab.).
Schonebeck is the point of divergence of the line from Magdeburg
TO GiJSTEN (271/2 M., in 3/^-11/4 hr.).— H M. (l^/^M. from Schonebeck) Elmen-
Salze (Kurhaus ; Voigt), with saline baths. — 23 M. Stassfurt {Steinkopff',
R. 2-4, D. 2-3 JC), with very extensive deposits of potassic and magnesium
salt, underlain by mines of rock-salt (best visited in afternoon, after
application the previous day). A branch-line runs to Blumenherg on the
Magdeburg and Oschersleben line (p. 311). — At (271/2 M.) Glisten the line
joins the Berlin and Cassel railway (R. 47).
168^ 2^^- Gnadau, a Moravian settlement (460 inhab.); 173 M.
Grizehne, station for Calhe an der Saale (p. 303), 2 M. to the W.
1681/^ M. Cothen (265 ft.; Rumpfs, R. 2-21/2 ^; Kaiser-
hof, R. 13^/4, D. 13 ^ ^/i; Rail. Restaurant), with 23,000 inhab., the
former capital of the duchy of Anhalt-COthen, contains a technical
institute and several sugar and chemical works. In the market-
place are the Rathaus (1900) and the Gothic Church of St. James
(15th cent.). Naumann's Ornithological Collection in the Schloss
(16th cent.) deserves mention.
250 ^-oute 36. HALLE. From Hamhurg
From Cothex to Ascherslebex. 27i ., M., railway in 11/4 hr. — 121/2 M.
Bernburg 'Goldene Kugel : Kaiserhof, R. from 3V2,'D. li/V^.^; Leistner,
R. 13^-214.^. a pleasant town with 35.000 inhab., a late-Gothic church,
and a fine old Schloss (14-18th cent.). From (20 M.) Glisten a branch-line
runs to Stassfurt (p. 249). — 271/0 M. Aschersleben (p. 310).
From Cothen to Dessau, see p. 257.
To the right rises the Petersherg (p. 252).
209 M. Halle. — Hotels. Xear the Station: *Grand-H6teI Berges
(PI. a; F. 7}; Goldene Kugel (PL b; F, 7). R. 21/4-5. B. 1, D. 13/^.21/2^,
good: Continental (PI. c: F, 7) : Preussischer Hof (PL e; F, 7). R. 2-5^
B. 1. D. lV.>-3 JC; Europa (PL d ; F. 7). — In the Town : ^Stcudt Hamburg
(PL f : D. E. 5;. R. 2i/o-5, B. I1/4. D. 3 .^; Goldener Ring (PL h: D. 6),
R. 21/4^; Tulpe (PL i : b, 5) : 3Ietropole (PL k ; E. 5) : Botes Boss. Leipziger-
Str. 76 vPL D. E. 6. 7), R. 13 ^-2 ^S. unpretending. — Bens- Zeyss, Magde-
burger-Str. 25 (PL E. F, 5, 6). pens. 3-4^.
Restaurants. Wine. Griin, Rathaus-Str. 7. D. (1-3 p.m.) I1/2-3. S. 2 ..^ ;
Broskousky, Grosse-Ulrich-Str. 33, D. 2 Jl^. — Beer. Beichshof, Alte
Promenade 6. D. 1 ^4C : Tulpe. see above: Theatre Bestaurant & Cafe;
BatskelUr (p. 251), D. I1/4 JC: Pilsener rrqtteU. Barfusser-Str. 20. —
Automatic Bestaurant. cor. of the Leipziger-Str. and Konig-Str. (PL E, 6, 7).
Cafes. Jlonopol. Alte Promenade 1 (PL D, 5); Bauer, Grosse Stein-
Str. 74. — Cosfectiojters. David, Geist-Str. 1; Bfautsch, Grosse-Stein-
Str. 7. — -Hallorenkuchen', a favourite kind of cake, may be bought at
Lauder's. Leipziger-Str. 102.
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL D. 5); Xeiu Theatre. Grosse-Ulrich-
Str. 3 (PL D. 5); Apollo ^Pl. 18: F, 7j, variety-theatre.
Baths. Weineck's (PL B. C. 6), in the Klaustor suburb; Flora-Bad,
Pulverweiden 2 TL A, B, 7): Park-Bad (PL 13: E, 6), Dorotheeu-Str. 17;
Firrsfental Baths (PL 7: C. 5).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL E, 5, 6), Grosse-Stein-Str. 72.
Taximeter Cabs. For 1-2 pers.. 800 metres 50, each 400 m. more lOpf. ;
for 3-4 pers., 600 m. & 300 m. : at night (11-8), 1-2 pers., 400 m. & 200 m.
Electric Tramways. From the Central Station (PL F, 7) to the
Hettstedt Station (beyond PL A. 6): through the town to Trotha : to the
BoUberc/er-Weg (PL B. 8): via the Leipziger-Str. (red cars) to the Leipzig
Tower (PL 11 : E. 6) and thence to the Zoological Garden (PL C, 1 : 15 pf .)
at Giebichensiein. or to Crolhcitz (PL B. 2). From the Steinweg (PL D. 7)
to the Mersehurger-Str. [Vl. F, 7, 8). — From the Biebeck-Platz (PL F, 7)
to Merseburg (p. 262), 9 M. in 3^ hr., 40 pf.
Chief Sights (3 hrs.). From the station by tramway to the market-
place (see below). Markt-Kirche. St. Maurice's (p. 251). Cathedral (p. 252),
Moritzburg (p. 252), Alte Promenade, and back to the station by the Post-
Str. Those who have time should visit the Giebiehenstein (p. 252; there
and back I1/2 hr. ; tramway, see above).
Halle (280 ft.j, an old town on the Saale, with 172,000 inhab.,
was an important place at a very early period in consequence of
its salt-works, and is now an industrial place of considerable conse-
quence, with manufactures of agricultural machinery, sugar, and
starch. Halle possesses a university of great repute, founded in
1694, with which that of Wittenberg was united in 1817; it was
long noted for its 'Pietistic' tendencies.
From the Baihvay Station (PI. F, 7j, the Leipziger-Str. leads
past the Leipzig Toicer (PL 11: E, 6), a relic of the old fortifica-
tions (rehuilt in 1573;, and the late-Gothic Church of St. Ulrich
(PI. D, 6) to the (20 min.) picturesque Market Place (PI. D, 6). in
the centre of the old town, on the X. side of which rises the llote
■S ^- V 't ^ - - v:
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to Leipzig. HALLE. 5^. Route. 251
Turm (PL 17), a clock-tower 276 ft. in height (1506), with a stone
statue of Roland (p. 104; an 18th cent, substitute for a 13th cent,
original). Adjacent are a War Monument for 1870-71 (PI. 5), in
the form of a fountain, and a bronze Statue of Hdndel (d. 1759;
PL 3), who was born here in 1685 (Nicolai-Str. 6), erected by sub-
scriptions from Germany and England. The great composer is re-
presented in the English court-dress; at the back of the music-desk
is St. Cecilia (a portrait of Jenny Lind). The Rathaas^ in the S.E.
corner of the square, was begun in the 14th cent.; the central part,
with a loggia, dates from 1558. To the left is the Weigh House
(Wage; 1581), with an interesting portal. — The S. side of the
market-place is occupied by the Ratskeller (PI. 15; restaurant),
erected in 1893 and containing the meeting-room of the town-council.
The Markt-Kirche, or Church of Our Lady (PL D, 6), erected
in 1529-54, with four towers of which the two to the E. are con-
nected by a bridge, bounds the market on the W. side. Inside
(sacristan in the clergy -house. An der Marienkirche 3) we may
notice the Renaissance decoration of the pulpit and galleries. The
former altar-piece, designed by Cranach, has been divided and
now hangs on each side of the altar. The so-called Bridegroom
Stalls date from 1595.
The finest church is that of St. Maurice (PL C, D, 6 ; sacristan.
No. 6 on the E. side) in the lower part of the town, near the 'Halle'
(salt-works), founded in the 12th cent.; elegant choir finished in
1511; fine carved wood-work over the altar, representing Christ
and Mary with saints; near it, ancient winged pictures of the end
of the 15th cent.; pulpit, with reliefs of 1592, resting on a pillar
representing Sin, Death, and Satan; stone sculptures of 1411-16.
This church is frequented by the workmen employed in the man-
ufacture of the salt, called 'Halloren', a distinct race, who still
wear their characteristic dress on great occasions.
The University (PI. D, 5), erected in 1834, is attended by about
2000 students. A little to the N. is a monument to Robert Franz
(1815-92), the composer, by Schaper (1903). — Adjacent are the
Archaeological Museum (PL 1; casts) and the Theatre, built in
1886. — At Friedrich-Str. 50 (PL D, 4, 5) is the Library of the
Academy of Natural History (60,000 vols.), open on Mon. & Thurs.,
4-6, and on Tues. & Frid., 3-6. A little farther to the N. is the
University Library (PL D, 4; 228,000 vols.), open 8-1 and 2-4
(Sat. 8-11, holidays 9-1). In the Wucherer-Str. is the Agricultural
Institute (PL E, 4), with a collection of domestic animals. — The
Medical Listitutes of the university are in the E. part of the town
(PL E, 5). — The adjacent Town Cemetery (PL E, 6) is surrounded
with singular Renaissance arcades, dating from 1558-65. — In the
Post-Str. is a Monument to Emp. William I. (PI. 4; E, 6), by
Bruno Schmitz; the figures are by Breuer (1901).
252 Boute 36. EILEXBURG. From Hamburg
Francke's Institutions (PL D,E, 7; entrance from the Francke-
Platz), on the S. side of the town, comprising an orphan -asylum,
schools, a printing-office, a bookshop, etc., were begun in 1698 by
the founder, whose sole means then consisted of a strong and simple
faith. The court of the asylum is adorned with a bronze Statue of
Francke (d. 1727;, by Ranch. — In the Aichamt (1st and 2nd floors),
in the Grosse Berlin 11. is the Museum of Industry and Art (PL 9;
entrance from the Grosse Brauhaus-Str.), open free on week-days,
11 -1 . and on Sun. and holidays, 11-2 (at other times 50 pf.).
The Cathedral (PL C, 5, 6; sacristan, Dom-Platz 3), conse-
crated in 1523, has its nave and aisles of equal height. It contains
interesting figures on the pillars, a pulpit of 1526. and votive tablets
with the arms of Card. Albrecht (1523: X. wall;. Adjacent is the
old Residence of the Archbishops of Magdeburg (1529), which now
contains the valuable collections of the Provincial Museum (Sun.,
Tues.. & Thurs., 11-1. free, Mon.. Frid. & Sat., 11-1, 50 pf., at other
times 1 ^l) and the Mineralogical Institute.
A little to the X. are the ruins of the late-Gothic Moritzhurg
(PL C, 5), built in 1484-1503, which are especially picturesque as
seen from the Burg-Briicke or from the pleasure-grounds beyond
the Xiihlgrabeu. . The S. side of the ruins is adjoined by the
Municipal Museum (open free on Sun., 11-2, & Wed., 11-1; at
other times 50 pf.), on the upper floor of which are two handsome
rooms fi'om the 'Tal-Amt' of the Halloren (p. 251; 1594).
A pleasant walk leads by the Kleine Wiese (PI. B, 5), the Ziegcl-
wiese. and the right bank 'of the Saale to (2 M.) Giebichenstein
(PL B. 1). a ruined castle commanding a fine view (entr. in the Seebener-
Str. ; tramway, see p. 250). Lewis "the Springer", Landgrave of Thuringia,
was imprisoned here in 1102. and. according to tradition, escaped by a
daring leap into the river. l)uke Ernest II. of Swabia, immortalized by
L'hland, was also a prisoner here for a considerable time. Opposite
(bridge; toll 3 pf.) is the village of Crollicitz (Bergschenke. with fine
view), with a colossal Statue of Bismarck, by Juckoff (1907). A little
higher up is the Peissnitz (restaurant), a favourite Sun. resort, while
below are the Saalschloss Breiccrij (PL C, 1), the Beilsbiirg Rest^nurant,
and the Zoological Garden (adm. 50 pf.). "Wittekind (PL C, D, 1 ;
Kurhaus, board 3^ 4. D. 1^4 ^#), a watering-place at Giebichenstein, is
much frequented in summer (concerts). — The Kolkturm, on an eminence
in the Dolauer Heide. about 3 M. beyond Crollwitz, commands a wide
panorama. — The Petersberg (790 ft'.), a basaltic summit to the X. of
Halle, is reached by railway to (91/2 ^0 Walhcitz, and thence on foot
via Trcbitz (1 hr.). At the top are a Romanesque abbey-church of the
12th cent, (restored in 1857). with tombs of the Wettin dynasty, and a
view-tower (extensive panorama). Wettin (p. 310) lies 51/2 ^1- to the W.
of Wallwitz (light railway in V2 hr.).
From Halle to Aschersleben, see R. 49.
From Halle to Cottbus (Sorau) a^d Gubex, 132 M.. railway in
31/2-6 hrs. — 17 M. Delitzsch (pop. 10.900). junction for Berlin and Leipzig
(p. 249). — 31 M. Eilenburg ^Hirscli; Adlerj, a busy industrial town
with 15.700 inhab.. where the Mulde is crossed, the junction for a line
to (15 M.) Leipzig via Taucha.
48 M. Torgau ^Goldener Anker: Goldenes Schiff: Bail. Restaurant),
a fortified town on the Elbe, which is crossed here by two bridges, with
to Leipzig. ZERBST. •'^^- Route. 253
12,300 [inliab., is frequently mentioned in the liihtory of the Reformation.
In 1760 Frederick the Great defeated the Austrians here, and in 1813
the town, defended by the French, was taken by Tauentzien. *Schlo88
Hartenfels, one of the largest Renaissance buildings in Germany (1533-44
and 1616-23), was formerly a residence of the p]lectors of Saxony. The
half-Gothic palace-chapel was consecrated by Luther (1544) ; the staircase
and the bay window in the court-yard, as well as the other in the E. wing
of the palace, and the plastic decorations arc all worth noticing (keeper
in the gymnasium, on the S. Promenade). The late-Gothic Church of
St. Mary contains the tomb of Catharine von Bora (d. 1552), Luther's
wife, and a painting by Cranach the Elder (sacristan, Pfarr-Str. 562).
The Rathaus, with three high gables, dates from 1567. — Graditz,
2V2 M. from Torgau , has acquired some renown for its breed of horses
(royal stud). — Brancli-line to Wittenberg, see p. 248.
60 M. Falkenberg, the junction of the Kohlfurt-Rosslau (p. 219)
and the Berlin- Jiiterbog -Dresden lines (R. 28 b); 80 M. Finsterwalde
(11,700 inhab.); 93 M. Calau , the junction of the Lubbenau-Arnsdorf
line (p. 400).
108 M. Cottbus (p. 382), where the train crosses the Berlin and
Gorlitz line. The line to (36 M.) Sorau (p. 373) diverges here.
116 M. Peitz. — 132 M. Guben, see p. 373.
The Leipzig train enters Saxony near (221 M.) Schlceuditz,
passes Mockerriy where a bloody battle between the French and
Prussians was fought on 16th Oct., 1813, and reaches (229^2 ^0
Leipzig (see p. 237).
b. Via Mageburg, Zerbst, and Bitterfeld.
Distance and fares the same as in Route a, the line from Magdeburg
to Leipzig via Zerbst being about the same length as that via Halle.
From Hamburg to (156 M.) Magdeburg ^ see p. 249. Beyond
(158^/2 M.) Magdehiirg-Neustadt (p. 54) the train crosses the Elbe.
At (161 M.) Biederitz is the junction of the Berlin line (R. 5). At
(177 M.) GuterglUck the line intersects the Berlin and Cassel rail-
way (R. 47).
182 M. Zerbst (220 ft.; Goldener Lowe, well spoken of; An-
halt, R. IV4-2, D. 1^4 ^^; Railway Hotel, R. 1^4-2 V4, D. IV4 -//;
Mail. Restaurant)., an old town with 18,100 inhab., once the seat
of the Princes of Anhalt- Zerbst, who became extinct in 1797, is
still surrounded by walls, towers, and moats. The large iSchloss
dates from 1681-1750. The market-place, with its handsome gabled
houses, is adorned with a Roland Column of 1445 and a female
figure on a slender column, called the Butter - Jung fer, the signi-
ficance of which is doubtful. The Rathaus, with two handsome
gables of 1479-81 but disfigured by additions in 1610, was restored
in 1892. It contains a Museum (Tues. & Frid., 9-12), with letters*
of Luther and Melanchthon, and other relics. The handsome
Church of St. Nicholas, built in 1432-94, was restored in 1827.
The Gymnasium is established in an old Franciscan monastery
on the ramparts, founded in 1250, and possessing fine cloisters.
St. Bartholomew's Church has a detached belfry (12th cent.).
254 P^oide 36. DESSAU. From Hamburg
190 M. Rosslau, terminus of the Kohlfurt and Rosslau railway
(p. 373'. Our line crosses the Elbe and the Mulde. — 192 M.
Wall icitzha fen. a busy little river-port.
194 M. Dessau. — Hotels. *Gold)ier Beutel (PI. a; C, 4), Stein-
Str. 3, R. 2-5. B. 1. D. 2-3 JC: Goldnes Schiff (PI. b; C. 4), Zerbster-
Str. 50, R. 2-21.,. d. 2 .S: KaUerhof fPl. c: B, 3). Kaiser-Str. 17,
R. 11/2-3. D. 11/2^, these nvo .ffood : ^Baihcay Hotel (PI. d; B. 3),
Kaiser-Platz 2. R. 2-5. D. li/g-S JC.
Cab. for 1 pers. 50. 2 pers. 60. 3 pers. 80 pf.. 4 pers. 1 JC: double
fares at night (10-7): each trunk 25 pf. — Outside the town: 1 hr. l-^'^,
21/2, 2i;2, 23/^ JC. — Electric TRAiiwAYS from the station through the
chief streets. — Post & Telegraph Office (PI. C, 3), Kavalier-Str.
Dessau (200 ft.\ the capital of the Duchy of Anhalt and the
residence of the Duke, with 55,500 inhab., lies on the left bank of
the Mulde, 2 M. from its confluence with the Elbe. The Dessau
art collections are of considerable value and deserve to be better
known: but they are unfortunately distributed among several dif-
ferent places, in or near Dessau.
In the grounds adjoining the Railway Station (PL B, 2) are
monuments to Moses Mendelssohn (b. at Dessau 1729, d. 1786;
PL 6), by Hoffmeister (1890), and to Fr. Schneider, the musical
composer (d. 1853: PL 81, by Schubert. Farther on, in the Kaiser-
Platz. is a bronze Statue of Emp. William I. (PL 2), by Tondeur
(1892 1. The Kaiser-Strasse ends at the Friedrich-Strasse, opposite
the Behordenhaus, or government offices (PL B, 4: library, with
drawings by Dtirer. Holbein, etc., open 9-1 and 3-5). Following
the Friedrich-Str. to the left, we reach the Kavalier-Str., which is
adjoined by the Xeumarkt (PL C, 3), containing the Church of
St. John il690-1702), a fountain, and a Statue of Duke Leopold
Frederick Francis (PL 4; 1758-1817), by Kiss. Opposite St. John's
is the Ducal Library (80.000 vols.; open TTed. k Sat. 10-12. 3-4).
In the Kavalier-Str. (V\. C. 4) are the Georgs-Palais (1824i,
the present Palace of the Duke, and the Theatre (performances in
winter). In front of the Gymnasium (right; is a monument to
Wilhelm Midler (PL 7), author of the 'Grriechenlieder' (b. at Dessau
1794. d. 1827t. At the end of the street, to the left, is the Anhalt-
ische Kunsthalle (open daily, 11-4: 50pf.\ containing the muni-
cipal art-collections. — The Askanische-Str. and Stein-Str. lead
hence to the Grosse Markt (PL C, D, 4), in which rises a Statue
of Prince Leopold, the 'Old Dessauer' (PL 3), modelled by Kiss
(I86O1 on that by Schadow in the ^ilhelm-Platz at Berlin.
The Old Ducal Palace (PL C, D, 4) is situated on the bank of
the Mulde. The main building and the staircase were erected in
1872-74, and the E. wing was rebuilt in 1784-51, but the fine W.
wing dates from 1530-49.
The INTERIOR (shown by the castellan in the absence of the family)
contains several hundred pictures. The so-called *Old German Rooms,
a suite on the groundfloor, are fitted up in the taste of the 16th century.
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to Leipzig. DESSAU. 36. Route. 255
The pictures by Filippino Lippi, Borgognone, Girol. da Santa Croce,
Perugino, Garafalo, and other Italian masters, are of no great importance.
A number of the Netherlandish pictures, however, are excellent (Asselyn,
Jan Steen, J. van Ruysdael, Wynants , Netscher, Adr. van de Velde,
Rubens, Van Dyck, and Lairesse). The collection includes several good
modern works by Lessing, Triebel, Inner, Gude, Richter, etc., and a few-
pieces of sculpture. — There are also a number of precious objects, anti-
quities, coins, and relics, including the sword and stick of Prince Leopold
(p. 254), and Napoleon's silver goblet and his plate captured at Waterloo.
Opposite the palace, on the right bank of the Mulde, is the
Tiergarten (PI. D, 5). On the N. side of the palace lies the Lust-
garten^ with an equestrian statue of Duke Frederick I. (d. 1904),
by Manzel. Adjacent are an Orangery., a Riding School (with
reliefs by Doll), and the Ducal Stables.
To the N. of the Grrosse Markt stands the plain Schloss-Kirche
or Church of Our Lady (sacristan, Schloss-Str. 19), rebuilt in
1506-12.
The interior contains paintings by the Younger Cranach and his
school, including a large Crucifixion, Christ on the Mt, of Olives, and a
Last Supper, with portraits of twenty-two of the chief promoters of the
Eeformation. The pulpit and font (1533) are of sandstone, painted.
A stone monument of Prince Joachim Ernest (d. 1586) may be seen on
the N. side of the choir. — The vaults below the church contain the
tombs of Anhalt princes (not worth seeing).
Proceeding to the N. from the G-rosse Markt, we reach the
Kleine Markt (PI. C, 3, 4) with the Rathaus, built in the German
Renaissance style (1901) and having a lofty tower (view). — In the
middle of the square is the Jubilee Monument by H. Schubert,
erected in 1867 to commemorate the reunion of the Anhalt terri-
tories in 1863.
No. 12 in the Zerbster-Strasse, to the N., is the Amalien-
Stiftung (PI. C, 3) for the reception of poor old women, founded
by the daughter (d. 1793) of Prince Leopold.
The Picture G-allery on the upper floor (adm. on week-days, 10-12),
numbering about 700 works, affords the visitor an excellent opportunity
of becoming acquainted with the German painters of the 18th cent.
[Lisiewski, Schiltz, Seekatz, Pesne, etc.). Among the best works are:
Van Dyck, Portrait of Maurice of Orange ; Honthorst, Portrait of Princess
Amalia of Nassau-Orange; D. Mytens, Portrait -group, 1666; Rubens,
Louis XIII.; Frans Hals, Portrait of a boy; 31. Wolilgemut, Portraits
of himself and his lady-love : Steenwyk, Architectural pictures ; J. Fyt,
Dead poultry; Adr. van Ostade, Peasant at a window; Dirck Hals,
Roisterers and 'rommelpot* players ; Pieter Potter, Expulsion of Hagar ;
u4i;erca7«_p, Village-feast ; Lingelbach, Harbour-scene; Mierevelt, Tortrsih
of a lady; Van Goyen, Landscape; C. Netscher, Exhibition of jewels;
Momper, Italian landscape.
The pretty Fountain in the Funk-Platz (PI. C, 1), representing
an ancient G-erman seizing a beaver, is by E. Semper (1901).
About V2 M- to the N. of the station lies the Geor gen- Garten (PL A, 1),
wich a chateau (no admittance) and the ducal Chapel of tlie Resurrection
(1898). A pleasant walk may be taken hence to the (2 M.) Wallwitzberg ,
near Wallwitzhafen (p. 254; restaurant at the Elbhaus ; tramway). —
The ducal chateau of KiiJinau, situated on a small lake in a fine park,
2 M. to the "W. of the Georgen-Garten. contains a collection of objects
2b6 Route 36.
WORLITZ.
illustrative of the history and archaeology- of Anhalt (shown by the
gardener). The lake contains a colony of beavers.
The chateau and park of Luisium lie 2 M. to the X.E. of Dessau,
via the Promenade-TVall (PL D, 4). The chateau contains an extensive
collection of pictures. Refreshments at the forester's house.
From Dessac to Worlitz, 12 M., railway in 3/^ hr. — 8 M. Oranien-
baum (Kurhaus. R. & B. l\'.2-2\2? D. l-li 2 V#), the chateau of which
(1683-98) contains portraits of the Orange family. — 12 M. Worlitz.
Walkers may go to Worlitz via Luisium, the 'Sieglitzer Berg, and
Vockerode.
"Worlitz {Eichenkranz, PL a, R. 13/4-21/2. D. 2-3 JC; GrUmr Baum,
PL b. similar charges), a town with 2000 inhab., is famous for the ex-
tensive and well-kept ducal ^Gardexs and Park, which were laid out
1765-1808 and afford beautiful walks. The traveller who desires to ex-
plore them (ca. 31,2 lii'^O had better taka e guide (1 JC) to pilot him
^rahreCosTO^
] Inspektu^/l- ^^
"emistempeL'
WORLITZ
1:30.000
0 IDO 200 300 400 500
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"Wa^na- ADebes.Xeipzig
through their intricacies and across the various lakes (park open to
public, reserved points of interest 50 pf .). — The Palace (adm. 30 pf.)
contains portraits of Countess Solras and the Prince of Orange by Van
Dyck. and others, and works by Donienichino, Wouvermaa, and S. van
Riii/sdael. — The *GrOTHic House (open 9-4, in summer till dusk; 50 pf.),
reached via the Xeumarkische Garten, the Rosen-Insel (PL 10), and the
Wolfs-Briicke (PL 14), contains armour, weapons, goblets, and a large
collection of pictures and stained glass (15-17th cent.), some of which
are very valuable. Among the best works are the following: Petrus
Christies. Crucifixion: Roger van der Weyden, Portrait; D. Bouts, John
the Baptist (in grisaille) ; Jia-sfer of Frankfort, Madonna with saints and
donors; portraits by Cranacli the Younger, Fr. Pourbus the Younger,
J. Ravesteyn, Verspronck, Mierevelt, Bol, and Netscher, and landscapes
by Vinckboons and Ariois. The portrait of the Great Elector is by
Hannemann. The works of Abraham Snaphan (1641-91). a good master
of the 17th cent., who lived and died at Dessau, are to be met with
here alone. — If we now take our way past the Flora Temple (PL 4),
ALTENBURG. S7. Route. 257
the Ketten-Brilcke (PI. 8), the Litisenklippe. .iiul the Venus Temjyle, \vc
arrive at the Monument, with marble portraits of Princes of Dessau.
To the S.l']. of this is tlie Pantheon, containing- several antiquities (Apollo
with the Muses, etc.); and farther to the 8.W., tlie Stein (PL 13; with
Venetian views by Canalctto); near by is the Grotto of Egeria (PI. 5;
•'/.i M. from the station).
From Dessau to Cothen, 13 M., railway in V2 hr. — 41/2 M.
Mosigkau, with a cliatean erected in 1752 and now occupied by an
Adliff-Fraulein-IStift (institution for ladies of the German noblesse). This
building contains a valual)le picture-gallery, witli works by Rubens,
Van Di/ck, Rombouts, Dujardin, S. Koninck, Sef/hers, De Heem,
Hondccoeter, G. Honthorst, Morelse, Mijtens, Mignon, etc. — 13 M.
Cdthen, see p. 249.
At (210 M.) Bitterfeld the line unites with the line from Berlin
to Leipzig (p. 249).
230 M. (243 M. via Wittenberge) Leipzig (Berlin Station; the
trains go on to the Bavarian Station), see p. 237.
37. Prom Leipzig to Hof (Nuremherg,
Uatlsbon, Municlt) or Eger.
Railway to Hof, 102 M., in 3-51/2 his. (fares 13 ^ 20, 7 c^ 90, 5 .fC
10 pf. ; express fares Vo JC 20, 'i) ^fC 90, 6 c^ 10 pf.); to Eger, 118 M., in
51/4-7 hrs. — From Leipzig to Nuremberg via Lichtenfels, express in 6-8 lirs.
(fares- 27 JC 10, 17 .S 40, 10 Jt, 90 pf.).
Leipzig, see p. 237. Departure from the Bavarian Station.
5 M. Gaschwitz, the junction for (18^/2 M.) Meusehvitz (see
p. 258) and for Flagwitz-Lindenau, on the Leipzig and Grera rail-
Avay (p. 260). — 13 M. Kieritzsck, the junction for Chemnitz (p. 225).
24 M. Altenburg. — Hotels. Wettiner Hof, near the Schloss,
R. 2-4, B. 1, D. IV2-2V2 ^' good; Eur opdis Cher Hof , opposite the station,
R. IV2-3? B- '^U ^'^ Thuringer Hof. — Restaurants. GUndel (wine),
D. Vj.^JC; Ratskeller, D. VI.2 JC ; Plateait : Railioay Restaurant; Theatre
Cafe. — Post & Telegraph Of fee, Josephs-Platz. — Electric Tramicay
from the station through the town.
Altenburg (595 ft.), the residence of the Duke of Saxe-Alteii-
burg, with 38,800 inhab., is overlooked by the Schloss, which rises
picturesquely above the town upon a wooded porphyry rock. The
older parts of the castle date from the 15th cent., the remainder
from the 17-19th. From this castle, in 1455, the knight Kunz von
Kaufungen carried off the young princes Ernest and Albert, found-
ers of the present rayal and ducal families of Saxony. In the
interior, which has been handsomely restored, the throne-room and
armoury are worthy of notice (adm. on application: fee). The late-
fJothic Schloss-Kirche, enlarged in the 15th and restored in the
17th cent., contains a handsome choir. In the grounds is a Museum
of Natural History ('Mauritianum'), opened in 1908. — The
BathauSj in the market, was built in 1562-64 in a good German
Renaissance style. — The two towers, known as the 'Rote Spitzen',
to the K. of the market-place, are relics of an ancient monastery
Baedeker's X. Germany. 15th Edit. 47
258 Route 5 7. REICHEXBACH. From Leipzig
1172;. — The Church of St. Bartholometv, iu the Burg-Str.,
dates from the 15th cent, (restored in 1880;.
The Museum contains antiquities and the collection of art
bequeathed by the Minister B. von Lindenau (d. 1854; open in
summer on ^Ted. 2-4 and Sat. &: Sun. 11-1. free; in winter, Sun.
11-1. free; on other days 11-1, 50 pf.;.
Of special importauce are the 170 Italian pictures of the 14th and
15th cent, (catalogue 1 ^4), amongst which may be mentioned works by
Sinwne Martini (42). Lippo Memnii (43-46), the Lorenzetti (47-49), and
by Sano di Pietro (70-75), Giovanni di Paola (76-79). Matteo di Giovanni
(81-83). three masters rarely seen outside Siena : also examples of Fra
Angelico (91. 92). Jlasacclo (•?95), Filippo Lippi (96), "^Botticelli (100),
Giovanni Santi (113), Perugino (114. 115). and Sig7iorelli (138-142). and
eight panels with allegorical figures, of the school of Pinturicchio (116-
123). There are also more than 300 Greek, Roman, and Etruscan vases,
and a collection of casts.
The well-to-do peasantry of the neighbourhood, w^ho are of
Wendish origin, wear a curious costume. The card-game of 'Skat',
now universal in Germany, originated among these peasants, in
memory of which a monumental fountain was erected in 1903.
From Altzxburg to Zeitz (p. 260), 16 M., branch-line in IV4 hr.
via Mensehcitz (p. 257). — Local lines to (19 M.) Karsdorf (p. 225) and
Penig (p. 236).
33 M. Gossnitz (junction for Glauchau and Chemnitz, p. 225,
and 6rera, p. 260), Crimmitschau (39 M.; pop. 23,500), Werdau
(46 M. ; pop. 19.500), all manufacturing towns.
From Werdau branch-lines diverge to ZicicJcau and Annaherg on the
E. (pp. 225, 229), and to Wilnschendorf and Weida on the W. (see p. 261).
To the left rises the castle of Schonfels. — 51 M. Neumarh.
From Xeumark to Greiz. 8 M.. railway in 1 2 ^^r. — Greiz {Henning,
U. 2-5, D. 1\.2-2V2 ^^- good; Loice: Thilringer Eof, at the station, well
spoken of), the capital of the small principality of Reuss-Greiz, charmingly
situated in the valley of the Weisse Elster, and consisting of the regularly
built new town on the left bank, and the quaint and irregular old town
on the right bank. The population (23,100) is largely engaged in the
manufacture of dress-goods. The bridge beside the Anger commands a fine
view of the old castle on the left bank of the Elster and of the modern
palace with its lofty tower, on an isolated wooded hill below. The park
fills the whole bed of the valley. The environs abound in romantic walks.
56V o ^^- Reichenbach (Goldenes Lamm. R. 2-4, J). 2 J6;
Kronprinz^ R. 2-3 -Ji). a manufacturing place with 29,000 in-
habitants. — Our train crosses the Goltzsch-Tal by an imposing
viaduct, 285 ft, in height. 60 M. XetzschJcau. with an old castle
(1462). — 63 M. Herlasgriin.
From Herlasgrtin a branch-line diverges for Zicota (p. 232) and (33 M.)
Klingental.
Beyond (67 !M.) Jocketa the train crosses the Elster'Tal by a
lofty viaduct of two tiers of arches, 230 ft. in height, beneath which
passes the G-era and ^eischlitz line.
72 M. Plauen. — Hotels. Wettiner Eof (PI. a : B. 1) ; Plauener
Hof (PI. b: B. 3). R. from 2, D. IV2-2V0 JC; DeiVs Hotel (PI. c; C, 3),
E. 21/2-6, D. 21 2 JC : Ceyitral Hotel (PI. d ; C, 2) ; Blauer En-gel (PI. e ; D, 4) ;
Gei-a'
1 : 150X>00
i ElometeT
to Hof. PLAUEX. 3 7. Eoitte. 259
KaiHCrliof (PI. f; B, 1). — Rkstaurants. Albif/ (wine), Bahnhof-.Str. 20;
Albert-Halle, at the Wettiuer Hof (see p. 258), t). IV4 ^/^; Tiumel: Theatre
Restaitrayit ; Rail. Restaurant ; Automatic Restaurant, Bahnhof-fStr. 12. -
Cafe Tromel. — Post Office (PI. C, 3), Balmhof-Str.
Cab for 1/4 I"'-, foi" 1, 2, 3, 1, or .5 pers., 7.5 pf., IJl, I JC 25, 1 .^ 50.
1 t^ 60 pf. ; double fares at night (10-6). — VajVatmic Tramway from
the Upper Railicay Station (PI. B, 1; for Leipzig, Hof, and Eger) to
(2 M.) the Lower Railway Station (PI. B, 5, 6; for (iera and Weischlitz ;
fare 10 pf.). -- U. S. Consul, Mr. C. B. Hurst.
Plauen (1230 ft.), a loftily-situated manufacturing town on the
Weisse Elster, with 100,000 inliab., is the capital of the Yogtlancl.
Near the Upper Station is the Knnst-JSchule (PL B, 1), with u
textile museum (open free). The Breite-Str. leads hence to the
Friedi'ich-Augusf-BriicJce (PL A, 2, 3), crossing the valley of the
Syra in an imposing arch of 300 ft. in span (1903-05). — The
Luther-Kirche (PL B, 3), dating from 1693-1708, has a carved
altar of the 15th century. — In the Alt-Markt (PL C, 4) are the
Rathaus (ca. 1470) and a Statue of King Albert (1907). To the S.E.
is the Johannes- Kir che (PL C, 4), founded in the 12th cent, and re-
built in 1548-56. To the N. of this point is the castle of Hradschiii
(PL C, B, 4), anciently the seat of the Vogt (advocatus regni).
At Plauen the lines to Hof and Eger divide.
a. To Eger. — 80 M. Weischlitz (p. 261); 84^, M. Oelsuitz:
921/0 M. Adorf, junction for Chemnitz (p. 232). — 94 M. Bad
Elster (1610 ft.; *Wettiner Hof, R. 3-8, D. 3-5, pens, from
10 ^; "^Hotel de Saxe, R. 2V2-7, B. 2-4, pens. 8-12 ^//; Kurhaus,
D. 3^2 ^^^/ visitors' tax 15 ^l)^ a frequented watering-place with
chalybeate springs. — 109 M. Voitersreuth is the first Bohemian
station (luggage examined). — 114 M. Franzenshad and (118 M.)
Eger, see Baedeker^s Austria,
b. To Hof. — 78 M. Mehlteuer — 82 M. Schonberg.
From Schonberg a branch-line runs in 3/^ hr. to (91/2 M.) Schleiz
(Goldene Sonne; Baierischer Hof J, a small town (5600 inhab.), pleasantly
situated, and commanded by the chateau of the Prince of Eeuss. The
early-Gothic Berg-Kirche, with baroque interior, is worthy of notice.
About 5 M. to the W. is ScMoss Burgk, situated on a wooded rock,
high above the Saale. ■ — About 71/2 M. to the S.W. of Schleiz, halfway
to Lobenstein, is Saalhurg (Weisses Ross), a small town on a hill with
towers and ramparts.
Another branch runs in 1 hr. from Schonberg to Hirschberg (pop. 2200 :
Goldener Hirsch), on the Saale, the valley of which offers pleasant excursions.
Beyond (88 M.) Reuth the line enters Bavaria. To the left are
seen the blue outlines of the Fichtel-Gebirge.
102 M. Hof (1610ft.; Kaiserhof near the station; Weisse>i
Lamm; Rail. Restaurant ; electric tramway to the town) is a
Bavarian town on the Saale, with 36,300 inhabitants. Gothic
Rathaus of 1563-6, remodelled in 1823. The 13th cent. Chirch
of St. Michael ^vas restored in 1826.
From Hof ioNuremberg ,\\k Hochstadt,Lichtenf els, and Bamberg,
and to Ratishon via Wiesau, see Baedeker's Southern Germany.
17*
•260
38. From Leipzig to Hochstadt via Gera
and Saalfeld.
137 M. Railway iu 5-9 hrs. — From Leipzig to Xureinberg, express
in 73,4 hrs. (fares 27 Ji 10. 17 ^*t 40. 10 JC 90 pf.). — The trains start from
the Temporary Thiiringian Station at Leipzig.
Leipzig^ see p. 237. — 4^ ._> M. Leutzsch, the junction for
Bebra and Cassel tp. 262 1; 7 X. Plagwitz-IAndenau (pp. 239, 257);
10^1. Knauthain: IS^jo^l. Pegau.
28 31. Zeitz <510 ft.": Sclchsischer Hof\ R. 2-2 1 2 ^^: ; Herald:
Victoria, R. 2^ 2 --^^Z Bairisches Bierhaus: Rail. ReMaurant ;
Cafe Eldorado)^ an old town (30,500 inliab.) with cloth and other
manufactories, situated on the right bank of the Weisse Elster^
was an episcopal see from 868 to 1029. — The railway station
lies in the lower town, from which a cable railway (5 pf.) ascends
to the upper town, containing the Moritzburg, erected in the 17th
cent, by the Dukes of Sachsen-Zeitz, and now a reformatory. Its
church (formerly the cathedral 1. rebuilt in the 13th and 15th cent.,
retains the Romanesque crypt of the original building. The altar-
piece (by Cranach the Elder; is now in the modern Church of
St. Nicholas (to the N.E.j. The Fathaus dates from 1502-09.
St. Michael's Church contains ancient frescoes (13-16th cent.).
Zeitz is the junction of lines to (20 M.) Weissenfels (p. 263), travers-
ing a district rich in brown coal: to Camburg (p. 268); and to AUeu-
hurg (see p. 258).
The railway now ascends the valley of the Elster. — 38 M.
Crossen (580 ft.), whence a line runs to the prettily situated
industrial town of Eisenberg iXowe; 10,000 inhab.). — 41 M.
Kostritz ((xoldener Kranich, R. 1-1^/2 «^) is noted for its beer and
flowers. Xear it is Bad Kostritz (Kurhaus). with warm sand and
salt baths.
45 M. Gera. — Hotels. Fromniater, R. 2-5. D. 2-3 ^S. very fair:
Fi'n'sf Bismarck : Schivarzer Bar; Sonntag's; Stadt Dresden; Victoria,
at the station. R. 2-5, D. 1^ 4 ^4C, well spoken of. — Deutsches Haus
Bestaiirant ; Cafe Jlonopol : Vogel (wine).
Post & Telegraph Office. Schloss-Str. — U. S. Cossular Agext.
Charles Xeuer.
Gera (620 ft. i, the capital of the principality of Reuss jimgere
Linie. a busy manufacturing town with 46.900 inhab., is situated
on the Tl^eisse Elster. Turniuo: to the rio-ht, at tlie exit from the
station, then to the left by the Bahnhof-Str., we reach the Theater-
Platz, a little to the E. of which is the Church of St. John, with
a bronze Equestrian Statue of Emp. William /., by Eberlein
a894i in front of it. [The present Theatre (1902) stands to the
"VT. of the rail, station.] The Johannis-Platz is adorned with a.
modern statue of Count Heinrich Posthumus (d. 1635). In the
market-place ;with a fountain of 1685; is the Fathaus, built iu
SAALFELD. 38. Route. 261
1576 but aiterwiirds altered. To the W. is the Town Museum
(open free, Sim., 11-1). — On the Hainberg, opposite the town,
rises the chfiteau of Ostersfein, the residence of the prince.
From Gera to (jossnitz, 22 M., railway in 1 hr. -- 7 M. Ronnebunj
(Post), with an old castle and chalybeate springs. — Near (11 M.)
Nobdenitz is the chTitcau of Lohichau (adni. 50 pf.), with memorials of
Anna Dorothea, Dnchess of Conrland (d. 1821), Jean Panl Eichter,
Kurner, etc. — 22 M. Gossnltz, see p. 258.
From (tera to Weischlitz, 88V2 ^••^ railway in IV2-2 hrs. — Beyond
(7 M.) Wunschendorf we traverse the romantic Elster-Tal. — 121/2 M.
lierffa ; 16 M. Neumuhle. — 2OV2 M- Greiz, see p. 258. — The scenery
now becomes still more picturesque. Passing the chateau of Dolau and
(231/2 M.) EUterberg (Gruner Baum) with its ruined castle, the train
traverses the Steinicht Ravine, with the stations of (26V2 ^0 Rentzsch-
milhle (Steinicht) and (28 M.) Barthtnuhle (hotel) and the ruin of Liebaii,
to (84 M.) Planen (p. 258). — 38V2 M. Weischlitz (p. 259).
From Gera to Jena and Weimar, see p. 276.
471/2 M. Zivotzen, — 53 M. Weida (820 ft.; Goldener Ring),
with 8400inhab. (branch-line to Werdau, p. 258). — 63 M. Triptis
From Triptis a branch-line runs in 3-4 hrs. to (43 M.) Marxgriln.
The chief intermediate station is (331/2 M.) Lobenstein (1690 ft. ; Kur-
hans, pens. 4-71/2 "-^Z Volkmar, R. 11/2-^? ^- IV2? pens. 41/.2-51/2 t^; Ziehr,
at the station), a favourite watering-place (3000 inhab.) on the Lemnitz,
commanded by a ruined castle.
671/2 ^'^' Neustadt an der Orla (1050 ft.; Goldener Lowe;
Bottcher)., a manufacturing town (6600 inhab.) in the grand-duchy
of Weimar, possesses a handsome late-Grothic Rathaus (15-16th
cent.). In the Stadt-Kirche is an altar-piece of ca. 1525-50.
A diligence plies hence daily to (IO1/2 M.) Kahla (p. 270) via (6 M.)
Hammelshain, a summer-resort in a well-wooded region, with a chateau
of the Duke of Altenburg. Near Wolfersdoi^f (Keller), 41/2 M. to the
E. of Hummelshain and 41/2 M. to the N. of ISTeustadt, the duke has a
hunting-lodge, known as the Frohliche Wiederkunft.
76 M. Possneck (815 ft.; Hirsch; Bitter; Post, R. 11/3-2,
B. 11/2-2 t^), an industrial town (12,800 inhab.) in the duchy of
Meiningen, also has a fine late-Gothic and early-Renaissance Rat-
haus, begun in 1443. Branch-line to Orlamiinde (p. 270), with
special station. — To the left rises the picturesque castle of Ranis.
87 M. Saalfeld. — Hotels. Roter Hirsch, R. 1^/^-21/2, D. l^U ^,
very fair; Thuringer Hof, R. from l^/^ ^S; Rail. Hotel (Alf. Loos),
R. 13/4-23/4 JC, these two at the station. — Cafe Pfldnzel, in the market-
place ; Cafe- Restaur ant Prinz Ernst, with view-terrace on the Saale. —
Post & Telegraph Office, Blankenburger-Str., nearly opposite St. John's
Church.
Saalfeld (710 ft.), an old town, with 13,200 inhab. and numerous
factories, is prettily situated on the Saale. In the market-place
is the Rathaus, erected in 1526-37 in the late-Gothic and Renais-
sance styles. The GotJiic Church of St, John (1389-1456), a little
to the N., has a sculptured ^V. portal and some stained glass of
1514. In the school-house is the Toivn Museum. The Chateau
(1677) of the extinct ducal line of Saalfeld stands in the N. suburb.
In the S.E. part of the town arc the little chateau Kitzerstein, of
262 ^r,ufe 59. KEOXACH.
the I6tli cent., and the ruins of the Hohe Schwarm, which is said
to have been erected in 632 by the pagan Slav leader Samo, though
the oldest of the extant remains date only from the 13th century.
Railway to Buclolstadt and Jena, see R. 40: to Arnstadt, see p. 293.
The railway ascends the winding valley of the Saale, quitting
it for the Loquitz-Tal at ('93 M.) Eichichf. junction of a line to
•20 M;. Lohenstein (p. 261i. — 102 M. Probstzella (1130 ft.:
Mei/u/ff/er Hof: Rail. Restaurant), a village with extensive slate-
quarries.
The train now enters Bavaria. Xear (1041/2 M.) Lauenstein
(1312 ft.: Burgfried) is the *Castle of the same name, dating from
the 14- 16th cent, and restored in 1896 (adm. oO pf.). — From
(106 ^r.) LurJicir/sstadt a branch-line runs to Lehesten (5 M.), the
centre of the Thuriugiau slate-industry. — The line now quits the
valley of the Loquitz. crosses the Rennsteig, and soon reaches its
highest point '19-48 ft. . 121 ^ ^ ^^- Stod'heinij with coal-mines. —
126 M. Kronach 1110 ft.: Goldener Wagen: Sonne) ^ a town
1 5200 inhab. I situated at the confluence of the Hosslach and Rodach,
was the birthplace of the painter Lucas .Cranach the Elder (1472-
1553'. — 137 M. Hochstadt. the junction of the Leipzig. Hof, and
Xur^^mberg line, see p. 259.
39. From Leipzig to Bebra (Frankfort on the
Main) and Cassel. Thuringian Railway.
172 M. Railway. Express in SV^ hrs. (fares 2.S JC, Ih JC 30, 9 JC
60 pf . : from Leipzig via Bebra to Frankfort in TV'g hrs. (fares 31 ^^ 40,
20 .^M> 20 pf.. 13 t#). Dinner -ears aeeompany the trains on this line. —
Best views to the left. — By Halle and Nordhauisen, see R. 47.
This line traverses one of the most picturesque districts in
Central Germany. 4 M. Leutzsch (p. 260). — The salt-works and
baths of (16 M.) Diirrenherg (Kurhaus) are passed, and the Saale
is crossed. — 19^ ^ ^^- Corbetha is the junction for Halle (p. 250).
Battle Fields. Three celebrated battles have been fought near
Corbetha. At Eos-^hach. .5 M. to the AV.. Frederick the Great with 22,000
Prussians signally defeated 60.000 French and their German allies under
Soubise. on 5th Xov.. 1757. — Xear LUizen (Roter Lowe), 5 M. to the E..
Gustavns Adolphus. King of Sweden, was mortally wounded on 6th Xov..
1632. after having defeated the imperial troops. A Memorial Chapel
'1907) and the Schicedenstein . a block of granite with a Gothic roof,
mark the spot (li/o M. to the X.E. of the market-place). — At Gross-
Gorschen. 4Vo -M- to the S. of Liitzen, a fierce but indecisive engage-
ment was fought on 2nd May. 1813, by the allied Russians and Prussians
against the French, in which the Prussian Gen. Scharnborst was mortally
wounded.
Merseburg "^ Mailer's Hotel. R. 2-3 ^^: Goldcne Sonne, R. l^j^-^JC;
Palmhauin . 6 M. from Corbetha. on the line to Halle, an ancient town
on the Saale. with 20.000 inhab., mentioned in history as early as the
9th cent., was a favourite residence of the emperors Henry I. and Otho I..
and frequently the scene of imperial diets. It was an episcopal diocese
from 968 to 15*61. Halfwav from the station to the cathedral stands a bronze
NAUMBUROt 5.9. nonu, 203
statue of Emp. Frederick III., by Hnndricscr (1801). The ^Cathedral,
founded in 1015 and restored in 188.'j-8fi, consists of a choir of tlie liith
and late-Gothic nave of tlic early KHh century. The choir contains tlio
brazen monument of Rudolph of Swabia (who fell in 1080 in a battle
with his rival Henry IV.), a font of the 12th cent., an epitaph by Hans
Vischer (1544), and interesting wood-carvings, altar-pieces, and tombs.
The Schloss, built in 1480-89 and rebuilt early in the 17th cent., once a
residence of the Saxon princes , presents an imposing appearance witli
its three towers. — A branch-line runs from Merseburg to (11 M.) Schaf-
fitddt via the chalybeate springs of (7 M.) Lauchstddt (Schwarzer Adler),
with a simple theatre built in 1802 by Goethe and restored in 1908.
25 M. Weissenfels (435 ft.; Schutze, R. IV^-S, D. I'V^-
272 «^<^/ Goldener Hirsch; Bail. Eesfavrant)., on the Saale, which
is crossed by two bridges, a town with 30,900 inhab., possesses an
old Schloss of the extinct Dukes of Weissenfels-Querfurt. The
KleDimberg, which rises above the Schloss, is a good point of
view. — From Weissenfels to Zeifz, see p. 260.
On the slope to the right rises the chateau of Goseck, and to
the left the lofty tower of the ruined Schouhurg. The country be-
comes more hilly, and the A'ine is cultivated here with some success.
33 M. Naumburg {Beichskrone , R. 1^^ 4-4, D. 21/4 ^;
Schwarzes Boss, R. 2-4, D. 2^/2 t///, these two very fair; Kaiser-
hof, at the station), an ancient town with 25,100 inhab., '74 M.
from the station (electric tramway 10 pf., cab 50 pf.), is an im-
portant-looking and pleasantly -situated place. The bulk of the
'^Cathedral of St, Peter and St. Paul (bell at the E. entrance;
fee 25 pf.), completed before 1249, is in the late-Romanesque and
Transition styles; the early-Gothic W. choir was added in 1250-70,
the more developed E. choir about 1330. The S.W. tower was
erected in 1894, the N.W. tower is of 1249, and the other two date
from the 15th century. The gargoyles are of the 13th century.
The W. choir is adorned with twelve * Statues of founders of the
church. Below the E. choir is a spacious crypt (12th cent.), with
pillars and capitals of most varied form. Both choirs are separated
from the nave by fine screens. They both possess some old stained
glass. — The Church of St. Wenceslaus or Stadt-Kirche (sacris-
tan, Kleine Neugasse 4), in the market-place, contains a picture
by Cranach the Elder: 'Suffer little children to come unto Me'
(1529). — Fine views are obtained from the Burger - Garten
(restaurant), on the Gralgenberg.
From Xaumburg to Artern , 35 M.. railway in 2 hrs. — 31/2 M.
Freyburg (Weintraube), with 3350 inhab. and a large manufactory of
sparkling hock (open to visitors at 9, 10, & 11 a.m., 2, 3, & 4 p.m.),
possesses a fine church, half Gothic and half Romanesque, dating from
the 13th and loth cent., with two towers connected by a kind of bridge.
The so-called Erinnerungs-Turnhalle filr Vater .John commemorates
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn, the 'father of gymnastics', who lived and died
(1852) at Freyburg (monument on the fagade). Behind the Turuhalle is
the Jahn Museum. On the hill to the E. is the ancient Neuenhurg.
with its Romanesque double chapel, which was one of the chief seats of
the landgraves of Thuringia. Extensive view. The Romanesque double
064 Boidc 39. KOSEX. From Leij^zig
chapel (13th cent.' is a little gem of traceried decoration. A room is
shown -which Queen Louisa of Prussia is said to have occupied a few days
before the battle of Auerstadt (see below). — Near (18 M.) Xebra is
Memleben {i^jo M.). with the interesting Romanesque ruin of a Benedictine
abbey founded in 975 ; crypt and statues of emperors of the 13th cen-
tury. — Beyond (25 M.) Bossleben the line traverses the Goldene Aue. —
35 M. Artehi, p. 304.
Beyond Xaumbnrg. to the left of tlie line, is the celebrated
school of Schulpforta. established in 1543 in an old Cistercian
monastery, where Klopstock. Fichte. Ranke, and other celebrated
men were pupils. The choir of the fine Gothic church was com-
pleted in 1268. The valley of the Saale from Xaumburg to Stadt-
Sulza is very picturesque.
371 g M. Kosen. — Hotels. *Zm»? Mutigen Patter, R. 2-1. B. 1,
D. 2-21 o. pens. 5^ 2-8 •^*, with brine baths; Apel, at the station, R. IV2-
4 JC; LoreUy, at the motor-boat wharf, R. IV2-2 t4^. — Railway Restau-
rani; Kur-Garten, with view. — Visitors' Tax 6-10 JC. — Electric Boat
to the foot of the Rudelsburg, 30 pf.
Kosen (385 ft.: 3000 inhab.) is a pleasant little watering-place
with salt-baths on the Saale. which is here crossed by an old bridge
with pointed arches and the railway-bridge. On the left bank lie
the station, the Kursaal, and the Kur-Garten, on the right the
Evaporating TVorks. The Saalhduser^ Gottersiiz. Wilhelmshu.rg,
and Himmelreich ('all with restaurants) command fine views.
To the left on the hill, 2 M. from Kosen, rises the "^ Rudelshurg
(280 ft. above the Saale; restaurant;, a ruined castle (12-14th cent.:
footpath from Kosen via the Katze, a restaurant on the right bank,
where there is a ferry: to the castle ^/4 hr.). Outside the castle
are a monument to students who fell in 1870-71, a statue of Bis-
marcl: as a student, and an obelisk in memory of Emp. William I.
— Farther on are the two round towers of Saal€cl\
41 M. Gross-Heringen ('405 ft. ; JRail. Restaurant)^ at the in-
flux of the Ilm into the Saale. Branch-line to (5]\1.) Camhu7r^(]^.26S).
From Gross -Herixgex to Straussfcrt. 33 M., branch -railway in
2V4 hrs. Beyond (IV'4 M.) Bad- Suiza -Xord (see below) the line pa'sses
near Auerstedt, in the neighbourhood of which the battle of Auerstedt.
which proved so fatal to the Prussians, was fought on 14th Oct., 1806.
A monument marks the spot where the Duke of Brunswick was wounded.
The train quits the Saale and approaches the Urn. — 43 M.
Bad Suiza -pop. 2850; Kurhaus. R. 2-4, pens. 5-7 ^; Weimar-
iseher Hof: Grossherzog von Sachsen : Simon), with salt-baths
(^visitors' tax 9-18 -^/Ij.
49 M. Apold a. (Adler; Post) is a busy place with stocking and
other manufactories ('21.200 inhab. ^i and a clever war monument by
F. Lepke fl895).
59 X. Weimar (^Bail. Restaurantj, see p. 271. To Gera, see
p. 276. Beyond AVeimar the country is hilly.
72 M. Erfurt. — Hotels. Xear the Station : *Erfurter Hof (PI. b :
D, 4), R. 2-5, B. 1. D. 2-2i 0 ^ (in restaurant l'/^ JC)', Central (PI. d:
B wBairiiDfltTBrslehjDieivC
1 Altes GvmposxzuTV
^cr-^\^lt%h a -n Tl -t « -T?^! J!^". I KaiserSVUAelmdenkmal'R^
a ^ "JI lii^?-^ ^ '^' ^ JQymmandaJVtur ..D3
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fe^
1 Reicfi^'bcmk, C4; ^
~ 8 SchZLienI>2^ 2,B 4;,C 1,C 3J)2ai3-l-
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^^'"^ -^Waiscnhaus JB4- I
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M Eeichartdenk7nal' . B5 |
o .<: 13 rrsrjLtuvei-kloster. . D 3
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^^^ 0 50 300 aOO 300 4O0 S30
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J)
Geo grapluAiLstall xor.
"Wagner ADebee^ie^El
to Cassel. ETlFURT. •'?5. nonfp. 265
D, 4), R. 2-31/0, B. 1, 1). 2V2 v^ (in restaurant Ji/.^ ^/j^) ; Silber (PI. a ; D, 1) ;
Reichsfiof i^L c; D, 1), R. 11/2"^^ B. -V^ <^. — In the Town: Europdiachf.r
Hof& RdmUclier Kaincr (PI. h; C, 3), R. from 3, 13. 1 c^; Rltter (PI. ^;
C, 3), R. 2-21/2, D. IV2 -^; Premsischer Hof (PL i; D, 3), R. li/.^-2 JC;
Thuringer Hof (PL e, B, 3); Rheinischer Hof (PL f ; C, 4).
Restaurants. In the Erfurter Hof and Centi'al- Hotel, see above;
in the basement of the Europdischer Hof (see above ; T). 2 JC); Spate)i-
bvciu, Angler 57, 1>.1 Ji; Kohl, Anger 19, with garden; Automatic Restau-
rant, Bahnhof-Str. 1; llucke-s Wine Rooms, Johannis-Str. 2.
Cafes. Stolze & Bachrodt, Ncuwerk-Str. .50 ; Wiener Cafe, Anger fU ;
Cafe Roland, Fisehniarkt 7.
Cab for 1 pers. 50, 2 pers. 60, 3 pers. 80 pf., 4 pers. 1 JC ; to the
Schiesshaus or Steiger, 1 t^, 1 ^ 20, 1 .^^ 40, 1 «/{<( 60 pf . ; per hour 1 JC 50,
1 ^S 80, 2 ,.4 10, 2 .^ 40 pf. — There are also Taximeter Cabs.
Electric Tramways (10 pf.) as shown on the Plan.
Theatre (PI. B, 4), Theater-Str. ; VogeVs Garten (variety-theatre). —
Post & Telegraph Office (PL C, 3), Anger 66. — Baths (PL B, 4), Her-
manns-Platz 10.
U. S. Consul, Mr. Ralx)h C. Busser.
English Church in the Neuerbe-Schtde ; chaplain Rev. Dr. Macintosh,
Grotha (p. 277jj service at 3.30 p.m. on the last Sunday of the month.
Erfurt (655 ft.), a very ancient town on the Gera^ with 100,000
inhab., was a fortress down to 1873, but most of the works have
been removed. It possesses several handsome Gothic churches, and
private dwelling-houses of the 16th and 17th centuries.
The town existed in the form of a fortified agricultural settlement
as early as the time of St. Boniface (741), the English apostle of this
district. In the 14th and 15th cent. Erfurt was a member of the Hanseatic
Leag^ue ; at a later date it became part of the Electorate of Mayence ;
in 1802 it was annexed to Prussia, from 1806 to 1814 it was under the
French supremacy, and it was afterwards finally restored to Prussia.
The so-called Erfurt Congress took place in the autumn of 1808. The
Parliament of 1850 held its sittings in the Augustine church (p. 267).
The university, founded in 1392 and suppressed in 1816, was one of the
chief seats of the Humanists at the time of the Reformation.
From the Railway Station (PL D, 4) we follow the Bahnhof-
Str. to the left to the Anger. At the corner is the Steueramt or
Pachhof (PI. C, D, 3), with a small Public Picture Gallery (open
daily, 11-1; on Wed. also 2-4) and the Pay al Library, containing
55,000 volumes and 7700 MSS. (open on week-days 10-1, Wed. also
3-6; closed during the school-holidays).
In the Anger (PL C, 3, 4), a broad street planted with trees,
is the Merohauts' Church (early 14th cent.), in front of whicli
rises a good Luther Monnmeut (PL 5), by Schaper (1890).
The Schlosser-Strasse leads from the Post Office to the Fisch-
MARKT (PL C, 3), in which are a Poland Column (1591) and the
Rathaus, erected in 1869-75 and adorned with frescoes by
Kampffer (staircase and passages : Faust, Grleichen, and Tannhauser
legends, Luther's life) and Janssen (great hall: scenes from the his-
tory of Erfurt; fee 30-50 pf.). Two of the private houses in the
Fisehniarkt are handsome Renaissance edifices of the 16th cent., and
there is another of equal interest in the J(Jiannis-Str. (No. 169).
Opposite St. MichaeVs Church (PL C, 3), in the Pealschule (PL 8),
266 ^oute 39. ERFURT. From Leipzig
is the Museum of the Thuringian Forest Society (Sun., 11-1,
free; at other times on application to the custodian). The adjacent
Krcimer-BrUcke (PI. C, 3) is flanked with houses on each side. —
The Hospital (PL C, D, 2) contains a collection of antiquities,
paintings, coins, etc. (daily 11-1, free, except Mon. & Sat.).
To the W. of the Fischmarkt is the principal square, the Fried-
rich-^ilhelms-Platz (PI. B, 3). in the centre of which rises an
obelisk in memory of Frederick Charles. Elector of Mayence (1777).
On the N. side are the handsome Law Courts, and on the S. is the
old 'Lilie' Inn (1538), where Luther, Maurice of Saxony, and Grustavus
Adolphus are all said to have put up. To the S.TT. is an eminence,
on the top of which the Cathedral and the church of St. Severus
form a picturesque group, approached by a broad flight of steps
(sacristan in the corner house to the right, at the top ; fee 60 pf.,
for 2 or more pers. 30 pf. each).
The *Cathedral (PL B, 4: Rom. Cath.), begun about 1154,
is erected on a massive substructure (the 'Cavaten'); the choir, built
in 1349-70, is in the pure Grothic style, while the nave and aisles
date from 1456-72. The X. portal has an elaborately decorated
porch of 1358. The church was seriously damaged by fires and
sieges at various periods, but was restored in 1845-70. The W.
facade, which also is approached by a flight of steps, is adorned
with a large figure of the Virgin in mosaic on a gold ground (1870).
INTERIOR. By the first pillar on the X. side a *Bronze Relief, Coro-
nation of the Virgin, by P. Visctier, being a monument 'Hcnningo Goden
jurcc' {(1. 1521: replica at TVittenberp-. see p. 248). Near it, on the
opposite pillar, a curious painting or 1534. representing the Transub-
stantiation: on the S. wall a figure of St. Christopher, in oil (1499);
below it the tombstone of a Count von Grleichen and his two wives, of
the 13th century. The relief in wood of the Resurrection, above an altar
to the right of the choir, has well-preserved painting (15th cent.). The
choir contains finely carved stalls of the 15th cent., a Marriage of St.
Catharine by Cranach the Elder, and a bronze candelabrum of the 12th
cent., the foot of which represents a worshipper. Fine stained glass of
the 15th century.
Beautiful Cloisters on the S. side, partly Romanesque and partly
Gothic. — The Towers, dating from the beginning of tne 13th cent.,
contain ten bells, the largest of which ('Maria Gloriosa') weighs upwards
of 13 tons. Fine view from the top (260 steps).
The ""Church of St. Severus (PI. B. 3: also Rom. Cath.), dating
from the 15th cent., with its three spires and double aisles, was
admirably restored in 1878 (key at Severi-Hof 2 >. It contains good
reliefs (end of 14th cent.) on the altar, a figure of St. Michael (1467),
and a font with an elaborate pierced canopy (1467). — The Frediger-
Kirche (PI. C, 3), erected in the 14th cent., contains a carved high-
altar (ca. 1500;i and interesting reliefs a4-16thcent> — The Bar-
fUsser-Kirche (PI. C, 3, 4i, dating from the 14th cent., contains
a carved altar (14th cent.) and interesting tombstones.
The Goveri^rnent Buildings <P1. C. 4). formerly the palace of the
io C'assel. NEU-BIETENDORF. 3.9. Rout^. 267
governors appointed by the Electors of Mayencc, were occupied by
Napoleon in 1808, who convened a congress of reigning princes here.
The Aitfjnstine Monastery , now a reformatory (Martinsstift;
PI. C, 2) and orphan-asylum, contains the cell of Luther, who was a
monk here in 1505-8; but nearly all reminiscences of the illustrious
Reformer were destroyed by a fire in 1872.
The Steiger (boy. PI. B, 6; restaurant), to the S.W., and the Cyriax-
burg, to the W., are the favourite promenades at Erfurt. At the foot
of the former is the pleasure-resort Flora (tramway). — The horticulture
of the environs enjoys a high reputation. The nurseries of J. C. Schmidt,
K. Benary , F. C. Helnemann, Ilaagc & Schmidt (palms and orchids),
and Lorenz contain a great variety of plants. A rich display of flowers
may also be seen in summer and autumn beyond the Briihler-Tor, to the
right. Near the Steiger are numerous well-kept market-gardens.
The salt-mine of Ilversf/ehoven (pop. 10,000), 8 M. to tlie X. of Erfurt
(on the railway to SondersJiausen, sec p. 309; tramway), with a shaft
1300 ft. deep, mav be visited in the forenoon by permission of the over-
seer (IV2 -*)•
From Erfiirt to Nordhausen (Wolfcnhilitcl, Brn7tsv;ick), see R. 48;
to Sangerhausen, see p. 301.
The train now approaches the N. slopes of the Thuringian
Forest. — 79 ^ 2 ^^- Neu-Dietendorf (Bail. Restaurant, D.
IV2 ^) is a well-built Moravian colony. Railway to Ritschen-
hansen, see p. 293.
To the left, farther on, rise three picturesque castles situated on
three isolated hills, called the Drei GleicJien:viz. the Wachsenhiirg
(comp. p. 292), the Milhlhurg, and the Wander slehener Gleiche,
the last two in ruins. The train skirts the Seeherg (p. 279).
89 M. Gotha (RaiL Restaurant), see R. 42. Route to Leine-
felde, see p. 306 ; to Grdfenroda, see p. 298.
Beyond Gotha a fine view is obtained (left) of the mountains of
Thuringia, among which the Inselsberg is conspicuous. — 96 M.
Frottstedt, junction for Friedrichroda (see p. 299).
The railway now follows the course of the Horsel, On the riffht,
extending nearly as far as Eisenach, rises the long, deeply-furrowed
ridge of the Horselberg (1575 ft.). Here, according to popular
tradition, is situated the Grotto of Venus, into which she enticed
the knight Tannhauser. The ascent is best accomplished from
Schonau (see below; 50 min.) through the Zapfengrund (blue
marks); fine view from the top (inn). — 102 M. Hchonau (820 ft.;
see above). — 104 M. Wutha. Hence to Ruhla, see p. 302.
107 M. Eisenach (Rail. Restaurant, D. 1^ /; .Jl), see R. 43.
To Coburg, see R. 44.
The train continues to follow the course of the Horsel (view of
the Wartburg on the left) to its union ^vith the Werra. Beyond a
tunnel the train quits the valley of the Werra and enters that of
the Fulda.
135 M. Bebra (670 ft.; Hotel Schluter ; Rail. Restaurant,
D, V^\ .^1 is the junction for Frankfort via Fulda (R. 52\
268 Route 40. JEKA. From Kaumhurfi
139 M. Rotenhurg; 151 M. JIalsfeld, the junction for Xieder-
hone and Treysa I'p. 334): 155 M. Melsungen I'pop. 3900: KaiL
Kestaurantj, an old town on the left bank of the Fulda. 160^/2 ^^•
Guxhagen, a picturesque town, on both banks of the Fulda, with
the suppressed Benedictine abbey of Breitenau (founded in 1113).
162 M. Giintershausen ip. 333* is the junction frtr the line from
Cassel to Frankfort. — 169 M. Wilhelmshohe.
172 M. Cassel, see p. 57.
40. From Naumburg to Jena and Saalfeld.
Railway to (221/2 M.) Jena in 1/.2-I1/4 hr. (fares 3 c4J, 1 ^ 80, 1 ^ 25 pf . :
express fares 3 ci 50. 2 .S .30, 1 ^ 50 pf .) : to (53 M.) Saalfeld in 1V2-2V-2 hrs.
(fares 6JC90, 4.JC 10, 2 JiC 70 pf . ; express fares 7 c4( 90, 5 Jt. 10, 3 ^ 20 pf .;.
From Xaumburg to (4^ ^ •-^^) Kosen. see p. 264. The line
continues to ascend the pretty valley of the Saale to (12 M.) Cam-
burg (pop. 2800; Rathaus: Posti. with a ruined castle (viewi.
Branch-lines to Gross-Heringen «p. 264i and to Zeitz (p. 260).
161 2 ^ Dornburg <444ft.: Bathaus)^ situated on a lofty
rock, possesses three Castles, of which that in the centre ^1736-47)
and that to the S. (occupied by Goethe for several months in 1828;
have preserved their original equipment (shown by head-gardener 1.
Fine views from the garden-terraces. — On the right bank lies
Dorndorf (Blauer Schildi, whence a pretty walk may be taken to
i4 M.) Tautenhnrg (Schenk;. picturesquely situated on a hill in the
middle of a wooded dale. — 12 M. Porstendorf; 14 31. Zicatzen,
To the left, on a steep hill on the right bank of the Saale, rises
the ruined Kiimtzhorg (1150 ft.: *View).
22^ o 31. Jena. — Railway Statio>-s : Saal-Bahuhof, to the X., and
Parodies (p. 270; no cabs), to the S.. both for the Gross-Heringen lino.
— Weimar and Gera Station, to the S.W.. Vjo M. from the Saal-Bahnhof
(tramway).
HoTKLs. "^ScJiicarzer Bar PL a\ R. from 2V2. B. IV 1. D. 2-31,2 Jt,
with garden and memorial tablets referring to visits of Luther (1522)
and Bismarck ^892,: Son?w rPl. c). with garden. R. 2-3i'o. D. liV2i/2^,
good: Deutsches Hans (PI. b;. R. from 2. D. 21/2 .€; Kaiserhof (PL e),
AVagnergasse 25, R. from 2, D. 11/2^^' Weimarischer Hof (PI. d), with
popular restaurant: Schican (PL f), R. 112-2^2^^- — Restaurants.
Sfadfh<fi(s (p. 269;. Weigel-Str.. D. IV4 ^.4: Burgkeller, next door to the
Stadt-Kirche : JRaisJceller, in the Rathaus; Parodies (p. 270), Bismarck-
hbhe. two garden-restaurants near the town. — Wise. Alt-Jena, in the
market-place; Zeise, on the grouudfloor of the Rathaus. — Cafe Jinuj-
bruunen, Fiirstengraben 13.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL 15), Engel-Platz. — Theatre,
Engel-Platz.
Cabs. From the stations to the town 50 pf. each pers., to the stations.
1-2 pers. 1, 3 pers. li/o. 4 pers. 2 JC. To the Forst and Lichtenhain and
back, 71 2 ^: fee 1 ^^'
Electric Tramways between the rail, stations and through the town.
Key to Plax. 1. Amtsgericht. 2. Bismarck Fountain. MonumenU:
:'-. Burschenschaft: 1. Dobereiner ; 5. Fries: 5a. Karl von Hase; 6. John
V .^ ^^ ^ \ v-^ Fn^?-c^^i7m -^^^./^y Xobichai
^^jSiWiJiJ
i a^kB^"^
"Kilometpr
1 : 100.000
Enol IGles
to SaalfelcL JENA. 40. Route. 269
Frederick; 7. Okeii ; 8. Fritz Renter: 8a. Sehleideu; 9. Schulze ; 10. Stoy.
— 11. Garrison Church. 12. Gyninasium. 13. Lunatic Asylum. 14. Phy-
iogenetic Museum, 15. Post '& Telegraph Office. 16. ' Pulver-Turm.
17. Scholastic Museum and Pedagogic Seminary. 18. Observatory. 19.
Veterinary School. 20. University. — University Institutes: 21. Ana-
tomical; 22. Botanical; 23. Chemical; 24. Mineralogical & Geological ; 25.
Zoological.
Jena (470 it.;, a town of Saxe-Weimar with 26,000 inliab., first
mentioned in the 9th cent., and celebrated for its university (ca.
1500 students), which was founded in 1548, is very pleasantly situ-
ated at the continence of the Saale and Leutra. Many of the
streets contain memorial tablets to illustrious men who once lived
here, such as Groethe and Schiller.
The Market Place is embellished with a Statue of John
Frederick the Magnanimous (d. 1554; PL 6), the founder of the
university, by Drake, and with a Bismarck Fountain (PI. 2), by
Hildebrand. The Grothic Rathaus was built about 1440. — The
choir of the Stadt-Kirche (15th cent.) contains a figure of Luther
in relief, originally destined for his tomb at Wittenberg, but placed
here in 1571. — The new University j with its lofty tower, com-
pleted by Theodore Fischer in 1908, occupies the site of the palace
of the Dukes of Saxe-Jena. -
In the pleasant promenades (Fiirstengraben, Lobdergraben, etc.)
which surround the town on the site of the old moated walls, are
monuments to Fritz Reuter (p. 280; PI. 8) and to sundry Jena
professors (comp. Plan). In the vicinity is the University Library j
containing over 250,000 vols, and various interesting prints and
relics (reading-room open daily, 9-1 and, except Sat., 3-6). To the
left is the old University (PL 20) itself. On the right is the Botan-
ical Garden J open daily (closed 11.30-1). At the W. end of the
Fiirstengraben rises the old Po^vder Tower (PL 16), commanding
a good view of the town (key at the adjoining house, T^o. 25).
A few paces farther to the S. is the Johannis-Tor (14th cent.).
— In the Eich-Platz is the Burschenschafts-Denkmal (PL 3), or
Students' Monument, by Donndorf, erected in 1883 in commemo-
ration of the efforts made by German students in the cause of
national liberty after the downfall of Napoleon. — The St adthaus
(restaurant) in the Weigel-Str. contains, on the second floor, the
Municipal Museum, with relics of Jena's classical past and of the
Battle of Jena (open free on Wed. & Sun., 2-5 ; at other times 30 pf .).
The Observatory (PL 18), on the S. side of the town (Schiller-
giisschen 3) stands in Schiller's old garden (his house is still extant
here), which contains also a bust of Schiller by Dannecker, on the
spot where the poet wrote his 'Wallenstein' in 1798. — The lime-
avenues of the Paradies (comp. pp. 268, 270) skirt the river.
In the Carl-Zeiss-Platz is the Carl- Zeiss- Sti ft ung, founded by
Carl Zeiss (d. 1888) in 1846, and including his famous factory of
270 Roide 40. RUDOLSTADT.
optical iustrumeuts, besides various institutions for the benefit of its
1150 workmen (visitors admitted to the museum, reading-room, etc.).
To the X.W. of the Fiirstengraben (see p. 269) rises the Thm^in-
gian Supreme Courts built in 1879. On a hill to the N.E. is the
Bestaurant zur Schonen Aussk-hf. commanding a beautiful view.
The Camsdorf Bridge leads over the Saale to Wenigenjena
(4800 inhab.). The -Tamie Inn' (now the Rathaus) here bears an
inscription to the effect that Groethe once resided there ; a path by
the Saale is said to be the spot where he composed the 'Erlkonig'.
The Environs of Jena (comp. the Map), where the peculiar strati-
fication of the rock is au object of interest, afford a number of pleasant
excursions. On the Hausberg. 2i/o M. to the E.. rises the Fuchsturm,
a remnant-of the castle of Kirchherg. generally open in summer (10 pf.),
reached from the village of ZiegenJmin, or from Wenigenjena, in ^/^ hr. —
The *Forst (restaurant), 2 M. to the W. of Jena, is another picturesque
spot ; the tower at the top was built in memory of the Jena students
who fell in 1870-71. A good path leads hence to the S.E. to Lichtenhain
and Ammerhach, which, like Ziegenhain, are favourite resorts of the
students. From Lichtenhain back to Jena, V'>-^/4 I'r.
The Battle of Jena was fought on 14th Oct.. 1806, a little to the X.
of the town, where Xapoleon. with his superior generalship, and an
army of 96,000 men, of whom about 54,000 were actually brought into
the field, signally defeated 43,000 Prussians under Prince Hohenlohe.
The battle raged most fiercely at Vierzehnheiligcn, 5 M. from Jena, on
the way to Apolda. about V2 M. to the right of the road. Napoleon
followed the battle from the WindknolUn. At the same time the rest of
the Prussian army was engaged at the battle of Auerstedt (comp. p. 264).
From Jena to Weimar and Gera. see p. 276; station, see p. 268.
Beyond Jena the line follows the left bank of the Saale. 22 M.
BaracUes (p. 269). To the left, on the opposite bank, lies Lobeda,
above which rise the ruins of the Lobedahurg. 4 M. from Jena.
26V2 M. Goschicitz, junction for AVeimar and Gera (p. 276).
32\ .2 M. Kahla (540 ft. ; Goldener Lowe, very fair), a small town
in the duchy of Altenburg (6300 inhab.). Opposite to it rises the
old fortress oi Leuchtenbarg \1 hr. from the station), a good point of
view (Inn, R. & B. 2 Jl: view-tower 10 pf.). — 30 M. Orlamiinde
(pop. 1650: Stern t. at the confluence of the Saale and the Orla.
47 M. Rudolstadt (640 ft.; "^Badolsbad, see p. 271; Loive,
R. 2-3, D. 2V o ^//; Krone, at the AV. end of the town, with garden,
R. V 2-2^ 21 ^- l--\4 ^^^ y Tkilringer Hof\ at the rail, station, R.
1^2-2, B. 1^/2 ^^; Bail. Bestaurant) ., the capital of the princi-
pality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, is charmingly situated on the
Saale. Pop. 12.500. The Anger, near the station, is a favourite
resort on fine summer-evemno:s ('restaurants: band several times
weeklyi. The Ladtcigsburg (1734) contains a cabinet of natural
history, including a valuable collection of shells. On a hill (200 ft.)
rises the chateau of Heidecksburg. the residence of the prince,
rebuilt after a fire in 1735, and containing handsome rococo rooms;
pretty view from the X.W. portal. Picturesque walks on the wooded
Hainberg, above the town.
WEIMAK. 41. Route. 271
Abuut JV4 M. to the W. of Rudolstadt (onc-liorsc carr. 5 JC) is the
famous school of Kcilhau, founded by Frobcl in 1817. The Barop-Turni,
1 M. to the W., commands an admirable view (key kept at Kcilhau).
On the highroad, 2 M. to the 8. of Rudolstadt, lies Volkstedt, in one
of the first houses of which Schiller resided in 1788 (with a tablet;
visitors admitted to a room with Schiller's writing-table and cliair). The
8chiller-H6iiG on tlie opposite l)ank of the Saale, adorned with a copy of
his bust by Dannecker, commands a fine view. — About halfway be-
tween Rudolstadt and Volkstedt, a little to the left of the road, rises
the Justiiishohe (920 ft.), another good point of view. At tlie foot of
the Justinshohe, is the *Rudolsbad, with batlis, restaurant, and lodgings
(pens. 5-7 JC). — Other pleasant points are tlie (2 hrs.) *Kulm (1580 ft.),
the Marienturm Q^^ hv.), and the Morlaer Grund (to the S.W.).
49^2 ^^' Sclnvarza (Traube; Rail. Restaurant), the station for
the Schwarza-Tal (p. 290; branch-line to Blankenburg, see p. 290).
Beyond Schwarza the train crosses the Saale. To the right is tlie
battlefield of 10th Oct., 1806, where Lannes and Augerean with
30,000 men defeated 11,000 Prussians and Saxons under Prince
Lewis Ferdinnnd of Prussia. Between Snalfeld and Schwarza a
monument has been erected to the prince on the spot where he fell.
53 M. Saalfeld, where the line joins the Leipzig and Hoch-
stadt railway, see p. 26L
41. Weimar.
Hotels. *RussiscHER Hof (PI. c; B, 3), R. from 3, B. IV4, D. 3 (in
restaurant 1V2-2V2)> pens. 7-12, omn. ^UJC; *Erbprinz (PL b; C, 4), with
garden, R. from 3, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 6V2-IO «.#; Kaiserin Augusta (PI. f ;
B, 1), at the station, with garden, R. from l-'^/^ c^, well spoken of; Ranke,
also at the station, R. 2-3, B. 3/^, D. IV2-2V4? pens. 5-6 JC; Elefant (PI. a;
C, 4), well spoken of; Chemnitius (PI. d; B, 3), R. 2-3 ^: (rRossHERzoa
YON Sachsen (PI. g; B, 2); Germania (PI. k; B, 1), R. IV2-2V2J ^' IVi^^/
GoLDNER Abler (PI. e ; C, 4) ; Hohenzollern (PI. i ; C, 1), at the station ;
Sachsischer Hof (PI. h; C, 4), R. li/o, D. 1-2 ^fC. — Pensions. Augusta,
Luisen-Str. 21 (41/2-61/2 -^) ; Von Berg", Worth-Str. 37 (4-6 .4) ; JRosenkranz,
Preller-Str. 11 (4-6 J6); Kdhler, Worth-Str. 18 (4-5 .S); Martini, Bernhard-
Str. 1 (4-5 c^) ; 3I)-s. Frankenfeldt (English), Junkcr-Str. 3.
Kestaurants. At the hotels ; Werthcr, Theater-Platz 1 (PI. B, 4), with
garden, D. IV4 J^; Junghrunncn, Schiller-Str. 14 (PI. B, 4), J). 1 JC lb pf.
-- Caf6s. Kaiser-Caf6, Park-Str. (PI. C, 4); Oherdorster, Sehiller-Str. 18
(PL B, 4). — "Wine Rooms. Freimd, corner of the Schiller-Str. and
Frauen-Tor-Str. ; Ft'irstoikeller, Fiirsten-Platz 4, with seats in the open air.
Cabs, on the Taximeter system. — Drive through the Schloss Park
to Belvedere or Tiefurt, 71/2 «^ ; f o the Ettersburg, 10 JC.
Electric Tramways as shown on the Plan. — Automobile
Omnibus from the Karls-Platz (PL B, 3) to Belvedere (V4 hr. : .30 pf .) ;
to the Ettersburg (25 min. ; 50 pf.).
Theatre (PL B, 4), witli performances worthy of its reputation
(balcony 3V2-IV2) stalls 3V2-4, parquet 3-31/2 o^)- The interior is shown
to visitors at 10 a.m. and 2, 3, & 4 p.m. (during the season at 3 & 4 onlv ;
I hr. ; fee 50 pf.).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL B, 3), Karls-Platz 7.
English Church (St. Michael and All Angels: beyond PL A, 4, 5);
chaplain. Rev. E. B. Tanqiieray, B.A., Garten-Str. 27; service at 8 and
II a.m. and 5.30 p.m.
Strangers' Enquiry Office^ Schiller-Str. 4 (PL B, 4).
272 Euv.te 41. WEIMAR. Museum.
TFermar (795 ft.), the capital of tlie grand-ducliy of Saxe-^Vei-
mar, witli 31.800 iuliab., au irregularly-built old town with modern
suburbs, pleasantly situated on the Ilm (a tributary of the Saale),
derives its principal interest from the literary associations connected
with it. By the invitation of Duke Charles Augustus (d. 1828), a
liberal patron of literature. Guefhe resided here in an official capa-
city (latterly as minister) during 56 years till his death in 1832.
His contemporaries Herder and Wieland also held appointments
here under the Duke, durinof whose reio^n Weimar was visited bv
many other celebrated men of letters. In 1789 Schiller, at Goethe's
request, was appointed a professor at the university of Jena, but
he resigned in 1799 and retired to Weimar, where he died in 1805.
"Weimar is the seat of a school of art fp. 276), founded in 1860 by
Grand-Duke Charles Alexander. It has been the headquarters of the German
Shakespeare Society since 1864. and of the Goethe Society since 1885.
From the Bailway Station (PI. B. C. 1), the wide Sophien-
Strasse leads into the town. On the right, in the Watzdorf-Platz,
stands a War Moninnent (PL 7), by Hartel (1878).
The *Museuni 'PI. B, 2), a red and yellow sandstone edifice
in the Renaissance style, was erected by Zitek in 1863-68 (open
from April 16th to Oct. loth daily, except Mon.. 10-4. on Sun. and
holidays 11-4: from Oct. 16th to April 15th on Sun. 11-3, on Wed.
and Thurs. 10-3: on Sun. and Wed. free, at other times 50 pf.i.
Strangers are admitted at any time for 50 pf. (bell at rear entrance).
Groo'd Floor. A niche in the staircase contains C. Steinhdnser' 8
colossal group of Goethe and Psyche in marble (from a sketch by Bettina
von Arnim).
First Floor. In the Vestibule are busts of Friedrieh Preller (see
below.) and Lucas Cranach the Younger by Donndorf. In front of us is
the Schwind Gallery, containing (to the left and right of the entrance)
a cycle of water-colour drawings by Morltz von Schicind (1804-71),
illustrating the fable of the 'Seven Ravens' (1857) and also drawings by
the same artist : to the right of the entrance are some interiors by Fr. G.
Keratiug and a landscape by Caspar David Friedrieh (Rainbow in Rligen).
On the window-side are busts by Klauer. — In the Corner Room are
plaster casts after Michael Angelo. — Room I: Lucas Cranach the Elder,
Frederick the Wise : Holbein the Younger, Portrait of an English Ec-
clesiastic; Ditrer. Hans and Felicitas Tucher (1499). — Room II: Lucas
Cranach the Elder, Luther, his wife, and other portraits. — Adjacent,
to the right, is a room lighted from the ceiling: W. van de Velde, Sea-
piece: Ant. JIaron. Winekelmann (1768); Graff", Elisabeth Christine of
Prussia: Jlenzel. ^Meeting of Frederick the Great with Emperor Joseph II.
at Xeisse in 1769. — We now return through R. II to Room III: J. and
S. van Piuysdael, Landscapes: W. van de Velde, Sea-pieces.. — In the
Corner Room are plaster casts. — We now reach the Preller Gallery,
which contains a cycle of *Mural Paintings from the Odyssey by Fried.
Preller (1804-78). The 16 large landscape-paintings depict the most im-
l)ortant events in the wanderings of Ulysses and his return to Ithaca ; the
pictures on the base (black figures on a red ground) represent scenes at
Ithaca before and after his return. They are painted in wax-colours
(description, 30 pf.). In the Corner Room are sculptures by Klauer. —
Room IV : Bemhrandt. Portrait of limself (1643), and other Dutch paintings.
— RoomT: Anton Graff. Portraits of Corona Schroter. the singer, Gellert,
and others. — The adjoining Room (lighted from the ceiling) contains
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larger works of tlie Netlierlaiulish and Venetian schools. -- Room VI:
Liofard, Pastel Portraits. — We now rctnrn througli the Corner Room,
containing a few sculptures, and the Schwind Gallery, to the staircase.
To the 8. of tlie Museum, in the Karl-August-Platz, is the Vi-
maria Fountain (PI. 18), by Hiirtel. — On tlie outside of the S.
wall of the Ckurch of Sf. James (PI. B, 3) is a copy of the tomb-
stone of Lucas Cranach the Elder (see below). In the lawn oppo-
site is the grave of Christiane Yulpius (d. 1816), Goethe's wife. —
At the N. end of the Karls-Platz is the MHsetnn of Art & Industry
(PI. B, 3; adm. 10-4, 50 pf.), including a collection of Thuringian
porcelain. — In the Karls-Platz is an Equestrian Statue of Grand
Duke Charles Alexander (d. 1901; PL K. A.) by Briitt (1907).
In the centre of the old town, in the Herder-Platz, rises the
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul, or Stadt-Kirche (PL C,
3j, begun in 1498 and rebuilt in 1735 (sacristan, Herdcr-Platz 11;
1 pers. 50 pf., each addit. pers. 25 pf.).
The *Altar Piece, begun (1552) by the elder Cranach and completed by
his son, is a Crucifixion, containing portraits of Luther and the artist, etc.
The lifesize stone figure of L. Cranach the Elder (d. 1553) was brought
hither from the churcliyard of 8t. James (see above) and has been restored.
Herder (d. 1803) reposes near the organ, beneath a simple slab, bearing his
motto 'Lichi, Liebe,Leben\ Numerous princes of Weimar are interred here,
among them Duke Bernard (16'S9), the celebrated leader in the Thirty Years^'
War, Diicheas Anna Amalia (d. 1807), Electoi' John Frederick the Maynan-
imous, 'ATvii Electress Margarete (d.l521; brass from the studio of P.Vischer).
In front of the church, to the S., stands a Bronze Statue of
Herder (PL 5), by Schaller (1850). Behind the church is the Par-
sonage (PL 13), occupied by Herder from 1776 till his death.
To the E. of the Stadt-Kirche rises the grand-ducal *Palace
(Residenzschloss; PL C, 4), erected in 1790-1803, partly under
Goethe's superintendence. It is open daily 8-12 & 2-6 (in winter 10-12
& 2-4); fee (for each wing) 1-2 pers. 1 c^, 3 or more pers. each 50 pf.
The W. Wing (entrance in the court-yard, to the left) is decorated
with Frescoes: in the 'Herder-Zimmer' symbolical figures of that scholar's
various spheres of activity, by Jdger ; in the Schiller-Zimmer and the
GoETHE-ZiMMER sccncs from the works of these poets, by Neher ; in the
Wieland-Zimmer, similar scenes, etc., by Preller. — The Private Apart-
ments in the E. Wing are accessible as above in the absence of the
ducal family. They contain drawings of the heads of the Apostles in
Leonardo da VincVs Last Supper, studies after Leonardo. There are
also interesting works by Perugino, Blbera, and by a Pitpil of Leonardo
da Vinci (*Madonna with SS. Rochus and Sebastian). On the second floor
is a valuable collection of early drawings.
To the N.E. of the Palace, on the other side of the Ilm, stands
the building (PL C, D, 3), completed in 1896, for the safe-keeping
of the Goethe and Schiller Archives (adm. daily, except Sun.,
10-12, 1 ^, and 12-1, 50 pL; on Frid., 10-1, free). "^
In the vestibule are busts of Schiller and Goethe (by Bumpf) and
of the Grand-Duchess Sophie and Grand-Duke Alexander (by Donndorf).
— The Archives contain the MSS. left behind by Goethe and Schiller;
the former bequeathed in 1885 by Walther von Goethe (p. 274) to the
Grand-Duchess Sophia (d. 1897), the latter presented in 1889 by Schiller's
grandson. Baron Louis of Gleichen-Russwurm (d. 1901). Tlie institution
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 18
274 Isolde 41. ^^TEIMAR. Library.
has also acquired by purchase or gift the literary remains of Herder,
Wieland, Morike, Immermann, Hebbel, Freiligrath, Otto Ludicig, and
others : and is the present depositary of those of Fritz Renter, Interest-
ing MSS. are exhibited in the show-cases in the three main rooms.
In the Fiirsten-Platz PI. C. 4i. to the S. of the Palace, is an
Equestrian Statue of Charles Augustus iPl. 6). by Donndorf (1875),
behind which is the Fiirstenhaus. the residence of the dukes before
the erection of the new palace (1774-1803).
The grand-ducal ^Library (PL 2), in the 'Griine Schloss' on
the E. side of the Fiirsten-Platz, is open daily, except Sun., 9-2
and 3-6 (fee 1 t.//, for a party 50 pf. each).
It contains 270,000 vols, and 8000 maps, amongst which are two cel-
ebrated old maps of America (1527 and 1529,, drawn on a large scale
upon parchment. — The principal room is decorated with a number of
interesting busts and portraits of celebrated men and women, most of
whom have resided at TN'eimar. including a colossal marble bust of Goethe
by David d' Angers {1831}. and another marble =^Bust by Trippel of 1788.
representing his Apollo-like head: also busts oi Schiller (by Dannecker},
Herder (by Trippel;. Tieck. Wieland (by Schadow), Winckelmann, Gluck,
Xapoleon '(1806:, etc. — The Cabinet of Coins and Medals is a valuable
collection. — The spiral staircase of 64 steps in the tower was constructed
by a prisoner in 1671 out of the trunk of a gigantic oak.
To the S., in the Ackerwand, is a Greek Church, formerly the
house of Frau von Stein, Goethe's friend (PL C, 4).
In the market-place is the modern-Gothic Bathaus (PL C, 4).
The opposite house (PL 12: Xo. 11) was once occupied by the
painters Lucas Cranach, the older and younger, as their device
( winged serpent with crownj still indicates. — In front of the Law
Courts (PL B, 4) is the Donndorf Fountain.
Schiller's House (PL B, C, 4), Xo. 12 Schiller-Strasse, has
been purchased by the town. Schiller's sitting-room i where he also
died) retains its original fitting-up (shown daily, 9-1 and 2-6, in
winter 9-1 and 2-4: on Sun. & holidays 9-1 only; adm. 50 pf.).
In front of the Theatre PL B, 4^: see p. 271), rebuilt in 1907,
rises the - Goethe- Schiller Monument (PL 4), in bronze, an ad-
mirable group designed by Rietschel (1875). — Opposite is the
Dower House (Witt urn- Palais ; PL 19), the home of the Duchess
Anna Amalia ^d. 1807), containing numerous portraits and other
interesting reminiscences of AVeimar's classic period (apply to the
keeper in the court: 50 pf.).
^Goethe's House (PLC, 5), in the Goethe-Platz (Xo. 2), was
built in 1709, presented to the great poet by Duke Charles Augustus,
and occupied by him for 40 years. It was bequeathed in 1885 to
the state, with its contents, by^alther von Goethe, the poet's last
grandson, and opened as the Goethe Xatioxal Mfseusi. In 1908
the rooms were restored as far as possible to their condition during
Goethe's life-time. Adm. in summer daily, 11-4: in winter Sun.
& Wed., 11-3 (fee 1 ^//:, on Sun. 50 pf.i: at other times by ticket ob-
tained at the shop, Frauen-Tor-Str. 13.
FursUmgrnft. WEIMAR. 41. Route. 275
First Floor. The spacious staircase, })iiilt in 1792 from a design
by Goethe, leads to the Yellow or Dining Room, witli some Italian
majolica and ten coloured engravings hy Dorigny after Raphael's frescoes
in the Villa Farnesina. — To the left of the Yellow Room is the Juno
Room, Goethe's reception room, with a cast of the Juno Ludovisi, a copy
of the Aldobrandine Nuptials by H. Meyer, a portrait of Zelter by K. Begas,
Italian drawings, copies of Raphael, and a piano once used by the youth-
ful Mendelssohn. — The next room, known as the Urbino Room (so
called after a portrait of the Duke of Urbino), contains Goethe's col-
lection of paintings, with a portrait of himself by KrcfMSS (1775). — On
the other side of the Yellow Room is the so-called Deckenzimmer, with a
selection of valuable drawings^ fP. Fischer the Younger, Rubens, Bloemaert,
De Wit, Angelica Kauffniann). — Next come two rooms containing
Goethe's art-collections proper: the Majolica Room and the Collection
Room (at the back), with the cabinets and bookcases as in Goethe's time.
To the S. of the Yellow Room are the Bust Room, with busts and casts,
and the Garden Room, with large silhouettes. The latter affords a view
of the Garden, which is also maintained as far as possible in its old
condition. — At the back of the house are Goethe's simple Study and
Bedroom, arranged exactly as on the day of his death (Mar. 22nd, 1832),
which took place in the large arm-chair in the latter room.
Upper Floor. Room I. Goethe's natural history collections. —
R. II. Portraits of Goethe's parents, relatives, and Lavater. — ■ R. III.
Portraits of Weimar notabilities ; drawings by Goethe ; portrait of Goethe
by Angelica Kauffmann; bust by Klauer (ca. 1780). — R. IV. Portraits
of Christiane Vulpius, Karl August (by Kolbe), Schiller (by Graff), etc. ;
drawings made by Goethe in Italy. On the staircase, orders, souvenirs,
and presents. — R. V. Portraits of Goethe by Kolbe, Jagenumn, Jtdie
von Egloffstein, and Schiverdtgebu7'th. In the cases are Schadow^s mask
of Goethe in 1816 (the most faithful portrait of the poet at an advanced
age), Sebbers^s beautiful miniature of Goethe on a cup (1826), porcelain,
and medals. — R. VI. Portraits of the daughter in-law, grandchildren,
and friends of Goethe.
Farther on, near the former Franen-Tor, is a bronze Statue of
Wieland (PL 8; B, 5), by G-asser, erected in 1857.
The Donndo7^f Museum (PL 10; B, 5) contains models of the
works of this sculptor, who was born at Weimar in 1835 (open free
on Wed. & Sun., 11-1; at other times 1-2 pers. 50 pf.). Adjacent
is the Exhibition of the Thuringian Art Union (adni. 20-30 pf .).
The Cemetery (PL B, 5, 6; entr. marked E on Plan), on the S.
side of the town, contains the Fiirstengruft, or Grand Ducal
Vaidt (open from May 1st to Sept. 30th, 10-12 and 3-5, fee 50 pf.;
when closed, apply to the Schlossverwalter or castellan in the grand-
ducal palace, fee 50 pf.), in which Schiller (d. 1805) and Goethe
(d. 1832) are interred in coffins of oak covered with laurel-wreaths,
beside the ancestors of the reigning Duke, beginning with Duke
William (d. 1662). Eckermann(d. 1854) andMme. von Stein (portrait-
medallion by Donndorf , 1 908) both lie in the cemetery (graves marked
E. and St. on Plan). — About 1/2 M- to the N.W. of the cemetery
(beyond PL A, 4, 5) lies the English Church (p. 271), built in 1899.
To the W. of the cemetery is the Felsenkeller (PL A, 6 ; excellent
view). Farther to the S.W. (Luisen-Str. 36) is the house where the
philosopher F. W. Nietzsche (1844-1900) died; it contains the
Nietzsche archives (no admission). — At No. 11 Luisen-Str. is the
18*
276 P^o"te 41. WEIMAR. Park.
Natural History Museum (PI. B, 5: open 2-5, adm. 50 pf., free on
Sun.. 11-2 1, containing also antiquarian and etlinograpliical collec-
tions. — To the E. is the Grand-Ducal School of Art (Kunst-
Schnle, PL 15; p. 272). Adjoining it is the Ehrensaal, a collection
of modern pictures and sculptures (open free on Sun., 12-2; at other
times on application to the keeper of the School of Art). — In the
3Iarien-Str. is the Liszt Museum '^shown on application: adm. 50 pf. i.
in the house (PL C, 5; last occupied by Franz Liszt id. 1886).
The *Park (PL D, 2-6) lies to the S.E.. on the charming banks
of the Ilm. where Goethe once occupied a modest summer-abode,
called the Garten-Haus (PL D, 5 ; 25 pf.). — By the bridge, on
this side of the Ilm. is the Borkenhauschen or Klause (PL 3), built
by Goethe in 1778. A Statue of Shakespeare (PL S.-D.), by
0. Le'ssing, was erected here in 1904. Xear it are the so-called
Ruine and, higher up, a pavilion called the Tempelherrenhaus
(PL 17j. Farther to the S. are the monument erected by Goethe
'genio hujus loci' i^Pl. 9), a marble Statue of Liszt (PL L.-D.i by
Hahn tl902i, and a monument erected by Goethe to Francis, Duke
of Dessau. At the S. extremity of the park is the Romische Haus
(PL D, 6), built by Charles Augustus (no admission). The verses
inscribed on the rock behind the house are by Goethe. — A fine old
avenue (PL C, 5, 6; omn.. p. 271) skirts the W. side of the park, via
the pleasure-resort of Falkenhurg (tramway, see p. 271) to (3 M.)
the Belvedere chateau (adm. 50 pf.), built in 1724-32, with hot-
houses and pleasure-grounds (restaurant and pretty view). The
open-air theatre here is still preserved.
The chateau and park of Tiefurt (see Map. p. 273}, once the summer-
residence of the Duchess Anna Amalia. on the Ilm, 2 M. to the E. of
"Weimar, are also pleasantly situated. The old arrangement of the interior
is preserved (adm. 50 pf.). In the dining-room is some Fiirstenberg
porcelain fp. 67j of 1760-80. — At the village of Ossmannstedt, on the Ilm,
farther distant in the same direction, Wieland (d. 1813) is interred in the
garden of his former estate, by the side of his wife (d. 1801) and his
friend Sophia Brentano {d. 1800).
Ettersburg, 4^ 2 M. to the X. of "Weimar, the summer-residence of
the Grand-Duke . also abounds in reminiscences of the golden era of
TTeimar (omn. & carr. . see p. 271). An amateur company, including
members of the ducal family, frequently performed here in the open
air. the trees, meadows, and fountains constituting the scenery and
decorations. Plays of ''-pethe were often thus acted. The way to the
Ett3rsburg passes the ..erd^rsi'uhe, a favourite resort of Herder. On
the S. side of the wood is a Bismarclc Tower, 130 ft. in height (view;.
From Weimar to Blaxkexhaix. IS^g M., railway in IV2 hr. — 12 M.
Berka (910 ft.: Deutscher Kaiser; Thuringer Hof), a small town
(2160 inhab.) and watering-place on the Ilm. with pine-cone. sand, and
cold-water baths. — 151/2 M. Blankenhain (1320 ft.: Bar: Kaiser
Friedrich). a favourite summer-retreat (3500 inhab.) and small watering-
place. The old Schloss is now a hospital and lunatic asylum.
From Weimar to Gera. 43 M., railwav in IV2-2 hrs. — 14 M. Jena
(p. 268): 17 M. Goschwitz fp. 270). — 43 M. Gera, see p. 260.
A light railway runs in 2 hrs. from Weimar to (23 M.) Rastenherg
(1015 ft.: Kurhaus,* R. l-2i;2. pens. 3V2-5 .^;} ^vith a chalybeate spring.
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Geosra-Dli An.stalt
277
42. Gotha.
Hotels. In the town: Wunscher's (PI. a; C, 3), with garden, R.
from 21/2, B. 1, D. 2y.^^/C, good; Deutscher Hof (PL b; C, 3), R. 1V2-J>
B. 1, D. lV-2-2V> '-'^^ "^^'ith restaurant and cafe; Stadt Cobukg (PI. c; D, 4);
Prophet (PL e; B, 3), R. IV4-2, B. ^U, D. VU-2 JC; Mahr (PL f ; C, 3).
At the station: Herzog Ernst (PL d ; D, G), R. 21/2-3, D. 2-21/2^, good;
Lange (PL g; D, 6) ; Kaiser Friedrich (PL h; D, 6). — Pensio7i Seyf'artJi,
Lindcnau-Allec 20 (PL B, 4, 5), pens. 4-5 JC.
Restaurants. Bail. Restaurant; Park- Pavilion (PL B, 5), Park-
AUee 3, D. IV2 ^Z Bayrisches Bierhaus, Karolinen-Platz 1 (PL C, 4);
Walther, Schwabliauser-Str. 47 (PLC, 4), near the theatre. — Wine: Bohm,
Luther-Str. 5 (PL B, 3). — Caf6. Leidel, Erfurter-Str. 14 (PL C, 3).
Cab from the station to the town, 1 pers. 75, each additional pers.
25 pf., at night 50 pf. extra; box 20 pf. — Hotel-omnibuses at the station.
There are also taximeter cabs.
Electric Tramway from the Rail. Station (PL D, 6) through the town.
Post «fe Telegraph Office (PL C, 4), Theater-Platz.
Theatre (PL C, 3). Performances in Jan. -April only. — Totvn Baths
(PL A, 3), Werder-Str.
English Church in the Tee-Schldssc7ie7i (PL C, 5 ; p. 279). Chaplain,
Bev. Dr. Macintosh, B.A.; services at 11 a.m. & 5.30 (in summer 6) p.m.
Gotha (985 ft.), the second residence of the Duke of Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha, with 37,000 inhab., is a pleasant place with attract-
ive environs.
The prosperity of the town dates mainly from the time of Ernest
the Pious (1640-75), who did much for its material and spiritual advance-
ment. In the 18th cent, it took a lively share in the intellectual move-
ment of which Weimar was the centre. In 1817 E.W. Arnoldi (1778-1841)
founded here the tirst Commercial School of Germany, in 1821 a fire in-
surance office, and in 1727 the largest life assurance office in the country.
The well-known geographical establishment of Justus Perthes (PL D, 4)
was founded in 1785.
In the Bahnhof-Strasse (PL D, 6, 5), leading from the station
into the town, we pass several handsome buildings, including, on
the right, the Gotha Life Insurance Office (No. 3a), by Eelbo.
The Friedrich-Platz contains a bronze Statue of Bismarck (PL B-D;
D, 5), by Schilling (1901); to the right is the former Palace of
Duke Ernest II., to the left the Ducal Stables (PL 7).
The Bahnhof-Str. is continued by the Friedrich-Strasse (PL C,
D, 4, 5), in which, to the right, is the Palais Friedrichstal, now
occupied by the ministry. Opposite is the Orangerie, with its ex-
tensive hot-houses. Farther on are the Masonic Lodge (PL 5; r.),
the Privat-Bank (PL 8; L), and the Court Theatre (PL C, 3; L).
The Rathaus (1574; restored 1898), in the Haupt-Markt
(PL B, 4), has a fine N. portal in the early-Renaissance style. The
house (No. 17) in the S.E. corner of the square was once the pro-
perty of Lucas Cranach., and still bears his device (comp. p. 274).
— The cloisters of the old Augustine Convent (PL B, 4), founded
in 1258, are still extant.
On a slight eminence rises the extensive Friedenstein Palace
(PL B, C, 4, 5), built in 1643-54, and in 1894 once more made the
278 Boide 42. GOTH A. Museum.
ducal residence by the late Duke of Saxe-Gotha fDuke of Edinburgh).
The castellan (fee; lives in the court, to the right (adm. 50 pf.).
The rooms in the W. wiug contain a few pictures, tapestry, Dresden
china, etc. In the tower is the Theatre (first floor). The Throne Boom.,
adorned with stucco work of 1687, and the apartments of the duke are
in the central building. In the tower are the Library (open daily, 10-1),
VN-hich contains 188.000 vols.. 1900 incunabula, 7000 Oriental and other
MSS., and numerous autographs (especially of the Reformation period);
and the Cabinet of Coins (80.000 in number: numerous Greek and Roman
specimens, medals, etc.).
On the terrace to the S. rises the ^Museum (PI. C, 5;; entr.
on the S. side. It is open from 1st April to 31st Oct. on Mon., Tues.,
&Frid., 10-1, 50 pf.; Sun. 8-1, gratis; AVed., first floor, 10-1, free;
Sat., second floor, 10-1, free; closed on Thurs.; in winter, AVed. and
Sat. 10-1, 50 pf.; on other occasions, 1-5 pers., 5 ^.
Ground Floor. To the left is the Collection of Casts of ancient
and modern sculptures ; also busts by Houdon of Moliere, Yoltaire,
Rousseau. Diderot, and Franklin. To the right is the Jlineral Cabinet,
with numerous fossils.
First Floor. This contains the other Natural History Collections.
Seco:^d Floor. The four inner rooms are devoted to the Picture
Gallery (catalogue, 50 pf.). — Room I: Xetherlandish Masters. To the
left. 8. Sir A. More, Portrait : Biibens, 37. St. Augustine. 36. St. Gregory
(sketches); 84. Teniers. Flemish fair;' *109, *108. Fr. Hals, Portraits';
35. Bubens, St. Athanasius : 70. Tan Dyck, Portraits; 34. Bubens, St.
Basil; 69. Van Dyck, Isabella Brant. Rubens's first wife. — Room II:
Xetherlandish School. To the left, 145. HucTitenburgh , Louis XIY.
crossing the Pont Xeuf in Paris; *295. Terburg, The letter; 183. Nic.
Maes. Old woman: below. 181. Bembrojidt, Portrait of himself (1629);
*240. G. Don. AVomau spinning; 238. Van Goyen, Landscape; 199. Van
der Xeer , Evening scene; 192. Th. de Keyser , Patrician family; 270.
Palamedesz. Merry party; 239. Vaii Goyen, Landscape; 252. Jan Steen,
Tavern; 293. Ciiyp. Xymwegen. — We return through the domed room
to Room III: German and Italian works of the 15-16th centuries. To
the left. 508. Tintoretto (?:, Portrait; Cranach the Elder, 333. The Fall
and the Redemption. 331. Adoration of the Magi ; 341. Cranach the Younger,
Luther; 309. A. Diirer , John the Constant. In the middle: 313, 314.
Large screen with scenes from the Xew Testament, by a South Grerman
master of the 16th century. — Room lY: German, French, and Italian
Masters of the 17 -18th centuries; 529. Guido Beni, Ecce Homo; 467.
Graff. Ekhof. the actor.
Two of the outer rooms on the S. side contain the Cabinet of
Engravings 100. OOO;. Among the Drawings are specimens of Baphael
and Correggio. Original plate of Durers Melanchthon.
On the X. and W. sides is the Cabinet of Art and Antiquities. —
Room I. Egj'ptian antiquities. — R. II. Greek and Italian vases, Etruscan
pottery, Tanagra figurines, etc. — R. III. Ancient bronzes; gold orna-
ments ; ancient glass : prehistoric weapons and ornaments, mainly from
the vicinity of (jotha. — R. IV. Objects in gold, silver, ivory, amber,
crystal, and precious stones ; cups and dishes of the 16-18th centuries. —
R. Y. Ornaments and bijoux of all kinds, including a small German
*Breviary of 1570 . a hunting-knife of 1596 , with an agate handle , and
a bust of Louis XIY. in amethyst (on the wall); miniatures of the Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha princes and others. By the second window is a rich col-
lection of antique and modern gems.' the finest of which is an antique
onyx-cameo with Jupiter and Ceres. The cases in the loggia contain
the ducal silver-plate, including a fine table-set by Jamnitzer. — R. YI.
Bottger's porcelain (see p. 201), Italian majolica,' German earthenware,
I
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Practical Notes. EISENACH. ^5- Route. 279
Dresden and Sevres china ; in the middle, *Majolica Disli with mother-of-
pearl, by Palissy. — R. VII. Map of Germany on lithograpliic stone (1604);
astrolabium from Augsburg (1568): wooden statuettes of Adam and Eve,
ascribed to Conrad Meitto ; weapons. In one of the glass-cases, *Gospels
of the 10th cent, with portraits of Otho III. and Empress Theophano.
On the E. and S. sides are the Ethnographical Collectioiis.
On the W., S., and E. sides of the palace are extensive Prome-
nades. In a grove on the E. side are the TeE-Schlosschen (PI. C, 5),
now used as the English Church (p. 277), and a monument to
Blumejibachy the naturalist, a native of Gotha (1752-1840). To
the S., beyond the terrace of the Museum, is the *Park, with a
pond, on an island in which is an old ducal burial-place. — Pleasant
walks may be taken to the Berg-Garten (view), 2 M. to the N.W.,
and to the Kleine Seeherg, 2 M. to the S.E.
43. Eisenach and Environs.
Hotels (in summer advisable to engage rooms in advance). *Rauten-
KRANZ (PI. a ; D, 1), an old-established house, R. 3-8, B. IV4, D. (1 p.m.) 3-4.^ ;
*KuRHAus FiJRSTENHOF (PI. p; E, 3), with concert -garden and view of
the Wartburg, R. 2V2-IO, B. IV4, D. 3-4, pens. 71/2- 15 J^ ; *Kaiserhof
(PI. n; E, 1), R. 21/2-0, D- 3, pens. 7-10 J6; *Grossherzog von Sachsen
(PI. b; F, 1), with garden and dependance ; Goldener Lowe (PL c ; E, 3),
with garden and restaurant, R. from 2, D. (1 p.m.) 21/2^, closed in winter. —
Zimmermann (PL e ; E, 1), with garden, R. 1^/4-3, D. l^j^JC; Waldhaus
(PL i; F, 1), R. from 13/^, D. 2i/., JC; Thuringer Hof (PL d; E, 1), R. 2-4,
D. 2-3^; Reichskanzler (PL^f; E, 1), R. IV2-2V4J D- 1V2-^; Junker
JoRG (PL 0; D, 2), in a lofty situation, R. IV2-3V2, pens, from 5 JC;
Erbprinz (Pl.k; C, D, 1), R. ly^-^J^; Kronprinz (PL g ; E, 1), R. 11/2-3^^;
WoLFSscHLUCHT (PL 1; E, 1), with good restaurant, R. 1^12-^, i>' 1^/4-
21/2 c^. — Outside the town, in the Marien-Tal: *Elisabethenruhe
(Pl.ra;D, 4), with belvedere, R. 2-4, pens. 6-8 JC: Berg-Hotel Marien-
hohe (PL s; D, 4), with concert-garden, R. from 2, D. S ^. — Inn at
the Warthurg, see p. 281. — Kuranstalt Hainstein (PL C, D, 3; p. 281),
R. from 2, board 5-71/2 «^-
Restaurants. In addition to the above hotels : Railway Restaurant
(D. I'^I^JC); Ddc?ie, Alexander-Str. 59; Saal, Goldschmieden-Str. 7; Der
Rodeiisteiner, next door to the Hotel Rautenkranz (see above). — Cafe Hess,
at the corner of the Frauenberg and Philosophenweg. — Confectioner:
Rothschuh, E. side of the Johannis-Platz.
Cabs. Per drive within the town, 1 pers, 50, 2 pers. 75 pf., 3 pers.
1 c^, 4 pers. l^UJC (9-12 p.m. and 5-6 a.m. half as much again, 12-5 a.m.
double fares). In the town and the environs, per 1/2 hr. 1, I1/2, 2, 21/2 JC;
1 hr. 2, 21/2, 3, 31/2 JC. One-horse carr. to the Warthurg and return (in
2 hrs.) 5, with two horses 7 Ji\ the Warthurg, Anna-Tal, and Hohe Sonne
and back in 31/2 hrs., 81/2 and IV^j^JC; the same, inQluamgWilhelmstal,
within 41/2 hrs., 10 and 14 1^; Biihla via Thai 8 and 10 Ji (41/2 hrs.), via Hohe
Sonne (51/2 hrs.) IO1/2 and Vd^j^JC; for each additional hr. of waiting l^j^^.
Electric Tramways from the Railwa.y Station (PL F, 1) through the
Marien-Tal to the (2 M.) A7ina-Tal (17min.; 10 pf.), via the Karls-Platz
(3 min.), Warthurg Chaussee (8 min.), and Sophienau (13 min.).
Post Sl Telegraph Office (PL D, l), in the market-place. — Baths.
Johannishad, in the Johannis-Tal, with hydropathic ; Sophienhad, Frauen-
berg 33, with swimming-bath. — Concerts in the Kurhaus FUrstenhof
(see above).
English Church in the Dlakonissen-Kapelle. Chaplain, Rev.
Dr. Macintosh, Gotha (p. 277); services on first Sunday of month, 3.30 p.m.
280 P^ouie 43. EISEXACH. 3Tarien-Tal.
The small maps of the ThUringer Wald-Verein (30 and 50 pf.) give
a key to the marks on the trees in the various paths in the vicinity.
The Excursion (described below) from Eisenach to the Wartburg,
Anna-Tal. Hohe Sonne. Drachenstein. and Landgrafen-Schlucht. and thence
back to Eisenach by electric tramway takes about 5 hrs., including halts.
Eisenach (725 ft.), a pleasant town with 37,800 inhab., one of
the finest points in the Thuringian Forest and from 1595 to 1742
the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Eisenach. now belongs to Weimar.
The heights to the S. of the town are studded with villas.
In the Karls-Platz (PI. E, 1), at the entrance to the town from
the station, is the Church of St. Nicholas, a late -Romanesque
structure, with an octagonal tower, restored in 1887 and adorned
with painting in 1894 /'open free, 11-1). In front of the church is
a '^Statue of Luther (PL 3i, by Donndorf (1895). — The Johannis-
Strasse (tramwayi here diverges to the S.W. towards the Marien-
Tal. while the Karl-Str. runs W. to the —
Market Place (PI. D. 1), on the X. side of which is the Palace,
erected by Duke Ernest Augustus of Weimar in 1745 (open 10-12
& 2-5; 50 pf.j. In front of the late-Gothic Markt-Kirche rises a
large fountain, with a gilt statue of St. George (1789), while on
the W. is a bronze Statue of Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750;,
by Donndorf. Farther on, in the Luther-Platz (Xo. 8), is the Luther-
haus, where Luther lived with Frau L^rsula Cotta when attending
school here in 1498. — At Frauen-Plan 21 is the house (PL D, E, 2)
in which Bach (see above; was born, containing the Bach Museum
(open on week-days in summer 10-12 & 5-7, Sun. 11-1, 50 pf. ; at
other times 1 c^).
To the W. of the Market Place is the Gymnasium (PL C, D, 1),
containing the Thuringian Museum of Antiquities (open in summer
10.30-12.30, fee 50 pf.: or on application at Prediger-Platz 4),
which includes ecclesiastical vessels in enamelled copper (13th cent.),
Thuringian porcelain (18th cent.), costumes, and coins. — To the
E. is a Statue of BismarcJ: 'PL 2; E, 1), by Donndorf.
At the S. end of the town, at the beginning of the Mariex-Tal
(PL C, D. 4), through which run the road (tramway, see p. 279) and
the footpath to the Hohe Sonne, lies the grand -ducal "^Karthaus-
Garten (PL E, 3), commanding a pleasing view of the Wartburg
(best light in the morning i. Farther to the E., on the Gopelskuppe
(V4 hr.), is the Burschenschafts-Denhnal (bey. PL F, 3; adm.
25 pf.), a round temple from Kreis's designs (1902) in memory of
the German students who fell in the war of 1870, commanding a
beautiful view of Eisenach and the Wartburg. — Farther on, to
the left, is a footpath to the Johannis-Tal; to the right, on the
broad footpath to the Wartburg (see p. 281), is a villa occupied by
Fritz JReuter, the Low-German poet (d. 1874), which now contains
memorials of the poet and a 'Richard Wagner Museum' (9-12 and
2-6: 1 ^/ : the Renter Room alone 50 pf.). At the u^rzte-Denkmal,
^ Eisenach
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. Warthurg. EISENACH. 43. Route. 281
an obelisk commemorating the foundation of the German Medical
Association, the Wartburg-Chaussee (see below) ascends to the
right. A pleasant walk skirts the Prinzenteich (PL B, 4; to the
Anna-Tal, IV2 M., seep. 282).
The Waktburg may be reached either by the steep Schlossberg
route (see PI. C, 2); or by the picturesque footpath passing Fritz
Renter's villa, at the foot of the Hainstein (on the top is the Knr-
anstalt Hainstein, p. 279); or by the Wartburg-Chaussee, a car-
riage-road diverging from the road to the Hohe Sonne (p. 280;
carriages stop a little way below the castle; donkey for the final
ascent 50 pf.).
The *Wartburg (1345 ft. above the sea -level, 615 ft. above
Eisenach), probably fo^inded by Lewis the Springer in 1070, was
once occupied by the Landgraves of Thuringia, and is now the oc-
casional residence of the Grand-Duke of Weimar. It is one of the
finest early mediaeval secular buildings existing, and in 1838-67
was restored in its original shape and appropriately decorated by
the architect H. von Ritgen. — At the entrance is a Hotel-Restau-
rant (R. 2^/2, B. 3/4, D. 2, pens, b ^ ; fine view from the platform),
where tickets of admission to the castle are obtained (50 pf. ; parties
every ^g ^r. ; morning the best time).
A pretty view of the Wartbiirg is obtained from the top of the rampart
(to the left of the Biirgtor). — The Vorburg consists of the Romanesque
Gate Toicer,W\c Gothic Ritterhaus, the Vogtei or SteicarcVs Office (16th cent.),
and the corridors (of the same period). We traverse these and the entirely
modern (19th cent.) Mittelburg (Dirnitz, Torhalle, Hauptturm, Kemenate),
and so reach the court of the Hauptburg. This contains the oldest part
of the castle, the late-Romanesque Landgrafenhaiis or Palas (apartments
of the Landgraves), lighted by three rows of tasteful arched windows.
The staircase-portico, the cornice on the roof, and the bath-house on the S.
side are modern. The 'Hintere Bergfried', dating from the Grothic period,
and the equally ancient cistern are at the S. end of the court; to the
right are the new guest-house (Gaclem) and the governor's garden. — The
object of the restoration has been to present to us 'a faithful picture
of the condition of the castle in the 12th cent., its most glorious era, when
it was occupied by tlie art-loving Landgraves and was the scene of the
contests of the greatest mediseval German poets : where, too, Martin Luther,
at the beginning of the 16th cent., found an asylum, and where the
mighty struggle for religious liberty took its rise'.
Interesting reminiscences of the Reformer, who was intercepted on
his return from Worms and conducted hither by his friend the Elector
Frederick the Wise, are still preserved in the Ritterhaus in the Vorburg.
A room, which has undergone little alteration, is shown in the Vogtei,
containing Lutlier's table, footstool, bookcase, letters, portrait, and other
memorials, where the great Reformer, as 'Junker Georg', zealously worked
at his translation of the Bible from 4th May, 1521, to 6th March, 1522.
In the Landgrafenhaus we first visit Wm Landgrafenzi)nme7',\\'\\\Q\\
is embellished with seven *Frescoes by Moritz von Schivind (1856), re-
presenting scenes from the history of the first Landgraves. The Sdngcr-
saal, in which the traditional 'Sangerkrieg', or contest between the great
minstrels of Germany, is said to have taken place in 1207, contains a
mural painting by Schiuind representing that event (portraits of Wagner,
Kaulbach, Schwind, Liszt, etc.), while the raised platform is adorned
with arabesques and figures of the minstrels, with quotations from their
282 lioute 43. EISENACH. Anna-TaL
ballads, by Ritgen and Hofmann of Darmstadt. — The EJizahefh Gallery,
adorned with ^Frescoes by Schwind from the life of St. Elizabeth (1207-31),
daughter of Andreas II.* of Hungary, and wife of the Landgrave Louis
the Clement of Thuringia. and with the Seven Works of Mercy, next
leads us to the effectively restored Chapel, with ancient mural paintings
and stained glass. — On the third floor is the spacious Fest-Saal or
Bankett-Saal. in whose side-gallery the old arcades and columns are still
preserved, whereas the interior decorations, the ceiling, and the wood-
work are modern. The rich symbolical ornamentation (from designs by
Rittgen) was painted by Welter of Cologne. — On the groundfloor is
the Elizabeth Kenienate, decorated with beautiful mosaics from Oetken's
designs (1902 ; 20 pf.).
At the request of visitors they are allowed access to the small tower
at the S. end of the court, whence is obtained a splendid view of the
Thuringian Forest.
The X.,part of the Mittelburg, the so-called Dirxitz (servants- quarters)
contains a large Bilstka miner, with weapons and armour of the 12-1 7th cent.,
the 16th being admirably represented.
The Wartburg is also locally famous as the scene of the 'Burschen-
schaftsfest' of 18th Oct.. 1817, an enthusiastic festival celebrated by
students from every part of Germany.
From the Wartburg to the Axna-Tal (^^hr.r numerous
finger-posts). The path descends under the castle -bridge: after
5 min., to the right round the rocks; 4 min., finger-post indicating
the way (left) to the Eisenachei^ Burg (7 min. ; view of the S. side
of the Wartburg). The route to the Anna-Tal and the Hohe Sonne,
with which the paths to the Eisenacher Burg, the Waidmannsruh
(Li, and the EUashohle ir.i afterwards reunite, is indicated h\
finger-posts. Finally we follow the highroad.
The *Aima-Tal, 2 M. to the S. of Eisenach, is a very pictur-
esque wooded ravine. The narrowest part. 8 min. from the entrance,
is called the DrachenscMucht (220 yds. long, 3 ft. wide), the pre-
cipitous sides of which are clothed with moss and ferns, and mois-
tened with trickling water. — We may now either return from this
point, or proceed through the valley to the Hohe Sonne (see below).
A path to the left, near the entrance to the Anna-Tal. leads
(after a few paces to the right) into the *Landgrafenseh.lucht,
a picturesque ravine considerably wider than the Anna-Tal, which
leads to the 1 hr.; Drache/isfein (1520 ft.), where a fine views is
enjoyed.
The Hohe Sonne (1400 ft.), a foresters house, with rooms
and beer-gardeni, lies 3^ ^ ^^- fi'om Eisenach, on the top of a wooded
ridge at the point where the highroad intersects the Bennsfieg or
Bennweg (p. 289). It aflords a picturesque glimpse of the Wart-
burg. Close by is a very fair Hotel (R. 2-3, D. 21/4, pens. 5-7 JC).
About 1/3 M- to the E." of the Hohe Sonne is the "^Hirschstein, whence
we may go on via the Hochicald Grotto to the station of Wilhelrnstal,
built in the 17th cent, and enlarged by Duke Charles August in the
18th century. It stands in a delightful park. Close by is the Auerhahn
Hotel (R. i^j^-V^lo, pens. 4-41/2^; comp. p. 303j.
283
44. From Eisenach to Coburg and
Lichtenfels.
91: M. Railway in 23/^-11/^ his., to Coburg in 21/4-31/2 hrs. Best views
to the left.
Eisenach, see p. 279. Soon after quitting the station we obtain
a fine retrospect of the Wartburg. The train penetrates the N.W.
slopes of the Thiiringer Walcl by a tunnel ^/g M. in length. 9 M.
Marksuhl (958 ft.); 5 M. to the S.W. lies the small health-resort
of Frauensee (Kurhaus Buchonia), on the bank of a lake. — We
cross the Werra.
16Yc M. Salzungen (840 ft.; Kurhaus; Appold^ these two on
the lake"; Waltz, R. 2-21/2, C l^V^V^ -'^Z ^«^'^- Hotel, these two
near the station and the baths; Sdchsischer Hof\ R. 2-3, D. l^j^-
21/2 e^, in the town; Rail. Restaurant), a small town (4900 inhab.)
on the AVerra, possesses salt -springs and saline baths (both II/4-
11/2 M-; visitors' tax 10 ^). Near it is a small lake with a chateau
at the S. end and a park at the other.
The village of Mohra, 41/2 M. to the N". (carr. 9 ^4), was the home of
the parents of Luther, to whom a monument was erected here in 1861.
From Salzungen to Kalten-Xordheim, 241/2M., light railway in l^/^hr.
The line descends the valley of the Werra via Dorndorf (branch to
Hilnfeld) and Dermhach. Kalten-Nordheim (Hirsch ; Lowe) is about 9 M.
from Hilders (p. 340).
191/2 M. Immelhorn ; branch -line to Liebenstein, see p. 285.
251/0 M. Wernshausen (Rail. Restaurant).
FromWernshausen to Zella-St-Blasii, 191/2 M., railway in 1^/4 hr. —
41/2 M. Schmalkalden (Goldene Krone, R. IV2-3 JC; Deutsches Hans),
a Prussian town with 9500 inhab. and small saline baths. In the market-
place are a late-Grothic Church, the Luther Fountain, the Rathaus, where
the articles of the League of Schmalkalden were drawn up by Luther,
Melanchthon, and other reformers in 1537, and a monument to Karl
Wilhelm (1815-73), the composer of the 'Wacht am Rhein', who was a
native of the place. The 'Krone', where the League of Schmalkalden was
concluded in 1531, and the Luther House, Luther-Platz, indicated by a
golden swan, bear inscriptions, but have been completely altered. The
Hessenhof contains interesting mural paintings illustrating the story of
Iwein (first half of the 13th century). Thp old Wilhelmshurg rises above
the town. — 11 M. SteinbacJi-HaUenberg, a small town with iron manu-
factories, is a summer-resort. — 191/2 M. Zella-St-Blasii, see p. 294.
301/2 M. Wasungen (920 ft.; Schwan), a quaint little town on
the Werra, with 3000 inhab. and an old chateau. — 35 M. Walldorf.
As Meiningen is approached, the ducal chateau of *Landsberg (1345 ft.)
looks down from an eminence on the right ; it contains some good modern
stained glass from Munich and numerous mediaeval curiosities ; fine view
of the Thuringer Wald and the Rhon-Gebirge (adm. 25 pf,). The chateau
may also be visited from Meiningen, either by the direct route (3 M.),
or by the 'Marienweg' (5V2^-)j which leads through pleasant wood, passing
the ruins of Habichtshurg.
38 1/2 M. Meiningen. — Hotels. Sdchsischer Hof, R. 2-6, B. 1,
D. I1/2-2V2J pens, from o^/., J^, good; Erbprinz, R. from IV21 D. 11/2'^;
Hirsch; Post. — Railway Restaurant ; Restaurant Bellevue, on the slope
of the Herrenberg, with view. — Post Office, in the market-place.
284 I^"^'-*^ ^^- ]\rEIXIXGEN. From Eisenach
Meiningen (980 ft.), a well-built town witli 16,300 inhab., on
the Werra, surrounded by wooded heights, is the capital of the
duchy of Saxe-Meiningen.
The chief ornament of the town is the English Garden, or
park, opposite the station, containing a monument to Bechstein
(d. I860), the writer of fairy-tales, by Diez <1909), and also busts
of Brahms (d. 1897), the composer, and of Jean Paul Richte)%
who resided at Meiningen from 1801 to 1803. In the Bernhard-Str.
is the Ducal Theatre, and in the Georg-Str. is the Henneherger
Haus. with a relief of 1603 on its facade. Farther to the W. is
the —
Ducal Palace, of which the left wing, restored in 1861, dates
from 1511, while the rest was completed in 1682.
The interior ;'castellan in the court, to the right; 50 pf.) contains the
ducal Picture Gallery, consisting of about 200 works, chiefly Nether-
landish. Among the best are: A. vander Xeer, *Moonlight : /. van Ostade,
*Market: J. can der Meer von Haarlem. Distant landscape; S. Koninck,
Old woman; J. van Buysdael, Dutch landscape ; Sal. van Ruysdael, Yiew
of a village; G. Coques. Portrait (ascribed to Van Dyck). Among the
Italians represented are Fra Angelica, FiUppino Lippi, Botticelli, Pal-
mezzano, Garofalo, and Liiini. The palace also contains tapestry, china,
coins, and a library. — In the palace-chapel is the painted wing of an
altar, a Franconian work of ca. 1500.
On the left bank of the Werra is the "^Herrenberg, a pretty
natural park, with pleasant walks. — The Bathaus and the Stadt-
Kirche rebuilt in 1888) are both in the market-place, which is
adorned with a fountain with a statue of the Emperor Henry II. —
The Toicn Museum contains early-German bronzes and other an-
tiquities ('50 pf., two or more pers. 25 pf. each).
A path leads from Meiningen via the Donopkuppe (1590 ft.) and the
Bismarck Tower on the "Schanz" to (41/2 M.) Grimmental (see below).
The Grosse Dolmar 2405 ft. : refreshments at the top), to which a
road leads from Meiningen via Helha and Kiihndorf in 23/^ hrs., commands
a beautiful view of the Thuringian Forest. — Schiller resided at the village
of Bauerbach, 6 M. to the S. of Meiningen, in 1782-83.
From MeixixCtEx to Kissingen (47 M.) axd Schweinfurt (49 M.), rail-
way in 2V2-^-^'4 hrs. — 41 o M. RitscTienJiausen, junction of the line to
Suhl and Xeu-Dietendorf (p. 295). The line skirts the E. slope of the
Rhon-Gfebirge ''p. 340,. — From (91/2 M.) Benticertshausen a branch-line
runs to (7 M.) Itomhild (pop. 1800; Schliindhaus), formerly the capital
of the county of Henneberg. The Schloss was converted into a military
orphanage in'l884. The late-Gothic church (1450-70) contains the monuments
of several Counts of Henneberg, including two ascribed to Peter ViscJier
of Nuremberg : Count Otho IV. (d. 1502) and Count Hermann YIII. (d. 1531)
and his wife (cast of the latter in South Kensington Museum). A diligence
plies daily between Eomhild and (91/2 ^I-) Hildburghausen (p. 285). —
241/2 M. Neustadt (pop. 2200; Goldener JIann, very fair), on the Saaie,
an industrial town, prettih* situated at the foot of the ruins of the Salz-
burg (fine view,. Pleasant walk down the valley of the Saale to Kis-
singen (3 hrs.). Branch-line to ri2 M.) Bischofsheim (p. 340). — 40 M.
Ebenhausen; thence to Kissingen and Schireinfurt , see Baedeker's
Southern Germany.
421 2 M. Grimmerttal Rail. Restaurant), see p. 295. — hO^j^ M.
LlCiENSTClN UMD liMaEiUPIG.,
1 : o-Voooi^
jXilonLPTer
to LichtenfcU. LIEBENSTEIN. 44. Route. 285
Themar (Drei Rosen).- About 2 M. to the W. rises the Osterburg.
From Themar to Flaue^ see pp. 295, 296.
58V2M. Hildburghausen (1255 ft.; Burghof\ R. 2-3, D.
11/2-2 ^, very fair; Emjlischer Hof, R. I74-2, D. Vj^-^ ^;
Rautenkranz)^ a pleasant town on the right bank of the Werra,
the residence of the Dukes of Saxe-Hildburghausen down to 1826,
now belongs to Meiningen. Pop. 7500. In the garden of the
Schloss (now barracks) is a monument to Queen Louisa of Prussia
(1815). The mediseval Rathaus^ with its two towers, was rebuilt
in 1572. The large Lunatic Asylum is common to several
Thuringian principalities.
An excursion may be made hence via (41/2 M.) Zellfeld to (7 M.) the
Waldhaus Waidmannsruh (inn), situated between the Gleichberge
(2223 ft. and 2092 ft.), two basaltic hills with curious rock-formations. Fine
view from the Kleine Gleichberg, on which are some interesting prehistoric
fortifications. About 21/2 M. fartlier to the W. lies Romhild (j3. 284).
From IIildbukctHausen to Lindenau-Friedrichshall, 18 M., light
railway in 2 hrs. — 151/2 M. Heldburg (Goldener Stern) is commanded
by the "^Feste Heldburg (1315 ft. ; 20 min.), a fortress on a lofty phonolitic
rock, mentioned as early as the 9th cent, and thoroughly restored in 1875
(adm. 25 pf.). — From (18 M.) Lindenau-Friedrichshall, which possesses
a mineral spring, a diligence runs daily to (11 M.) Coburg in 2-y^ hrs.
67 M. Eisfeld (1433 ft.; Deutsches Ham; Rail. Restaurant\
a town (4400 inhab.) on the Werra. Over the W. portal of the Grottes-
acker-Kirche (1542) is the admirable sandstone cenotaph of Dr.
Justus Jonas (d. 1555), Luther's friend and ally, who was pastor
here. Branch-lines to (20 1/2 M.) Sonnebcrg (p. 289) and to (11 M.)
Unter - Neubrunn. Diligence daily to Neuhaus (15^/2 M. ; p. 292).
741/2 M. Tiefenlauter. The train now quits the Werra.
81 1/2 M. Coburg (Rail. Restaurant), see p. 286. The castle
rises to the left.
94 M. Lichtenfels, a station on the Bavarian State Railway.
From Immelborn (p. 283) to Liebenstein, 4 M., branch-railway
in 25 minutes. — IY2 ^^- Barchfeld (810 ft.), with a chateau of
the Landgrave of Hesse-Philippstal.
Liebenstein. The Station lies 3/4 M. to the N.W. of the Kur-
haus. — Hotels. Kurhaus, R. 2-6, D. 3, pens, from 6, omn. 1/2 ^^Z
Bellevue, similar charges ; Quisisana, on the Aschenberg, R. IV2-6, D.
21/2 JC; Villa Albrecht, pens, from 6 ^; Muller''s: Melninyer Hof, R. I1/2-
31/2 J^; Schneider. — Private Apartments from 10 JC per week. — Visitors''
Tax for a stay of more than a week 15 JC. — Carriage to Altenstein i,
with two horses 6 JC.
Liebenstein (1120 ft.), a beautifully situated watering-place,
with 1700 inhab., in the duchy of Meiningen, possesses chalybeate
and other springs, used both internally and externally. The Ducal
Palace and Villa Feodora are situated in the Trink- Promenade.
At the back of the Kurhaus is the Italian Garden, tastefully laid
out, and the Lrdfall, a kind of open grotto. Paths lead hence to
286 P^ov.tc 45. COBFRG.
the Helle Blick and the Bernhards-Platz . and the Marieniveg
leads to the Werney^'s Platz. all fine points of view.
The path to the (20-25 min. i extensive ruins of the Burg Stein ascends
in zigzags through the Italian Garden. The castle was restored in 1554,
but it was deserted at the close of the 17th cent., and has since fallen to
decay. Fine *View, including the Rhon Mts.. the W. ramifications of
the Thuringian Forest from the Dolmar to the Ochsenherg. and the broad
valley of the Werra.
From Lxebexsteix to Altexsteix 2^ o M.\ a good road. At
Gliicl'shrunn (Hotel ^^angemanusburgi, halfway, is the Alten-
steiner Hohle. a limestone cavern 220 yds. in length, easily acces-
sible, with a subterranean lake. Open daily, 9-4 (adm. 75 pf.).
Schloss Altenstein, a summer-residence of the Duke of
Saxe-Xeiningen. standing on a rocky height on the S.^. slope of
the Thuringian Forest, is itself uninteresting 'Open 2-3), but the
*Park and grounds extending along the precipitous limestone rocks
afiord beautiful walks. Bestaurant on the road to the chateau.
From Altexsteix to Ruhla (iVo M.), a good road, through wood.
After 2 M. a broad road diverges on the right to (1/4 M.) the Lutfie?' Mon-
ument, erected in 1857. on the spot where Luther s Beech, destroyed by
lightning in 1841. formerly stood. Here the Reformer on his return from
Worms was subjected to a pretended arrest by his friend the Elector of
Saxony (p. 281;.' We return to the road, which we continue to follow for
3/4 M., then turn to the left at a finger-post and proceed along a path
for 10 min. till it rejoins the road. Turning to the left along the latter, we
cross the [2 min.; Rennstieg 'p. 289) and go on to (21/2 M.) Ruhla (p. 302). —
A footpath leads from the Luther Monument to the Gerherstein (2395 ft.),
a steep hill covered with large blocks of granite. Thence a broad path
descends to the road to Winterstein (p. 302^. Turning to the left along
the latter, we soon regain the main road about 2 M. from Buhla (p. 302).
The Inselsberg (p. 301; may be ascended from Liebenstein via Herges,
the Trusen-Tal, and Brotterode (p. 301) either by road (carr. 15 JC) or on
foot (5 hrs.). Shorter routes (31/2-4 hrs.) lead by Steinbach (Znm guten
Tropfen) and the Drei-Herrenstein (p. 302).
45. Coburg.
Hotels. "^Bah^hofs-Hotel (PL a : A, 2^, at the station, with garden,
R. 2-4. B. 1. D. 11 2-3^-2; pens. 6-9 .^ : Goldexe Tracbe (PL c; B, 3), with
restaurant and garden, R. 2-2i/2- D- IV2-2V2' pens. 51/2-61/2 «^5 very fair;
Reichsgraf (PL b : A, 2); Cobdrger Hof (PL d : A, 3) ; Deutsches Haus
(PL e: B. 2).
Restaurants. Railnay Bestaurant : BeUevue, Schloss-Platz (PL C, 3),
D. 11 ^^€ : Sti'vins BierhaJle.vrith garden. Judengasse (PL A, B, 3) ; Grubelei,
An der Mauer PL B, 3) ; Ve reins-Br a uei'ei (PI. C, 2). with garden ; Kulmbach,
with garden. Yiktoria-Str. (PL A. 3); Aktien-Brauerei, Mohren-Str. 19
(PL A. B, 2;: Loreley. Herrengasse 14 (PL B. 3), unpretentious but very
popular. — Outside the town: Bestaurant at the Castle (p. 288), well
spoken of: Kapelle (PL A. 4;; Eckardtsklause, on the Eckardtsberg, all
three with fine views. — Wine: Herber, Ketschengasse 4a (PL B, 3. 4j ;
Oerfd. Theater-Platz PL B. C. 3 .
Post and Telegraph Office (PL B. C. 2), in the Biirglas.
Theatre. Open from Easter toWhitsunday. and from Sept. to December.
Cabs, on the Taximeter system. — Carriage to the Castle & JC,
to the Castle and Callenberg lo'c^.
U.S. Consul-Greneral, Mr. Fmnk DiUingham.
>^*4if^ -^?%^ ^E^-"^^ ■ " y^^ i ■ " ^ ^'^r
riisv[a.ir..qpiiH«
i-tp^issas'
Market Place. COBURG. ^5. Route. 287
Coburg (994 ft.), one of the residences of the Duke of Saxe-
Coburg-Gotha, the most important town in the Franconian portion
of the Saxon duchies, with 22,500 inhab., is prettily situated in
the valley of the Itz^ a tributary of the Main, and boasts of a num-
ber of handsome buildings, especially in the neighbourhood of the
market and Schloss-Platz.
The Market Place (PI. B, 3) is embellished with a Statue of
Prince Albert (d. 1861; PL 1), by Theed, inaugurated in the pre-
sence of Queen Victoria in 1865. In or near this square are the
Bathaus^ built in 1579 and remodelled in the 18th cent.; the
Government Buildings (PL 7), dating from 1601 ; and the Arsenal
(1621), which contains the library (100,000 volumes; adm. from
the Herrengasse, Wed. 2-4). The Town Museum^ in the Rathaus,
is open onMon.,Wed., &Frid., 2-4, and on Sun., 11-12 (adm.20pf.).
The spacious Church of St. Maurice (PL B, C, 3; sexton,
Pfarrgasse 7) of the 15th cent., in the late-Gothic style, with Re-
naissance additions and a lofty tower (236 ft.; fine view), contains
a monument of Duke John Frederick II., erected in 1598 on the
site of the high-altar. Near it the finely-executed brasses of John
Casimir (d. 1633), John Ernest(d. 1553), John Frederickll. (d. 1595),
and his wife Elizabeth (d. 1594) are built into the wall. — The
Gymnasium (PL 4; B, 3) was founded in 1603 by John Casimir,
whose statue is seen at the corner. Goethe's father was a pupil at
this school. — In the Karl-Eduard-Platz (PL B, 4) is the *Deluge
Fount ain(Sintflutbrunnen)^ by Lepcke (1906 ; original at Bamberg).
In the Schloss-Platz (PL C, 3) rises a bronze Statue of Duke
Ernest I. (d. 1844), by Schwanthaler. The Ducal Palace (see
below), the Theatre (PL B, C, 3), with the small Palais Coburg-
Cohary^ behind it, and the Edinburgh Palace (PL 6) are all
situated in the Platz. Near the guard-house is an equestrian
Statue of Duke Ernest IL (d. 1893; PL 3), by Eberlein (1899).
On a height behind the Edinburgh Palace stands the Rom. Cath.
Church of St. Augustine., with the burial-vaults of the Coburg line.
The Palace (PL C, 3), or Ehrenburg^ a handsome winged edifice
in the English-Gothic style, was converted from a monastery of the
Recollets into a ducal residence in 1549, and was altered and ex-
tended in 1690 and 1816.
Interior (bell in the second court; adm. 25 pf.). Portraits of Duke
Ernest I., Queen Victoria, Prince Albert, King Leopold I. and his queen,
etc.; grand hall with ceiling borne by 28 caryatides; chapel of 1738;
handsome pseudo-classical furniture.
A flight of steps on one side of the palace (by the guard-houses
in the arcades) and a steep footpath on the other ascend to the
beautiful Hof- Garten (PL C, D, 2, 3), extending along the steep
slope of the hill, which is crowned by the castle. The garden
contains the Kleine Palais^ built in 1868 in the English-Gothic
288 P^outc 45. COBURG. Castle.
style, aud the Mausoleum of Duke Francis ^d. 1806) and Duchess
Augusta Caroliue (d. 1831).
The Cemetery :P1. D. 4), to the S.E. of the town, contains the
moderu Mausoleum of the ducal family, and the burial-vault of Baron
Stockmar (d. 1863). embellished at the expense of the English and Belgian
reigning families in honour of their old counsellor.
The ancient *Castle of Coburg (1520 ft.; Pl.E, 1, 2), 520 ft.
above the town, to which a path ascends from the palace in ^2 ^^'-^
commands the entire district. It is a late-Gothic structure of the
beginning of the 16th century, and was the residence of the dukes
until John Ernest transferred his seat to the Ehrenburg (p. 287)
in 1549. About the time of the Diet of Augsburg (1530) Luther
resided liere for nearly six months and translated the prophets and
psalms. In 1632 the fortress was occupied by the Swedes and be-
sieged in vain by ^allenstein. The S.W. wing with its projecting
corner-turrets, now named the Hohe Haus (PL 11), was formerly
the Arsenal: and the large building on the X. side is called the
Fiirstenhau (PL 9>. — The castle, which has been restored and
fitted up as a Museum, is entered on the S. side. The entrance to
the collections is under the open wooden staircase in the first court:
visitors ring. In summer it is open from 9 to 12 and 2 to 6, in
winter 9-12 and 2-4 (tickets. ^ o-l -^^, in the restaurant at the S.E.
corner of the first court: open free on AVed. afternoon). The rest
of the castle is shown by the castellan i50 pf.^i.
The wall of the staircase is adorned with frescoes by Schneider and
Bothbart (1838-55). representing the nuptials of Duke John Casimir with
the Princess Anna of Saxony (1585), — We first enter the Carriage Room,
containing curious old state-coaches, etc. — The Vestibule of the armoury
contains siege-artillery and a fresco by Schneider (1841), representing two
bears breaking into the ducal dining-hall. — Luther's Room contains relics
of the period of his residence here and a collection of his writings. — The
Armoury contains a large iron stove, cast in 1480. adorned with coats-of-
arms and figures of saints : it includes a fine collection of armour, swords,
and daggers. — In the Grux Room, by the staircase, military fire-arms
from the earliest times to the present day.
Upper Floor and Hall. Pictures, oriental weapons, artistic clock,
etc. — In the Duke Alfred Room (formerly the Fire-Arms Room) an ex-
cellent collection of glass (especially Venetian), also earthenware. — The
Rosette Room, the ceiling of which is adorned with 365 rosettes of different
forms, contains hunting-apparatus and rifles. — The Mary Room (Jlarien-
Zimmer) contains glass-ware aud wood-carvings by Riemenschneider and
Veit Stoss. — In the Reformation Room is a copy of an old picture in
St. Maurice's, representing the Diet of Augsburg. — The Hokx Room, a
masterpiece of the Renaissance period (1632). is adorned with mosaics in
wood representing hunting-scenes during the reign of John Casimir.
The X. wing contains a collection of E^-GRAVIXGS, Woodcuts (200,000).
Drawings. Coixs. Medals (25.000). and Autographs.
On the X. side of the second court is the entrance to the Natural
History Museum (PI. 12). containing a good collection of birds and eggs.
It is open in June-Aug. dailv. except Sat.. 9-12 and 3-6. in April. May,
Sept. and Oct. on Sun", Mon'., Wed., & Thurs. 9-12 and 2-5 (Tucs., Frid*..
& Sat. by permission of the curator, 50 pf .) ? tickets, 25 pf.. in the
restaurant: free on Wed. afternoon.
=^ Views. The adjoining X.E. Hohe Bastei (PL 10) commands one of
m
H^
KttoinniH. COBURG. 4n. Route. 289
the most cxtensivo and picturesque views in Germany. The N.W. Bdren-
bastel (PI. 8; bears' den 10 pf.) and the Stern-Bastei (PI. 14) afford good
views of the town.
The Sciilosshof-Halle contains the figure-head of a Danish man-of-
war, captured in 1819, and some trophies of the war of 1870-71.
From the castle good footpaths lead to the N.E., skirting the
Bausenbcrg, to the (1 M.) Teufdskanzel^ which commands a fine
view. — The Eclcartsherc) (PI. E, F, 4; 1415 ft.), to the S. of the
castle, is crowned by a lofty tower commanding a beautiful pano-
rama. A pleasant path leads hence via the Lobelstein to the castle
in ^/4 hr. — Other good points of view are the Adamiherg (1180 ft.),
just above the station, and the Hoke Fichte^ n^ixr Ahorri (2^4 M.).
Rosenau (restaurant), IV2 M. to the N.E. of Coburg (station Oeslau,
see below), and Callenberg, 31/2 M. to the N.W. (carriage, sec p. 286),
are country-seats of the duke, tastefully fitted up and picturesquely
situated (shown only in the absence of the court; adm. 25 pf.). Rosenau
was the birthplace (2Gth Aug., 1819) of Prince Albert (of Saxe-Coburg-
Gotha; d. 14th Dee., 1861), brother of the late Duke Ernest II. Queen
Victoria spent eleven days here in 1845. Below Callenberg are a model
farm and a restaurant; in the wood, farther down, is the Fasanerie.
From Cobukg to Rodach, 11 M., railway in 1 hr. — IV4 M. Neuses,
with the house of the poet Bilckert (1788-1866) adjoining the church. The
garden contains a marble bust to his memory. On a wooded slope on the
opposite bank of the Sidz rises the chateau of Falkenegg. — 11 M. Rodach
(990 ft.) is the starting-point for a visit to (21/4 hrs.) the Heldburg (p. 285).
From Coburg to Latscha, 24 M., railway in 2 hrs. — S^/o M. Oeslau
(see above). — 121/2 M. Sonneberg (1260 ft.; Krucfs Hotel,''U. from 2,
very fair; FMyprinz ; Kaiserhof; U.S. agent), with 15,000 inhab., where
toys are extensively manufactured (fine show-rooms at Dressel's, Untere
Markt-Str. 1). The town is surrounded by woods and hills, and has
become of late years a favourite summer-resort. There is a modern
chateau on a hill above the town. About B M. to the N. of Sonneberg,
and 9 M. to the W. of Eisfeld (p. 285), is MeschenhacJi (inn), near which
is tlie Zinsclhohle, a stalactite-cavern. A branch-line runs from Sonne-
berg to (191/2 M.) Stockheim. ~ 24 M. Lauscha (2035 ft. ; Wilder Mann)
with 5500 inhab. and glass-works. Hence to Schwarzhurg, see p. 292.
46. The Thuringian Forest.
The *Forest of Thuringia, or 2'hilringer Wald, a mountainous and
wooded district 70 M. in length and 6-22 M. in breadth, bounded on the W.
by the Werra and on the S.E. by the Saale, is full of interest for the
pedestrian. The tour may conveniently be divided into two parts, the
Eastern, beginning at Schwarza, and the Western, beginning at Eisenach.
This is also a geological division, clay-slate occurring towards the S.E.,
as far as the Erzgebirgc, and porphyry to the N.W. as far as Eisenach.
The boundary between these formations is near Ilmenau. The Rennstieg,
an old frontier-path, runs along the crest of the mountains, separating
Thuringia from Franconia.
The summer-resorts on the N". slope, such as Oberhof, Rudolstadt,
Schicarzburg, Ilmenau, Frledrichroda, Rithla, Eisenach, etc., are the most
frequented and most expensive. Pleasant though more modest quarters
for a prolonged stay may also be obtained at Schmalkalden, Schleusingen,
and other places to the S.
Guides generally charge 2 .^ for half-a-dav, 1 c£ for a whole day. —
Carriage with one horse, 10-15 ^^ per day, with two horses 15-20.^. —
The Hotels are frequently crowded in summer, and the charges are then
often out of proportion to the comfort and convenience offered.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. I9
290 ^^'^^^ ^^- BLA]^KEXBUR&. ThuHngian
Pla^. 1st Day. BlanJcenburg. To Pa^fc???i2e?7a and back by train (see
2nd day). Afternoon, walk in 3 hrs. to Schvmrzhurg, via the Trippstein. —
2nd Day. From Sehwarzbiirg walk via the upper 6'c7?i/jar.^a- TaZ (by train
to the Zirkel. if preferred; and the Langenberg to Gehren and thence by
train to Ilmenau : or drive all the way to Ilmenau via Paulinzella. —
SrdDAY. Kickelhahn.Manehach, S<:/??«^VcA:g (night-quarters), SchneeTcojyf.—
4th Day. Oberhof. From Oberhof through the Dietharzer Gnind to
Tambach. By train to Friedrichroda. — 5th Day. To Friedrichroda and
Eeinhoj'dsbrunn ; ascend the Inselsberg. — 6th Day. Through the Trusen-
Tal by Brotterode to Liebenstein, Altenstein, and Buhla. — 7th Day. By
Wachltein and the Hohe Sonne to Eisenach. — 8th Day. Coburg. — The
finest points in the district are Schwarzburg, the old castle of Coburg,
and the vicinity of Eisenach.
The Thii.ringerirald Yerein (subs. 2 c^) has published a good walker's
map ("Wegekarte") of the district (50 pf.).
a. Schwarzburg and the Valley of the Sehwarza.
Railway from Rottenbach via Schwarzburg to Katzhiitte, 15V-2 ^- ii^
11/4 hr. (p. 292;. — Diligence from Katzhutte via Oelze, Scheibe, and
Alsbach to Eisfeld, lOVo^-- ou^^e daily in 5 hrs., from Sitzendorf twice
daily to (10 M.) Xeuhaus : thence thrice daily to (3 M.) Latischa. — Motor-
cars are forbidden on the road through the Sehwarza -Tal between
Losche's Hall and the Pocher-Briicke. above Schwarzburg.
Sehwarza (see p. 271) lies at the confluence of the Sehwarza
and the Saale. A railway ascends the valley of the former 1 walkers
follow the left bank-, in 10 min., to —
2^2 ^- Blankenburg. — Hotels. Goldener Loice, R. IV4-2V2?
D. IV2-2, pens. 41 2-6 .€. well spoken of: Bahnhofs-Hotel, R. & B. 2-3 ^;
ScheUhoni, R. from 1 ^^; Greifenstein : Weisses Boss. At the entrance
to the Schwarza-Tal. 1 M. from the station: Chrysopro.s, R. IV2-3V27 D-
IV2-2. pens. 5-7 c^: Losche's Hall. R. l^/o-^, D. 11/2-2^2^ pens. 5-8.^, very
fair: WeidmannsheU, V2 ^I- farther on. — Visitors' Tax, 5-10 JC.
Carriage to Schwarzburg e^o- with two horses IIV4 ^? i^^l- f o^s
(omnibus 1 JC). — Railway to Paulinzella and Arnstadt, see p. 293.
Blankenburg (740 ft.i, a little town with 3000 inhab., is
prettily situated at the entrance to the Schwarza-Tal, commanded
by the ruin of Greifenstein. From the station a road leads to the
W. to the town, passing (to the left; a footpath and then, beyond
the river and the Post Office., a road to the Schwarza-Tal. A guide-
post opposite the G-reifenstein Hotel indicates the ascent to the
(20 min.j Greifenstein (1310 ft.; restaurant), the ancestral castle
of the German Emperor Gunther of Schwarzburg (d. 1349;.
The above-mentioned road into the Schwarz-Tal passes a mon-
ument to Frobel, who founded his first Kindergarten at Blanken-
burg in 1840. Farther on are the hotels (see above; at the beginning
of the narrower part of the valley.
The high mountain to the S. is the Hainberg (1885 ft.), easily ascended
from the Chrysopras Hotel in 1 hr. fview). — The top of the ^Griesbach-
Felsen (V2 hr. from Losche's Hall) commands a very characteristic view of
the Thuringian Forest. — From the Griesbach-Felsen we may go on to the
(^'4 hr.) Teufelstreppe (view), and thence via Bohlscheiben to (IV2 hr.) the
Trippstein (p. 291). — From the Chrysopras excursions may be made to the
Katzenstein and the Wci'rasitz and thence to the Ebersteiti (p. 291). From
the last a road leads via the Diirre Schild (p. 291) to Schwatzburg.
Forest SCHWAHZBURd. 46. Route. 291
The * Schwarza-Tal is ono of the most picturesque and
beautifully -wooded valleys in Thuringia (to Schwarzburg- direct,
7 M. ; via the Trippstein 3 hrs,). Pedestrians follow the path on
the right bank of the Schwarza or the highroad (often dusty). A
little beyond the (1^2 ^^0 Weidmannsheil Inn (p. 290) rises a lofty
rock known as the Ingo Cliff. — Farther on, to the left, in a boar-
park on the right bank, is a tower named the Eherstein. About
3 M. from Blankenburg we reach the Kirchfelsen (1295 ft.), so
called from its supposed resemblance to a church. High above the
(5 M.) Schweizerhaus (rfmts.), but on the opposite side of the valley,
is the Durre Schild pavilion.
The main road goes on through the valley to (2 M.) Schwarzburg,
passing (3/^ M.) a road ascending to the Kienherg and (1 M. farther) a
memorial tablet to Prince Giinther, whence a zigzag path ascends in 1/2 1>^'-
to the Trippst(?in (see below).
The direct route from the Schweizerhaus to the (50 min.) Tripp-
stein is by a footpath (green and white marks) diverging to the
right at the inn. In 4 min. we turn to the right and skirt a gorge;
in 20 min. more, to the right again, following a road to the (17 min.)
'Fuchstisch', whence a path ascends to the left to the (10 min.) —
*Trippstein (1530 ft.), a wooded hill with a shelter-hut, com-
manding a striking view of Schwarzburg (best by evening light).
On the road, 1 M. to the W. of the Trippstein, lies the Fasanerie,
a shooting-lodge containing furniture made of antlers and surrounded by
a grove of oaks (inn).
Behind the Trippstein a footpath (to the left) descends in 20 min.
to the road, which we follow to the right. From the (5 min.) fork
the left branch leads to the village of Schwarzburg, the right branch
to (10 min.) the Trippstein, Thtiringer Hof , and Weisse Hirsch
Hotels.
Schwarzburg. — Hotels. *Weisse7' Hirsch, with veranda and
tine view, R. 21/2-71/2, B. I1/4, D. 21/3-4, pens. 7-121/2.^; Thiiringer Hof,
well spoken of, R. 1 1/2-4 c/^, B. 1, D. 21/2-8, pens, from S^/^,^^; Trippstein,
close to the wood, pens. 41/2-51/2 ci^. — In the village: Schwarzhurger
Hof; Sdchsischer Hof ; Tal Schicarzburg, R. I-I1/4, T>. I1/4 JC. — Villa
Vassel (51/2-IO JC) ; Pens. Schinzel (41/2-51/2 ^)- Lodgings also obtainable.
Carriage to Blankenburg 7, with two liorses IO1/2 (omn. 1), to Paulin-
zella 91/4 or 13, to Ilmenau via Paulinzella (two horse) 24, to Blumenau 7
or 11, to Eisfeld 23 or 34c JC, inclusive of gratuities. A previous bargain
should be made in each case.
The Railway Station (1260 ft.; restaurant; comp. p. 293) lies to the
W. of the Schloss (fine view from terrace in front of the station). To
reach the (1/2 M.) Weisse Hirsch we descend the footpath to the left as
we leave the station, and turn to the left on reaching the road.
*ScHLOss ScHVTARZBURG (1150 ft.), the anccstral castle of the
counts and princes of Schwarzburg since the 12th cent., charmingly
situated on an abrupt rocky eminence 255 ft. above the Schwarza,
which surrounds it on three sides, dates in its present form from
1726, when the older building was burned down. It contains an
19*
292 P^oufe 4G. ARNSTADT. Thurinyian
armoury and some fine antlers (fee to the castellan). The Kaisersaal
is adorned with frescoes by i?. Oppenheim. — The village, known
as Tal-Schicarzharg (700 inhab.*, lies below on the Schwarza.
To the "^T/'ippsteiii, see p. 291 : a road also ascends thiough the woods
iu 3y^ hr., beginjiing between the post-office and the Weisse Hirsch. —
Among the niimerons other fine points in the vicinity of Schwarzburg may
be mentioned the ^Helenensitz {^U l^r.) ; the Bisnuirckhohe (1690 ft. ; 1 hr.)':
and the Sckabsheide or SchafsJieide (1495 ft. ; li/^ hr.).
From Schvtarzbcrg to Lauscha, 16 M. (diligence, see p. 290). The
road quits the Schwarza-Tal at BlechJiammer (see below) and leads through
the finely-wooded Lichiegrand to i'SViM.) Untenceissbacli and (3 M.) Ober-
iceissbach (Anker). The 'herb-sellers' ('Balsammanner'; of this neigh-
bourhood drive a brisk trade in their home-made drugs and decoctions.
The roa^ then passes (25 min.) Kursdorf (whence the Kursdorfer Kuppe,
mentioned below, may be ascended in i o hr.) and (1 hr.) the Fischbachs-
iLiese, and thence in 1 hr. more reaches Neuhaus (2645 ft. : Fast: GrUner
Baum), a village famed for its glass and painted china.- The contiguous
Igelshleb (270-3 ft.) is the highest village in Thuringia. The road then
descends through pleasant wooded valleys to (2 M.) Lauscha, on the
Coburg railway (p. 289).
From Schwarzburg to Eisfeld, 27 M. (railway to Katzhiitte and
thence diligence, see p. 290;. The upper part of the Schwarza-Tal, though
less known, is scarcely inferior to the lower. The road follows the vallej'
of the Schwarza. and leads via Sitzendorf (Linde. R. 1-3 JCj, Blechhamnoer
(inn), d^ndi Glmbach to (6i/iM.) Mellenbach (Zur Kehre Inn, R. 13/^, D.
1-11/2 «^)5 with an old church, and Blunieymu (Zur Blumenau), two in-
dustrial villages, separated by the Schwarza. Pleasant environs. The
conspicuous Kursdorfer Kuppe (2500 ft.) may be ascended from Mellen-
bach in 11/4 hr., and the descent may be made via Jleu^elbach to Katz-
hutte in I1/.2 hr. — Beyond Blumenau we ascend the valley to the (V4 hr.)
Zirkel (inn;, where the road forks, the right branch leading via the Lange-
berg to Gehren p. 295;. At (10 M.) Schicarzmuhle, we cross the Schwarza.
— 12i/.> M. Katzhutte (1400 ft. ; Wurzelberg, R. IV-.-^Vo. ^- ^^1-2 ^), a
village with iron- works and potteries, at the junction of the Katze and
the Schwarza. About 4 M. to the S. of this point rises the Wurzelberg
(2740 ft.}, with a ruined shooting-lodge. At (I0V2 ^0 Oelze (Kieslerstein)
a road diverges to the right to Gross-Breitenbach (p. 295: 31/2 ^I-)- 18 M.
Langenbach, on the S.W. slope of the Wurzelberg. — 27 M. Eisfeld (rail,
station;, see p. 285.
From Schwarzburg to Paulinzella and Arnstadt. see R. 46b.
b. From Neu-Dietendorf to Saalfeld.
36 M. Railway in l^ ^ hr.
Xeu-Dietendorf, see p. 267. — 3^0 ^- Haarhamen; on a hill,
*2M. to the right, rises the Wachsenhurg (1360 ft.; inn, see p. 267 1,
the property of the Duke of Cobnrg-Gotha, containing a collection
of pictures, weapons, etc. (adm. 20 pf.i.
6 M. Arnstadt (920 ft.: Bahnhofs- Hotel opposite the sta-
tion, R. 1^4-4, D. 1^/^, pens. 4V 3-6 ^, very fair; Goldene Henne;
Goldene Sojine)^ a prettily-sitnated town, with a Rathaus of 1585.
Pop. 16,300. The architecturally important "^Church of Our Lady
(adm. 20 pf.: tickets at An der Liebfrauenkirche 1;. of the 13th cent,
(restored in 1888-94;, contains some fine sculptures and tombstones,
among which are the monuments of two Counts Gunther of Schwarz-
burg and their wives a 368 and 1590\ Fine view from the adjacent
JEnoLMiles. ^^^agner^Del^esMeipz^-
Forest. PLAUE. ^^^'- ffot't('- 293
tower of the old castle of Neideck. Arnstadt possesses a stron^r
salt spring, which attracts visitors.
The train crosses the valley of the Gera and runs towards the
S.E. — 16 M. Stadtilm (1233 ft.; Hirsch; Post), with an interesting
old church. The line bends to the S. and skirts the E. base of the
Singerherg (1912 ft.; view), which may be ascended from (19 M.)
Singen in 2/4 hr. — 221/2 M. Paulinzella (1210 ft. ; Menger's Inn,
R. from 11/21 ^' 1V4"^V2 ^^) is ^ hamlet with the remains of a
Romanesque *Church of the 12th cent., 262 ft. long and 66 ft. wide ;
of the five apses but one now remains. The abbey to which it was
attached was begun in 1112 by Paulina, daughter of the knight
Moricho, and suppressed in 1534.
From Paulinzella a forest-path, marked red and brown, leads to (B M.)
Gehren (p. 295).
251/2 M. Rottenhach (935 ft.).
From Rottenbach to Konigsee, 41/2 M., railway in V'2 l>r. — Konig-
nee (Bahnhofs-Hotel ; Lowe) is a small town with 3200 inhabitants. To
Paulinzella, IV4 hr. via the Mdnchskugelteich. Diligence to Gehren (p. 296).
From Rottenbach to Katzhutte, 151/2 M., railway in IV2 hr. — IV2 M.
Koditzberg. — 4:^12 M. Schwarzburg, see p. 291. — 6V2M. Sltzendorf; 10 M.
Mellenhach-Glasbach ; 11 M. Zirkel{^. 292). — 151/2 M. Katzhiltte, see p. 292.
The line descends the Rinne-Tal. — 27i/«> M. Leutnitz; 301/2 M.
Blankenhurg (p. 290). — 36 M. Saalfeld (p. 261).
c. From Neu-Dietendorf to Ritschenhausen. Oberhof.
47 M. Railway in 2-3 hrs. — Through-trains to Kissingen, Wiirzburg,
and Stuttgart pass over this line. — Best views at first to the right, beyond
Zella to the left.
To (6 M.) Arnstadt, see p. 292. — The line passes (7 M.) Arn-
stadt-Sild and ascends the valley of the Gera.
11 M. Plane (1085 ft.; Ehrenhurg ; Rail. Restaurant)., with
the fine ruins of the (20 min.) Ehrenhurg (1280 ft.; inn). From the
Remsberg, 41/2 M. to the E. of Plane, and from the wooden tower
on the Halskappe (2000 ft.), 31/4 M. to the S., fine views are ob-
tained. — Branch -railway from Plane tc Ilmenau and Theiuar,
see p. 295.
The line beyond Plane traverses the picturesque valley of the
Wilde Gera. — 15 M. Grafenroda (1250 ft. ; Ross). Branch-line to
Gotha (see pp. 299, 298). — The valley contracts. Beyond a gorge
known as the 'Zwang', where a short tunnel is threaded, the line
ascends through the Gehlberger Grund in a succession of steep
curves (gradient 1:15). Farther on the train runs between steep
porphyry cliffs, which it finally pierces by means of the Brandleite
Tunnel (2 M. ; 5 min. transit), containing the highest point of the
line (2095 ft.). Just beyond the tunnel is (25 M.) the station of Ober-
hof (20^^ ft.; Rail. Restaurant), whence a road (short-cuts) ascends
to the N. to the (2 M.) village, which lies on the crest of the hill.
•294 ^"i'U 46. OBEKHOF. Thuringian
Oberhof. — Hotels. ^ScMoss-Hotel , E. from 2. D. 3-41/2. pens,
from 6 .€: "^ Grand-Hotel Wunscher, R. 21/2-7, D. 31/2-6, pens, from 81/2 JC ;
^Karliaus. R. from 21/4, D. 3-4. pens, from 81/2 JC ; Hot.-Peiis. Saiissouci,
pens, from 71/2 ^; Thuringer Wald, pens. 6-8V2 ^: Englischer Hof;
Troster. pens. 6-71/2 Jt. — Kur-Anstalt Marienhad, pens. 71/2-10 JC. —
Lodgings abundant.
Carriages (tariff: gratuity extra). Two-horse carr. to the station 53/^,
at night ^j^: to Friedrichroda and back 241/2; to the Hohe Most ll^/^;
to Ohrdruf 14: to the Sehmiicke II3/4: to Tambach 171/2^. — Ojnnihus
to the station; to Ohrdruf. see p. 298. — Visitors' Tax 3-6 c^.
Oberhof ('2655 ft.j is a small village with a ducal shootiiig-
lodge, frequented botli in summer and winter. The roads from the
station,- Tambach, Schwarzwald, Crawinkel, and Grafenroda con-
verge at the Schloss-Hotel. Fine view from the Luisensitz (2690 ft.),
7 min. to the N., and from the Schlosshergkojyf (2700 it.; ^ 4 hr.).
Beautiful walks mav be taken from Oberhof to the Gebrannte Steiii
(2945 ft. ; 11/4 hr. to the S.W. ; view), the Hohe 3Idst (2916 ft. ; 13/4 hr. to
the W.), and the Ausgehrannte Stein (2230 ft.), I1/4 hr. to the E. — A
longer walk, but quite repaying the fatigue, is through the ^Kanzlergrund,
via Ober-Schonau. and Vnter-Schonau to (10 M.) Steinhach- Hallenberg
(p. 283), about 31/0 hrs. to the TT. of Oberhof (the way back ca. 41/2 hrs.,
as it ascends). The formation and the outlines of the peaks to the S.
of the valley ^Gebrannter Stein, Buppberg, Grosse Hernianjisbergj are
very striking and peculiar to this part of the Thuringian Forest.
From Oberhof to Ohrdrut. see p. 298. Another pleasant route is by
the carriage-road via Linzen's Buhe, a fine point of view, and Friedrichs-
anfang. a distance of about 10 M., nearly all through wood.
From Oberhof to Ta:vi:bach f Friedrichroda j, 13 M. We follow the
Tambach road which diverges to the W. a little beyond the Schloss-Hotel
until we reach the (35 min.) Grenzadler. where we take the path (right)
through the wood for 3/^ hr. (Kammerbach-Birschhaus to the right). After
25 min. guide-post; our way leads straight on (to the Kerngrund and
Schwarzwald on the right) ; 13 min. farther another guide-post {left the
Hohe Most), and 1/4 tr. later we join the Grafenhain road. After 35 min.
more we diverge to the right (left to Oberschonau) ; in 12 min. we sight
the ^FoAkenstein. a porphyry rock 328 ft. high (inn). After 1/4 hr. more
we come to a bridge where a guide-post points to the Falkenstein on the
right; our way (left) leads to ^he ^Dietharzer or Schmahvasser Grund,
one of the loveliest valleys of Thuringia. About I1/4 hr. farther on we
reach Dietharz, immediately contiguous to which is Tambach (p. 299). —
The routes hence to Friedrichroda are described at p. 299.
From Oberhof to the Sehmiicke (road), see p. 297.
2d>^ ^ M. Zella-St-Blasii (1781 ft.; Rail. Restaurant), the com-
mon station for the contiguous industrial towns of Zella-St-Blasii
(pop. 5600: Erbprinz), and J/e/?/is (pop. 5700; Stadt Wien). Prettj^
view from the Bappherg (2840 ft.), 3 M. to the X. of Mehlis. Branch-
line to AVerushausen, see p. 283. — Beyond another tunnel (245 yds.)
the train stops at —
32 M. Suhl (807 ft. ; Deatsches Ham, R. IV4-21 .,, D. 1^ c,-2 Ji,
good: Krone, R. 1^/4-2 Ji : Post: Bail. Hotel & Bestaurant), a
town with 13.800 inhab.. which has been famous for several cent-
uries for its manufacture of firearms. The town lies picturesquely
in the valley of the Lauter, at the base of the Domherg ('2195 ft.;
view-tower), and is shaded by the 2:)recipitous porphyry cliff of the
Forest. ELGERSBURa. ^6. Route. 295
Ottilienstein (1716 ft.; restaurant), which also cominands a fine
view. Diligence once daily in 2 hrs. to (10 M.) Schleusingen (p. 296).
The railway now descends the valley of the Hasel. At (41 M.)
Rohr, the seat of a suppressed monastery, the Hasel is joined on
the right by the Schwarza. — 45 M. Grimmental (920 ft.; Rail.
Restaurant), junction of the Werra railway (p. 284; to Meiaingen
41/2 M.). — The train now crosses the Valley of the Werra.
47 M. Ritschenhausen (1027 ft.), a station on the line from
Meiningen to Kissingen and Schweinfurt, see p. 284.
d. Prom Plaue to Ilmenau and Themar. The Schmucke.
39 M. Railway in 81/2 hrs. (to Ilme^iau in 3/^ lir.).
Plaue, see p. 293. The line ascends the valley of the Zahme
Gera and beyond Angelroda crosses it by a lofty viaduct.
7^/2 M. Elgersburg (1790 ft. ; Dr. Barivinski^s Kurhaus and
Hydropathic, R. IV2-4, B. 1, D. 2, pens. 6-9 ^; Dr. Preiss^s
Hydropathic; Her zog Ernst, R. 1^4-5, pens. b^j^-'^O^; Hirsch,
Linde, moderate; visitors' tax 5 t^), a village belonging to Gotha,
with 1400 inhab. and porcelain-manufactories. On a lofty porphyry
rock above the village rises a restored mediaeval castle. Pleasant
walks may be taken to the Kornhachgrund, the Klarahohe, etc.
(numerous guide-posts).
From Elgersburg to the Sghmucke, a walk of 8-31/2 hrs. Pedestrians
proceed via the Piuttifels (view of the Kornbachgrund), and the Schloss-
quelle, and there turn to the right and follow the road to the Monchs-
hofy where they join the road from Ilmenau (p. 297). (From the 'Salz-
mann's Umsicht', at the second bend, a path leads in 10 min. to the
Hoheivartskopf, a hill 2490 ft. high, with a good view.) — Two carriage-
routes separate beyond (21/2 M.) the prettily-situated village of Arlesherg
(hotel), the one leading via the Monchshof (see above), while the other
ascends the valley of the Gera to (IV4 hr.) Gehlberg (Daheira, R. 2-21/2 <^),
whence we follow the picturesque highroad to the (3 M.) Schmucke (p. 297).
IIY2 M. Ilmenau, see p. 296. The town lies to the W.
From Ilmenau to Gross -Breitenbach, 12 M., branch-railway in
1 hr. — 11/4 M. Grenzhammer , an iron-foundry at the mouth of the
pretty Schorte-Tal. — 21/2 Langeioiesen.
41/2 M. GeJiren or Amtgehren (1585 ft. ; Hirsch), a small town (pop.
2700) with a chateau of the Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen. Hence
to Schwarzburg, see p. 292 (carr. 12 JC). — From (5 M.) Bahnhof Gehren
a diligence plies daily to (5 M.) Konigsee (p. 293); to Paulinzella, see
p. 293. — 12 M. Gross-Breitenbach (2180 ft.; Wilder Mann, R, li/2-3c^;
Gohring, at the station), a small town (3100 inhab.) with porcelain-
manufactories. Diligence via (3i/.> M.) Oelze (p. 292) to (17 M.) Neuhaus
(p. 292), in 83/4 hrs.
The Schleusingen line bends to the S. — 13 M. Ilmenau-Bad ;
15 M. Manehach (p. 297); 18 M. Stilt zerhach. We now ascend to
(21 M.) Rennstieg (2450 ft.), on the crest of the Thiiringer Wald,
and descend to (22^/2 M.) Schmiedefeld (Post), 3 M. to the S. of
which is the Stutenhaus '(p. 298). We traverse the pretty valley
of the Nahe.
296 lioute 46. ILMEXAU. Thuriiigian
32 M. Schleusingen (1300 ft. : Grilner Baiim), with 4300 in-
hab., was once the residence of the Counts of Henneberg, who be-
came extinct in 1583. A chapel in the Church contains monuments
of the counts and countesses (1444-1 583j. The golden hen on the
fountain in the market-place belonged to the armorial bearings of
the counts. — Diligence from Schleusingen daily to Sifhl (p. 295).
37 M. Vessi'a, with an old abbey-church (now a barn;. — 39 M.
Themar, see p. 285.
IlmenaU. — Hotels. Tanne, ^j^ M. from the station, on the Ilm.
E. 2-31 o. B. 1, D. 1^4-31/2, pens. 51/2-7V25 omn. 1/2^4^, good; DeuUchcr
Kaiser, Kahnhof-Str., with garden; Loice. R. 1V2-3. B. 3/4, D. IV2-3, pens.
b-lJC (in room Xo. 1 Groethe spent his last birthday, 28th Aug., 1831) ; Sdch-
slscher Eof, R. lV.2-3. B. 1, D. IV2-2, pens. 5-61/2-^; Sonne: IJin-Am. —
Garden Restacraxts. Tanne (see above) ; Felsenkeller, Waldschldsschen,
both on the Schleusingen road. — Cafe Dittmar, Linden-Str. — Wine
at O. Behse's, Post-Strasse.
Saxatoria. Dr. Wiesel's Sanatorium, with fine garden; Korb's Kur-
Juius d- Badehaus, on the Schleusingen road. — Visitors' Tax 6-10 JC.
Post k Telegraph Office, corner of Alexander-Str. and Moltke-Str.
Carriages (fixed tariff, including tips ; tolls extra). To Gabelbach
with two horses 71,0, there and back 101/2 JC ; to the SchmiicJce via Mane-
bach 141/4 or 171/4; to OberJiof, 21 or 24; to Faulinzella, 16 or 201/2; to
Schwarzburg 21 JC.
Railway to Plane, Themar, and Gross-Breitenbach, see above and p. 295.
Ilmenau (1565 ft.), a pleasant town with 11,200 inhab. in the
grand-duchy of Weimar, on the Ilm , with porcelain and glass
factories, is a favourite summer-resort. Pretty walks in the valley
of the ////?. the Sophien-TaL and the Gahelhach-Tal.
From Ilmexau to the Kickelhahx (ca. 1^ .> hr. ; blue way-
marks;. We follow the Wald-Strasse from the Hm bridge, passing
(8 min.) a fountain-memorial to Friedrich Hoffmann and (20 niin.
farther I a medallion of the poet Scheffel. and in 20 min. more (guide-
post) take the road to the right to (8 min.) Gabelbach (2483 ft.;
rfmts.), a forester's cottage with reminiscences of Goethe and
Scheffel. The path thence traverses the wood, passing the (4 min.)
grand-ducal shooting -lodge of Gabelbach (2535 ft.), where Goethe
often stayed, to (20 min.) the summit of the Kickelhahn (2830 ft.),
one of the highest points in the Thuriiigian Forest, surmounted by
a view- tower 78 ft. in height (open in the afternoon only, 10 pf. ;
rfmts.) which commands a very extensive prospect.
About 200 paces to the X.W.* stood the Goethe- Hduschen, a wooden
hut where Goethe frequently spent the night, and on the wall of which
he wrote his exquisite lines "Ueber alien Gipfeln ist Ruh", on 2nd Sept.,
1783. The present hut was erected after the first was burned down (1870).
A still more interesting (though rather longer; l^/^ hr.) way to the
Kickelhahn is to cross the Ilm at Korb's Kurhaus ; thence to the (20 min.)
Preller Promenade, which skirts the Hohe Schlaufe : 5 Min. farther on a
footpath ascends to the left to a (7 min.; pine-wood, and soon after turns to
the right. "We then ascend round the HoUlcopf to (40 min.) a fork whence
we mount to the left to (1/4 hr.) the Grosse Hermannstein, a porphyry
rock surrounded by fir-trees, and (12 min.; the Goethe-Hauschen (see above).
ForcHt. SCHMtlC^KE. ^f>- Route. 297
From Ilmenau to the Schmucke. The Carriage Road (10 M.)
leads via Kammerher^g (1706 ft.; Peschke, R. from 75 pf., D. 1^4-
2^/2 o/^, well spoken of) and Manehach (1820 ft.; p. 295), two vil-
lages separated by the Ilm, 3 M. from Ilmenau. Thence we ascend
the Manebacher Grund to (3 M.) the Kieine Bodel, where we turn
to the right to ascend the Freihachs - Grund to the road from
Elgersburg (p. 295), which we then follow to the Schmiicke.
The Footpath (7^/2 M.; 3^/2 li^s.) diverges to the right beyond
the Felsenkeller (p. 296; guide-post), and after 4 min. to the left,
when it broadens; at the (6 min.) Sojjhiental pavilion we turn to
the right (guide-post); after 2 min. to the left; at the guide-post
('Schwalbenstein') 7 min. farther, we keep straight on, and after a
few paces farther turn to the right (guide-post) and in 12 min. more
we pass the Berthaquelle (right). At the Schwalhenstein (2020 ft.),
which lies to the left, 6 min. farther on, Goethe wrote the fourth
act of 'Iphigenia', on March 19th, 1779 ('sereno die, quieta mente').
We regain the main path and turn to the left; at the (5 min.) fork
we keep straight on, and in 5 min. more reach the Schoppen-
wiese (Schoffenhaus Inn). Soon after we turn to the left (guide-
post) and ascend through wood to the (12 min.) Bornwiese, where
a path from Elgersburg joins our route on the right. We proceed
straight on, but at a (7 min.) guide-post ('Marienquelle') turn to
the left. In 1/9 hr. more we reach the Monchshof (2465 ft.; inn;
1^ 4 hr. from Ilmenau), a prettily situated toll -house on the road
from Elgersburg (p. 295), which we follow to the left. In 25 min.
more we join the above-described carriage-road froniManebach, and
in another 1 hr. the carriage-road from Gehlberg (IV4 hr. ; p. 295);
the Schmucke lies 5 min. to the right (4 M. from the Monchshof).
The Schmiicke (2990 ft.) is a popular and very fair */?m (R.
from 2, D. 2^2 ^)? o^^ the margin of the forest, with meadows
stretching in front and a pretty view. — About V^2 ^- to the N.W.
of the Schmucke, on the road to Oberhof, is a finger-post indicating
the path to the right to the (20 min.) *Schiieekopf (3210 ft.;
rfmts.), the tower on which (adm. 20 pf.) commands a magnificent
survey of the plains of Thuringia (best towards evening), as far
as the Brocken and Kyffhauser, S. the Franconian and Rhon Mts.,
the Gleichberge near Romhild, etc. We now return by the same
path to the road.
From the Schmucke to Oberhof (2 hrs.; onin. IV 2 ^). At the
above-mentioned Schneekopf finger-post we keep straight on to the
(10 min.) cross-roads ('Adler'). Thence we may follow either the
highroad or the Bennsfieg (p. 289), the former skirting the N., the
latter the S. side of the Grosse Beerherg (3240 ft.). [The Renn-
stieg, diverging to the left, leads to (12 min.) Fldnkner's Aussicht
(3192 ft.), whence a fine view is obtained of Suhl, the Dolmar
(p. 284), the Gleichberge (p. 285), and the Rhon.] The path and
298 P^oute 46. OHRDRUF. Thuringion
road reunite at (25 min.i the point known as the Ausspanne, 2^ \ M.
from Station Oberhof \m the road to the left, and 3 M. from the
Aillage of Oberhof (p. 294) straight on via the Rondell.
A pleasant excursion may be made from the Schmiicke to the
*Adlersberg (2785 ft.). 2^ j hrs. to the S., an excellent point of view.
The route to it passes the Jlordfleckswiese (2716 ft.) and the *Stutfn-
hous Inn (2455 ft.; R. 2-4, D. 2i/._> JC). — About 3 M. from the Stutcn-
haus Inn lies Schmiedefeld (p. 295).
A path from the Schmiicke to (2 hrs.; 6V4 M.) Suhl (p. 294) diverges
to the riffht from the Schmiedefeld road after 1/2 ^-j and leads via
(IV2 M.) Goldlaater.
' e. From Gotha to Grafenroda via Georgental
I Fried rich roda).
221/2 ^I- Railway in li/., hr.
Gotha. see p. 277. — 3^ o ^^- Emlehen.
8 ]\I. Georgental (Schiltzenhof, 1 M. from the station, with
restaurant. R. 1^ o-3, D. l\,-2^ .„ pens. 4^ 2-60^; Deutscher Hof,
near the station of Georgental-Ort, R. 1^ ur2 ^C : Thilrinfjei^Waldj
between the station and the village, plain but good). The village
(1255 ft.), which lies ^ \ M. to the S.W. of the station, is much
frequented in summer (baths; visitors' tax 3 ^C). It possesses the
ruins of a Benedictine abbey of the 12th cent., destroyed in 1525.
Pleasant walks to the Borkenhduschen^ the Bergklaase, and the
Hammer icand (^ \ hr.). Railways to Tambach and to Friedrich-
roda, see p. 299.
The Road to (51/2 ^0 Friedrichroda leads to the AV. from Georgen-
tal. On the right is the village of Katterfeld: on the left the Immanuel-
Kirche and above it the 'Candelabrum' (see below). Altenhergen (2 M.)
is said to be the oldest village in Thuringia. About ^/^ M. above it is
a stone monument. 30 ft. high, in the shape of a church-candlestick
(hence known as the •Candelabrum*), erected in 1811 on the site of the
Church of St. John, which, according to an erroneous legend, was founded
in 724 by St. Boniface as the first Christian church in Thuringia. —
Returning to the road at Altenhergen, we continue our route to Engels-
bach. Pedestrians may now follow the Philosopheniceg, which, diverg-
ing to the left beyond the village, leads along the edge of the woods to
Friedrichroda.
10^2 ^J^. Ohrdruf (1253 ft.; Goldener Anker; Deutscher
Kaiser) is an old industrial town, with 6100 inhabitants. Numerous
pleasant walks in the vicinity.
From Ohrdruf a diligence runs daily in summer to (10 M. ; 4 hrs\
walk) Oherliof in 23/^ hrs. (in the revers'e direction in 2 hrs.). The road
gradually ascends the wooded hills of Thuringia and traverses a beautiful
valley with varying views. At the entrance to the (2V2 ^I-) Ohra-Tal
is the summer -resort of Luisental, with a good hotel (R. & B. 21/4-8,
D. 13/4-2 JC). To the S.E. rises the (50 mm.)" Kienh erg (2335 ft.; view).
The villages of (1/2 M.) Stutzhaus and (1 M.) Schwarzicald are next
passed. About 1 M. beyond the latter opens the StutzJiduser Grund
on the right ; farther on *the Trlef stein is passed, then the (21/2 ^0 lower
Chalet (1217 ft.: rfmts.): the upper Chalet is reached IV2 M. farther on,
and finally (1 M.) Oherliof, see p. 294.
Gotha»
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Wa^ifiriLDebes .Leipzig
Forest. FRIEDRICHRODA. ^^'- t^otde. 299
Beyond Ohrdruf the railway runs to the S.E. 13 M. Lnisental
(p. 298). To the right is the Kienherg (p. 298). — 151/2 M. Cra-
winkel. - 221/2 M. Grdfeiiroda, see p. 293.
From Georgental to Tambach, 31/2 M., branch -railway in
20 niin., ascending the pretty Apfelstddt-Grund. — VI ^ M.
Georqental-Ort; 2^/2 ^- Rodehachsmilhle. — 31/2 M. Tambach
{Ud>6 ii.\ Karhaus, 3/4 M. from the village, R. 2^/2, D. 1 1/2-2, pens.
5-6 c/^; FUrstenhlich; Falkenstem ., 3 min. from the station;
Waldenfels ; Schiltzenhof ; Bdr)^ a favourite summer-resort, sep-
arated by a brook from the hamlet of Dietharz (Herzog Alfred,
Felsental, both unpretending). There are many picturesque spots
in the vicinity (^Spiitergrund^ with a waterfall 65 ft. high; 5 M.
from the station). To Oberhof, see p. 294.
The shortest route from Tambach to Friedrichroda (2 lirs.; 8 M.
by road) leads to the N.W. via the (21/4 M.) Neue Haus, a forester's
house, and thence by (21/4 M.) Finsterhergen and the Gottlob. — The route
to the Inselsberg (33/4 hrs.) leads from the Neue Haus (see above) to the
(3 M.) Kreuz (2273 ft.), whence we follow the Rennstieg to (V2 hr.) the
Heubergshaus (p. 301) and the Inselsberg (p. 301).
f. From Frottstedt to Friedrichroda and Georgental.
Inselsberg.
To Georgental, 12 M., Railway in 1 hr. ; to Reinhardshru7in (the
most convenient station for Friedrichroda) in 1/2 hr.
Frottstedt, see p. 267. — 21/2 M. Waltershausen (1065 ft.;
Rudolph; Bahnhofs-Hotel ; Hirsch)^ a small manufacturing town,
with 6600 inhabitants. The chateau of Tenneberg (1443 ft.), 1 M.
from the station, commands a beautiful view. — 4M. Schnepfental
(1150 ft.; Herzog Alfred, R. IY2-2V2 ^)i where there is an ex-
cellent school founded by Salzmann in 1784. — 5^/2 M. Reinhards-
brimii, 5-10 min. from the chief hotels at Friedrichroda (cabs in
waiting; see p. 300). — Beyond a short tunnel ye reach (6 M.)
Friedrichroda (see below); this station is farther from the chief
hotels (hotel-omnibuses meet the trains). — 9 M. Schonau-Ernst-
roda. — 12 M. Georgental (p. 298).
Friedrichroda. — Hotels (crowded in summer). Kurhaus, above
the town, to the N. ; Herzog Ernst, in an open situation, to the W. ;
^Waldhaus, in a wooded park, R. 13/4-5, B. 1, D. 21/2, pens. 6-8V2 -^;
*Schauenburg, R. 2-5, D. 21/2-3 JC; Bohn, D. 2V2-3, pens. 6-8 JC, very
fair; Herzog Alfred ('Schweizer Haus'), R. 2-5, D. 1=^/4-3 JC; Bellevue ;
Klosterberg ; Lang, R. lVo-4 JC; National: Vier Jahreszeiten ; Lange,
Haupt-Str. 23, R. 2-4 JC; Wagener : Gerth, K. I1/2 ^; BahnJwf, at the
station. — In Reinhardsbrunn : Park, with a popular restaurant; Kloster-
milhle. — Dr. Kothe^s Sanatorium; Dr. Wankers Nerven-Heilanstalt. —
Lodgings in the town 10-18, on the hills 15-40 Jt per week. — Visitors^
Tax: 1 pers. 8, 2 pers. 12, a family 15-18 Ji per month.
Restaurants. Ktn^haus, Herzog Ernst, Schauenburg, Gerth, see
above. — Confectioner: Liebold, Haupt-Str. 14.
3(J0 lioate 46. TABARZ. Thuringian
Baths. Schreibers, with all kinds of baths.
Post & Telegraph Office, Liuden-Str., near the Protestant church.
— Baxd in the Kurhaus. — Summer Theatre, at the Goldener Stern,
Haupt-Strasse.
DiLiGExcE to Klein- Schmalkalden (p. 283), 8 M., once daily. — Omnibus
to the Inselsherg daily (there and hack 21/2 JC)\ to Taharz (60 pf.) or
Finsterhergen (1 JC), several times daily. — Motor Omnibus to the Oros.se
Inselsherg in 1 hr. several times daily (2 JC, return I1/4 rJC, there & back
3 JC). — Carriage with one horse 10-12, with two horses 15-20 JC per day:
from the station, with one or two horses (ordered in advance) 2 JC&i
3 JC. — Guide (unnecessary) 4 ^€ per daj" ; to the Inselsherg 2 JC. —
English Church Services during the season.
Fviedrichroda (1320-1445 ft.), with 4400 inhab., pleasantly
situated among meadows and pine-clad hills, is, perhaps, the most
popular among the summer -resorts of Thuringia, while it is also
frequented in winter. The environs afford many pleasant excursions,
and the walks in the neighbourhood are well-provided with guide-
posts and benches. The Kurhaus is situated on the S.W. slope of
the Reinhardsherrj 1540\ — About ^ 4 M. to the K is the ducal
chateau of "Reiiihardsbrimn «'1300 ft.), formerly a Benedictine
monastery, and converted into its present form in 1827-35 ladm.
25 pf.;. The ^V. facade is entirely modern. It stands in a charm-
ing park, with magnificent beeches.
Walks ''several of which may be combined in one excursion; comp.
Map). To the Damm-JIuhlc via the Reinhardsherg and back by road.
IV4 hr. : to the Gottlob (1845 ft.). on the S.. and back, 1 hr. ; to Finster-
hergen (Kurhaus & Pens. Felsenstein) through the woods and back via
Engelsbach. 3 hrs. ; by the 'Herzogs-Weg' to the (3 M.) Spiessberghaus
(inn) and the (6 M.) Heubergshaus (inn); to the Abtsberg (2285ft.) and
Gdnsekupxyc (2240 ft.) and back by the Schau^nburg (2080 ft.), 2 hrs. ;
in the Ungeheure Grund (see below), and to the Giickelhahnsprung : etc.
From Friedrichroda to Tabarz, 21.2 M. to the X.W., pedestrians
are recommended to follow the Oberbiichig Route, which passes the
(20 miu.) Marienglas-Hohle, a large grotto (adm. 60 pf.), and the entrance
of the Ungeheure Gruud. — Gross- Tabarz (ISOO ft.; *Kurhaus, R. IVr^,
D. 13/^-21 'o. pens, from 6 JC : *Schiesshaus ; Leuchtenburg). Klein-Tabarz
Jagdhaus), and Kabarz. generally included under the one name of
Tabarz, are frequented by numerous summer -visitors (visitors' tax
4-10 ^Sj. — A pleasant round of 21.2-3 hrs. in the ^Laucha-Grund is as
follows. Passing the (5 min.) Kurhaus and the ('/^ hr.) Lutherbrunnen,
we reach (5 min.) a guide-post pointing to the Aschenbergstein, and in
3 min. more the Massemiihle (restaurant). After passing (7 min.) a
second guide-post (pointing to the Backofenloch) and (4 min.) a third
(to the Inselsherg), we cross a bridge to the left and proceed along a
broad path. Affer 120 paces, guide-post [left to the Aschenbergstein),
our way is to the right; 18 min. farther on (halfway, to the right again)
is the 'Torstein (1730 ft.; ca. 1 hr. from Tabarz), V rock with a large
opening in it (to the Inselsherg, see p. 301). — We return to the guide-
post and follow the path in the opposite direction to the (1 M.) Aschen-
bergstein (2165 ft. ; view). Just before the summit two paths diverge to
the left: one leading via the Uebelberg to Tabarz; the other (which we
follow) leading via the (20 min.) Bdrenbruch to the (5 min.) road. About
5 min. to the left we reach a five-armed guide-post indicating the path
to the (10 min.) Guclcelhahnsprung . Thence we may return through the
Ungeheure G-rund to Tabarz or to' Friedrichroda.
Waller sh. a u s eu
)) Astpiivl
^'= E1L6I. Miles
Forei<t. INSELSBERG. 40. Ronfe. 301
From Fbiedrichroda to the Ixselsberg (2Y2-372 ^^^^^ there
are various routes. One leads via the Heubergshaus and Jagdherg ;
another, through the Ungeheure Grund, joins the first beyond the
Tanzbnche; a third runs by Taharz and the Laucha-Grund.
Footpaths. 1. Via Taharz and the Laucha-Grund to the
(1^/4-2 hrs.) Torsteiiij see p. 300. Passing through the opening oi'
the Torstein, we reach a small mountain-meadow, whence the Insels-
berg is seen to the right. We continue to ascend by the broad path,
keeping to the right where it divides (12 min.), cross two arms of
the Wilde Grahe^i, and ascend to the left; after Y4 ^^' we turn to
the left, skirting the brook; 7 min., Ave turn to the right (the Kleine
Inselsberg lies a few minutes on the left); in 8 min. more we cross
the highroad and in 7 min. turn to the right (on the left is a foot-
path from the Kleine Inselsberg); 7 min. later we again cross the
highroad and proceed straight to the (10 min.) summit (1 hr. from
the Torstein). — 2 M. By the 'Burgweg' to the (l^/g hr.) Tanz-
huche (2360 ft.) and the ducal hunting-lodge of Jdgersruh ; thence
we follow the road to (^/4 hr.) the Greiizwiese or Kleine Inselsberg
Innj where the road from Brotterode joins us on the left. We
follow the road to the right, ascend to the left after a few paces,
and reach the (^2 ^i^-) ^OP ^7 ^^^ Torstein path.
The *Grosse Inselsberg (3005 ft.), the summit of which
consists of porphyry, commands an extensive panorama, especially
towards the N., but unfortunately too often obscured by clouds and
fog. At the top are two verv fair hotels, a larger (Hot. Gotha;
R. 1-3, D. 21/4-3 ^) and a smdler. Winterstein (p. 302) is 31/2 M.
distant (guide-post to the N. of the Hotel Gotha).
From the Inselsberg to Ruhla (2 hrs.). We follow the Rennstieg
to the (1 hr.) Drei-Herrenstein, where a finger-post indicates the route
(to the right) to Ruhla (see p. 302). [A path to the right of the Renn-
stieg (between the boundary -stones 50 & 49) leads to the Veyiezianer-
stein, commanding a view of the Inselsberg-Loch.]
From the Inselsberg to Liebenstein. The shortest way (3 hrs.)
leads via the (1 hr.) Drei-Herrenstein (see above). Thence we proceed
to the left through the Thurlnger-Tal (brown marks : 2 hrs.), or continue
to follow the Rennstieg for '20-25 min. and then descend to the left,
passing the Luther Monument, to the (35 min.) Ruhla and Liebenstein
road, 1 hr. short of Liebenstein. The usual route (4 hrs.), however, is
via Brotterode. This descends from the smaller inn (finger-post; red
marks) for 23 min. (on the left a new path to Brotterode) ; 1/4 hi'- later
it quits the wood and leads through meadows; in 25 min. we reacli
Brotterode (1896 ft. ; Inselsherger Hof, R. or D. from IJC; Post), a large
village (pop. 3000) whence a local railway runs to Klein-Schmalkalden
(p. 283). Interesting excursion hence to the Mommelstein (2395 ft.), 3 M.
to the S. (blue marks). Beyond the village we follow the highroad,
skirting the Inselsberg- Grahen, to the *T7'usen-Tal, a picturesque rocky
ravine, where we turn to the right, and reach (IVd hr-) an artificial water-
fall (inn, 4 min.). The ravine expands ; 1/4 hr. farther on lies Herges
(Trusental Inn), separated by the Truse or Druse from Amcallenhurg,
a village with a ruin. [From Herges a picturesque path leads to Schmal-
kalden (p. 283), 6 M.]. Turning to the right at the Trusental Inn, we follow
the highroad to the W., via (3 M.) Beirode, to (IV2 M.) Liebenstein (p. 285).
302 I^onte 46. RUHLA. Thurhigian Forest.
g. Prom Wutha to Ruhla.
4»/.2 M. Railway in i o ^^■
Wutha, see p. 267. — The train ascends the valley of the
Erhstrom. 1^ 4 M. Farnroda. — 3 M. Thai (1085 ft.; Kurhaus,
R. 11 2-3. pens. S-GVo ^^^Z Tannhduser, R. 1-2 ^//), a village with
750 inhab., picturesquely situated at the foot of the ruin-crowned
Scharfeiiberg (1340 ft.; view), with a stalactite-cavern. About
2 M. to the E. is the Meisenstein (lllo ft.; view), a porphyry rock.
From Winterstein .1180 ft.; Adler; Hirsch), IV o M. to 'the S. of
the Meisenstein, a visit may be paid to the pretty Sembach-Tal. —
3^ 2 ^- Uei'^g^iistein.
4^0 X. Rullla. — Hotels. Hotel -Pension zum Laiidgrafen^ R.
li'^-2i'.2, pens. 4-6 ^^ ; BcUevue. both commanding good views; Schicaii,
R. l-lV-2 ^*; Kaiserhof; Traube. in the village: Kurhaus, to the W. of
the village, with baths. D. 11/4-21/2 JC. — Railway Restaurant. — Omnibus
to the Hohe Sonne. 4 times daily in l^j^ hr.. 1 Jc. — Carriage to Eisenach
via the Hohe Sonne 12, to Liebenstein 10 JC.
Ruhla 1 1150-1475 ft.), a favourite summer-resort, extends to a
length of upwards of 2 M. in the valley of the Erhstrom, a brook
which divides the town into two parts, of which the E. belongs to
Gotha, the ^T. to Weimar. The chief occupation of the inhabitants
(6600) is the manufacture of wooden and meerschaum tobacco-
pipes, to the value of 300,000/. annually. The small museum is
open daily, 9-6 (30 pf.). Good points of view are the Ringherg
(2290 ft.;' to the X.W.) and the Breitenherg (2280 ft.; to the E.;.
From Rchla to the Ixselsberg. Carriages (18 ,.4C) generally make
a long circuit by Winterstein and Kabarz (p. 300). The attractive route
for pedestrians occupies Si/.,-! hrs. We leave Ruhla by the Rittergasse
at the upper (S.) end, and after a few minutes turn to the right and
cross the Erbstrom : after 25 min. we cross the brook again and regain
the highroad in 50 min. ; we cross the latter and proceed in a straight
direction to the (35 min.) Drei-Herrenstein ; or follow the highroad to
the right fo~ about 400 paces and enter the wood to the left by a path
leading in 20 min. to the Gerberstein (see p. 286), thence back' towards
the E., along the top of the hill in 12 min. to a grassy clearing, and
then to the right in 20 min. to the above-mentioned Drei-Herrenstein
(2340 ft.). Of the four paths diverging here, the Rennstieg, that most to
the left, is to be selected, and the boundary-stones along" the top of the
hill followed to the (11/2 hr.) summit of the Inselsberg (p. 301). The
Venezianer stein (p. 301) is reached by diverging to the left before the
last ascent.
From Ruhla to Eisexach. The direct route (3 hrs.) leads
through the Barenhach-Tal, ascends to the (1/2 hr.) Rennstieg,
and follows the latter to the (3 hrs.) Hohe Sonne "(p. 282). — The
following route, though somewhat longer (3\ o hrs.), is preferable.
From the Landgrafen- Hotel a zigzag ascends to a broad path
above the road; turning to the left we rejoin the road in I/2 hr.
more, leaving it again shortly afterwards (past a guide-post) for a
footpath to the left, which brings us in ^ ^ ^^' to the *'Wachstein
(1905 ft.), a group of rocks rendered accessible by steps and paths,
MANSFELD. 47. Route. 303
and commanding an extensive view. To the N. rise the Harz Mts.,
to the W. the RhOn. — We now follow the Anne-Marie path for
12 min., and descend to the right by a footpath leading in 40 min.
to the carriage-road; turning to the right, we pass the (8 min.)
Auerhahn Inn and in 35 min. more reach the Hohe Sonne (p. 282).
- - Thence, through the Anna-Tal or the Landgrafenschlucht, to
Eisenach, see p. 282.
47. From Berlin or Halle to Cassel via
Nordhausen.
From Berlin to Cassel, 230 M. ; express (Silesian Station) in l^/^hrs.
(fares 30 t/;i^ 10, Id JC 30, 12 ^^ 40 pf.); ordinary trains in IOV4 In'S. (fares
28 J6 10, 17 J^ 30, 11 JC 40 pf.)-
From Halle to Cassel, 135 M., railway in 4-6 hrs. (express-fares 18^
90, 12 c^ 30, 1 JC 80 pf. ; orcHnary fares 16 JC 90, 10 c^ 30, Q JC 80 pf.).
Berlin, see p. 1. The trains use the rails of the 'Stadtbahn'
(p. 1) as far as (772 ^'^•) Charlottenhurg . 15 M. Wannsee (p. 22).
Several unimportant stations. 75^2 ^- Guterglilck^ the junction
for the Zerbst and Magdeburg line (p. 253). The train now crosses
the Elbe. — 88 M. Calbe (Sonne; Stern)., an old town on the Saale.,
with 12,400 inhabitants. On the right bank is the old Prsemon-
stratensian abbey of Gottesgnaden. Grizehne (p. 249), a station
of the Magdeburg and Leipzig railway, lies 1^/4 M. to the E. —
98 M. Gilsten^ the junction of the Cothen-Aschersleben railway
(p. 250) and of a branch-line to Magdeburg (271/2 M.; p. 249). —
lOSM. Sander sleben (pop. 3700; Ratskeller; Railway Restaurant),
on the right bank of the Wipper, where the Halle and Aschers-
leben line diverges (R. 49). — 112 M. Hettstedt is the junction of
light railways running to (2772 ^^0 Halle, and via Mansfeld and
Eisleben to (171/2 M.) Helfta.
118 M. Mansfeld (Preussischer Hof), with 2700 inhab.,
chiefly employed in the copper-slate quarries of the vicinity, lies
3 M. to the W. of the station (light railway in 20 min.). Luther's
father was at one time a miner at Mansfeld, whither he removed
from Eisleben in 1484. The house he occupied (with 'J. L., 1530'
above the door) and the school his son attended are still extant.
The castle of the old Counts of Mansfeld was destroyed in the
Thirty Years' War, but partly rebuilt in 1860 (interesting chapel).
131 M. Sangerkaiisen^ see p. 304.
Halle, see p. 250. The train crosses the Saale. 6 M. Schlettau.
— 17 M. Oherrohlingen am See. The Salzige See (salt-lake), the
larger of the two Mansfeld Lakes, was drained in 1892-95.
A branch-railway rnns hence to (91/2 M.) Querfurt (Goldener Stern )-
a town of 5000 inhab., with an old castle (14-15th cent.) and a Roman,
esque church, and to (20 M.) Vitzeyihurg.
304
Eoufe 47. . ROSSLA. From Berlin
24 M. Eisleben (407 ft.: Kaiserhof. PL d: Goldries Schiff,
PI. b; Wald's Hotel, PL c, at these two R. 2-2^ o- ^- ^/4 -^^), a town
with 25.100 inhab., was the birthpL^ce of Martin Luther (1483-
1546). The Bahuhof-Str. leads to the left from the station to the
late-Gothic church of St. Peter and St. Paul (PL 4: 1486-1513),
in which Luther was baptized. A little to the X., at Xo. 16 Luther-
Str. (PL 8j, is the house in which he was born (adm. daily 9-12
and 2-4, Sun. 3-6; 25 pf.>. A bronze Statue of Luther iPL*^?), by
Siemering, was unveiled in the market-place in 1883. St. Andrew^ s
Church iPl. 2) contains the pulpit from which he preached and some
interesting monuments of Counts of Mansfeld. Opposite the church
is the House (PL 9) in which Luther died (^refitted in 1894), con-
taining various relics (adm. in summer 8-12 and 2-7, in winter
10-12 and 2-4: tickets at the Rathaus, 30 pf.). Extensive copper-
slate mines in the neighbourhood. — Light railway from Eisleben
to Hettstedt. see p. 303.
^^'e now pass through a tunnel. 33 M. Biestedt.
37 M. Sangerhausen 505 ft.: Kaiser in Augusta, R. 2-3,
D. 1% .//, good: Thiiringer Hof, R. 1^0-21 2 ^^ ; Rail. Restau-
rant, J), l^/o t^j, a town with 12,400 inhab., mentioned as early
as 991. St. Ulrich's Church, said to have been erected by Lewis
the Springer in 1079, in performance of a vow made by him during
his captivity at the G-iebichenstein ^p. 252), was rebuilt in the
13th cent, and restored in 1892, and is the latest example of the
early-Saxon style, with three apses (comp. p. 315). The Church
of St. James, containing a fine carved altar, and the Rathaus
date from the 15th cent., the Keue Schloss from 1616-22. The
Rosarium, in the town-park, is well worth a visit.
From Saxgerhausex to Erfurt. 43 Vo M- railway iu l-l^ 4 hr. The
train crosses the HeJme near (3 M.} Oherrohlingen. From (9 M.j Artern
f^Goldene Sonne: Goldene Kronej. on the Unstrut. a branch runs to Xaum-
burg rsee p. 263;. IOV2 ^- Beinsdorf. — From '12i'.2 M.) Bretleben branch
to (7M.; FranTcenhausen (p. 305). — 16 M. Heldrungen r Thiiringer Hof j,
with an ancient Schloss. in which Thomas Miinzer. the Anabaptist, was
imprisoned in 1525. — 28 M. Sommerda . the junction of the Gross-
Heringen and Straussfurt line (p. 264;. — 431/2 M. Erfurt, see p. 264.
41 M. Wallhausen. The line now enters the fertile Goldene
Aue, watered by the Helme, and extending to Xordhausen.
47 M. Rossla. — Hotels. Kyffliauser, at the station, R. li,._,-
D. l^UJC: Deutscher Kaiser, R. IV2-2. D. li/o.^. — Baihcay Bestaurant.
Carriages. Two-horse carr. to the Kyffhauser Monument 6. there
and back 10 JC; to the monument, the Barbarossa Cavern, and back
15 JC. — Omxibuses. To Sittendorf 50 pf., to Richter's Hotel (halfway
up) 1 JC, to the (1 hr.) Monument I1/2 (there & back 2 JC).
Rossla (500 ft.), with 2500 inhab. and a chateau of Prince
Stolberg, is a convenient starting-point for a visit to ih.^ Kyffhauser
(see p. 305), 5 M. to the S. The route leads via i2i ., M.j Sittendorf
(Schalk Inni and the (1\ ^ M.j Kohlstcttte (p. 305j. "
1-JiVJLaiI-lC-S
'otraph. Anfttalt von
to Cassel. KYFFHAUSER. 47. Route. 305
50 M. Berga-Kelhra lies IV4 M. to the N.W. (onm. 50 pf.) of
tlie small town of Kelbra (Kaiserhof, R. V/,^-2, D. V/.,-2 Ji ;
Lindenhof; Preussischer Hof)^ at the N.W. base of the Koten-
burg (see below). From the station a branch-line I'uns to llottlehe-
rode (Stolherg)^ see p. 321.
The Kyffhauser is usually visited from Rossla or Kelbra on the N.,
or from Frankenhausen on the S. — A good plan is to start at Kelbra.
visit the (35 min.) Rotenburg and the (IV.j hr.) Kyffhauser, and return
either via (1 hr.) Rossla or via (21/2 hrs.) Frankenhausen.
From Kelbra (see above) both a carriage-road and a footpath ascend
the Tannenhergs-Tal to the Botenbzirg (inn; view), a ruined castle of
the 12th cent., adjoining which is a Bismarck Tower. Pedestrians bound
for the Kyffhauser thence follow the road to the S. for 8 min., and turn
to the left by a pleasant footpath which in 3/4 hr. joins the road from
Sittendorf about 8 min. short of the Kohhtdtte (to the right). Thence to
the monument, 12 min. more. Carriages from Kelbra follow the Franken-
hausen road as far as an Obelisk (see the Map), whence the 'monument-road'
leads to the left to the Kohlstattc, where passengers alight.
The wooded Kyffhauser (1500 ft.) is crowned by a ruined castle,
once occupied by the Hohenstaufen, consisting of the Oberburg, with its
tower 80 ft. in height, and the XJnterburg with the chapel. According
to an ancient tradition, the Emp. Frederick Barbarossa slumbers in the
bowels of the earth beneath the castle, ready to burst forth as soon as
Germany regains her former glory.
Adjoining the Oberburg is a magnificent architectural ^Monument
to Emp. "William I., designed by Bruno Sclimitz and erected in 189(>
by the German military associations at a cost of about 800,000 tS
(i0,000?.). The total height of the structure, which rises in terraces, is
210 ft. On the lower terrace, within a small rectangular court, is a seated
figure of Frederick Barbarossa, by N. Geiger. On the upper terrace is
a colossal equestrian statue of William I., in copper, by E. Hundrieser.
31 ft. high; on the pedestal, a German warrior and the figure of History.
Above the monument rises a tower 187 ft. high, wliich may be ascended
by a spiral staircase and commands a splendid view (adm. 50 pf.). — About
10 min. to the S. is an inn (R. & B. 21/2-31/2, D. 2 JC).
Descent to (1 hr.) Rossla, see p. 301. The carriage-route to Franken-
hausen leads via the Obelisk (see above). Walkers, however, take a path
to the right, 2 min. beyond the Kohlstattc, which leads through woods
and in 1/2 hr. joins the road about 1 M. to the N. of Prince Schwarz-
burg's shooting-lodge of Rathsfeld (1255 ft.), 1/4 M- beyond which is an
inn. Thence to Frankenliausen, 31/2 M.
Frankenhausen (Zum Mohren, R. IV2-2V4, D- 1^/4-2 JC, good
cuisine; ThUringer Hof; Deutsches Haus), a small town (6500 inhab.)
with salt-baths (visitors' tax 6 t^) and salt-works, near which Thomas
Miinzcr (p. 301) and the rebellious peasantry were defeated in 1525.
A branch-railway runs hence to (13 M.) Sondershausen (p. 309), via
(21/2 M.) Rottleben, a village I1/2 M. to the S. of the Barbarossa Cavern,
330 yds. in length, with subterranean lakes (electric lighting; adm.
70 pf.). The direct route from the Kyffhauser to the cavern (1^/4-2 hrs.)
diverges to the right from the road about 1/2 M. beyond the Rathsfeld
inn (see above). — Railway from Frankenhausen to Bretleben, see p. 301.
60 M. Nordhausen {"^ Romlscher Kaiser ^ R. 21/4-4, D. 21/4 Jt, ;
Schneegass ; Berliner Hof; Weintrauhe., all in the town; "^Fried-
richskrouj Bahnhof, Wieg, Borse^ at the station), with 31,000 in-
hab., situated on the Zorge, on the S. slopes of the Harz Mts.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 20
30(5 Route 47. LANGENSALZA.
(R. 50), possessing extensive distilleries, was frequently the scene
of councils and assemblies of princes in the middle ages. An elec-
tric tramway runs through the town. In the Friedrich-Wilhelm-
Platz is a bronze Statue ofEmp. Frederidc III., by Bormel (1901 •,
and near it is a Statue of Bismarck, by Schneider (1900j. The
Cathedral is a fine late-Gothic edifice, with carved choir-stalls and
a Romanesque crypt (12th cent.). The Church of St. Blasius
contains two pictures by Cranach: an Ecce Homo, and a Raising
of Lazarus, with Luther and Melanchthou among the mourners.
Near the Rathaus (1610) are a Roland's Column (p. 104) and a
Luther Fountain, surmounted by a bronze statue of the Reformer
by Schuler (1888). The Museum of Antiquities is open daily,
except Mon., 11-1 & 3-5. The old fortifications have been converted
into promenades, but fragments of the old walls remain. Pleasant
walk through the Gehege to the Wilhelmshdhe (Inn, with view of
the Harz Mts.).
From Xordhauseu to Weniigerode, see p. 329; to Erfurt and Brun-
sicick . see R. 48. A railway runs also to Kortheim and Ottberycn
(see p.' 48).
63V2 ^- Wolkramshausen (^. 309). — 86 M. Leinefelde.
From Leixefelde to Wulftex. 25 M., railway in 13 ^ hr. (2 JC 40.
1 ^€ 60 pf.). The principal intermediate station is (12 M.) Duderstadt
r Meyer, R. 2i 0-23/4, D. 11/2-1^/4 ^; Lowe), an ancient town, to the X..
with 5800 inhab. and an interesting Rathaus (1432-1528) and other old
buildings. — 25 M. Wulften. Thence to Xortheini, see p. 48.
From Leixefelde to Gotha. 42 M., railway in 2 hrs. — The first
important station is (17 M.} Muhlhausen (656 ft.; Konig von Preussen,
R. 2-5, D. 2 JC: Weisser Schu-nn: Englischer Hof ,, an ancient town
with 34,300 inhab. on the Uustrut. Tlie Gothic Church of St. Marg
(14th cent.), with double aisles, and the old stained glass in the church
of St. Bht.^ii'S (14th cent.) deserve mention. In the Peasants" War of
1523-25 Muhlhausen was the headquarters of the fanatic Thomas Miinzer,
who was afterwards executed here. Branch-line to Hohenebra (p. 30y).
~ 23V2 ^i- Langensalza (Schv:an: Mohr), a busy town of 12,500 inhab.
with cloth and utber factories, near which the Hanoverians capitulated
to the Prussians in 1866. The sulphur-baths of that name are prettily
situated on the Unsfrut, ^ '., M. distant. Branch-line to (13 M.) Kiihii-
hauscn (p. 309). — 42 M. Gotha, see p. 277.
From Leinefelde to Niederhoyie, see p. 338.
The broad Leine-Tal is now descended. 96 M. Heiligenstadt
870 ft.; Eichsfelder Hof I, on the Leine, with 7900 inhab. and two
churches in the Gothic and transition styles. Pop. 7300.
105^ ., M. Eichenberg, junction for Gottingen and Bebra (p. 338 .
Our line descends the Werra-TaL — 109 M. Witzenhausen.Mhh
vineyards, on the left bank. On the left rises the Meissner (p. 338;
ascent in 3 hrs.;. — The train crosses the Werra.
120 M. Mi'uuJen, see p. 66. — 135 M. Cassel, see p. 57.
307
48. Prom Brunswick to Nordhausen and
Erfurt via Borssum (Harxburg, Goslar).
135 M. Railway in o'/rTV-i Ins. (fares 16 Jt 90, 10 Ji 30, G ^^ 80 pf.,
express 18 JC 90, 12 ^30, 1 JC 80 pf.). To Nordhausen in 3-51/2 lirs. —
From Brunswick to Harzhurq, 28 M., in IV2 hr- (fares 3 ^ 60, 2 c^ 30,
1 ,iC 15 pf.); to Goslar, 31 M., in IV2 hr. (3 JC 90, 2 ^^ 50, 1 c^ 55 pf.).
Brinisivick, see p. 84. The train passes the ducal park and
the chateaux of Neu- Richmond and Alt -Richmond. The line to
Helmstedt and Magdeburg diverges to the left (p. 47).
7^/2 M. Wolfenbiittel. — Hotels. Lowe, Breite Herzog-Str. 20,
R. 2-3, B. 3/4, D. IV2 «^; Bayrischer Hof, in the market-place, R. 2-3,
D. 13/4 JC; Deutsches Hans, Grosse Zimmerhof; Kronprinz, Bahnliof-
Strasse. -- Restaurants. BatskeUer, in the Rathaus ; Kaffeehaus, Am
Wall. — Post & Telegraph Office, Bahnhof-Strasse. — Electric Rail-
way to the Lechlumer Holz und Brunsiciclc, see p. 92.
Wolfenbuttel, an old Brunswick town with 19,200 inhab., on
the OkeVy is famous for its library, of which Lessing was librarian
from 1770 till his death in 1781. There are many quaint timber
buildings of ca. 1600.
The ducal Chateau (now a school), in the Schloss-Platz, \ 2 ^f-
to the N. of the station, dates in its present form from the 16th
century. — The former Arsenal is a Renaissance edifice of 1619.
— Lessing resided from 1777 to 1781 at Lessing-Platz 2, a one-
story house opposite the entrance to the library.
The LiBKARY (open on week-days, 9-1), which now occupies a
handsome new building (1881-86), contains 300,000 vols., over
7000 MSS., and numerous paintings (e.g. portrait of Spinoza).
Ground Floor. In the Vestibule is a relief of Lessing, by D6U
(1795). To the right are the reading-room and students' rooms.
Main Room. The most interesting MSS. are exhibited in glass-cases :
Codex Carolinus, a palimpsest with fragments of the Gothic Bible of
Ulphilas ; Chrysostom's homilies on St. Matthew, a Greek uncial MS.
of the 6tli cent. ; Codex Arcerianus, a Latin uncial MS. (ca. 600); Charle-
magne's Capitulare Ecclesiasticum (789), an Anglo-Saxon MS., and his
Capitulare de Villis; a Greek Book of the Gospels, with pictures of
three Evangelists (10th cent.), etc. The two large show-cases contain
snmptuous bindings, memorials of Lnther, indulgences, etc.
First Floor. Two side-rooms here are devoted to early examples
of printing, including first editions of the Biblia Pauperum in Latin and
in German and the only extant example of Ulrich Boner's 'Edelstei)i\
the earliest printed work in German (1161). In the Hall of Art are
drawings and prints, among which are the Triumphal Procession of
Emp. Maxiniilian, with wood-cuts by H. Burgkmaier, and Diirer's
' Ehrenp forte Maximilian's (1515; freely restored).
The Ducal Archives contain about 20,000 documents; the per-
manent exhibition is open free daily. — St. Mary's CA^^rcA presents
a curious mixture of Gothic and Renaissance forms (1608-1750).
The interior (adm. 1 ^l)^ with the ducal mortuary chapel, is inter-
esting. — The Ramparts were converted into promenades in 1863.
Branch-line from Wolfenbiittel via Schoppenstedt (p. -17). Jcr.yheiin.
(p. 49), and Osrher-slchcn 1 p. 311) to fJalbfrf^fadt (p. 310).
20*
308 ^^?<'^ ^^- SCHARZFELD. From BnumcUk
13 31. Borssum (Bail. Resiavrant), the junction of the Bruns-
wick-Harzburg and Magdebnrg-Colognc lines (R. 5), is situated at
the confluence of the Use and Oker.
The Harzburg Line follows the Okcr towards the S. — 23 M. (from
Bruuswick} Vienenburg is the Junction of tlie Hallc-Scesen line (R.49).^
28 M. Harzhiirg, see p. 325.
From Borssum to (40 31.; Seesen, see p. 49. The Xordhausen
line turns to the S. and skirts the S.3\^. slopes of the Harz district,
where a number of pictnresque spots have recently come into favour
rcomp. 3rap, p. 3121. — About 3 31. to the X.E. of (48 31.) Gittelde
(hotel-omnibus in ^ ^ hr. : 75 pf.) lies the picturesque summer-resort
of (3 31.) Grund -pop. 2200; "^Rathaus, pens. 4^/2 ^/ Kurhaus:
Schiitzenhaus, E. 1^ .,-2^:^_^\ visitors' tax 2-lo'J^). About 1 31.
to the X. is the Hilbicheustein (1410 ft.V
52 31. Osterode (Kaiserhof, R. 1^4-2' 4, D. IV2-IV4 -^ ■'
Deutscker Hof), on the Sose, a town of 7500 inhab., with many
picturesque old houses. Handsome Rathaus (1552). Several mon-
uments in the 3Iarkt-Kirche. Diligence to (931.) Claustal, see p. 332 :
light railway to Kreiensen ('p.69i. — To the right, about halfway be-
tween Osterodp and Herzberg, is the JettenJwhle, a stalactite cavern.
60 M. Herzberg (Hannover ; Weisses Ross^ R. 1^/2-2^/4^;
Kurhaus). on the Sieher. the junction of the line to Xortheim
(p. 69). was the seat of the Dukes of Bruuswick-Celle down to 1634.
Pop. 3900. The Schloss was founded by Emp. Lothaire about 1130.
From Herzberg through the Sieber-Tal to St. Andreasberg, see p. 333.
64 31. Scharzfeld (833 ft.: Schuster, at the station. R. 21/0,
From the village, ^j^ 31. from the station, we ascend in 10 min. to
the Steinkirche, a grotto connected by tradition with St. Boniface, and
used as a church down to the middle of the 18th century. Hence we
may proceed over the Brenke and to the E. to '^^^ hr.) the Einhornhohle
C^jo M. from the station ; key and guide at the Schuster Inn, 1 JC). another
cavern, where many fossils* have been found. To the S. rises the beauti-
fully-situated ruin of Scharzfels (12.5.5 ft. ; inn), whence we descend to
Scharzfeld station in 20 minutes. — A pleasant footpath leads to the E.
from the station via the PhilosopJiaigang to (iyti.) Lauferbcrg (see below).
From Scharzfeld to St. Axdreasberg, 91/0 31., railway in 50 minutes.
— The line ascends the vallev of the Oder.' 2Vo M. Lauterberg (980 ft. ;
Lnngrehr, R. 21/2-3V2- D. 23/^ 'jc. very fair; Kurpark : Kurh^ms: Deutscher
Kaiser: Krone), a small town (5700 inhab.). with pleasant wooded
environs, a water-cure establishment, and a good bath-house, is adapted
for a prolonged stay (visitors' tax 2-10 Ji) and is frequented in winter
also. The Hausberg (1380 ft.: inn) commands an extensive prospect.
The view is still finer from the Kurnrn-el ri970 ft. : easilv ascended from
Lauterberg in 1 hr.). To the E. is the SchoJben (1870 ft*.). — To (3 hrs.)
Hieher fp. 333): through the Gercide Lauter-Tal to the (1/2 hr.) Kvpfer-
HUtte. a forester's house ; then to the left and in 3/^ hr. again to the
left and via the Knollen-Tal to the summit of the (3/^ hr.) Grosse Knollen,
rommanding another fine view, particularlv towards the Brocken. Thence
to Sieber, 1 hr. — Through the Wiesehbecker-Tal, with the (V" hr.)
picturesque Wi^'senbeckfr Teich, to the (11/4 hr.) *Ravensberg (2Q65 ft. ;
Inn at the top). ^- .31', M. Kiirpnrk : 5 M. Oderfal. Up the valley of
the Sperrhdfrr. -- 9' o M, Sf.Audrr'riabrrg. see p, 332.
to Erfurt. SONDEKSHAUSEN. -i^- i^oute. 309
72 V2 iVJ. Bad Sachsa (1000 ft.; Schiltzeithaus, K. 2-3 V„ 1>.
2^2-3 ^1 well spoken of; Bismarck., R. 2-4 c^; Lindenhofy R. from
IY2 ^; visitors' tax 4-8 t/l), a small town with 2500 inhab., 1 M.
to the N. of the station, frequented as a summer-resort. Ascent to
the Bavenshenj (1^4 hr.), see p. 308. — To the right of the railway
rises the Romer'stehij a group of dolomite rocks resembling a
ruined castle. — 72 M. Walkenried (pop. 1500; Goldener LOwe;
Rail. Restaurant), a village with the imposing ruins of a Cistercian
abbey, comprising a church and line early-Gothic cloisters of the
13-14th cent. (1 pers. 50 pf., 2-5 pcrs. 1 zy/l).
From Walkenried to Braunlage, 15 M., railway in IV4 lir. — 3 M.
Wieda (Stadt Braunschweig). — About IV2 M. to the S. of the (7 M.)
station of Stoberhai rises the Stoberhai (21362 ft. ; Inn, R. l-lV-^j
J). 21/2 t^), commanding a fine view. — Beyond (10 M.) Kaiserweg the
line reaches itn culminating point (1990 ft.). — I21/2 M. Brunnenbachs-
milkley junction for Tanne (p. 321). — 15 M. Braunlage, see p. 321.
The train now passes through a. tunnel and reaches (77 M.)
Ellrich (820 ft.; Schwarzer Adler ; Konicf von Preassen)., a
small town prettily situated on the Zorge. Pleasant environs.
Picturesque walk hence by the Bitrgberg and the forest of Hinimel-
reich to (1 hr.) Walkenried (see above). Another to the E., by the
villages of Werna eLiid Appem'ode, to I If eld (21/2 hrs.; see below). Sillz-
liayn, 2 M. to the N.E., has several sanatoria for consumptive patients.
— About 5 M. to the N. of Ellrich is Zorge (inn), to the N.E. of which
lies (1 hr.) Hohegeiss (3000 ft.; Kasten; Dicke Tannen), the highest
village in the Harz.
8272 ^- NiederSachswerfen (Rail. Restaurant), the station for
(3 M.) Ilfeld (p. 329). To the right rises the precipitous Kohnstein.
86 M. Nordhausen (p. 305), the junction of this line with the
Halle and Cassel railway (R. 47).
Beyond (91 M.) Wolki-amshaasen the Erfurt line crosses the
Wipper. 931/.2 M. Klein-Furraj 2 M. to the N. of Straussberg.
98^2 ^^- Sondershausen (850 ft.; Filrstenhof; Tanne;
Deutsches Hans; Hotel Mimch, R. & B. 2Y2-3 c/^), the capital of
the principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, charmingly situated
in the Wipper-Tal. Pop. 7400. The JSchloss contains a few anti-
quities and a natural history collection. The Stadt-Kirche (17th
cent.) contains an old font and a valuable library. It is adjoined
by the princes' mausoleum (1892). The concerts given by the
prince's orchestra, which enjoys a wide reputation, are performed
in the Loh-Platz on Sun. afternoons in summer. Fine view from
tlie Bismarck-Turm on the Goldner (20 min.) and from the Possen
(1420 ft.), an eminence of the Haiuleite, V^'o hr. to the S. —
Branch-line to Frankenhausen (see p. 305).
1031/2 M. Hohenebra (branch to Miihlhausen, p. 306); 119 M.
Straussfurt (branch-line to Gross-Heringen, see p. 264); 128 M
Kilhnhausen (branch-line to Langensalza, p. 306).
135 M. Erfurt, see p. 264.
31U
49. From Halle fLeipxigj to Seesen
via Aschersleben and Goslar (Hildesheivi,
Hanover).
101 M. Railway in 3-5 brs. This line passes the X. and E. side (»f
the Harz district ^.Ballenstedt. Thale. Wernigerode, Harzburg, Claustal).
Halle, see p. 250. — 4^ o.M. Trotha, on the Saale. About
5 M. to the S.W. of (12 M.) Naaemlorf (diligence) lies Wettin
(Preussischer Hof', a small town of 2850 inliab.. with the ancestral
chateau < 1123-56 1 of the various ruling houses of Saxony. From
(18* 9 M.) Connern a branch-line runs to (20^ ^ ^^ ) ^^^^^ (p. 303},
via (10 M.) Bernburg. Then across the Saale to (26 M.) Bellehen
and (29 M.) Sanderslehen, on the Wipper, where our line crosses
that from Berlin to Cassel <Il. 47i.
36 M. Aschersleben 377 ft.: Deutsches Haas: Schmidt.
R. 13 4-2V\t. D. 1-% -.//;, an ancient town with 27,900 inhab., the
ancestral seat of the princes of the Ascanlan line, is the junction
of the line to Bernburg and Cothen (p. 2491. The Gothic Church
of Sf. Stephen contains paintings by the elder Cranach and his
pupils. ^ At HeckUngen, 7 M. to the X., is an interesting Roman-
esque convent-church. The Arnstein (740 ft.), one of the finest
ruined castles in the Harz, lies 6 M. to the S.
41 M. Frose^ with a fine Romanesque church (12th cent.), is
the junction for (9 M.) Ballenstedt 'p. 314i and (IS^/o M.j Qaedlin-
hury (p. 313j.
b2 M. Wegeleben, the junction of a branch-line to (7\,2 M.'
Quedlinhurg (p. 313), Neimtedt, and (13 M.) Thale (p. 317).
56 M. Halberstadt. — Hotels. *Pnnz Eugen fPl. a ; C, 3),
with restaurant. R. from 2. D. 2Vo .i, ; HalherstMter Hof (PI. g; F, 2),
R. from '2JC: Goldenes Boss (PI. b; D. 2. 3;; Weisses Ross (PI. d; D, 3),
R. 2-5, D. i'/o-3.^,- BahnlioU-Hdtel (PL f; E. 2). R. l^l.^-^^l^ ^4C; Central
rPl. e: D. 2;. R. li/o-2 .€ : Thuringer Hof (PL c; D, 2).
Restauraxts. Kaiserhaus. Breite Weg: Central, D. IV2 ^' Wehr-
stedt, Fischmarkt 3; PudhauskeUer ; Martinslclause (wine), Martini-
Plan 36; Rail. Bestau rant; Automatic Restaurant, Breite Weg 46.
Post & Telegraph Office ';P1. B. 3}. Doni-Platz. — Baths at the
Bade-Anstalt (PL B. 2). — Electric Tramways from the Railway Station
(PL F, 2) to the Fischmarkt (PL C, 3} and thence through the streets
to the W. and X.W.
Halberstadt (400 ft.t is an old town with 48,000 inhab., on the
Holtemine, boasting of a considerable trade and important manu-
factories. The episcopal see, founded as early as the 9th cent., was
suppressed at the Peace of Westphalia (1648i.' The timber architec-
ture of the 15-1 6th cent., with its projecting upper stories and rich
sculptural ornamentation, is still admirably preserved here. The
chief of these buildings are in the Market Place iPl. C, 3), which
is divided by the Rathaus into the (E.) Fischmarkt and the (IV.)
Holzmarkt. The Gothic Fathaus dates from the close of the 14th
4.
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HALBEK8TADT. 4:l mmtc. 311
cent., but received some Renaissance additions in the 16-1 7tli cen-
turies. The Roland (p. 104) here dates from 1433. — The late-
Gothic "^Eatskeller in the Holzmarkt, built in 1461, is the finest
wood-structure in the town.
The "^Cathedral (St. Stephen's; PI. B, 0, 2), the most important
edifice at Halberstadt, was re-erected in the 13-1 5th cent, on the
site of an earlier edifice of 992 and was restored in 1850-70. The
facade (ca. 1235) is in the transition style. The W. part of the
nave, in a pure early-Gothic style, was originally built ca. 1250
but largely rebuilt in the 15th century. The choir dates from ca.
1350-1400, the transept from a somewhat later date. The church
was consecrated in 1491. The W. towers were rebuilt in 1896.
The cloisters are in the transition style of the 13th century.
Interior (closed 12.30-2; sacristan's house adjoining the E. fhoir;
fee 1 cS, for 2 or more pers. 50 pf. each). Rich late-Gothic Screen-
separating the nave from the choir; above it, the Crucified witli Mary
and John, ?i* Wood Sculpture of the 13th century. The Lady Chapel has
good sculptures of the 14th cent., and there are other interesting sculp-
tures (ca. 1500) in the choir-chapel and the chapter-house. In tlie choir
is some good tapestry of the ll-15th centuries. Then a Crucifixion by
Joh. Rap-Hon of Einbeck, of 1509, as an altar-piece; several other
pictures, rich sacerdotal robes, and various antiquities.
The extensive Dom-Platz is bounded on the W. side by the late-
Romanesque Church of Our Lady (PL B, 2), dating from 1146,
with A'aulted choir and transept (sexton on the S.W. side; 50 pf.).
A number of *Figures in stucco relief date from the Romanesque
period (ca. 1200); the apse and the nave contain mural paintings
of the 12th cent, (partly spoiled by restoration). — The Gothic
Church of St. Martin (PL C, 2), finished about 1350, has fine
towers, restored in 1881-82. — Glehn's collection of portraits of
his fi'iends is now preserved in 'Gleim's Stiftungshaus' (PL 3), Doni-
Platz 31 (open free, 11-1). — The Town Mnseum (PL B, 2) con-
tains antiquities and the Heine Ornithological Collection (30 pf.,
free on Sun.).
The Bullerhercj (restaurant), '^U M. to the N.E. (bey. PL D, 1), com-
mands a fine view of the town and the Harz Mts. The Spiegels Berge,
IV'2 M. to the S., the Gldserne Moncli, 2 M. farther on, and the Hoppel-
herg are also good points of view. The Kliis, or ^Halberstadt Switzer-
land^^ to the S.E. of the Spiegels-Berge, has some fine pine-woods and
|)icturesque sandstone rocks. Still farther to the S. are the Theken-
Berge (hotel).
From Halberstadt to Magdeburg, 36V2 M., railway in IV4-2 hrs. —
13 M. Oscherslehen (pop. 13,400), an industrial town on the Bode; 23V2M.
Blumenherg (p. 249). — 36V2 ^- Magdeburg, see p. 49.
From Halberstadt to Blankenburg (p, 320), 12 M., railway iu
'■'U hr. Stations : Spiegelsberge, Langenstein (branch to Minsleben, l^f.y M.,
]). 329), and (9 M.) Bornecke.
Beyond Halberstadt the train commands views of the slopes of
the Harz to the left. From (65 M.) Heudeher-Dannstedt a branch-
line leads to (5^2 ^^0 Wernigerode (p. 329\ Jlscnhurg {lV/„ M. ;
p. 327), and (20 M.) Harzhurcj (p. 325).
312 Boute 60, HARZ MOUXTAIXS.
79 M. Vienenburg, the junction of lines to Barssum and
Brunswick ('see p. 308) and to (5 M.) Harzhurg (p. 325).
84^0 M. Oker p. 3251 — 87 M. Goslar (p. 322); line to Claus-
tal. see p. 332, to Hildesheim, p. 83.
89 M. Juliiis-Hutte: 90^ o M. Langelsheim tp. 332;; 97 M.
Xeuekrug 'p. 49 1. — 101 M. Seesen, see p. 49.
50. The Harz Mountains.
Pr.AX. About teu or twelve days are required to explore the finest
scenery of the Harz. The following plan, which includes nearly all the
Harz-t'ermini of the railways approaching on every side, may be begun
or terminated at any one of these. Isf Day. Ballenstedt, Selke-Tal,
Alexisbad; 2nd. Gernrode. Suderode. Hexentanzplatz ; 3rd. Weisser
Hirsch. Treseburg. Bode-Tal. Rosstrappe ; 4th. Blankenburg. Riibeland,
then either Rote Hiitte. Brockeu. or Dreiaunen-Hohne, Brocken by rail-
way; 5th. Steinerne Renne, Wernigerode; 6th. Ilse-Tal, Ilsenburg. Burg-
berg near Harzburg ; 7th. Environs of Harzburg. Oker-Tal, Goslar. —
Tlie finest points in the Ober-Harz and .S'. Harz may next be visited
as follows; Sth Day. To Claustal and Andreasberg; 9th. Lauterberg.
Ravensberg, "Walkenried, Ellrich ; 10th. Ilfcld. Xeustadt unterm Hohn-
stein. Eichenforst, Stolberg; 11th. By diligence towards the S. to Kelbra
(Kyflfhauser, see p. 305).
Carriages. Two-horse about 20 c^ per day. tolls extra; fee 2-.S JC
per day. One-horse 10-12 ^4. In many places there are tariffs fixed by
the authorities, but in every case a bargain should be made beforehand.
Porters, 4-5 ^M> per day!
Hotels. In the height of the season those at the more frequented
places are apt to be crowded and unsatisfactory. The regular charges
at hotels of the better class are: R. from 3. B. 1,' D. 2-3 JC. The inferior
and less-frequented inns are cheaper.
The Harz, the northernmost mountain-chain in Germany, 56 M. in
length, and 18 M. in width, is a well-wooded range, rising abruptly from
the plain on every side, especially towards the X.W. It is divided into
the Oberharz, Unterharz, and Vorharz. The first of these embraces the
W. region, with the towns of Lautental, Claustal, and Andreasberg.
The X.AV. and S.TV. slopes, with Goslar, Seesen, and Herzberg, arc
called the Torharz. while the district to the E. of Wernigerode and
Ellrich belongs to the Unterharz. The Brocken rises on the boundary
between the Oberharz and Unterharz. The Oberharz is furrowed by
numerous dark, wooded ravines. The Unterharz affords a greater variety
of picturesque scenery. The principal rock-formations are Silurian and
Devonian slates and sandstone: the Brocken and Ramberg are granite.
Mining, see pp. 325. 332.
The climate of the Harz resembles that of Central Norway. The
mean annual temperature is 41^ Fahr. The climate of the plateau of
the Oberharz is apt to be somewhat inclement, even in summer. In the
places along the X. base of the mountains the summer-heat is pleasantly
tempered by the X.W. wind from the Baltic Sea ; and the S. Harz also
enjoys an agreeable climate.
The Routenkarte der Wanderwege. or map showing all footpaths, etc.,
published by the Harz-Cluh, is recommended to pedestrians (scale
1 : 150,000; price 25 pf.). — Many of the forest-paths are marked 'Yer-
boten' [i.e. forbidden} and should be carefullv avoided during the shoot-
ing-season.
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Harz Moimtains. QUEDLINBUKa. ^0. Route, 313
I. The Eastern Hakz Mts.
a. Quedlinburg.
Railway from Halle (Leipzig, Berlin) viS. Wegeleben to Quedlinburg
ynd Thalc, and via Frose to Ballenstedt and Quedlinburg, see R. 49.
Quedlinburg. — Hotels. Quedlinbtirger Hof, near the rail,
station (PL E, 3), R. IVa-'l, 'Q.^liJC; Bar (PL a; C, 2), R. 1V2-3, B. a/^,
D. 2, omn. 1/2 ^J Buntes Lamm (PL b; C, 1), R. IV2-2, B. 3/^ jc;
Goldner Ring (PL c; D, 2); Weisser Engel (PL d; C, 2), with stucco
reliefs of the 17th cent, (upper floor), R. IV2-3 JC. — Restaurants:
Kaiserhof, Polle 34 (PL D, 2), D. IV2 -S; Hartung (wine-room), Polle 22;
Cafe Gieseke, Steinbrilcke (PL C, 2) ; RatskeUer (wine) ; Rail. Restaurant.
Quedlinburg (410 ft.), an old town with 25,600 inhab., now
noted for its nurseries and cloth-factories, lies on the Bode, 3 M.
to the N.W. of the Harz Mts. It was founded by Henry I. and
became a favourite residence of the Grerman emperors of the Saxon
line. Down to 1477 it was a fortified Hanseatic town, and in 1698
it passed into the possession of the Electors of Brandenburg. It is
still an important-looking place with walls, towers, and moats, and
many interesting timber houses of the 15-1 7th cent., and is com-
manded on the W. by the old Schloss and the abbey-church.
In the grounds adjoining the railway-station (PL E, 3) are (to
the right) a Wa?' Monument in commemoration of 1870-71 (a
charging cuirassier), by Anders (1895), and (to the left) a Bronze
Group (Peace protected by means of arms) by Manzel (1898).
The Rathaus (PI. C, 2; adm. 30 pf. for 1-3 pers.) in the market-
place, on the S.W. corner of which rises a stone figure of Koland
(p. 104), is a building of the 14th cent., rebuilt in 1615, and restored
and enlarged in 1900. In its top story a wooden cage is shown, in
which the townspeople incarcerated Count Albert of Kegenstein
during nine months (1337-38) for having infringed their municipal
privileges.
Following the Blasii-Str. from the S.W. corner of the market-
place and afterwards turning to the left, we cross the Finkeyiherd^
an open space where Henry I. is said to have received the deputation
announcing his election as German king, and reach the Schloss-
Plafz, at the foot of the Schlossberg. The house (PI. 3; B, 3) in
which Klopstock (1724-1803) was born in this Platz (No. 12) has
a jutting story supported by two columns. In the court is the
Municipal Museum^ built in 1901 (open free on Sun., 11-1; at
other times 50 pf. for 1-3 pers.), with an interesting collection of
utensils in flint and bronze, weapons, records (one of 1134), furni-
ture, and other articles.
The Schloss (PL B, C, 3), situated on a lofty sandstone rock,
was once the seat of the abbesses of the secular and independent
convent of Quedlinburg, which was founded by Matilda, mother
of Otho the Grreat, in 936 and afterwards attained to great pros-
perity. It was suppressed in 1803. Fine view from the terrace.
314 -??"^''<^ •56'. liAl.LEXSTEDT. Jforz
Adjacent to the Scliloss is the "^ Abbey Church, or Schloss-
Kirche, an edifice of importance in the history of art. The church
was rebuilt after a fire in 1070. the choir was finished in 1320, and
the whole restored and the two main towers erected in 1862-82.
The ^Treasury ('Zittcr') contaius objects of artistic and historical
value, chiefly of the 10th cent., such as reliquaries, books of the Gospels,
an episcopalcrozier, the -comb of Henry I.' (13th cent.), fine *Embroideries
(13th cent.), and one of the 'waterpots of Cana'. — The Crypt, still
incorporating some remains of the unpretentious original church (ca. 936),
contains thetombs of Emp. Henry I. d. 936). his wife Matilda, and his
granddaughter Matilda. The vault, which is hollowed in the sandstone of
the mountain, possesses the property of preserving bodies from decay. —
Countess Aurora of Konigsmark. the mistress of Augustus the Strong of
Saxony, and mother of "Marshal Saxe. was abbess of Quedlinburg in
1704-18, and on her death in 1728 was interred here. — The sacristan
lives next Klopstock's house (fee V2« 2 pers. 3/^, 3 pers. 1 JC).
Opposite the Schlossberg to the N.W. rises the Miinzenberg
(PL B, 2), once occupied by the church and convent of St. Mary
(Coenobium ad Montem Zionis. of which Miinzenberg is said to be
a corru}»tioni. — The Wiperti-Str, leads hence to the ancient Church
of St. Wipertus (PL A, 3: now a farm-building), a basilica dating
in its present form from the 12th cent,, with a well-preserved crypt
of the 10th century. — The Brilhl (PL B, 4), a pleasant park to
the S.W. of the town, not far from the Schlossberg, contains mon-
uments to Klopstock ('p. 313j and the geographer Carl Bitter (born
at Quedlinburg in 1779. d. 1859). The Bismarck-TurraiVl.^^Y,^),
^U M. to the S. of the station, commands an extensive view.
From Quedlinburg a branch-line runs to (11 M.) Blaukcnburg (p. 320).
b. Selke-Tal. Gernrode. Suderode. Lauenburg. Magde-
sprung. Alexisbad. Vietorshohe. Hasselfelde.
Ttco Days. 1st. From Ballenstedt to the Falken Inn I1/4 hr.. visit
to the Falkenstein IV-,. to the Selkemiihle l^/^. Magdesprung IV4, Alexis-
bad 1 hr. — 2nd. To the Yiktorshohe l'/.,, Ciernrode I1/2. Suderode Vi?
Lauenburg 1. Xeinstedt ^j.,. Thale or Hexentauzplatz 1-lVo hr.
Railway from Ballenstedt to (9 M.) Frose. see p. 310; to (10 M.)
Quedlinburg in ^/^ hr. — Railway from Gernrode to Ha rzff erode, 11 M..
in lV4hr. : to HassclfeMf, 25V., M.. in 2i;.> hrs.; to EisfeMer Talmilhle,
271/.2 M.. in 21/., hrs.
Ballenstedt C720-850 ft.: Grosser Gasthof, at the entrance
to the Schloss-Garten. R. 2-2\ .2. D. 2.^; Weisser Schwa n, E. & B.
2^ 2'^^. both good: Sfadt Berubiirg, in the Alice: Dessauer Hof.
Deutsches Haus. in the town: visitors' tax 2-8 ^/f). a prettily-
situated town with 5700 inhab.. is a summer-residence of the Duke
of Anhalt. A long avenue leads to the Schloss (generally closedi
on a spur of the Harz. The beautiful park affords fine views of the
mountains. About 1^ o^^- ^^ ^^^^ ^- ai'<? ^^^^ Gegeustehte (restaurant),
a fragment of the feufelsmauer ('Devil's Wall", p. 320).
The excellent Fall'en Inn (705 iiX at tlie foot of the Falken-
'^tt'in. may be reached by a road via Opperode and Schloss Meis-
M
to
j l!
/A pill F s
Jlountainfi. SLTBERODE. -'^o. Uoufc. 315
dorf in 172 l^^i'-; 0^' ^.Y ^ footpath in Vj^ lir. via the forester's house
of Kohlenschacht and the 'Lumpen-Stieg'.
To the left, a little above the inn, a footpath ascends to (25 min.)
*Schloss Falkenstein (1080 ft.), situated on a lofty rock and
dating back to the 11th cent., but several times restored (fee 50 pf. ;
more for a party); fine view from the tower. We may return by
the same path, or, diverging to the left after 7 min., descend to the
Selkemiihle and proceed to Magdesprung (p. 316).
A good road ascends the picturesque *Selke-Tal to the (5 M.)
Selkemiihle (inn), where it unites with the above-mentioned direct
road from (47-2 M.) Ballenstedt. On the hill, ^^ ^^i'- ^o the S., are
the scanty ruins of the Burg Anhalt. The road next leads to
(3 Y2 ^^O^^&^G sprung; but a slight detour via the i^fme&e?'r/, with
a forester's house (restaurant) and fine view, 20 min. I'rom the
iSelkemiihle, is recommended; thence to Magdesprung (p. 316) via
the Nagelbach's-Tal, 1 hr.
The Railw^ay runs from Ballenstedt via (3^/2 M.) JRieder to —
5 M. Gernrode (730 ft.; Hotel St vhenherg, see below; Bel-
vedere: Branner Hirschj Deutsches Hans, Mm'kgraf Gero, in
the town, R. ca. 1Y2"^ =^i private apartments), a town of Anhalt
with 3100 inhab., charmingly situated on the slope of the Stub en-
berg, attracts numerous visitors in summer. The Romanesque
^ Abbey Church of the 10th cent, with its two round W. towers,
restored in 1865, is a picturesque feature in the landscape (sexton,
Burg-Str. 238; 50 pf.). It has a choir at each end, and the E. apse
is flanked by smaller apses in the old Saxon style (comp. p. 304).
The tomb of the founder, Margrave Grero of Lusatia (d. 965), was
restored in 1519. The late-Romanesque cloisters on the S. side of
the church are partly preserved.
The *Stubenberg (920 ft.), which rises above the town and
may be ascended in 1/4 hr., affords one of the most picturesque views
on this side of the Harz Mts. On the top is a good Inn,
A few hundred yards to the W. of Gernrode lies —
51/2 M. Suderode (490 ft.; pop. 1400; Heene's Kurhaas ;
Michaelis, R. 1 72*2721 ^- 2 ^S ; Graun; Mohr ; Deutsches Haus),
a favourite summer-resort, with saline baths (visitors' tax 4 ^/l). It
extends with its villas and gardens for upwards of 1 M. along the
wooded slope of the hill.
Several routes lead hence to Stecklenberg and the Lauenburg.
Pedestrians may ascend the pretty forest-path by the Hotel Michaelis,
which leads via the Neue Schenke^ a forester's house (rfmts.), direct
to the Lauenburg in 1 hr., or they may take that which passes the
Standesamt at Suderode, skirts the wood to the left (view of Quedlin-
burg to the right), crosses the Quedlinburg road after 10 min., and
then re-enters the wood. At the entrance to (^/g hr.) Stecklenberg
(Wurmtal Inn), a stone post indicates tlie ascent to the left, passing
316 JioHtc 50. ALEXISBAD. Harz
the Steckienburg. to the 2b min.) Lauenburg a 150 ft.), a ruined
castle with a tower commanding a fine view C^Inn, R. 1\ 2 tJC),
A good road to the X. leads from Stecklenberg to (IV2 M.) Xeinstedt
(p. 310). — To Jlialc (p. 317;. 3V2 M. : finger-posts. The route by the
Georgshohe (p. 319) to the (l^/j hr.) Hexentanzplatz (p. 319) is picture'sque.
Beyond Suderode the railway bends sharply to the ^NT. — 10 M.
Quedliiiburg, see p. 313.
The Railway frum Gterxrode to Eisfelder Talmuhle (see
p. 314j ascends the Ostergrand, past the Heilige Teich, to (8^2 ^P
Stenihaus vl-250ft.\ \.> M. to the X. of the hunting-lodge of 'that
name (rfmts. . Thence, past the ruined Heinrichshurg (1.), to —
6 M. Magdesprimg (958 ft.: Hotel Mdgdesprung, R. l^/2-'2,
D. 2 ^^; Rail. Restaurant)^ with a large foundry, picturesquely
placed at the junction of the Selke-Tal road with that from Ballen-
stedt to Stolberg. An obelisk near the station commemorates Prince
Frederick Albert of Anhalt (d. 1796i, who founded the iron-works.
Tasteful articles in cast iron may be purchased at the foundry.
The place owes its name (•the maiden's leap') to the tradition that
a giantess once sprang across the valley here, leaving her footprints,
the ^[dgdetrappe, on the height behind the inn. — By the Selke-
Tal to the Falkenstein and Ballenstedt, see p. 315. — The footpath
to (3 M.) Alexisbad niostlv follows the right bank of the Selke.
91/2^. Alexisbad. 1065 ft. : ^^^r-J^ofeZ.R. 1\ .,-3, D. 2-2\^^^/C :
Forsterling, R. 2 ^M ; Goldene Rose, R. from 1\^, D. V^-i^^':
Klostermuhle. R. 1^ ^-2 -Ji : lodgings 10-30 i# per weeki, a summer-
resort with chalybeate baths (visitors' tax 5 ^y^), surrounded with
wooded heights.
The footpath to the '^ 0 ^^^v' Viktorshohe quits the road to the
left at the mill. 7 min. below the Kur-Hotel. and leads through wood,
via the Russische Haas, to the .1^4 hr.) Giintersberge and Gern-
rode road, which we follow for 1/4 M. towards the right, and then
quit by a path leading to the left past massive blocks of granite
(Grosse and Kleine Teufels-MuJde ) to the (10min.)*Victorshohe
1910 ft.i, the summit of the Ramherg (inn at the forester's house).
Extensive prospect from the tower.
A stone post by the Teufelsmiihle indicates the descent to the
right to Friedrichsbrunnen. Alexisbad, Tanzplatz, Treseburg, and
Thale; to the left to the Sternhaus ^railway-station, see above),
^liigdesprung. and Gernrode. The latter leads in 5 min. to the
above-mentioned road from Giintersberge, which leads past the
Stubenberg (p. 315) to (4^/2 ^O Gernrode (p. 315).
The direct road from Afexishad to (12 M.) Stolberg (p. 821) is by
Sti'asfiherg and the Jo.^ephf<hL)he (p. 322). Or the railway may be taken
to (2 M.) Havzijerode (Sehwarzer Bar), a small town with an old Schloss,
on the hill to \he E. of Alexisbad :' and the diligence thence to (11 M.;
Stolberg. Walkers leave the highroad at the (7 M.) turnpike at the
Auerberg. and cross the (20 miu.) Joseph^hohe .
.Ha^nW- .j^jedli^bLss Thale>^;^f^
Mountains, THALE« ^^- Tionte. 31 7
Tho train ascends the Selke-Tal. 13^/2 M. Lindenherg (p. 322).
-— 16^2 M. Gilntershenfe (1325 ft.; (xoldener Lowe; Schwarzer
Bar), pleasantly situated (900 inliab.j. - ~ Farther on the train quits
the valley and traverses a pla'teau. — 22 7^ M. Stiege (1580 ft.;
Biirgstieg; Schloss-Brauerei), with 1600 inliab., and an old castle.
From Stiege a branch -line runs to (3 M.) Hasselfelde (1510 ft.;
Konig von Schweden, R. VI^^-V'j^JC: Krone; Rail. Restaurant), a town
(3000 inhab.) belonging to Brunswick, and once a mining centre. To Treso-
burg, sec p. 318. A pleasant route leads hence through the BdJire-Tal
or via KarUhaus and Sophienhof to Ilfeld (p. 329; 3V2-4' hrs). Diligence
daily to Blankenburg, see p. 320.
From Stiege our line goes on to (27 M.) Unterherg and (27^2 ^0
Eisfelder Talmilhle (p. 329).
c. Bode-Tal. Rosstrappe. Hexentanzplatz. Treseburg.
Railway from Thale to Blankenburg.
One Day (7-8 hrs.). From Staatsbahnhof Thale ascend the Bode-Tal
to the Teufeis-Briicke, 1/2 ^^^' '■> ascend the Rosstrappe, V2 ^r. ; inn, 10 min. ;
by the Herzogshohe and Wilhelmsblick to Treseburg, l^U-2 hrs.; by the
Weisse Hirsch to the Hexentanzplatz, 21/2 hrs. : back to the station, ^/^ hr. —
Or from the station to the Tanzplatz,50min. ; WeisseHirsch and Treseburg,
lV2hi*- (Wilhelmsblick and back 3/^ hr. more), through the Bode-Tal to the
Jungfern-Briicke, 2 hrs.; then retrace steps for a few minutes and ascend
the Rosstrappe, V2 ^^i'- 5 to the station, 40 minutes. — 6r«/7*c?6 unnecessary.
The rocky *Valley of the Bode, the finest point in the
Harz Mts., presents a strikingly wild and picturesque scene, to
which if possible more than a single day should be devoted.
Thale. — Hotels. Near the station: ^Zehnpfund (PI. a), R. 2-5,
B. 1, D. 21/2-3, pens. 51/2-9 ^^: '^Rltter Bodo (PL b), R. I1/2-6, D. 21/2 ^^;
Jleimburg (PI. c), R. 11/2-4.^, fair; Bodetal (PL d), R. 11/2-8 JC, well spoken
of; Prinzess Brunhilde (PL e), R. 11/2-8 c^; Daheim (PL f). — In the
Bode-Tal: Huhertushad, a saline bath with pension, on an island in the
Bode, 1/4 M. from the station, R. from I1/2, pens. Q-10 JC; "^Waldkater,
R. 2-5, pens. 6-9 ^S. — Inns on the Rosstrappe and Hexentanzplatz, see
pp. 318, 319.
Restaurants at the hotels; at the Ku7'haus ; at the Aktien-Braucrei
(PL A. B.), 1/4 M. from the station, D. l^U JC; Railway Restaurant, D.
t JC. — Baths below the foundry (25 pf,). — Visitors' Tax, 3-8 ..*;.
Carriage to the Hexentanzplatz, Treseburg, Rosstrappe, and back
15,.^. — Open Air Theatre (see p. 319), in July & Aug., seats 1-5 JC.
The railway-station (^Staatsbahnhof) of Thale (575 ft.), near
which a number of modern villas have sprung up, lies at the en-
trance to the Bode-Tal. To the right rise the precipitous rocks of
the Rosstrappe (p. 318); to the left is the Hexentanzplatz (p. 319).
To the S.E. of the Staatsbahnhof is the Kvrham. The industrial
village of Thale (pop. 15,000) is ^/^ M. to the N.W. — On the left
bank of the Bode is the station Bodetal oi the Blankenburg Railway
(p. 319; restaurant).
From Thale (JStaatsbahnhof) to Tresp:bitrg through the
Bode-Tal (6V4 M.; 21/3-3 hrs.). Turning to the right on quitting
the station, we ])rooeed through the Bahnhofs-Park via the (5 min.)
318 Jioufe 50. TRESEBURG. J^rs
Aktien-Brauerei (p. 31 7 j and along the road to the {^f-^ M.) Wald-
lafer Inn, which may also be reached by a pleasant path from
the Huhertoshad on the left bank.
From the Waldkater we follow the path through the pictur-
esque Bode-Tal to the Jungfern-Briicke. and the (^\/2 M.i prettily-
situated inn Z'lr Konigsruhe (D. 2 -^//j, on the left bank.
On the right bank, opposite the Ktinigsruhe. is a shady path ascend-
ing via the Hirschgi'und and the La Vieres-Hohe to the (^/^ hr.) Hexen-
tanzplatz (p. 319}.
About 6 min. farther on we reach the Schurre, a steep stony
slope over which a zigzag path ascends to the (^/a hr.i Rosstrappe.
A few paces farther we cross to the right bank by the Teufeh-
Briicke at the entrance to the BodekesseL a wild basin of granite
rocks. The road then leads through beautiful woods to '1^/4-2 hrs.) —
Treseburg 870 ft.: Weisser Hirsch d- Wilhelmsblick, R.
11 5-3, pens. 61,2-71 2 .^, good: Forelle, R. l^/2-2V2, D- "^1^^;
Wildstein: Deutsches Haas: Bodetah, a village beautifully
situated at the confluence of the Bode and the Lupphode. — The
"^Weisse Hirsch (1253 ft.), an eminence opposite Treseburg, com-
mands a charming view.
From Treseburg to Rubelaxd via the Bode -Ted. 41/2 hrs. (omn.
2 t4f). We follow the old road ascending the right bank of the Bode (new
road on the left bank) to (3 M.) Altenbrak (1015 ft.: Weisses Rosa;
Brauner Hirsch, R. VI4-2 ^€; Wcddfrieden : Hot. Scho/ieburg), with a
sanatorium for consumptives. - — Thence we skirt the right bank of the
stream to (3 M.,. "Wendefurth {Kurhaus, pens. 41/2-6 JC; Gra-^shoffj,
where we cross the Blaukeuburg and Hasselfelde road (see below). We
next (1»/., M.) cross the Fappbode and proceed to (3 M.) Nemcerk' (inn).
Hence to BUbeland (p. 321 . 2 M.
From Treseburg to BLA>-KEyBURG. T^/o ^- (omnibus by the highroad
IV/2 JtA. The road ascends the left bank, passing (1/4 hr.) a tunnel leading
to the Wilhelmsblick (view of the Bode-Tal). Pedestrians may turn to the
left about 10 min. beyond the tunnel and proceed through the wood by the
forester's house of Todtenrode (rfmts.) and Wienrode to (l^/^ hr.jBlanken-
bnrg Cp. 320i.
From Treseburg to Hasselfelde. Ti/o ^- The footpath leads through
beautiful beech-woods. In about 1 hr. we reach a stone finger-post, indicat-
ing the way to Sfiege (p. 317: left) and Hasselfelde ^p. 317: right;.
From Thale (Staafsbahnhofj to the Rosstrappe. The above
route from Thale to the Rosstrappe by the Bode-Tal and the Schurre
may be taken, or the direct path (1 hr.) may be preferred. In the
latter case we pass the 'Huttenwerk' (foundry) to the bridge across
the Bode, beyond which we turn first to the right, passing Bodetal
station, then (2 min.i to the left, and at the beginning of the wood,
ascend to the right. The easier route hence leads straight on via the
<40 min. I Biihnrshohe to the <5 min.) Gasthaus zur Rosstrapjpe.
The ^Rosstrappe 1230 ft.: imposing view), 10 min. to the
^i.^^ . of the inn. is a granite rock projecting like a bastion into the
valley of the Bode, and rising precipitously to a height of 574 ft.
above the stream. The name ''horse's hoof-print' i is derived from
an im].ressinn in Ibo r.uk resemblincr a triorantic hoof, left there bv
Mountains. HEXENTANZPLATZ. •^^- J^oute. 319
the horse of a princess, who, when pursued by a giant, is said to
have leaped across the valley. To the right is the Sclmrre (p 318).
Proceeding to the X.W. from the Rosstrappe Inn, we may descend in
V^hr. to the road from Thale, which leads by the (^/4M.) Herzogshohc (view)
and the (21/4 M.) Wilhelmsblick (p. 318) to (21/4 M.) Treseburg (p. 318).
From Thalb (Staafsbalmhof) to the HEXENTANZPLATz(50min.).
We proceed from the station through the Bahnhofs-Park and at
the church ascend the Kleine-Heimburg-Str. to the right. After
6 min. we ascend to the left (at the 'Bergtheater' finger-post), and in
8 min. more take the winding 'Sachsenwallweg', mounting through
wood to the right. About 1 M. (20 min.) later we keep to the left
to (5 min.) the Berg - Theater , a natural open air amphitheatre
(adm. 20 pf.; view of Steinbach-Tal; see p. 317). Adjacent is the
Bergtheater Restaurant, whence a few paces more will bring us
either to tlie Bismarck-Fels (view of the Bode-Tal) or to the Wal-
purgis- Halle (adm. 30 pf.), a reproduction of an ancient German
log -hut, with paintings by Hendrich representing local legends
and scenes from Goethe's Faust. In 10 min. more, skirting the
mountain, we reach the inn.
A less frequented route leads tlirough the Steinbach-Tal , and thence
either up the Kleme Hexentreppe (300 steps) or via the Jdgei-stieg. — The
carriage-road diverges at the top of the hill from the highroad ascending
the Steinbach-Tal to Friediichsbrunn.
The *Hexentanzplatz (1490 ft.; Hotel, R. IV2-3, B. 1, D. 2,
pens. 5-6 t/^) is a rocky plateau opposite the Rosstrappe, and 260 ft
higher, commanding a similar, and perhaps still more striking view.
In the distance rises the Brocken; to the right lies Quedlinburg.
From the Hexentakzplatz to Treseburg by the Weisse HirschiVI^ hr.j.
A footpath descends on the S. in 10 min. to the above-mentioned road from
Thale to Friedrichsbrunn. The latter soon passes (40 min. from the Tanz-
platz) a monument to the head-forester Pfeil (d. 1859), a recumbent stag
surrounded by six fine beeches (rfmts. in the neighbouring forester's house).
We may now either follow the road, or take the nearer footpath via the
Weisse Hirsch (p. 318) to Treseburg.
From Thale to Suderode (p. 315) and Gernrode (p. 815), 2 hrs. (51/2 M.),
a pleasant road, passing (31/2 M.) Stecklenberg, etc. (comp. pp. 315, 316). --'-
The circuit by the Georgshohe, 1 hr. from Thale, and thence to (I1/4 hr.)
Stecklenberg is recommended. At the junction of the road from the station
with that from the village of Thale a direction-post indicates the forest-
path to the *Georgsh6he (1266 ft. ; inn), the tower on which commands
a beautiful survey of the plain. A footpath descends hence through the
wood into the valley. After 20 min. we reach a carriage-road ; we then
pass (1/4 M.) a cross-way with a finger-post near a plaster-mill, and reach
Stecklenberg ^j^ M. farther on. — From the Hexentanzplatz to the G-eorgs-
hohe 1 hr. : we follow the road descending from the inn to the S.E. to the
highroad, cross the latter^ and ascend a road to the left.
Railway from Thale to Blaxkenburg, 7 M. , in 25 min.
(fares 55 & 40 pf.). The line starts at Bodetal Station (p. 317)
and passes (72 M.) Thale- Rosstrappe and (li/^ M.) Thale -Nord.,
At (2^/3 M.) Thnmenrode we connect with the Quedlinburg line
(p. 314). We now skirt the K side of the Teufelsmauer (p. 320).
3V;> M. Hehungeii. — 7 M. Bla/tketdmrg (p. 320),
320 ^^"'^^ ■'>^>' BLAXKEXBURG. J^f'r:^
d. Blankenburg. Riibeland. Elbingerode. Tanne.
Braiinlage.
Blaukonburg. thcRegensteiu. andthcZiegenkopf 1-5 lirs., thence to Rube-
land 1-^4 hr., Baumaunshohlc 1' o lir. \ from Riibeland to Elbingerode 1 hr.
Blankenburg. — Hotels. ^Wcisscr Adier, Lange-Str., R. 2-5,
D. 21.2-3 c*. ^^ith fine earden ; Kaiser Wilhelm, Bismarck-Str. 1, R. 2-5.
D. 1V3-*^. good : Bestehorn. Grefe-Str. 14. R. 2-21/2. D- 2-3 ci^, with garden ;
Krone. Katharinen-Str. 10, Stadt B rami schireig, Trsmke -Sir. 20, R. lV2-2c*:,
both well spoken of: Furstenhof, Mauer-Str. 9, with concert- garden ;
Gehirgs-HoteJ . on the' Schnappelberg. R. IV2-2V2J B. li/o-2 ^^- — Inns on
the Ziegenkopf. the Eichenherg, and the Teiifelsmauer, see below.
Restauraxts. Bichard. Tranke-Str. ; Cafe Prochno. Mauer-Str.:
Darnkohler, in the market-place: Eailicag Bestaurant.
Baths. LUckhoff, Markt 7 ; 2'0i/.'» ^a</i.§, on the Thie.
Post x^t> Telegraph Office, Lobbecke-Str.
DiLiGENX'E daily to (IO1/2 ^-J Hasselfelde (p. 317) in 2V2 hrs. — Railway
to Halberstadt and" Miusleben (Wernigerode), see p. 311 ; to Tanne, sec
below; to Thale, see p. 319: to Qimdlinbnrg, see p. 319. — Carriage
AND Pair (bargain advisable) to Thale 8V2? to Wernigerode 10 JC (and fee).
Blankenburg (760 ft.\ a town with 10,200 inhab., and a fav-
ourite summer-resort, is picturesquely situated on the slope of the
hills and commanded by the lofty ducal Schloss. In the market-
place are the handsome Rafhaus (16th cent.) and the church of
>S7. Bartholomew. The Schloss (1095 ft.) contains armour, pictures
(one attributed to Diirer!, and other objects of interest (adin. 50 pf. :
to the deer-park 50 pf. : pleasant walk to the Ziegenkopf). On the
Schnappelberg stands a monument to those who fell in 1870-71.
To the X. of Blankenburg (3/4 hr.) rises the *Regenstein, a pre-
cipitous sandstone cliff. 245 ft. above the plain, on the E. side of which
a castle was erected by Emp. Henry the Fowler in 919. The castle, captured
by Wallenstein in the Thirty Years" War, was demolished by Frederick
the Great. Little of it now remains except the vaults and embrasures
liown in the rocks. Entrance by XhQ Bauhgraf en-Tunnel, on the E. side.
Admirable view, especially towards Blankenburg (tavern at the top).
The *Ziegenkopf (1.340 ft.), another good point of view, is reached
by ascending the Riibeland road for 20 min., thence by a footpath (10 min.)
to the right. Halfway up is the Silberborn Inn (pens. 41/2 «^) and at the
top are another inn and a view-tower. — To Hiittenrode (p. 321) 40 min.
mr.re. — The Eichenherg (1395 ft. : Eichenberg Hotel, at the foot, pens.
41,.,-fi JC) rises a/^ hr. to the W. of Blankenburg.
About V2 lir. to the S.E. of Blankenburg. on the road to Trcseburg,
are the huge sandstone masses of the Teufelsmauer, at the X. base of
which is the ''Hdiel Heidelberg (R. 2i o-5. D. 13V2i/.,. pens. 5-71/2 ^^O-
View from the GrossvoUr ^1046 ft. ; inn'at its foot).
From Blankenburg to the Rosstrappe (2 hrs.). The road to Tresc-
burg is followed as far as (2 M.) Wienrode (Tanne), a little beyond which
an enclosure is crossed ; at a finger-post the wood is entered to the left,
and in l^/^ hr. the Bosstrappe (p. 318) is reached. — To Wernigerode, Via
Michaelstein (p. 321) and the forester's house of Benzigerode, 31/4 hrs.
Railway from Blaxkexburg to Taxxe. 19\^2 ^^-^ i^ ^^ii ^^^'
(fares 2 ^/^ 10, 1 Jl 35 pf.). The engineering difficulties have been
overcome by a combination of the ordinary locomotive with the
rack- and -pinion (toothed wheel) system. The steepest gradients
are, respectively, 1:40 and 1:16''.,. Best views to the left. —
Mountains. ELBINGrERODE. 50. Route. 321
Near (3^2 ^O Bast-Michaelstein is the old monastery of Michael-
stein (Waldmiihle). A long tunnel (74 M.) under the Ziegenkopf is
traversed before we reach (5^2 ^O Braunesumpf. Then we ascend
gradually to (7 M.) Hiltienrode (1565 ft.). The train descends to
the picturesque wooded and rocky valley of the Bode.
8V2 M. Riibeland (1240 ft.; Hermannshdhle, R. 2-31/2, D-
272^; Krokstein., well spoken of; Erholung ; Griine Tanne;
Bail. Restaurant)^ a Brunswick village with foundries, lying in
the valley of the Bode, near some interesting stalactite caverns.
On the right bank is the *Hermannshohle (electric light; open
daily, 9-1 and 2-6), and on the left bank, 150 ft. above the stream,
is the Baumaxxshohle. Tickets (one cave 1 ^^ both 1^2 ^) ^^^
obtained in the Hohlen - Museum (20 pf.), which contains fossil
animal -remains found in the caves. The visit to each cave takes
3/4 hr. To Treseburg (omnibus), see p. 318.
Beyond the Rubeland foundries, the train quits the valhy of the
Bode and ascends a valley with curious rock-formations to —
10 V2 M. Elbingerode (1450 ft. ; Waldhof, R. 1 V2-2V2, D. IV4,
pens. 4-5 Jl ; Waldheim ; Blauer Engel; Bail. Bestaurant)^ a
mining town with 2900 inhabitants. Branch-line to (372^-) Drei-
annen-Hohne (Brocken), see p. 329; diligence twice daily to (7 M.)
Wernigerode (p. 328). — The railway reaches its highest point
(1650 ft.) on the barren plateau of Elbingerode.
15 M. BotekUtte-Konigshof (1410 ft.; Railway Restaurant),
near the junction of the Warme and the Kalte Bode, and the
keep of an old castle. Ascent of the Brocken, see p. 331.
1972 M. Tanne (1509 ft.; Harzbahn; Tanne; Rail. Restaurant).
From Tanne to Braunlage, 71/2 M., railway in 40 minutes. 2 M. Sorge,
with another station on the Wernigerode and Nordhausen line. — 5 M.
Brumienbachsmuhle, junction for Walkenried, sec p. 309. — 71/2 M.
Braunlage (2000 ft.; Berg-Hotel; Brauner Hirsch, R. 21/2-3^; two
Sanatoria), a summer-resort, with baths. Diligence to Harzburg.
e. Stolberg. Josephshohe. Neustadt unterm Hohnstein.
From Rottleberode on foot to Stolberg, l^f-s^r. ; thence via (3 M.) Eichen-
forst and the (3 M.) Ebersburger Sagemiihle to (21/2 M.) Neustadt, 31/2 hrs.
Railway in 24 min. from Berga-Kelhra (p. 305) to (6 M.) Bott-
leherode (699 ft.; Chauseehaus; Post; Rail. Restaurant); thence to
(4 M.) Stolber^g, diligence twice daily in ^/^ hr. The walk (l^/g hr.)
up the picturesque "^Stolberger-Tal is preferable to the diligence
drive. The ^oll Lin lies halfway.
Stolberg (945 ft.; Kanzler , R. V/^-2y^, D. IV4 c^, good;
Eberha7'dt, R. 2-272 ^Z Breussischer Hof; Schiltzenhaus) ., a
place with many quaint old houses, is charmingly situated at the
convergence of four small valleys, and is much frequented as sum-
mer-quarters. On an eminence (1230 ft.) rises the Chateau of
Prince Stolberg, the proprietor of the district, with a valuable
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 21
32-2 Rotate 50. aOSLAR. JJ(^rz
library (50,000 vols.) and armoury, surrounded witli pleasure-
grounds. Pleasing views from the Drei StuJile and from the (I/4 hr.)
Luther's Beech (view), under which the Reformer is said to have
sat in 15*25.
Pleasant excursions to the X. via the Drei-Stiihlen-Allee to (1 hr.) the
Tannengarten : to the E. to the (35 min.) Wolfgauashohe ; to the S. to the
(1 hr.) WendeUtieg in the Stolberger-Tal ; and to the X.W. to (41/2 M.) the
Birkenlcopf (1925 ft. : view,;, whence the (43/^ M.) Poppenberg (see below)
and (51/0 M.) the Eisf elder Talmiihle (p. 329j may be reached.
Feom Stolberg to Harzgerode and Alexisbad, 131/2 M., road, see
p. 316. Pedestrians should quit the road, IV2 ^- from Stolberg, by a path
leading to the right to the (V2 hr.) summit of the Auerberg, called the
Josephsho9ie (1975 ft.; inn). ^ Thence bv Strassberg and Lindenberg
(p. 316, 317), and down the Selke-Tal, to (3 hrs.) Alexisbad (p. 316).
From Stolberg the direct road to Neustadt unterm Hohnstein
leads via Hainfeld in 2^2 ^2*8. (7 M.) : but the longer route (372 ^I's. ;
8\,2 ^v' ^'^^ the (1 hr.) shooting-lodge of Eichenforst and the (1^4 tr.)
Saw Mill InHj at the foot of the ruin of Ehershurg, is preferable.
Neustadt iinterm Hohnstein (850 ft.: Hohnstein, E. 21/2-
3^^ 2? ^- -• P*?iis. 5 ^//, with baths: Batskeller ; Schmidt)^ a pleas-
antly situated summer-resort, commanded by the fine ruins of the
castle of Hohnstein (1150 ft.), the seat of the counts of that name,
who became extinct in 1593.
From Xeustadt a road (i/o M.) via Osterode, and a footpath (white
marks : 3 hrs.) skirting the Poppenberg (1965 ft. ; *Yiew) from the ruin of
Hohnstein. lead to Ilfeld (p. 329).
II. The Western Harz.
f. Goslar. Hahnenklee. Oker-Tal.
1st day. Goslar. — 2nd Day. Walk to the Waldhaus Restaurant (or
take the train to Oker, see p. 312) and walk through the valley to (2 hrs.)
Romkerhalle, and by the Feigeubaum-KUppe and Kdsten-Klipp)e to Silber-
Jiorn and (3V2 hrs.) Harzburg.
Goslar. — Hotels. Hotel Hannover (PI. a), at the station, R. from
21/2, B. 1, D. (1p.m.) 21/0. pens. 7-10^; Zuni AchUrmann, beside the
Pauls-Turm (PI. 11), with garden, R. 13/^-6, D. l^j^-2^U^iC; Central-Hotel
zurKlause (PI. c), R. IV2-3 ^: Furstenlwf (Fl. i), R. 1V2-3V'2. D- lV-2-2, pens.
4-5 JC, these four all very fair. — Kaiserworth. in the market (se"e p. 323),
R. 2-3. D. 2.4C: Rdnnscher Kaiser (PI. b). R. 1V.,-2V, ^, well spoken of;
Deutsches Hans (PL g), R. IW^ ^; Reichshof (PI. c) ; Nieder sacks ischer
Hof (PL k). R. li,V3V,.4(; Bahnhofs-Hotel (PL h\ R. li,V2Vo^; Kronprinz
Ernst August (PL f ) ; Altdeutsches Gildehaus (PL d : p. 323). — Pensions.
Kloster Frankenberg, at the foot of the Steinberg (pens. 5-6 c^) ; Hospiz
Daheirn (pens. 6 uH.), Von Xetzer, both in the Klaustaler-Str.
Restaurants. Achtermann (see above). D. l^^JC; Brusttuch, D. 11/2-*;
Schoner Garten: Klus ; Raihcay Restaurant: Biirgergarten ; Bleiche.
— Confectioner. Conrad, Bahnhof-Str.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL 13), Bahnhof-Str. — Tourists' Ekquiry
Office at Koch's, Fischmarker-Str. 13.
Carriage and pair \o Altejiau 12. to Auerhahn 8, to Hahnenklee 10 ,
to Harzburg via Romkerhalle 15, to Romkerhalle 8, to Steinberg and
back 9, to Waldhaus via Oker Q Ji.~ Omnibus to the (25 min.) Gose Water-
mi (p. 325) 40 (there & back 50) pf. ; to (3^/3 hrs.) Hahnenklee (p. 325),
1 lie 60 pf.
!^. »: ^.£?^
IS
NoiuiQiberg . stBjiibei-g,
sSteiLiberiJ,
^'^s^
9-1:? .t>'^^>^>^ 4>-l
frill
^\
iJr
.:^^
Mountains. GrOSLAR. •'5^. Ronfe. 323
Key to Plan, 1. Amtsgericht. 2. St. Annen-Haus. 3. Bismarck Mon-
ument. 4. Brusttuch. 5. Domkapelle. 6. Fenkner's Museum. 7. Grosse
Heilige Kreuz. 8. Grymnasium. 9. Kaiserworth. 10. Barracks. 11. Paul's
Turm. 12. Police Station. 13. Post Office. 14. Synagogue. 15. Girls'
School. 16. Zwinger.
Goslar (855 ft.), an ancient town with 17,800 inliab., lies on
the Gose, on the N. side of the Harz, at the foot of the Rammels-
berg (p. 325). The Kaiserhaus, the numerous towers, the partly-
preserved ramparts, and the quaint old houses with wood -carving
(13-16th cent.) impart an air of importance to the place.
Goslar probably owes its origin to the valuable silver-mines in the
Rammelsberg, which were worked under Otho I. (936-73). It became a
favourite residence of the Saxon and Salic emperors, one of whose most
extensive palaces was situated here. The attachment of the citizens to
Henry IV., who was born at Goslar in 1050, involved the town in the
misfortunes of that monarch. In 1206 the town, which adhered stead-
fastly to the Ilohenstaufen, was taken and destroyed by Otho lY., the
rival of Philip. Goslar joined the Hanseatic League about 1350 and reached
the zenith of its prosperity at the beginning of the 16th century. In 1802
it lost its independence for the first time and was annexed to Prussia.
From 1816 to 1866 it belonged to Hanover, before finally reverting to
Prussia.
Near the station, to the left, is the handsome Romanesque
church of the old convent of Neuwerk (12-13th cent.); interesting
choir; * Wall-paintings of the 13th cent, in the apse (open free on
Sun., 11-12; on week-days, 11-12 & 5-6, by applying at the old
convent on the left of the church). Opposite to it rises the Pauls-
Turm (PL 11), a remnant of the old fortifications. The street be-
tween these leads to the quaint Market, with the Rathaus and
Kaiserworth, and adorned with a large fountain -basin in bronze,
said to date from the 12th century.
The Rathaus is a simple Grothic edifice of the 15-1 6th cent.,
with an arcade beneath (adm. 9-1 and 3-6, Sun. 11-12; 1-2 pers.,
each 50 pf., each addit. pers. 25 pf.).
The old *Chapel (now called the Huldignngs-Zim.mcr or Hall of
Homage) is adorned with late-Gothic carvings (ca. 1500) and with paintings
(freely restored) by a master of Lower Saxony. Interesting old books
of the Gospels, charters, instruments of torture, and other curiosities are
exhibited in glass-cases; also two late-Gothic silver goblets. — Near the
staircase is the 'Beisskatze', a kind of cage in which shrews used to be
incarcerated. Fine chandeliers.
The Kaiserworth (PL 9), formerly a guild -house, now an inn,
with an arcade below, dates from 1494, and is adorned with statues
of eight G-erman emperors (17th cent.). — To the W. of the Rat-
haus rises the Mai^kt-KircJie^ a late -Romanesque church (towers
rebuilt after a fire in 1844), with Grothic choir and aisles sub-
sequently added. The "^Brusttuch (PL 4), opposite the W. portal
of the church, a curious old house of 1526, restored in 1870, is
adorned with grotesque wood-carvings (restaurant). Adjacent is the
Bakers' Guildhouse (1557), now a hotel (PL d). At Frankenberger-
Str. 32 are the antiquarian collections of Herr Fenkner (PL 6;
21*
324 Route 50. GOSLAR. 3arz
open dailv, 9-6: 50 pf.i. At the W. end of the same street is the
Frankenherg Church, huih iu 1108 and restored in 1880. The S.
portal is adorned with sculptures of the 13th cent., and the paint-
ings in the interior .freely restored* date from the same period.
At Xo. 7 Hohe Weg. a street leading to the S. from the Markt-
kirche, is the Grosse Heilige Kreuz, or St. John's Hospital (PL 7),
now an almshouse. At the S. end of the Hohe Weg is the Kaker-
bleek, or Kaiserbeet . a large open space where two venerable
buildings still bear testimony to the ancient grandeur of Goslar.
On the W. side are modern Equestrian Statues of Frederick Bar-
harossa and William I., by Toberentz and Schott (1900)^
The so-called *Doin-Kapelle (PI. 5; was once the vestibule of
the X. portal of the cathedral of St. Simon and St. Jude, which
was founded by Henry III. about 1045, and taken down in 1820.
Over the Portai. are figures of Conrad II.. Henry III., and SS. Matthew,
Simon, and Jude. The richly-sculptured column by the portal is notable.
In the IxTERioR are several interesting relies of the decorations of
the ancient cathedral, sculptures, tombstones, and various curiosities,
among which may be mentioned the 'Krodo Altar', an oblong reliquary
of the 11th cent..' made of plates of brass, with traces of filigree orna-
mentation and round holes for the insertion of precious stones. The four
stooping figures that support it originally bore ^ font. The chapel is
open the whole day in summer. Fee for 1-2 pers. 50. 3-4 pers. 75 pf.
On the W. side of the square rises the '^Kaiserhaus, the oldest
secular edifice in Germany, founded by Henry III. (1039-56). The
palace was burned down in 1289 and afterwards rebuilt, but dis-
figured by alterations and additions. The exterior was judiciously
restored in 1867-78 ('adm. 9-1 and 2-6, on Sun. 11-1 and 2 till
dusk: castellan in the X. wing: feei.
The Kaiserhaus consists of the Saalbau and the chapel of St. Ulrich,
connected by an arcade at the level of the upper story. The upper floor
of the Sa^iibau is occupied by the imperial hall (56 yds. long, 17 yds.
wide. 35 ft high . which looks towards the Platz, with six massive round-
arched windows. It is adorned with frescoes by Wislicenus, representing
various characteristic scenes in the evolution of the German imperial
system. The large central picture is an allegorical representation of the
foundation of the new German Empire. Above the windows is the story
of the Sleeping Beauty. Opposite the central window is the ancient im-
perial throne (12th cent.), which stood iu the cathedral till 1820. — The
double Chapel of St. Ulrich, restored in 1861, was the domestic chapel
of the imperial court; the upper story is octagonal, the lower (with the
painted tomb of Henry III., formerly'in the cathedral) is in the form of
a Greek cross.
About 1 4M. to the E. of the Kaiserhaus is the Zwinger (PI. 16),
a round tower of 1517. aflording a fine view of the to\sTi <'25 pf.j. —
At the end of the Glockengiesser-Str. (Xo. 65; is the St.Annenhaus
(^Pl. 2), a monastery converted into an almshotise in 1494; it con-
tains two frescoes fca. 1500 . an old antependium (14th cent.), etc.
In the Breite-Str. (Xo. 67) is the Xatural History Museum
(10-5. 50 pf.: free on Sun., 11-1 c^i: 3-5'. At the end of the street is
the old Breite Tor (1443;.
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Mountains. HARZBURGr. oO. Route. 325
The Farhensumpfe, ponds fed by streams from the Rammelsberg, yield
the ochre dye of this neighbourhood. — A grotto and chapel (25 pf.) hewn
in the Kins, an isolated sandstone rock in the vicinity, arc said to have
been founded by Agnes (d. 1077), wife of Emp. Henry III. — On the Peters-
berg (1/4 hr.) are a few relics of the Abbey of St. Peter (view of the town).
The Bammelsberg (2080 ft.), which rises above the town, IV2 M. to
the S., has for ten centuries yielded copper and lead, besides smaller
quantities of gold, silver, zinc, and sulphur. Visitors not admitted.
To the N.W. of Goslar rises the Steinberg (1575 ft. ; good inn),
easily ascended in 3/^-1 hr. from the Viti-Tor (view-tower, 10 pf.). — A
picturesque path leads through the Gose-Tal, with the (1/2 hr.) GoseWater-
fall, to the (2 hrs.) Auerhahn (2100 ft. ; inn), 1/2 hr. to the W. of the
*Schalke (2505 ft.; view). About IV2 M. to theW. of the Auerhahn lies
Hahnenklee (see below).
A pleasant footpatli (road 10 M.) leads from Goslar via the
Grane-Tal to (274^1-8.) Hahnenklee (1835 ft.; Kurhaus^ R.
IY2-4, D. 2^2 ^^? very fair; Hahnenldeer Hof; Deutsches Hans,
R. 1^2" 2V2 ^/ Schtvenzel)^ a favourite summer- resort (visitors'
tax 3-5 4^), whence we may proceed via (^/^ M.) Bocktviese (Kur-
haus, pens, from S^g ^) to (41/2 M.) Wildemann (p. 332).
From Goslar to Romkerhalle, 5 M. (2 hrs. ; omn. 1 1^ 20 pf.).
Starting from the Breite Tor., we turn to the right, pass near the
(20 min.) Restauy^ant Bleiehe^ and reach the (40 min.) Waldhans
Inn., at the entrance of the wild *Oker-Tal, in which a highroad
ascends to Altenau. [The village of Oker (Luer; p. 312) lies Vj^ M.
to the K of the inn.] We now ascend the Oker-Tal to the (1 hr.)
Romkerhalle Inn (R. 1 1/2-21/2, D. 2 c^), either by following the
footpath which crosses from the left to the right bank to join the
road, then Returns to the left bank, and finally recrosses, or by
crossing the bridge and following the highroad along the right bank.
Both routes aflford fine views of the precipitous cliffs.
An omnibus runs from the Romkerhalle to Harzburg ; on foot to
Harzburg, see p. 326.
The highroad goes on to (6 M.) Claustal (p. 332). A finger-post to
the left, 200 yds. from the inn, indicates the route across a bridge to the
(3/4 hr.) Ahremlsberger Klippen (p. 327). At Mittel-Schulenherg , about
3 M. from the Romkerhalle, a forest-path, rshorter than the road, diverges
on the left to Claustal (p. 332).
g. Harzburg. Ilsenburg. Wernigerode.
Railw^ay from Harzburg to Heudeber-Dannstedt (p. 311), via Ilsen-
burg and Wernigerode, in li/rlV2hr., to Ilsenburg in V2 hr. ; comp. pp. 327-
329. — The following is a pleasant Walk of two days (or, including the
Brocken, three days): Harzburg and environs 5-6 hrs.; by the Rabcn-
klippen to Ilsenburg 31/2 hrs. ; Ilsenstein and waterfalls 21/2 hrs. ; by the
Plessenburg and through the Steinernc Renne to Wernigerode 3 hrs. ;
environs of Wernigerode 3-4 hrs.
Harzburg. — Hotels. In the upper part of Harzburg, near the
grounds and the mountains : *Harzburger Hof (PI. a), commanding a view
in every direction, R. 3-15, B. 1^/2^ D- -1, pens, from 91/2 <^'' *Juliushall
(PI. e); ^Lndicigslust (PI. c), R. 2-5, B. IV4, D. 3, pens. 7-10 J^: *Asche
(PI. i), R. 3-8, D. SJC; *Waldpark- Hotel Belvedere (PL b) ; *Schmelzer
(PI. k), R. 2-5 .^; *Eggeling (PI. f), R. 2-5, pens. 6-10 c^; National (PI. d);
Rebstock (PI. n); Ra'dau (PI. 1); Bellevue (PI. m), well spoken of. — In
326 Iconic 50. HARZBURO. Sarz
the village: Ldhr's (PI. b). first-class. — Xear the station: Lindenhof
(PI. g), R. IV4-3 c^: Stadt Hamburg. — On the Burgberg, with fine view:
Hotel Burgberg, R. 2-31/2. pens. 6-8 JC. — Apartments also to be obtained
in numerous villas (pensions), many elegantly fitted up, with prices to
correspond: Eysell (pens. 5-8 c*) ; Use; Lug ins Land {^Qn^. l^j^-lOJC)-,
Marie Laise (pens. 5-7V'o.^) ; Rosenliagen : Ulrich ; Waldtraut: and others.
Restaura>-ts in the above hotels : * Kurha us {B. 2^/2, S. 2 JC) : Unter
den Lichen: Kaiser (D. IV. 2-^}- — Wiener Cafe: Peter's Cafe.
Post & Telegraph Office. Herzog-TTilhelm-Strasse.
Carriages : From the station to the lower part of the to"«Ti 1-2 pcrs.
1 JC, 3-5 pers. IV2 ^1 to the upper part 50 pf. more. — To the Burgberg,
with two horses. 7 t^; Radau Fall 4; Ilsenburg IOV2 ; RomkerhaUc and
back 123 4 1 Wernigerode 17; Brocken 27, there and back in one day
33, returning on following morning 40V'2 «^- ^"^ ^^ch case driver's fee
is included. — Horses axd Mules 41/2 ^ per day, attendant's fee 21/4 JC ;
to the Brocken 5-6V'2 JC. with 2i '4-^ ^^ to the driver and the animal's- food.
Visitors' Tax for a week 3, for the season 10 JC.
ENGLISH Church Service in summer on Sun. at the Belvedere Hotel.
Harzhitrg (770 ft.). the most fashionable summer-resort in the
Harz, has pleasant promenades extending far into the Radau-Tal
(at the entrance to which it lies) and up the adjoining heights. It
is also visited in winter. Pop. 4500. — About 1 M. to the S. of
the station are the Jidiusliall Saline Baths (bath 1^ 4-2V4 ^). op-
posite which are a covered promenade and the Krodo Quelle (used
for drinking). At the foot of the Burgberg, ^,3 M. farther on, is
the Kurhaus. A bridge crosses to the pleasant grounds known as
the FAchen (oaks), which contain a cafe-restaurant (see above) and
shopkeepers' stalls.
The finest point in the environs is the *Grosse Burgberg
(1555 ft.; hotel, see above), crowned with the scanty ruins of the
Harzburg, a castle of Emp. Henry IT., and commanding an ad-
mirable prospect. The Bismarck Column, consists of a granite
obelisk with a bronze medallion of Bismarck by Engelhard [ISll).
The road leads from the Kurhaus up the valley to the S. to the
\V 2 ^L) Radau Fall (good restaurant; omnibus), a pretty artificial
cascade, whence we may return by a path to the left a little below
the fall, crossing the Schmalenherg (View from the BClrenstein)
and traversing the Riefenhach-Tal. — From the Radau Fall we
may reach the Molkenhaus (1^/4 hr. to the E.) by a zigzag path
over the Winterherg o'iew). About ^4 hr. farther to the X.E. are
the Rabenklippen (p. 327), whence we may reach the Katteniise
(^p. 327) in 1 hr. more.
Beautiful walks also on the E. side of the valley (with finger-
posts and distinguishing letters): to the (20 min.) SennJultte (dairy),
and hence to the (40 min. 1 Burgberg; or to the 2folkenhaus (1706ft.;
way to the Brocken, see p. 330), 1 hr. from the Sennhtitte, with an
inn (R. IVo-^- D. 2^2 ^f^ returning via the Ettersklippen.
From Harzburg to Romkerhalle (Goslar}. a. Via the Kastenklippe,
3 hrs. AVe ascend the W. side of the valley, past the Hotel Ludwigslust
(PI. c), to (1/4 hr.) where the road forks, whence we mav proceed either
by the upper road to the left, past the (2i 2 M.) chalet' to the (IV2 M.)
Mountains. ILSENBURGr. 50. Route. 327
Kdstenklippe, or to the right by the forest-road to the ^1 M.) Silberhorn
Hotel, ascending thence past the (1 M.) Elfenstein (1552 ft.) and the (1 M.)
chalet to the (IVa ^•) Kdstenklippe. Thence via the Hexenkilche ('witches'
kitchen'), the Mausefallc ('mouse-trap'), the Feigenbauin-Klippe, and the
Grotto to (13/4 M.) Romkerhalle (p. 325). — b. Via the Ahrendsberger
Klippen, 31/4 hrs. From the Hotel Ludwigslust (p. 32fi) we ascend the
Breite Berg to the (2 hrs.) Ahrendsberger Forsthaus (1722 ft.; tavern;
hence to Altenau, see p. 332). We proceed hence to the N. to the (Vj hr.)
Ahrendsberger Klippe7i and descend thence to (3/^ hr.) Romkerhalle."
From Harzburg to Ilsenburg by the Rabenklippen, 3-3V2 hrs. A few
minutes before the top of the Burgberg is reached, at a stone finger-post,
the broad 'Kaiserweg' diverges from the road to the E. (The name is
derived from a tradition that Emp. Henry IV. fled in this direction when
his castle was captured by the Saxons.) This road leads to the (10 min.)
Sdperstelle, a spot with a bench, where direction-posts indicate the way
in a straight direction to the Kattendse, to the right to the Molkenhaus
(to the Brocken, see p. 3.30) and the (3/4 hr.) ^Rabenklippen, where a fine
*View of the Ecker-Tal and the Brocken is enjoyed (restaurant). We
then descend towards the N.E. to the (20 min.) Ecker-Tal, through which
a road leads to (IV2 M.) Eckerkrug (inn). Thence by a forest-path to the
right (S.E.) to (IV2 M.) Ilsenburg.
The Railway runs from Harzburg througli the Schimmerwald
and along the base of the mountains. 6^4 M. Stapelburg,
8V2 M- Ilsenburg (780 ft.; "^ Bote Forellen, with garden,
R. 21/2-5, D. 21/2-3^; Bosche, R. IV2-3V2 ^, well spoken of;
Haherhauffj R. l^j^-^Jl; Detitsches Haus, Taiine, R. V/^-2^/2^;
"^Waldhohe , Blauer Stein, both near the wood, R. IY4-2Y2 ^/
carr. and omn. to the Brocken, see p. 330; visitors' tax 3-5 e^),
is a busy village of 4500 inhab. at the mouth of the Ilse-Tal,
with Iro7i Works of Prince Stolberg-Wernigerode, where artistic
and other objects in cast iron are manufactured (depot in the vil-
lage). It is commanded by the handsome Romanesque Schloss of
the prince, on an eminence to the S.E., originally founded in 1003
as a Benedictine abbey.
The *Ilse-Tal, one of the finest valleys in the Harz, presents
a succession of remarkably picturesque rock and forest scenes,
enlivened by a series of miniature cascades, and rendered still
more interesting by the numerous romantic legends attaching to it.
The valley is traversed by a carriage-road, and also by a footpath
(see below). The former leads to the (IY2 M-) ^oot of the Ilsenstein,
a precipitous buttress of granite, rising to a height of 500 ft. above
the valley. From the Esenstein and Brinzess Use inns (R. 2-4,
D. 21/2 ^^) ^t the foot several paths lead to the (^/^ hr.) summit,
where an iron cross has been erected to the fallen warriors of
1813-15 (fine view). The road, which accompanies the stream and
its pretty Waterfalls for 3 M. more, is recommended to the lover
of the picturesque, even if the ascent of the Brocken (p. 330) is not
contemplated.
In descending from the Ilsenstein a footpath, marked P and PL,
leads to the (3/^ hr.) Plessenburg, a forester's house (restaurant). The
Karl ski ippen, V4 M. farther up, command a fine view. Road from the
Plessenburg, marked St. R., to the (IV2 M.) Wernigerode road, which
328 lioute 50. ^VERXIGERODE. Harz
ascends to the right to (IV2 M.) the Steinerne Renne. — Another road from
the Plessenburg to Wernigerode leads by Altenrode.
Between Ilsenburg and Wernigerode the railway (p. 327) passes
(11 M.) Driiheck. with its Romanesque church (11-12 cent.).
141/2 M. Wernigerode (see Plan, p. 325). — Hotels. ^Monopol
(PI. b). by the Westeru-Tor station. R. li;2-5. D. 2i 2-3, pens. h-lOJC; Weisser
Hirsch (PL a), R. from IV2. D- 21/2--*^ •' Deutsche 8 Haus (PI. d): Knai(f(?\. c).
R. from 11/2, D. \^;r^, pens, from 41/2 ^i GoIcUner Hirsch (PL e) ; Gotisches
Hans (PL f) : Preussischer Hof (PL g); Lbidenhery (PL k). on the Linden-
berg, near the town, with view. R. I1/2-21/2 JC. — In the Miihlen-Tal :
Muhlentah: Kifster's Kaynp, both also pensions (4-6 JC). — Railway
Bestaura'nt. — Wine at Uehr's. Unterengengasse 14. — Beer: Ratskeller ;
Ahrends, Breite-Str. 25. — Post Office, Markt-Str.
Carriage and Pair (fares there and back) to Ilsenburg 9, to the
Steinerne Renne 10, Regeustein 12. Brocken 21 JC; fee 1-2 JC. — Diligence
to Elbingerode, see p. 329. — Baihcay to Xordhausen, see p. 329.
Wernigerode (770 ft.), with a loftily-situated Schloss (fee 50 pf.)
and a park of the Prince of Stolherg -Wernigerode , lies pictur-
esquely on the slopes of the Harz Mts., at the confluence of the
Zillkier'bach and the Holzemme. Pop. 18,000. The JRathaus, with
a timber facade of 1498, and many of the houses are picturesque
old structures. The Fiirst Otto Jfuseum (open free on Sun. 11-1,
Mon., ^Ved., Thurs., & Sat. 10-1 & 3-5; at other times 1 ^, a party
50 pf. each), contains historical and natural history collections,
portraits, and paintings (early Italian and Xetherlandish schools).
— The Lust -Garten (containing the Library, with 117,000 vols.),
the Tier-Garten or park, and the Lindenberg (hotel, see above), to
the S. of the town, the Arrneleuteberg (1617 ft.), and the Harburg
(restaurant) afford beautiful walks.
The most attractive excursion from Wernigerode is to the
Steixerxe Rexxe (railway to Hasserode 20 min. ; thence on foot
1^4 hr.). The road ascends the valley of the Holzemme to (21/4 M.)
Hasserode (p. 329). At the entrance to the village a finger-post in-
dicates the road to the left to Dreiannen-Hohne, Schierke, and the
Brocken, and to the right to the Steinerne Renne. Pedestrians may
quit the road a little farther on by a path to the left, past the inn
Zur Steinernen Renne. The road now ascends the beautiful, pine-clad
valley of the Holzemme, or *Steineriie Renne, passing {22 min.)
the railway-station of that name, and the ( 12 min.) Silberne Mann.
A little beyond the latter we ascend to the left, and in ^ o ^^- more
we cross to the left bank, on which is (8 min.) Hesselbarth's Hotel
Wasserfall (R. V/i-2^/2, D. 2 ^). A broad path to the left leads to
Hohne (see below), and one to the right to the Plessenburg in 1 hr.
(see above). Fine view from the Benneklijjpen, 10 min. to the N.
Ascent of the Brocken. see p. 331.
From the Wasserfall Hotel we may, with a guide, ascend the (3/| hr.)
Hohustein {IdlQ ft. ; view), and return by the road through the Thumkiihlen-
Tal to Wernigerode ; or we may proceed via the foresters's house oi Hohne
,'rfmts., with pension) to the Schierke road or the path through the Jakobs-
Mountains. HASSEROBE. 56>. Route. 329
bruch to the Brockcn. An ascent of the Hohneklippen (2955 ft. ; *Punorama)
may be combined with the latter route.
To Elbingerode, 7 M. from Wernis-erode, diligence once daily, up the
valley of the Zilligerbaoh. About 21/4 M. from AVerniji;erode is a forester's
liouse, where tlie road diverges to the ri^^ht. A finger-post, IV2 M. farther
on, indicates a path to tlie riglit to the Buchciibary (inn). " Thence to
Elbingerode (p. 321), IV2 hr.
Beyond Wernigerode tlie railway (p. 327) goes on to (17 M.)
Minslehen (branch -line to Langenstein, p. 311) and (20 M.) Heu-
deher-Dennstedt (p. 311).
h. From Wernigerode to nSTordhausen.j
37 M. Railway in 31/0 hrs. (fares 3 .x<^ 90, 2 ^H. 60 pf. ; no 1st cl.). —
To Hasserode, 25, 15 pf . ; to Steinerne Kcnne 35, 25 pf.; to Dreiaunen-
Hohne, 90, 55 pf.; to Schierke IJC\)0, 1 .^ 35 pf. To the top of the
Brocken 4 .^ 30, ^ .^ 85 pf. ; Sun. return-ticket 1 JC 90, 3 JC 10 pf. — From
Nordhausen to the Brockcn, 6 Jl 70, 1 ^ 30 pf.. Sun. return-ticket 7 JC 50,
4:JC 70 pf.
Wernigerode ^ see p. 328. — The trains start from a local
station beside the other and ascend the valley of the Holzemme. —
We pass in succession the three stations of (2'^U M.) Hasserode
(1250 ft.; Steinerne Renne; Hohnstein^ R. 2i/J-4, D. 2-2^,^ JC ;
Steinberg), a village much visited as a summer-resort. — 3^2 M-
Steinerne Renne (p. 328). The railway now skirts the slopes of
the Beerherg and ascends the Drenge-Tal. — From (8^/4 M.) Drei-
annen-Hohne (1778 ft.; Rail. Restaurant; Hotel Dreianncn-Hohne,
R. iW^i ^- ^V'i"^ ^^') '^ branch-line runs to (31/2 M.) Elbingerode
(p. 321). Railwav hence up the Brocken, see p. 330.
12 M. Elend (1705 ft. ; St. Hubertus, R. 17.,, D. 2-3 c^; Wald-
milhle, R. 1^/2-^^/4^ ^ ; Hampe; Waldhohe ; visitors' tax 1-2 ^)
is frequented both in summer and winter. Schierke lies 2 M. to the
N. (sleigh 4-7 t//). — We now cross the Kalte Bode and pass under
the line from Tanne to Braunlage (p. 321). 16 M. Sorge. — 191/2 M.
Benneckenstein (1742 ft.; Daheim; Herzog; Rail. Restaurant), an
iron-mining town (3300 inhab.) and summer-resort. About 2V2M.
to the W. is Hoheqeiss (p. 309); and 8 M. to the S. is Ellrich
(p. 309). — 25I/2 M. Tiefenbachmuhle; 27 M. Eisf elder Tcd-
milhle^ the junction of a branch-line to Gernrode (see p. 316; to the
Birkenkopf, see p. 322); 29 M. Netzkater (inn); 291/2 M. Tal-
Brauerei. — The line traverses the village of Ilfeld.
31 M. Ilfeld (836 ft.; Tanne, R. I1/2-2, D. 1^/4 -/^; Krone;
Rail. Restaurant)^ a prettily situated summer-resort (pop. 1600).
The Prsemonstratensian abbey founded here in 1196 was converted
in 1546 into a school. The Eichberg rises ^|^ M. tcf the E., and
the Burgberg, with a ruined castle, ^/^ M. to the W.
Pleasant excursions to the N.E. to (^V^ hr.) Herzberg ; to the E. to
(1 hr.) Kaiclberg, and, via the BieUteine, to the (li/._,hr.) Poppejibcrg (p. 322) ;
to the N. to the (1/2^^.) Net::kater and (1 hr.) Rabcustein: to the W. to
the (IV4 hr.) forester's house of Braiinsteinhaffs (inn), and thence to the
(1/2 hr.) Harzburg. — From Ilfeld to Neustadt unterm Hohnstein, see p. 322.
330 ^oute 50. SCHIERKE. Harz
33^/2 M. Nieder-Sachswei^fen (Harzquerbalinhof-Hotel), ^/g ^•
to the X.E. of the station mentioned at p. 345. — Beyond (34 M.)
Crimderode vre cross tlie Zorge. — 37 M. Xordhausen (p. 341j;
station adjoining the main line station.
i. The Brocken.
a. ilail\yay from Dreianuen-Hohne to the summit, 12 M., in IV4 hr.
(fares up 3 .€ 50. 2 ^^ 30 pf.. down \ JC^O. IJC 2^) pf. ; Sun. return-ticket
3 JO 70, 2 ^ 30 pf.}. The maximum gradient of the railway is 1 : 30; best
views to the left
Dreidnnen- Hohne, see p. 329. The Brocken line diverges to
the^'iV. from the Xordhausen line, and crosses the Wormke-ScMucht.
3M. Sehierke. — Hotels (frequently crowded). *Filrstzii Stolberg,
R. 2-8, B. 11/4, D. 31/2-4 pens. 8-15, omn. i JO: "^Kurlmm, R. 4V.>-7, D. 4.
pens. 9-lSJC: FilrstenJioh. on the Brocken road, R. 21/2-6, D. SJO: Burg-
Hotel, in the lower part of the village. R. 2-io. D. 3 JC. omn. 1 JC 10 pf.:
Brocken-Schcideclc, R. 2-6^^: Hot. -Pens. Waldfrieden: Ho2ype,v: all spoken
of: Haus Tannenheim. well spoken of: Konig. R. 11/.2-3 ^. — Post & Tel-
egraph Office, near the Fiirstenhoh Hotel. — Carriage to the Brocken 21 JC
and fee. — Visitors' Tax 2-5 JO.
Sehierke (1950 ft., station 2260 ft.), a scattered villaore much
frequented both summer and winter, lies V2 ^^- below the station.
The neio:hbourino; rocks derive various whimsical names from their
grotesque shapes. To the S., on the Bahrenherg (l^/g hr. there and
back), are the Sclinarcher (2237 ft.: 'Snorers'): to the X. the
Ahrensklird (2595 ft.: ^ ^ hr.i and (1^ \ hr. farther; the Hohne-
klippen <2955 ft.). Ascent of the Brocken on foot, see p. 331.
The railway farther on (*Viewj intersects the old and new
Brocken roads, crosses the Schluftwasser in the Eckerloch, traverses
the Brocken moor, touches at (8 M.) Goethe-Weg (3125 ft.i, and
skirts the mountain to the terminus (3705 ft.j on the E. side, 3 niin.
below the hotel (p. 331 .
b. Roads and l^ootpaths. The routes to the top of the Brocken
are all indicated by white capital letters painted on the trees and rocks,
B standing for Brocken and the other letters for the places at the lower
end of the route (S for Sehierke. I for Ilsenburg. and so on).
AscEXT OF THE Brockex FROM Harzburg (p. 325), about 4 hrs. — To
the 3Iolkenhaus (1 hr. 20 min.), see p. 326. We ascend thence by the
straight path towards the S. : then descend, past the (10 min.) Muxklippe,
a projecting rock (on the left) commanding a good view of the Brocken
and the Ecker-Tal. to the (35 min.) Dreiherrn-Briicke across the Ecker;
then follow the stream (right bank) to the finger-post indicating the way
to the (3/^ hr.) forester's cottage of Scharfenstein (inn), near which is the
Scharfensteinklippe (view). Farther on the path crosses the (12 min.)
road and proceeds straight on to (18 min.) a stone guide-post, soon after
which it forks^: our route leads to the right by the Bismarck-Klippe (view)
to the (Vo hr.) BrockenhHtte ; turning here to' the left, we cross the (V2 hr.)
Brocken railway and reach the Brockenhaus (p. 331) in V* hr. more.
From Ilsenburg (p. 327), 4 hrs., bvthe carriage-road (omn. daily 3 JO,
back 2. carr. there and back 21 JO). To the Ilse'Waterfalls. 31/2 M., see
p. 327, At the kilometre -stone 5.1, 1 M. farther on. the footpath to
the Brocken diverges to the right: after 20 min. it reaches the road,
which we follow to the right, avoiding (8 min.) the route to the left over
Mountains. BROCKEN. 50. Route. 33 1
the bridge, and in 2 min. more reach a stone guide-post, indicating the
route to the right via the Hcrmannsklippe. In 25 niin. we reach another
stone guide-post, and tlience follow the path from Harzburg (see p. 830)
to the Brockenhaits in 1V> hr.
From Wernigerode (p. 328), through the Steincrnc Rcnnc, ^^l>-^i hrs.
(also carriage-road via the Plessenhurg). — To the Wasserfall Hotel (see
p. 328, 21/2 hrs. ; advisable to take railway as fas as Hasserode) ; thence
ascend by the road which passes above this bridge to the left; after
6 min. turn to the left; 3 min., keep straight on (avoidiug paths to the left)
for V2 ^ir- ; then ascend a steep path (to the left) to the top of Wxa lic.nnecken-
berg (1 hr.) ; after 10 min. the Brocken road is reached, and tlie summit is
attained in Ihr. more. — An easier route (S'/j hrs.) leads l)y the 'Glashilttcn-
Weg\ through the Jakobsbruch, and past the AhrenHklinter-Klippen.
From Elbingerode (p. 321), 3Vi-l hrs. We follow the road to the W,
via the 'Drei Birken' and 'Signal-Fichte' to tlie (IV4 hr.) forestjyr's house
of Holme, beyond which we join the above route.
From Rotehutte-Konigshof (p. 321), 11 M. Carriage (5-6 pers.) to
Schierke 5-6, to Elend or Dreiannen-Hohne 3-4, to the top of the Brocken
15 JC, with fee (railwav from Dreiannen-Hohne and Schierke, see p. 330).
We follow the road via (li/., M.) Mandelholz and (2 M.) FAenil (p. 329) to
(21/4 M.) Schierke (p. 330). Beyond the Brocken-Scheideck Inn the road
forks ; the route straight on is easier but longer than tlie old road to the
right. The routes unite after crossing the Brocken railway. After about
1 hr. (by the old road) a granite finger-post is reached at the union of this
road with that from Ilsenburg. To the top IV4 hr. more.
From St. Andreasberg (p. 332), 4V2-''> hrs. The road (carr. & pair
28 JC) leads via Oderhaiis, Bratcnlage, Elend, and Schierke (see above) ;
the footpath, more attractive, by the (1 hr.) Rehberger Grabenhaus to
the (IV4 hr.) Oderteich (p. 332), and then by Oderbriick (inn) to the (2 hrs.)
top (path marked by blocks of granite).
The Brocken, or Blocksberg ^ the Mons Bructerus of the
Romans, 3745 ft. above the sea -level, forming together with its
neighbours the Brocken-Gehirge^ the nucleus of the Harz, rises to
a considerable height above the lofty plateau of the latter, and is
the highest mountain in Central Grermany. Vegetation becomes
very scanty near the summit, and no trees grow within 100 ft. of it.
Inn at the top (R. 3, B. 1, D. 3 c^; in the height of the season
rooms should be engaged in advance); also a post and telegraph-
office, a Meteorological Station and the terminus of the Brocken
Railway (p. 330).
The Tower commands an extensive *yiew in clear weather,
the towers of Magdeburg, Erfurt, Gotha, Cassel, Hanover, and
Brunswick being visible (unclouded horizon rare). The traveller
should reach the summit before sunset, in order to have two op-
portunities of obtaining a view.
Several grotesque blocks of granite to the S. of the tower have
received the names of Devil's Pulpit^ Witches^ Altar, etc. Tradi-
tion points out this spot as the meeting -place of the witches on
St. Walpurgis' Night, the eve of May Day. Goethe's use of this
tradition in 'Faust' is well known.
332 Boute 50. CLAUSTAL. Sarz Mountains.
j. Claustal. St. Andreasberg. Grund.
From Goslar to Claustal. 19V 2 ^I-? railway iu IV.2 hr.
Goslai\ see p. 32*2. — From Goslar to (S^, 2 M.) Langelsheim,
see p. 312. The train tlien ascends tlie valley of the Innerste to
(101/, M.) Lautental (1000 ft.: Princess Caroline, K. l^j^-2^'^^
D. 13/4 ^t: Bathaus, R. 2-2i .>, I>. l\/4 -/^; SchiltzenhaKs),' a
summer-resort pop. 2600) with baths, silver-mines, and smelting-
works. — 151 2 ^^- ^Vildemann (1345 ft.; Kurhaus, R. 2-5 e^;
Rathaus: Wilder ^lann, with rail, restaurant), another summer-
resort (pop. 1400); 17% M. Frankenscharrn-Hiitte, with silver-
smeltingjworks.
191 2 M. Claustal (1985 ft.: Rathaus: Goldene Krone;
Deutscher Kaiser. ^. V o. D. 1^ 2 ^//.* Gliickauf)^ the most im-
portant place in the Oberharz, and the seat of the mining author-
ities, forms with JZeller f eld [Dentsches Hans : Rathaus), which is sep-
arated from it by the Zellhach. a single town of 13.000 inhab.,
chiefly miners. Country bleak and sterile. Most of the houses are
of wood. The Berg-Akademie, in the market-place of Claustal,
contains models and minerals (open 10-12: 50 pf.); and the Bat-
haus in Zellerfeld accommodates the Upper Harz Museum (free on
Sun. 11-11, and Wed. & Sat. 2-4; at other times 50 pf.).
The mines iu the environs of Claustal are among the most im-
portant in Germany (visitors not admitted). Their output includes gold,
silver, lead, and copper. The mines around Clausthal are drained by
means of the Ernst-Augtist StoUen. a channel 18 M. long, terminating
near Glttelde (p. 308). 'The Kaiser Wilhclm II. mine is 3000 ft. deep.
Altenau (pop. 2100: Bammelsherg. R. IVo-^'V*. !>• 2 ^; Waldgarten;
Scliiitzcnhaii.s : Rathaus). 7 M. to the X.E. of Claustal, on the road to
Okcr (p. 325). is a favourite summer-residence. By the footpath it is
somewhat nearer.
To OsTERODE, a railway-station. 9^2 ^^- from Claustal. a diligence
runs twice daily, passing several picturesque points, e.g. the inn at the
foot of the (I1/4 M.) Hciligenstock. — Osterode, see p. 308.
From Claustal to St. Axdreasberg, 14 M., diligence daily
in 3 hrs. The road crosses the bleak lofty plateau of the Oberharz.
The (5 M.) Sperherhaier Damra (1870 ft.) supplies the mines of
Claustal with water. A finger-post on the right, about 2^4 M.
farther on, indicates the route to the (^'4 hr.) Hammersteinj com-
manding a fine view of the valley of the Sose. At the (3 M.) Sonne-
berger Wegeliavs (2560 ft.: inn) the highroad turns to the S., while
that in a straight direction leads to Braunlage (p. 321). Pedestrians
may here quit the diligence and follow the latter road to the (IV 2^^-)
Oderieich (2375 ft.), an artifical reservoir, whence a pleasant road
leads to St. Andreasberg in 1^/4 hr., skirting a conduit called the
Behherger Graben, and passing the Behberger Grabenhaus (inn),
1^ 2 ^^- fi'om Andreasberg.
St. Andreasberg (1900-2060 ft.: Schiitzenhaus , R. 1^ 2"
'2\ 2 ^/l : Bathaus : Bergrnann : Bail. Bestaurant)^ a small mining
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WILDUNGEN. 5i. Route. 333
town (3700 inhab.) situated in a lofty and bleak region, is frequent-
ed as a health-resort (also in Avinter) on account of its bracing
mountain air. The breeding of canary birds is actively carried on
here. The railway station (1420 ft.; p. 308) is I8/4 M. from the
town (omn. 50-75 pf.). Near it is a silver -smelter. — Ascent of
the Brocken, see p. 331.
To Herzberg (p. 308), 9 M. from St. Andreasbcrg, a pleasant road
leads by (41/2 M.) Sieher (Krone) and through the pretty Siebei'-Tal. —
Railway by Lauterherg to Scharzfeld, see p. 308.
51. Prom Cassel to Frankfort on the Main.
124 M. Railway. Express in 8V2-4 hrs. (fares 17 JC 60, 11 JC 40,
7 ^^ 20 pf.); ordinary trains in 53/^ hrs. (fares 15 JC ^0, 9 J^ 40, 6 J6
20 pf.). — Express from Berlin to (354 M.) Frankfort in 11 hrs. (fares
43 JC 10 pf., 27 cS 50, 17 cS 16 pf . ; comp. RR. 4, 6).
Cassel, see p. 57. From (21/2 M.) Wilhelmshohe (p. 65) a branch-
line runs to Waldkappel (2872 ^O- To the left, farther on, flows
the Fulda.
8^/2 M. Gimtershausen is the junction of the Eisenach line
(p. 268). The train now skirts the Fulda and then the ^c?er. 101/2^.
Griff e. Near (17 M.) Gensungen the wooded Heiligenherg rises
to the left, and the lofty tower of the ruined castle of Felsherg
(1375 ft.) to the right; farther on, at the confluence of the Schwalm
and the Eder, stands the Altenhurg (1415 ft.).
22 M. Wahern (540 ft.), with a chateau of the old landgraves
of Hessen, is the junction for Wildungen.
From Wabern to Wildungen, IOV2 M., railway in 3/^ hr. The rail-
way ascends the valley of the Eder to (31/2 M.) Fritzlar (720 ft. ; Eng-
lischer Hof, R. IV2 «^), an old town (3500 inhab.), prettily situated on
the left bank of the stream, surrounded by mediaeval watch-towers, and
containing several interesting buildings. It owes its origin to the Benedic-
tine abbey founded about 740 by St. Boniface. T\iQ * Collegiate Church
of St. Peter was erected in 1171-1230 on the site of an earlier church.
It is a Romanesque edifice, with a crypt, a W. porch in the transitional
style, and handsome Gothic cloisters. The S. tower was rebuilt in 1873.
The Church of the Minorites (Prot.) dates from the 14th century. At
Geismar, situated above Fritzlar, about IV2 M. to the N.W., St. Boniface
is said to have felled the sacred oak dedicated to the god Wotan in 723.
— Beyond (7 M.) Ungedanken we enter the principality of Waldeck. —
IOV2 M. Wildungen Station, 1/2 M!. from the town. Hotel -omnibuses
await the trains.
'Wildungen (935 ft. : *Furstenhof(S; Gocke, R. from 31/21 D- 3-6, pens,
from 91/21 omn. 11/4^^; "^FvrstUches Bade-Hotel, R. 3-6V2, B- IV4, D- 3-4^,
these two with mineral baths; *Kaiserhof, R. 3-6, pens from S JC ; *Park
Hotel, R. 3-9, D. 3-4 c^; Quisisana, R. from 3, D. ^^j.^-A^j^JC: *Westend,
R. 21/2-5 JC; *Helenen- Quelle, R. 2-5 JC: Royal, U. 2-4. JC; *Post, R.2-3^,
and many others ; numerous lodging-houses) is a frequented watering-
place (pop. 3700), called Nieder- Wildungen, to distinguish it from Alt-
Wildungen, situated to the N., about 160 ft. higher, with the Schloss
Friedrichstein (995 ft.), commanding a survey of the pretty wooded
environs. The Gothic Stadt-Kirche at Nieder-Wildungen contains the
marble monument of Count Josias of Waldeck (died in Crete, 1669), a
334 ^^«^« 51. MARBURG. From Cassel
formidable antagonist of the Turks, and a good winged altar-piece,
painted by Conrad von Soest in 1404. — The mineral Springs, which
contain iron, and nitrogen, and are beneficial in cases of bowel-com-
plaints, diseases of the bladder, etc., lie a little to the S.W. (10,000
patients annually; visitors' tax 20 JC). The most important is the Georg-
Viktor- Quelle, in the Kurgo.rten. connected with the town (IV4 M.) by
the Brunnen-Allee. Pleasant walks to the Katzeiutein and back in "3/^ hr. ;
to Eeinhardshausen, 1 M. to the W. of the Georg-Yiktor-Quelle ; ascent
of the Homherg (1700 ft. ; view-tower) and back, 2 hrs. — A road diverg-
ing to the left from the Brunnen-Str. as we quit the town leads to the
(11 J !M.) Helenen- Quelle, the second in importance of the springs (cafe).
Pleasant walk thence to the Tal-Quelle, and the StaJil- Quelle, from which
we mav return to the town by the highroad (2 hrs.), passing the Georg-
Yiktor-Quelle. — About 7' o M. to the X. of Wildungen (carr. 9 JC there
and back) is the old chateau of Waldeck (1380 ft. ; restaurant), which
commands an admirable view of the valley of the Eder. The Auenherg
(2055 ft.). 5 M. to the S., is also a fine point of view. — From Wildungen
a diligence runs daily to (20 M.) Frankenherg (p. 57).
The railway goes on to (17 M.) Buhlen.
38 M. Treysa^ the junction for the lines to Xiederhone (p. 339)
and Hers f eld (p. 339). From (55 M.) Kirchhain a branch-line runs
via (2^ 2 ^^0 ^^6 little town of Amonehurg (seen to the left), the
venerable monastery of which was founded in 722 by St. Boniface,
to (12\ 2 ^^O Gemiinden (see Baedeker's Southern Germany). The
train crosses the Lahn. — 62 M. Colhe (p. 336).
64^2 ^- Marburg. — Hotels. Pfeiffer (PI. a), E. 21/3-31/2,
D. 21/0-31/2 JC; Bitter (PI. b) ; Eaiserhof (PI. c), R. 2-4, B. 1^4^; Bahn-
hofs-Hotel (PI. e), opposite the station, well spoken of. — Restaurants.
Bitter (see above) ; Eenrich, Bopp, Lederer, Reitgasse : Kratz (wine). —
Cafe Markees, Reitgasse 6.
Cab to the town, with luggage, IV2 «^; two-horse carr. per day 12 JC,
1/2 day 71/2 JC. — Tramway from the station to the Wilhelm-Platz.
Post & Telegraph Office, Bahnhof-Str.
Key to Plan. 1. Amtsgericht. 2. Landgericht. 3. Roman Catholic
Church. 4. Lutheran Church. 5. Remains of the Chapel of St. Elizabeth.
6. Anatomical Institute. 7. Ophthalmic Hospital. 8. Chemical Institute.
9. Hygienic Institute. 10. Geological Institute. 11. Physiological Insti-
tute. 12. Zoological Institute. 13. Synagogue. 14. Rathaus.
Marburg (604 ft.), a toTvn with 20,200 inhab., on the Lahn, is
charmingly situated in a semicircle round the precipitous Schloss-
berg. The University, now attended by 1700 students, was the
first founded (by Philip the Grenerous, in 1527) without papal
privileges.
The chief boast of Marburg is the ^Church of St. Elizabeth,
erected in 1235-83 in the early-Gothic style, and affording in its
pure simplicity and noble proportions an admirable example of the
impressiveness of this style. Length 206 ft.; W. towers 236 ft.
high. The interior was restored in 1854-60. (Sacristan opposite
the church; ring; 1-2 pers. 50 pf.).
Soon after the death of St. Elizabeth (p. 282; d. in 1231, in her
24th year), the church was erected over her tomb, which atttracted multi-
tudes of pilgrims from every part of Europe. The Emp. Frederick II.,
one of these devotees (1236;, caused a crown of gold to be placed on the
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to Frankfort. MARBURa. 51. Route. 335
head of the saint, whose remains were deposited in a riclily-decorated
copper-gilt sarcophagus. The Reformed Landgrave Philip (founder of the
university), in order to put an end to the pilgrimages, caused the bones
to be removed and interred below the tomb of Conrad of Thuringia,
where they were discovered in 1554. The ^Sarcophagus (ca. 1300), which
was much injured by the French in 1812-14, is now preserved in the
sacristy. — The Mortuary Chapel, in the N. aisle, is adorned with a
fine statue of the saint. To the left is an altar with a carved representa-
tion of the Coronation of the Virgin, and winged pictures ; in the interior
the Nativity and Death of Mary. The side-altars also have old paintings.
The High Altar is a noble Gothic v/ork of 1290; the Screen dates from
the 14th century. Numerous Mo7iuments of Hessian princes and knights
of the Teutonic Order dating from the 13-16th centuries (amongst others
the tombstone of Landgrave Conrad of Thuringia, d. 1240) are preserved
in the S. transept.
The Lutheran Church (PI. 4), on a terrace commanding a fine
view, a finely-proportioned structure of the 13-14th cent., contains
several large monuments of landgraves and other princes.
The town boasts of a number of interesting old buildings in
the Steinweg, in the Wettergasse, in the market-place, in which is
situated the Bathaus (PL 14; 1512-24), and elsewhere.
The extensive *Schloss (940 ft.; open free on Wed., 2-4; at
other times 50 pf. ; castellan in the main tower), to which a steep
road ascends from the church of St. Elizabeth in 20 min., built in
the 13th cent., was a residence of the princes of Hesse in the
15-16th cent., and afterwards a state-prison. It was judiciously
restored in 1866-84 and now contains the valuable Hessian archives,
and those of Fulda and Hanau. The fine Gothic Chapel (1288) and
the *Rittersaal are worthy of inspection. In this chateau the famous
disputation between Luther, Zwingli, Melanchthon, and other Re-
formers took place in 1529. They met, on the invitation of Philip
the Grenerous, with a view to adjust their difi'erences regarding the
Eucharist, but the attempt proved abortive owing to Luther's ten-
acious adherence to the precise words, 'Hoc est corpus meum', which
he wrote in large letters on the table. Beautiful views from the
Schloss Terraces, and in descending to the town by the other side
(\/2 hr.). On the plateau, a little to the W., is the Stadt-Park,
with the Therapeutic Institute.
The "^University, on the Lahn, to the S. of the market-place,
is a handsome building by Schdfer in an early-Grothic style (1874-
91). The University Library, to the W., contains 220,000 vols.
(9-1 & 2-6). — The Botanic Garden, to the N. of the market-place,
is open daily (closed 12-1).
Environs. Good paths, provided with finger-posts, lead to a number
of other beautiful points of view. Tlie Spiegelslust (1200 ft.), a height
above the station (to the E.), is ascended in 40 min. ; morning-light most
favourable. From the Elisahetli-Brunnen near the village of Schrock,
31/2 M. distant, another good view, towards Schoneburg, may be obtained ;
the building covering the spring was built in the Renaissance style in
1596. — On the left bank of the Lahn arc the (1 hr.) Lichte Kilppel
(1200 ft.) and the {V^U l^'O Frauenberg (1240 ft.), with a ruined castle.
336 Isolde 51. GIESSEX. From Cassel
On the right bank, above the church of St. Elizabetli, rises the oak-clad
Kirchspitze (1050 ft.).
From Makbukg to Creuztal.. 571/, m., railway in 41/2 hrs. The
line traverses the Lahn-Tal. — 21/2 M. Colhe (p. 334). From (5 M.) Sarnau
a branch diverges to ^62 M.) Warburg, see p. 57. 18V'.2 ^I- Biedenkopf
(pop. 2900; inns), with a well-preserved ruin fSchlosshergj. Beyond (25 M.)
Laasphe. with the chateau of Wittgenstein, we cross the watershed be-
tween the Lahn and the Eder. 40 M. Enidtebriick ; branch to (10 M.)
Bnumlond-Berlehnrg. At (44 M.) Li/'tzel begins the most beautiful part
of the line, which crosses the ridge of the Rothaar- Gebirge and then
descends in great curves. — 57 M. Creuztal (902 ft.).
The line follows the fertile valley of the Lahn. From (72 M.)
Xiederwalgera a branch-line runs to (27 M.) Herhorni. We cross
the Lahn beyond (75 M.) Fronhausen. Xear (76 M.) Friedel-
hauserij "on a wooded hill to the left, is the chateau of Baron von
Rabenan; farther on. also to the left, rise the ruin " oi Staufen-
herg {^2^-- from Lollan. From (78 M.i Lollar a lir diverges to
Wetzlar (11 M.). Beyond Lollar the rnins of Gleiberg and Vetz-
berg are seen to the right. Beyond Giessen. 3 M. to the S.E. of the
town, rises the former Augustine monastery of Schiffenherg, now
private property (inn).
83 M. Giessen. — Hotels. Grossherzog von Hesaen (PI. c; A, 2),
R. 2-3. B. 1. D. 134-2V0 JC. good: Victoria (PI. b: A, 3); Prinz Karl
(PI. e : B. 2) ; Schv.tz (PI. d ; A, 2) ; Kuhiie (PI. a : A. 3j. R. 2-31/2. D. 2 ^. —
RESTArRA:jfTS. Schott {^'inQ) \ L2i<7?r?V/6?)2<r^ (wine), with garden ; Theatre
Restaurant: Kaiserhof : Boyal : Zur Schonen Aussicht ; Railway Restau-
rant. — Cafe Hettler: Wieiier Cafe.
Post & Telegraph Office (PI. A, 3), opposite the station.
Cabs. From the station to the town, 1 pers. 60, 2 pers. 80 pf. ; per
hour 11/2 JC and 2 JC.
Giessen (515 ft.), a Hessian town on the Lahn, with 36,000 in-
hab., is the seat of a university, founded in 1607 (1100 students).
It sprang up round a castle of the 12th centurv.
The Bahnhof-Str. 'PL H, 2, 3) and the Seltersweg (PL B, 2), the
chief business-thoroughfare, lead to the X.E. to the old town, with
its narrow and crowded streets. In the Market Place (PL B, 1, 2)
are the Old Rathaus (PL 1) and the Hirsrh-Apotheke (No. 11), a
timber structure of the 16th century.
In the Braxd (PL B. 1), an open space dating from a fire in
1560, stands the Alte Schloss (PL 2; 1570;, containing a historical
collection (open free on Sun., 11-1; at other times 50 pL). Farther
on are the Xeue Schloss (1530; and the Arsenal (1586; now
barracks^
The Botanic Garden was founded in 1609 (main entr. adjoining
the Alte Schloss). From the X. entrance, in the Senckenberg-Str.,
we soon reach the Ost-Anlage, with a monument to Justus von
Liebig (1803-73), the celebrated chemist, who was a professor here
from 1824 to 1852. — In the S. part of the town are the new
University (PL B, C, 3;, erected in 1889, and the University Li-
brary (PL C, 3; 224,000 vols.).
ibej^> Gleiber^
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jiPt^
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-S'zt.}
-^.
R5
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c^J?^
^'^
^ m
o
m
to Frankfort. NAUHEIM. 5l.Boute. 337
From Giessen to Fulda, 66 M., railway in 23/^ hrs. — 37 M. Alsfeld
(Krone), the principal place on this line (4600 inhab.), and the oldest
town in Upper Hesse, possesses two fine Gothic churches and several
interesting late-Gothic and Renaissance edifices of the 15-16th centuries.
— 54 M. Salzschlirf (*Kurhaus ; *Wiisthofen ; Rail. Restaurant) is a
watering-place with mineral springs. — Fulda, see p. 339.
A branch-line runs from Giessen in 2 hrs. to Gelnhausen (43V2 M- >
sec p. 341).
83 Y2 M. Grossen- Linden, with a Romanesque church (10th
cent.). — About 6 M. to the N.E. of (94 M.) Butzhach (pop. 3950;
Hessischer Hof), a small town in the fertile Wetterau, on a branch-
line to Griinberg, rise the extensive ruins of the castle of Miinzen-
herg (690 ft.), destroyed in the Thirty Years' War, with two towers
(extensive view). About 3^2 ^- farther to the N, is the ruined
monastery of Arnsburg (ca. 1174-1215), on the Wetter.
100 M. Wauheim. — Hotels. *Kaiserhof (F\. a; C, 2), R. 31/2-10,
B. VI2, dej. 31/2-^, D. 5-6, pens, from 12 J^; *Hdt. Metropole & Monopole
(PI. g; C, 3), R. 3-10, B. I1/2, dej. 31/2, D- (7-8.30 p.m.) 5-6, pens. 10-20 J^ ;
^Bristol (PI. b; C, 2), R. 41/2-12, B. li/o, D. 41/3-6, pens, from 10 Ji;
^Prince of Wales, R. from 4, D. 4, pens, from 11 ^; * Augusta Victoria
(PI. c; C, 3), R. from 4, D. 31/2-4^; SprengeVs Park Hotel (PL d; B, 3),
R. 4-20, D. 3-41/2, pens. 10-20 J6 ; Hohenzollern, R. 4-10, D. 4i/.>-5 ; Carlton;
Britannia (PI. n ; C, 2), R. from 2, D. 21/2-3 J^ ; Sprudel Hotel (PI. e ;
B, 3), R. 21/2-5, D. 2-21/2.^; Imperial (PI. f ; C, 2), R. from 21/2 c^; Hotel
de V Europe (PI. i; B, 3); Hotel du Nord (PL k; A, 2); Bailway Hotel
(Pl.l; C, 2); Beichshof (1?\. m; C, 2). — Pensions. Victoria, pens. 60-
85 tM per week ; Irene, R. 15-40 ^ per week, board 6 ^ per day ; Villa
Hubertus, pens. S^I^-loJC; Villa Walder see (Miss Frizzell) ; Villa Wart-
burg, pens. 8-12 JC; Wahver.
Restaurants. At the hotels; also, Gamhrinus ; Burk ; Germania;
Saalburg, D. 2-3 JC.
Visitors' Tax 20.^, 2 pers. 26 c^ (day-ticket 1 c^). — Bath, I1/4-6 JC.
Cabs. Between the station and the town : one-horse, 1-2 pers. 80 pf.,
3-4 pers. 1 cS; two-horse, 1 c^ or 1 ^S 20 pf. ; per drive, 1-2 pers. 60,
3-4 pers. 80 pf ., two-horse 90 pf . or 1 c/^ 10 pf. ; jier hour 2 cS &), S J^ 50 pf .,
3 c^ 50, 4 c^ 50 pf.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL B, 3), corner of Ernst-Ludwig-Ring
and Kur-Strasse.
English Church fSt. Johfi'S); services June-September.
Nauheim (470 ft.), a town with 5000 inhab., in a healthy situ-
ation on the N.E. slopes of the Taunus Mts., possesses warm saline
springs, impregnated with carbonic acid gas, which attract 30,000
patients annually. Extensive evaporating houses and salt-pans. The
water is used both for drinking and for baths ; its curative properties,
more especially in cardiac diseases, are of considerable repute. At
the W. end of the Kur-Park is the handsome Km-liaus (PI. B, 2),
with elegant rooms and a fine terrace overlooking the extensive
grounds (dej. 23/4-33/4, D. 51/2 ^).
The Teichhaus (PL B, 1 ; restaurant), at the upper end of the park,
is much visited. The Johannisberg, a wooded height, 20 min. to the W.
of the Kursaal, commands a fine view (two-horse carr., 1-2 pers. 2 JC 80,
3-4 pers. 3 .if 40 pf.). Excursions may also be made to the Stadtwald,
Hof Hasselheck, Schloss Ziegenberg (I1/2 hr. ; one-horse carr. 8 or 10 Ji,
two-horse 12 or 14 JC) , Forsthatis Winterstein (I1/2 hr.), the ruin of
338 P^ouie 51. FRIEDBERa.
Munzenherg (p. 337; on foot 3 hrs.: carr. and pair in 11/4 hr.. 14 JC.),
Tellerberg near Butzbach (p. 337;, the ruin of Arnsburg (p. 337), or
Homburg (2 hrs. ; two-horse carr. 20 JC).
The train crosses a long viaduct to —
103 M. Friedberg (433 ft.; Hotel Trapp, R. & B. 21/2,
D. 1% Jl: Weith: Restaurant Felsenkeller, with view), a town
with 9000 iuhab., ouce a free imperial city, and still retaining
traces of its former importance. The Gothic Stadt-Kirche was
built in 1260-1350 and restored in 1896-1901 : the interior contains
a screen, tabernacle, and tombstones of the 13-15th cent., and also
Gothic stained glass. The so-called "^Judenhad, in the Judengasse,
was built in the 13th century. A flight of 90 steps descends to the
basin, 80 ft. below the street: the water has a temperature of 42-
48^ Fahr. The walls of the old Castle include a seminary and a
chateau of the Grand-Duke of Hesse (I61O). On the X. side rises
the Adolf s-Turm, a well-preserved watch-tower, 165 ft. high, and
the moats contain charming gardens. In the Usagasse is a Museum
of Antiquities. — About 1^ 2^- to theX.E. of Friedberg is Schwal-
heim, the mineral water of which is largely exported.
Farther on, the Taunus Mts. are seen on the right, and beyond
(114 M.) Vilbel the Nidda is crossed. — 121 M. Bocke/iheim.
124 M. Frankfort on the Main^ see Baedeker s Rhine.
52. Prom Gottingen to Bebra and Frankfort
on the Main.
153 M. Railway in 5-9 hrs. ;fares 18 JC 90 pf., 12 JC, 1 JC 70 pf . :
express fares 20 JC 90 pf ., IIJC, 8 JC 70 pf.
Gottingen, see p. 67. — The train ascends the wide Leine-Tal.
12 M. EicJienberg is the junction of the Xordhausen and Cassel line
(p. 306 1. A picturesque walk may be taken hence to (l^/g hr.) the
ruins of "^Hanstein (restaurant) and (^U hr.) the Teufelskanzel
'view : Allendorf (see below) may be reached in 1^/4 hr. more.
The chateau of Arnstein is seen on the right. The train passes
through two tunnels and enters the valley of the Werra; to the
right rises the castle of Ludwigstein, on the left the Hansteiu
just mentioned. Another tunnel. 21 M. Allendorf (WervdXdl)', the
station lies on the left bank, at Sooden, a village with salt-baths. —
251/2 M. Albungen ^Heiligenstein): the castle of (1 M.) FUrsten-
sfeiuy beyond the ^Verra (to the left), commands a charming view.
The *Meissner (2465 ft.), a hill well known in Grerman traditionary
lore, may be ascended from Albungen in 21/2 hrs. Fine views on the way.
The train again crosses the Werra. — 28^/2 M. Niederhone.
From Xiederhoxe to Leinefelde. 30 M., railway in 2 hrs. — The first
station is (2 M.; Eschwege ^Kochj. an industrial town with 11.800 inhab.
and important tanneries, on the Werra. The chateau, built in 1386 and
restored in 1581, is occupied by the district-court. The 'Schwarze Turm'
FULDA. rj2. Route. 339
is the sole relic of a Cyriac monastery, established before 1038. The
Bismarck 'Tower, on the Leuchtberg, affords a beautiful prospect. Charm-
ing excursions may be taken to the Silberklippe (IV2 br.), the HUrne-
kuppe, the Greifenstein, and the llillfensbery (resort of pilgrims). —
30 M. Leinefelde, see p. 306.
From Niedekhone to Eisenach, 40 M., railway in about 3 hrs. —
14 M. Heldra, near the foot of the *Heldrastein (1575 ft. ; view; inn);
16 M. Treffurt (Stern), with the ruins of Normannstein. — 40 M.
Eisenach, see p. 279.
From Niederhone to Treysa (p. 334), 50 M., railway in 21/2-3^/4 hrs.
The train now quits the Werra. 31 M. Heichensachsen, 2^2 M-
to the E. of which rises the peculiarly formed Blaue Kujjj^e
(1102 ft.). — 33 M. Hoheneiche. About 21/2 M. to the S.E. are
the ruins of Boynehurg. — The train now ascends the valley of
the Sonter.
50 M. Bebra (Rail. Restaurant ; p. 267), the junction for the
Berlin, Leipzig, and Cassel lines.
The Frankfort line ascends the valley of the Fulda to (611/2^-)
Hersfeld (665 ft.; Stern, R. l^j^-l^j^Jl; Hohenzollern) , the
junction of a branch-line to Treysa (p. 334), with 8700 inhab. and
alkaline springs (visitors' tax 12 ^). The Benedictine abbey of
Hersfeld, founded in 769, was formerly of great importance; the
* Abbey Church (1144), which was destroyed by the French in 1761,
is still imposing in its ruins. The Stadt-Kirche (restored) dates
from 1270-1323; the Rathaus from ca. 1600.
The train now ascends the valley of the Haun. 66 M. Neu-
kirchen, at the foot of the basaltic Stoppelberg (1730 ft.), which
bears the ruined castle of Hauneck. To the left rise the hills of
the Rhon.
841/2 M. Fulda. — Hotels. *Kurfurst, Schloss-Str. 2, R. 21/2-6,
D. 21/2 JC; Central Hotel, Bahnhof-Str. ; Bahnhofs-Hotel, R. 2-21/2, D. I1/4-
2 JC; Deutsches Haus, Bahnhof-Str. 5; Darmstddter Hof, Wilhelni-Str. 7,
R. I1/.2-2, -D.IJC.
Restaurants. Kaiserhof, Bahnhof-Str.; Stadtsaal, at the Orangerie;
Ptdt, Markt-Str. 13. — Post Office, in the market-place.
Fulda (930 ft.), an ancient town on the Fulda, with 20,400 in-
hab., situated in a pleasant, undulating district, owes its origin to
the once celebrated abbey founded by St. Boniface in 744. The
monastery early became famous as a seat of learning, and in 968
its abbot became the primate of all the abbeys in Germany. Fulda
was made the seat of a bishop in 1752. Its numerous towers and
public buildings still testify to its ancient dignity as the residence
of a prelate of princely rank.
The Cathedral, with a dome 108 ft. in height and two towers,
was erected in 1704-12 in the baroque style, on the site of an earlier
edifice originally founded in the 9th century. The interior was
restored in 1896.
On a pillar by the E. entrance there is a 15th cent, figure of Char-
lemagne. The ancient crypt, or Chapel of St. Boniface, beneath the
340 P^oute 52. GERSFELD. From Gottingen
choir, was restored in 1892. Here, beneath the altar, repose the remains
of St. Boniface (Winfried). an English promulgator of Christianity, who
was slain by the heathen Frisians near Dokkum in Westfriesland in 755.
To the X. of the cathedral is the Promncial Library^ with
83.000 Yolumes, a copy of Gutenberg's (1-450-55) 42-Iine(i Bible,
and other treasures (open free, 10-12; adm. at other times 30 pf.).
The small Church of St. Michael (restored 1854), adjoining
the cathedral, was consecrated in 822, to which period belong the
crypt and the octagon above it. The Romanesque nave and the rest
of the edifice date from the end of the 11th century.
The late-Gothic Xonnen-Kirche was restored in 1870. — In
the Markt are the Pfarr-Kirche (a Jesuit building of 1770-85)
and an old Fountain.
In front of the Schloss is a Statue of St. Boniface (see above)^
in bronze, by Henschel (1842). Xear the Paulus-Tor (PL B, 3;
built in 1771) is the small Town Parle.
Fine views are obtained from the basaltic Frauenherg (lO^Oti.)
and from the Petersherg (1310 ft.). On the former is a Franciscan
monastery, on the latter a church with a crypt of the 9th century.
From Fclda to Gersfeld. 17 M.. railway in IV4 hr.. through the
valley of the Fulda. — Gersfeld (1580 ft. ; Adler, R. & B. 2-21/2,
D. 11/2 JC. good ; Krone, R. or D. 11/2 JC), with a chateau and park
belonging to Count Frohberg. is the best starting-point for excursions
in the Rhon-Grebirge, a group of hills, 55 M. long and 30 M. broad,
between the Upper Fulda. the Upper Werra, and the Franconian Saale.
The most attractive are (to the X.) to the Wachtkupjyel (2315 ft.), and
thence by the Eube .'2725 ft.) and the Pferdskopf (2875 ft.) to the
*Grosse WasserTcuppe (3115 ft. : view), the highest summit of the group.
At the foot of the Wasserkuppe lies the village of Abfsroda (2290 ft. ;
Hirsch;. whence we may return to (8 M.) Gersfeld by the road via Sieblos,
Trdnkhof. and Poppe/ihausen. To the S. of Gersfeld rises the (3 M.)
Grosse Xallen (2630 ft.). Hence we may visit the picturesque Otter-
stehie and the Da aimers f eld (3045 ft.) by way of the Ziegel-Hutte and
Romniers, returning either to the E. by the Eierhatick , Kippelhach,
Bengersfeld. and Sparbrod, in 2^U hrs., or to the W. bj^ (2 M.) Dalherda
(inn) to (4M.) Schrnabmii (inn), on the road from Fulda to Gersfeld. —
A diligence plies once daily from Gersfeld to (7 M.) Bischofsheim
(Rhonlust- Adler; Loicej, whence the ascent of the "^Kreiizberg (3060 ft.)
may be made in 1^/^-2 hrs. Railway from Bischofsheim to Netistadt-an-
der- Saale. see p. 284.
From Fclda to Ta:^^. 251/2 ^y railway (I1/2-2 hrs.) in the valley of
the Bieber, affording another access to the Rhon district. From the
station of (11 M.) Milseburg (Inn, R. I1/2-2V2? D- IV'2 ^) '^^e may visit
the "^Milseburg (2730 ft.) and the curious rock-formatio'ns of the Teufels-
stein (2380 ft.; and the Steinwojid (2120 ft.). — 20 M. Hilders (1510 ft. ;
Engel. R. & B. I1/2-2, D. I-I1/2 J^). an ancient village on the Ulster, at
the base of the wooded Auersberg (2480 ft.). From Hilders to Kalten-
Xordheim and Salzungen. see p. 283. — 251/2 M. Tann (1250 ft. ; Munzel),
with 1100 inhab. and three chateaux, lies 8 M. to the W. of Kalten-
Xordheim (p. 319).
The Road from Hilders to Bischofsheim, 14 M., leads through the
centre of the Hohe Rhon, via (51/2 M.) Wiistensaehsen (Leist).
From Fulda to Giessen, see p. 337.
102 M. Elm is the junction of a branch-line to (29 M.) Gemunden
(see Baedeker's Southern Germany),
to Frankfort. GELNHAUSEN. 52. Route. 341
The train descends to the valley of the Kinzig. Ill M. Steinau,
a small town (pop. 2200) with a Sehloss of the 16th century. On
the right appears the well-preserved ruin of Stolzenburg, situated
on a wooded height above the small town of JSoden, V/2 M. to the
X. of (115 M.) ISalmilnster.
126 M. Gelnhausen (430 ft.; Kur-Hotel; Deutsches Haus,
R. 172-^7 D- IV4 ^/ Bail. Restaurant^ B. 1^^ tx#), once a town
of the empire, with 4800 inhab. and extensive remains of its old
walls, is situated on a red soil, which contrasts picturesquely with
the green vineyards. On an island in the Kinzig, in the lower part
of the town, ^'2 M. from the station, are the ruins of an "^Imperial
Palace, built by Frederick Barbarossa ca. 1170 and destroyed by
the Swedes in the Thirty Years' War (1635; key at Burg-Str. 18).
On passing through the gate (with the ruined chapel over it), we
see to the left the ivy-clad remains of the palace proper, with a
few traces of the fine sculpture which adorned it. The arches of
the windows rest on clustered columns with beautiful capitals.
The handsome and richly -decorated '^Pfarr-Kirche (sexton,
Untermarkt 10), erected in the transition style in the beginning of
the 13th cent., was skilfully restored in 1876-79. It contains an
interesting earlj^-Gothic screen, late-Gothic choir-stalls, stained-
glass windows of the 13th cent., fine capitals, and some old tapestry
(N. aisle). — A monument to Philip Reis (d. 1874), inventor of the
first form of the telephone (1860), was erected in 1885 at Gelnhausen,
of which he was a native. Adjacent is the so-called Romanesque
Rathaus, a building of about 1190, brought to light in 1881.
From G-elnhausen to Giessen, see p. 337.
Beyond Gelnhausen the country is flat. The line intersects the
Lamboiwald, where in Oct., 1813, Napoleon with 80,000 men on
his retreat from Leipzig defeated 40,000 Bavarians under Wrede,
who had endeavoured to intercept the fugitives. Gross- Steinheim
is visible on the opposite bank of the Main.
139 M. Hanau (""Acller,^. 21/2-5, D. 2^2 -/^; Riese; Post),
an industrial town with 31,600 inhab., near the confluence of the
Kinzig and Main, lies in the most fertile district of the Wetterau.
The quaint Altstadt contains the former Rathavs. The more modern
part of the town was founded in i597 by Protestant exiles from the
Netherlands to whom an asylum at Frankfort was denied. Their
industries, the manufacture of gold and silver wares and diamond-
cutting, still flourish here. Hanau was the birthplace of the cel-
ebrated philologists Jacob (1785-1863) and Wilhelm (1786-1859)
Grimm, to whom a monument, by Eberle, was erected in 1896. —
On the Main, near the town, are situated the Wilhelmsbad (Kur-
haus), with a fine park, and the chateau of Philippsruhe, with
extensive orangeries, the property of the Landgrave of Hesse.
The train crosses the Main. 143 M. Miihlheim.
342 P^ouie o2. OFFEXBACH.
147 X Offenbach f Kaiser Fried rich : Stadt Cassel), with
60.000 iiiliab.. a pleasant and busy town, owes its prosperity to
French refugees in the 17-18th centuries. The chateau of Prince
Isenburg, built in 1572. has a noteworthy facade. (See Baedeker's
Southern Germany.)
At (150 M.) Sachsenhausen the train again crosses the Main
and soon enters the ^s^. or Central Station at —
153 M. Frankfort see Baedeker's Ehine),
1
IV. NORTH-EASTERN GERMANY.
Route Page
53. From Berlin to Danzig vifi Stettin 344
From Ebcrswaldo to Frankfort on the Oder .... 344
From Stettin to Reppen. — From Altdamm to Kolberg 347
From Belgard to Kolberg 347
From Stolp to Neu-Stettin 348
54. From Stettin to Heringsdorf, Swinemiinde, and
Misdroy 348
a. From Stettin to Heringsdorf by Steamer 348
b. From Stettin to Swinemiinde and Heringsdorf by
Railway 349
From Carnin to Zinnowitz. Koserow 349
c. From Stettin to Swinemiinde via Misdroy .... 350
55. From Berlin to Danzig via Dirschau 351
From Ciistrin to Stargard 351
Environs of Danzig 357
56. From Berlin to Thorn (Warsaw) 358
From Thorn to Insterburg and to Marienburg . . . 360
57. From Dirschau (Berlin) to Konigsberg and Eydt-
kuhnen (St. Petersburg) 360
From Elbing to Braiinsberg. Frauenburg 362
Samland. From Konigsberg to Pillau, to Neukuhren,
and to Warnicken 367, 368
From Insterburg to Lyck and to Memel 368
58. From Berlin to Frankfort on the Oder and Posen. . 368
From Reppen to Breslau via Glogau 370
From Posen to Thorn . . - 372
From Posen to Breslau 373
59. From Berlin to Breslau via Frankfort on the Oder
and Sagan or Kohlfurt 373
From Guben to Bentschen (Posen) 373
60. Breslau 374
Environs of Breslau. The Zobten 381
61. From Berlin to Grorlitz and Zittau 381
The Spreewald. Muskau 382
From Zittau to the Oybin. Hochwald. Lausche . 385, 386
62. From Gorlitz to Glatz 386
Friedeberg. Flinsberg. Iser-Grebirge. Lowenberg . 386
From Ruhbank to Liebau 387
63. The Giant Mountains 388
a. From Hirschberg to Schreiberhau and Griintal . 389
b. From Hirschberg to Schmiedeberg and Krunim-
hiibel 392
c. The Hochgebirge. Schneekoppe 394
d. Rocks of Adersbach and Weckelsdorf 398
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 22
Roufe 53. EBERSWALDE.
Route Page
64. From Breslau to Dresden 399
From Lobau to Zittau. Herrnhut. The Czorneboh 399
From Bischofswerda to Zittau. — From Arnsdorf to
Liibbenau. Kamenz . . .... 400
65. From Bresslau to Halbstadt fChotzen) via Salzbrunn 401
Scliloss Fiirstenstein. — From Xiedersalzbrunn to
Dittersbach 401
Zeisburg. Sattelwald. Grorbersdorf. — From Halb-
stadt to Braunau and Mittelsteine 402
From Mittelsteiue to Xachod via Wiinschelburg and
the Heuscheuer 403
66. From Breslati to Glatz and Mittelwalde 403
The aiatzer Gebirge 404
From Glatz to Kudowa. Bad Reinerz 405
67. From Liegnitz to Konigszelt, Xeisse, and Kandrzin . 406
Bolkenhain. Environs of Schweidnitz 406
Eulen-Gebirge. Silberberg 407
68. From Breslau to Oderberg 'Vienna) and to Cracow . 408
69. From Breslan to Kattowitz via Oels 410
53. From Berlin to Danzig via Stettin.
313 M. Railway (express) in 8V2 hrs. (fares 38.^ 30, 21JC 20, lf> JC
40 pf.): to Stettin, 84 M.. in 2-3 hrs. (express fares 11 J^ 30, 1 JC 50,
4 ^ 70 pf . ; ordinary fares 10 JC 30, % JC 50, 4 ^ 20 pf .). — From Berlin
to Danzig via Dirschau, see R. 55.
Berlin (Stettin Station), see p. 1. — 14^2 ^- Bernau (Kaiser-
hof), with 9500 inhab., was gallantly defended by its inhabitants
against the Hussites in 1432. Armour, said to have been captured
on that occasion, and other antiquities are shown in the mediaeval
tower of the Konigs-Tor I'adm. 50 pf.).
'2^ M. Ebers^valde iDeutsches Ham, R. 2-3, D. 2 1^ ; Pinnow ;
Rail. Restaurantj^ a busy town with 23,800 inhab., on the Finow
Canal, is the seat of a school of forestry.
A branch-line runs hence via Werbellinsee and Lychen to (48V2 M.)
Filrstenherg (p. 162).
From Eberswajlde to Frajtkfort ox the Oder, 53 M., railway in
2V2 hrs. — 12 M. Freiemcalde ^Brunnen-Hotel ; Schertz, R. 2-3^. well
spoken of), with 8300 inhab. and chalvbeate springs, is situated in one
of the pleasantest parts of the Mark of Brandenburg. — I81/.2 M. "Wriezen
(pop. 7300 ; Kronprinz von Preussen), a small town on the Alte Oder. —
53 M. Frankfort on the Oder, see p. 369.
Beyond Eberswalde the Finow Canal is crossed. — Xear (36 M.)
Chorin are the ruins of a Cistercian monastery (13th cent.), the
*Church of which is in the purest early-Grothic style. — We skirt
the Paarsteiner-See.
45 M. Angermiinde (Di^ei Kronen, R. 2-2 1 2 ^^ ; Rail. Re-
staurantj, an ancient town of 7600 inhab., with a Gothic church of
the 14-15th centuries. — From Angermiinde to Stralsund, see K. 26b.
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STETTIN. 53. lioute. 345
A branch-line runs hence to (54 M.) Frankfort via (12 M.) Freien-
walde (p. 344).
The line traverses the valleys of the Randow and Welse^ and
the Pommerensdorfer Wiesengruud. — 62 M. Casekow.
84 M. Stettin. — The Railway Station (PI. B, 7) is on the S. side
of the inner town. Cab-tickets are distributed as at Berlin (p. 1).
Hotels. *H6tel de Prusse (PI. a; C, 5), Luisen-Str. 10, R. 3-6, B. IV4,
D. 21/2-5.^; Hot. Metropole {V\. b; C, 6), Heiligc-Geist-Str. 7 b, R. 2-5, B.
1, D. 11/2-2 Jt; Europdischer Hof (PL c; B, 5), Grosse WoUweber-Str. 46,
R. 2-31/2, B. 1, D. 11/2-21/2 -^; Detdsches Haiis (PI. d; C, 5), Breitc-Str. 58.
R. 21/4-3, B. 3/^, D. 11/2-21/2 JC; Norddeutscher Hof (PI. f ; C, 5), Grosse
Dom-Str. 13 ; Bode' 8 (PI. e ; C, 6), Konigs-Str. 8 ; Victoria (PI. h ; B, 6),
R. 2-31/2, B. 1, D. 11/4-13/4 JC, well spoken of; Gutke (PL g; C, 6).
Restaurants. Wine. *H6tel de Prusse, see above ; ^Rildesheiiner,
Konigs-Platz la (PL C, 4, 5) ; ^Kettner, Breite-Str. 13 (PL C, 5, 6), D. 11/2^;
Rebstock, Breite-Str. 61 ; Traube, Parade-Platz 24 (PL B, C, 5), D. 11/2^^. —
Beer. Zum Luftdichten, Hackerbrdu, Konigs-Platz (PL C, 5); Ratskeller,
in the New Rathaus (p. 346); Kaiser Wilhelm; Norddeutscher Hof. —
Automatic Restaurant, Breite-Str. 45.
Cafes. Roland, Monopol, Konigs-Platz ; Kaiserkrone, Bismarck-Str.ll.
Theatres. Stadt - Theater (PL C, 5), closed in summer; Bellevue
(PL A, 8). — Central-Hallen (Pi. B, 4), with circus, Bismarck-Str. 12.
Electric Tramways from Neu-Westend (bey. PL A, 1) to the Frei-
hafen (PL E, F, 6) ; from the Allee-Str. (bey. PL A, 3) to the Konigs-Platz
(PL C, 4, 5) and Bollwerk (PL D, E, 5); from the Arndt-Platz (PL A, 3)
to the Tiergar'ten (bey. PL A, 8); from Bellevue (PL A, 8) to Frauendorf
(bey. PL F, 2); from the Railivay Station (PL B, 7) to the Grenz-Str.
(PL C, 1) and to the Johannis-Tal (bey. PL B, 1); from the Berliner Tor
(PL B, 5) to the Cemetery (bey. PL A, 4).
Taximeter Cabs. For 1-2 pers., 800 metres 50 pf., each 400 m. more
10 pf., 3-5 pers., 600 m. and 300 m. ; at night (11 to 6 or 7), 1-5 pers.,
400 m. and 200 m.
Steamboats (landing-place, PL E, 5). To Rilgen, see p. 166 ; to Sivine-
iniinde , Heringsdorf, Misdroy , Wollin, Cammin , 3iJia Dievenoiv , see
pp. 348, 350 ; to Copenhagen, several times weekly. — Motor Boats from
the Baum-Briicke (PL D, 6) to the Freihafen (return-fare 30 pf.) and to
Waldow's Hof.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL C, 6), Griine Schanze 20.
Baths, Schweizerhof 2 and Rosengarten 68. Swimming Baths:
Schivimmbad (PL C, 5) , Rossmarkt 15 ; InfantefHe Schwimm-Anstalt
(PL B, 8), Silberwiese.
Consuls. British consul, Ralph Ber^ial; vice-consul, Jas. Stevenson. —
American consul, W'm. C. Teichmann; vice «& deputy consul, Henry
Harder. — Lloyd's Agent, Gustav Metzler.
Chief Attractions (3 hrs.). Rathaus-PLitz, Parade-Platz, Konigs-
Platz, Palace, Haken Terrace. — The steamer-trip to Gotzlow (p. 349)
is recommended.
Stettin., the capital of the Province of Pomerania, and the head-
quarters of the 2nd Army Corps, with 225,000 inhab., including
a garrison of 5000 soldiers, originally belonged to the Dukes of
Pomerania, who became extinct in 1637, then to Sweden from 1648
to 1720, and has since been Prussian. It is a commercial and
manufacturing town of great importance, situated on both banks of
the Oder., the principal part being on the left bank (Altstadt, Neu-
stadt., and newer suburbs), while on the right bank lie the quarters
which were formerly the suburbs of Lastadie and Silberwiese.
22*
346 ^oMfe 53. STETTiy. ^rom Berlin
The Oder at Stettin is sufficiently deep (23 ft.) for vessels of sub-
stantial size, and the town possesses a considerable fleet of sea-going
craft and river-steamboats. The chief exports are sugar, corn, lumber,
cement, and spirits ; the chief imports coal, iron ore. petroleum, paving-
stones. French wines, and herrings, Stettin is also the most important
manufacturing place in Pomerania. the staple products being sugar,
ships, cement, spirits, machines, and fire-proof bricks. On the right
bank of the Oder is the Free Harbour (PI. E, F. 6), 150 acres in extent,
constructed in 1893-98 (motor-boat, see p. 3451.
A little to the X.E. of the railwa5'-station is the Post Office
<P1. C, 6-, opposite which stands the Xew JRathaus (PL B, 6).
Between the two is a Monumental Fountain^ by L. Manzel, in
copper (^^1898', — In the Elisabeth-Str. are the Picture Gallery
(No. 48 : PL B, 6j, containing modern paintings (Sun. & Wed., 10-2 ),
and the Dohrn Collection of Casts fy-om the Antique (No. 51;
Thurs. & Sun., 11-1; entr. from the Schul-Str.). In Linden-Str.
fSo. 22) is the Pomeranian Museum (PL B, 6), with objects of
natural history (Sun., 10-1, & Wed., 2-5).
In the Pabade-Platz (PL B, C, 5) are the Guard House^ the
Provincial Office^ and the Berdiner-Tor^ which (like the Konigs-
2'or, PL C 5), is a handsome baroque structure of the time of
Fred. William I. (1725 1. Outside the Berliner- Tor is another
Monumental Fountain, and between the Parade-Platz and the
Konigs-Platz rises an Equestrian Statue of Emjp. William I.
(PL C, 4), by Hilgers. The Koxigs-Platz (PL C, 4, 5) is further
adorned with a copy in bronze of a Statue of Frederick the Great
by Schadow, erected in 1794. The original, an admirable work in
marble, is in the Landschaftshaus (PL C, 5i. In front of the
Theatre (PL C, 5) stands a marble Statue of Frederick Wil-
liam III.^ by Drake. — Hard by is the Church of SS. Peter &
Paul (PL D. 5 1, built in the beginning of the 15th cent., but with a
modern facade. — The Haken Terrace (PL D, E, 4, 5) commands
a good view of the harbour and the Oder valley.
The ScHLoss (PL D. 5; entr. in the Pelzer-Str.) was begun in
1503, the N. and W. wings were completed in 1577, and the build-
ing was altered in the 18th cent, and 1874. It was formerly the
seat of the Dukes of Pomerania, and is now occupied by courts of
justice. The clock -tower contains the Museum of Antiquities
(open in summer on Sun., 11-1, and Wed., 3-5; at other times on
application). The dial of the clock represents a human face which
moves. The church contains the burial-vault of the dukes. View
from the tower.
The oldest part of the Church of St. James (PL C. 5, 6) dates
from the 13th cent.; the exterior and a chapel of 1500 were
restored in 1897, the interior in 1903 (sexton, Jakobi-Kirch-
hof 2k The fine pulpit dates from 1690. — In front of the
church is a statue of Karl Lowe, the composer (d. 1869), by
Glumer (1898).
to Danzig. STARGAED. .^3. Route. 347
From Stettin to Reppen, 82 M., railway in 2V2-4. hr.s. — 13 V2 M.
Greifenhagen, junction for (20 M.) Pyritz. — 34 M. Konigsberg in
der Neumark (Deutachcs Haas), with 6100 inhab., is .surrounded by
a low brick wail and contains numerous interesting old brick edifices.
St. Marifii Church is a late-Gotliic edifice, with an interestinfi^ X, portal
and a modern tower. The Rathaus, with a fine E. gable (late llth cent.),
the Augustine Convent (14th cent.), the Schwedter-Tor (15th cent.), and
the Bernickower- Tor (15th cent.) may be mentioned also. — 62 M. Cilstrin,
see p. 351. — 82 M. Reppen (p. 370).
CoxTixuATiON OF RAILWAY FROM Berlix TO Daxzig. Oil quit-
ting Stettin the train crosses the valley of the Oder (3^2 M- wide)
and then, near (87Y2 ^0 Finkemvalde^ the Beglitz^ an arm of the
Oder. — 90 M. Altdamm (Karow ; pop. 6900), on the DammscheSee.
From Altdamm to Kolberg, 76 M., railway in 4-5 hrs. — From
(14 M.) Gollnow (Schmidt; 9200 inhab.), on the Ihna, a branch diverges
for Misdroy and Swinemunde (see p. 350). — 28V2 ^' Naugard; 351/2 M.
Fiepenburg (junction for Regenwalde). — 49 M. Greifenberg (Lipkc),
junction for the sea-bathing resorts of i?eit'a7i? and i/brsi. 61 M. Treptow
(Deutsches Haus;, with 7800 inhab., on the Rega (junction for Cammin,
p. 350) ; 69 M. Papenhagen, for the bathing-place Kolberger Deej). —
76 M. Kolberg, see below.
Beyond (98 M.) Carolinenhorst the train passes near the
Madu-See (I21/2 M. long and 1^/4 M. broad), the largest lake in
Pomerania (not visible from the railway); it is famous for its
lampreys.
106 M. Stargard (Prinz von Preussen., Post-Str., very fair;
Hotel du Nord, in the Markt, at these R. 2-2 ^/g, D. 2 c^; Bahn-
hofs-Hotel)., on the Ihna^ with 26,900 inhab., was formerly sur-
rounded by a wall, of which the handsome towers and gateways
are now almost the sole remains. The Grothic Church of St. Mary.,
of the 14-15th cent., has two unfinished towers. The Rathaus^ of
the 16th cent., deserves notice.
A railway runs from Stargard, via Arnsivalde (9100 inhab.), with a
Gothic church of the 14th cent., and Kreuz (p. 352), to (107 M.) Posen
(p. 370) in 3-6 hrs.; and another, \m Deutsch-Kro7ie to (85 M.) Schneide-
muhl (p. 352), in about 5 hrs. — From Stargard to Cust7'in, see ]). 351.
From (134 M.) Ruhnow a railway (92 M., in 5 hrs.) runs to
Konitz (p. 352), via NeuStettin (Keun; Bahnhofs- Hotel), a com-
mercial town with 10,800 inhabitants. 154 M. Schivelbein (Col-
latz; 7200 inhab.), junction of a line to (35 M.) Grainenz (see
p. 348). — 175 M. Belgard (pop. 8600; Hotel Remus).
From Belgard to Kolberg, 221/2 M., railway in ^4 hr. — Kolberg
(Hotel de Prusse, R. 2-2i/.>, B. ^^JC: HohenzoUern : Kaiserhof: Bahnhofs-
Hotel, R. 2-21/2. E>- IV2 -^; Lloyd's agent, E. Reinholz), a town of 24,000
inhab., lies on the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Pcrsante. It was
formerly a fortress of great strength, and successfully resisted attack
during tlie Seven Years' War and in the war of 1806-7. The Rathaus,
in front of which stands a bronze statue of Fred. William III. by Drake,
was built by Zwirner. St. Marifs Cathedral (open 10-1, adm. 30 pf. ;
sacristan, Schmiede-Str. 38), a vast Gothic pile with nave and double
aisles, was built in 1280-1320 and enlarged in tlie second half of the
1 ttli century. On the main portal is a fine bronze ring of the 14th cen-
tury. Inside are an elaborate screen, Gotliic choir-stalls, and a carved
348 liouie 58. STOLP.
chandelier of 1523. It also contains an old candelabrum, figures of the
Apostles of 1327, carved wood-work of 1523, and other interesting antiqu-
ities. A monument, by (j. Meyer, to G-neisenau and Xettelbeck . the
valiant defenders of the town in 1806. was erected in 1903 in front of
the church. — The station lies to the X., between the town and its
marine suburb of Kolberger-Mtinde (Strand-Schloss. R. 3-10, D. 31/0.
pens. 8-10 ^€ : MonopoL R. 3-8, pens. 8-13 JC ; Stratul^ Hotel . R. from 2JC:
Xeties Gegellschaftshaus : Believiie : Mundej, which is rapidly growing
in popularity as a sea-bathing resort (16,000 visitors ; visitors' tax 5-AOJC).
A railway also runs from Belgard to (142 M. ; 8 hrs.) Posen (p. 370)
via Gramenz [t^. 347}. Xeu-Stettin (p. 347), and Schncidemuhl (p. 352).
190 M. Koslin (Deutsclies Haas ; Schuhmacher)^ a district-
town with 21,500 inhabitants. In the market-place is a statne of
Fred. TTilliam I. (^1724). The Gothic Marien-Kirche is of the
14th century. A branch-line rnns from Koslin to (26 M.) Kolherg
(p. 347). — 213 M. Schlawe iTrahlow), on the Wipper^ with
6200 inhab. and a Gothic church (14th cent.), is the junction for
lines to (12 M.) JRugenwalde (Ebert's Hotel; Lloyd's agent,
J. F. Prochnow) and to (98 M.) Hohenstein (p. 352) via Zollbriick
see below).
231 31. Stolp Frauziskaner ; Mund's, R. 2-3, D. 2 cJl), with
31,200 inhab., lies on the Stolpe^ which reaches the sea at Stolp-
riiunde (10 M. by rail: Lloyd's agent, C. E. Geiss). St. Mary^s
Church (14th cent. 1 contains a carved pnlpit of 1609. In the market-
place is a bronze statue of Blticher, by K. von Uechtritz (1908;.
From Stolp to Xeu-Stettix. 65 M.. railwav in 31/2 tirs. — 131/2 M.
Zollbriick (see ahove). — About 21/2 M. to the S.W. of (18 M.) Hammer-
muhle lies Varzin (inn), an estate of the late Prince Bismarck. — 37 M.
Eummelsburg (Schegner ; 5700 inhab.), — 65 M. Xeu-Stettia, see p. 347.
262^2 M. Lauenhurg. with 12,500 inhab., is the junction of a
branch to (20 M.) the sea-bathing place of Leha. — Xear the
Oxhofter Spitze 'p. 358) the line reaches the Bav of Danzig. —
304 M. Zoppot ('see p. 358): 307 M. Olwa (see p. 358).
313 M. Danzig^ see p. 352.
54. From Stettin to Heringsdorf, Swine-
miinde, and Misdroy.
a. From Stettin to Heringsdorf by Steamer.
Steamer (preferable to the railway) to (4 hrs.) Heringsdorf (fares
3 .4( 70. 2^5 pf . ; return-ticket 5 JC 90. 2,'JC 10 pf .), touching at Swinemuude
(fares 3 JC 20, i JC 55 pf. : return-ticket 4. JC 10.' 2 JC 60 pf.) and going on
to Sassnitz in Riigen (p. 166).
Sfeffin, see p. 345. Immediately after leaving the Bollwerk
'PI. D, E, 5), where the steamers berth, we obtain a fine view of
the busy town. To the left lies the village of Bredow^ containing
the extensive workshops of the Vnlcan Shipbuilding Company.
Then ZuUchow (1.), with several large factories. Frauendorf,
SWINEMtNDE. 54. Route. 349
with the Elisenhohe Restaurant., is visible among the trees on the
slope to the left. Gotzlow., with the wood-clad Julo^ is a fav-
ourite popular resort. Glienken and Kratzwieck have iron-works.
The boat next passes the outlet of the Dammsche See (to the left
the small town of Politz, pop. 4400), and enters the broader
Papenwasser, where the little town of Gross- Stepenitz is seen
on the right and Jasenitz on the left. — Two hours after starting,
at the artificial island of Leitholm^ the steamer reaches the
Stettiner Haff., a fresh-water basin 62 M. in circumference, from
which the Oder empties itself into the Baltic by means of three
channels, the Peene (W.), the Swine., and the Dievenow (E.), thus
forming the two large islands of Usedom and Wollin. The long
windings of the Swine are avoided by means of the Kaiserfahrt.,
a canal which is deep enough for the passage of the largest ships.
To the right in the distance rise the wooded Lebhiner Berge. In
3 hrs. from Stettin we reach Swinemilnde (see below). — On emerg-
ing from the Swine into the Pommersche Bucht, the steamer steers
to the W., and in 35 niin. more reaches Heringsdorf (p. 350).
b. From Stettin to Swinemiinde and Heringsdorf by-
Railway.
73 M. Railway in 21/2-4: hrs. (fares 'd JC 20, o JC SO, '& JC 70 pf. ; express
fares 10 c^ 20, 6 ^ 80, 4 ^ 20 pf.).
From Stettin to (26 M.) Pasewalk, see p. 155 ; thence to (45 M.)
Ducherow^ see p. 163. — The train crosses the Peene, the W.
mouth of the Oder, and enters the island of Usedom. — 52 M.
Carnin.
From Carnin a steamer plies once or twice daily in 2 hrs. (fare 23/^ J^)
to Zinnowitz (Schivabe, R. from 3, D. 2i/2-3 J^; Belvedere, R. 2-4, D.
from IVa «^/ Glienherg Hotel), a seaside-resort in the island of Usedom
(8000 visitors ; bath 35 pf., visitors' tax 4-16 c^), in picturesque surround-
ings. — About 41/2 M. to the E. is the smaller bathing-resort of Koseroio
(Seeblick; Seeadler; visitors' tax 2-5 Ji).
About 3 M. to the N.W. of (61 M.) Dargen is the chateau of
Mellenthin (1575-96; shown on Tues. & Frid).
68 M. Swinemiinde-Stadt. — Hotels. Hotel de Prusse, R. 2-4,
B. IJC: Di-ei Kronen ; Deutsches Haus, R. 2-5, D. 11/2-2 1^. — Restaurants.
Gesellschaftshaus, Weber (D. IV2 -<^), Treptotv.
British Vice-Consul, Edward Rose; U. S. Consular Agent, W. Poten-
herg. — Lloyd's Agent, G. Metzler. — Post Office, in the market-place.
— Taximeter Cabs, 1-2 pers. 60 pf. per 800 metres, 10 pf. for each 400m
additional (double fares at night; 1-4 pers.).
Swinemilnde, with 13,700 inhab., situated in the island of
Usedom, 1^2 ^- above the mouth of the Swine, was founded in
1740 and is now the foreport of Stettin. There are bronze statues
of Enip. William I., by Calandrelli (1895), in the Rathaus-Platz,
and of Emp. Frederick III., by Herter (1908), in the G-rotten-Platz.
At the mouth of the Swine, which is protected by fortifications,
350 ^oute 54. HERIXGSDORF.
are two massive breakwaters, ^4-1 M. in length, forming the en-
trance to the harbour. Bathing-beach, see below.
From Swinemiinde to Stettin via Misdroy, see below.
69 M. SwinemUIlde-Bad.. — Hotels. Kwhaus, E. 3-8, D. IVa-^Va^
pens. 7-10 JC: Victoria, R. from 2. D. from I1/9, pens, from & JC : See stern ;
Walfisch : Park, R. li/.2-4.4(. — Motor Boat to Ahlbeck (40 pf.}, Herings-
dorf (50 pf.). and Bansin 60 pf.). — Visitors' Tax, 3-25 JC. Bath 40 pf .
The watering-place of Swinemiinde (17.000 visitors), with a fine
sandy beach, is separated from the town by a fine w^ood ('Plantage').
The railway skirts the coast, though the sea is not visible.
12 M. Ahlbeck. — Hotels. Ahlhecker Hof ; Seeblick, pens, from
6^*; Strand Hotel : Ostende ; Wendicke (Kurhaus), these five on or near
the beach; Heyn : Lindenhof. — Visitors' Tax 6-15 JC. Bath 35 pf.
Ahlhecl', a fishing -village surrounded by pine-forests, is fre-
quented as a sea-bathing resort (16,000 visitors). Lodgings are
cheaper here than at Heriugsdorf. The beach is sandy.
73 M. Heringsdorf. — Hotels. *Kurhaus, R. 3-16, D. ^.^j^JC;
*Lindemann, R. from 2^.,, D- ^^^-^V^ '-^Z Seeschloss, a hotel garni, R. 3-8,
B. 1 JC; Strand Hotel, pens, from 7 ^4 : Vogel : Minerva, near the station,
R. 21/2-4 c^; Schmidt's: SchlossJiauer : Vineta: Czuwalki's. — Numerous
Pensions. Lodgings for July and Aug., 250-700 JC (cheaper before and
after,. — Restaurants. Strand-Casino, I). 2-31/2 ^^; another at the Kaiser
Wilhelm Pier: Treptoic. — Post & Telegraph Office, Kaiser-Str. 8. —
Visitors" Tax for two weeks (2 davs free; 5. familv 20 JC. for the season
10 & 40 .^. Bath (7-2 & 4-7 p.m.;.*20 pf.-l '^€.
Heringsdorf\ charmingly situated in the midst of beech-woods,
is the most fashionable and the most expensive of the Baltic sea-
bathing places (15,500 visitors annually). The beach, the long
Kaiser Wilhelm Piet^ (10 pf.), and the adjacent wooded heights
aftord pleasant walks.
At the foot of the Langenberg, 2 M. to the X.W., is the smaller and
cheaper seaside -resort of Bansin 'Hotel am MeeresstramJe , pens. 6V2-
10 t^ ; Kurhaus : Seeschloss : boarding-houses; visitors' tax i-AJC: motor-
boat to Heriugsdorf 30 pf .;.
c. From Stettin to Swinemunde via Misdroy.
70 M. Railway in SVo-S hrs. (fares 8 c€ 60, 5 .* 20. 3 .^ 50 pf .) ; to
Misdroy in 23/^ hrs. (fares 1 JC60, -L JC 60 pf,, S JC). — A Steamer from
Stettin sails via the Papenwasser (p. 349), the Grosse Haff, and the
Vietziger-See to (21/2 hrs.) Laatzig (fare S JC 20 pf.jj whence an omnibus
(50 pf. ; carr. & pair 3 JC) plies to (l^U M.) Misdroy. Another plies to
(4 hrs.) Misdroy- SeehrUcke (3 JC 70 pf.) via Swinemiinde (3 JC 20 pf . ;
return-ticket A ^4C 70 pf.). — Steamer from Stettin to Cammin (51/0 hrs.),
ZJC: to Wollin (31/2 hrs.). 21/2.^; to Ost-Dievenoic (6 hrs.).
From Stettin via Altdamm to (20 M.) Gollnow, see p. 347. —
39 M. Wietstock.
A branch -line runs hence to (10^ 2 M.; Cammin (Meyen), a town
with 5900 inhab. and a 13th cent, cathedral, on the Camminer Bodden.
Steamer four times daily to the sea-bathing resort of (35 min.) Ost-
Dievenow (Kurhaus. pens'. 5-8 ..^ : Waldschlosschen), near which in Berg-
Dievenow (Frank ; Zicbell : Hot. du Xordj. — Bevond Cammin the railway
goes on to (35 M. from Wietstock) Treptoic (p.*347).
CUSTRIN. r^r>. Route. 351
Beyond (47 M.) Haden the train crosses the Dievenow. —
48Y2 M- Wolliii^ with 4600 inhab., is the ancient capital of the
island of WoUin.
59 M. Misdroy. — Hotels. On the beach : Kiirhaus d- Miramare,
R. 3-12, D. 21/2^^; Seeblick, D. from 21/2-^; Victoria; Strand-Hotel. —
In the village: Feterson^s, U. 2-4, pens. 6 t^; Misdroyer Hof ; DetitscJies
Hatis, pens. i>j.^-QJC; Unter den Linden, pens. 6-6 J^; Deutnches lieich ;
Herzberg. — Lodgings 200-800 c^. — Restaurants. Kaisei'halle; Trep-
tow; Cecil; Bier-Convent. — Post Office, Eiehen-Str. 11. ~ Visitors'
Tax (after 3 days), 6 JC. Bath 40 pf.-l JC.
Misdroy, a well-organized bathing-place (14,000 visitors annu-
ally), is pleasantly situated in front of wooded heights on the N. W.
coast of the island of Wollin. Numerous pretty walks may be taken
in the environs.
The train goes on to (67^2 M.) Ost-Swine, whence it is carried
across the Swine by a ferry to (70 M.) Swinemilnde (p. 349).
55. Prom Berlin to Danzig via Dirschau.
285 M. Railway in 8-12 hrs. (fares 36 JC 30, 22 JC 20, 14 JC 40 pf. ;
express, 38 ^^ 30, 24 JC 20, 15 JC 40 pf .). Sleeping Carriages for Dirschau
are attached to the trains. — From Berlin to Danzig via Stettin, see R. 53.
Berlin^ see p. 1. — At (IO72 ^^0 Hoppegarten race-meetings
are held in spring and autumn. — 15 M. Fredersdorf {^mwcHow for
Rudersdorf). — 42^2 M- Werbig, the junction of the line from
Frankfort on the Oder to Eberswalde (p. 344). The train crosses
the Oder.
52 M. Custrin (Victoria; Krappe, R. IV2-2V2, D. Vj^ Ji) is
a strongly fortified town with 17,400 inhab., at the confluence of
the Warthe and Oder. There are two stations: Custrin- Neustadt
and CUstrin-Altstadt. Frederick the Great, when crown -prince,
was once imprisoned by his stern father in the castle here ; and on
the ramparts, in view of the room where he was confined, his friend
Lieut, von Katte, who was to have accompanied Frederick in his
intended flight to England, was beheaded on 6th Nov., 1730. Mon-
uments to Markgrave John of Custrin (d. 1571), by Schaper, and to
the Great Elector, by Janensch, w^ere erected here in 1903.
From Custrin -Neustadt to Stargard, 61 M., railway in 4 hrs. —
57-2 M. Walkersdorf- Zorndorf. At Zorndorf Frederick the Great and
Seydlitz with 30,000 Prussians defeated 50,000 Russians under Fermor in
1758. — 451/2 M. Pyritz (Prehn), an ancient walled town, with picturesque
gates. — 61 M. Stargard, see p. 347.
From Ciistrin to (20 M.) FranTcfort on the Oder, railway in 1 hr. ; to
Stettin and to Reppen (Breslau), see p. 347.
The line crosses the Oder and the navigable Warthe.
801 2 M. Landsberg (Vater ;^ Krone, R. 1^1^-4.^; Bail Be-
staurant), with 37,000 inhab., is picturesquely situated on the
Warthe.
352 ^oute 55. DAXZia.
At (11 71 2 '^•) Kreuz (Rail. Restaurant) the lines to Stettin
and Posen diverge (see p. 347).
1541/2 M. Schneidemuhl (Goldener Lowe: Kaiserhof), a
town with 21.600 inhab., is the junction for branch-lines to Posen,
to Belgard (p. 347), to Stargard (p. 347), and to Thorn and Inster-
hurg (see R. 56).
204 M. Konitz (Railway Hotel, R. l^i^-2, D. 1% Jl), with
10,900 inhab.. is the junction of lines to Ruhnow (p. 347), Las-
kowitz (p. 360), and Xakel (p. 358). — 249 M. Preussisch-
Stargard.
267 M. Dirschau (Kronprinz; Central: Raihvay Restau-
rant)j -a town of 14,200 inhabitants. Railway to Bromherg, see
p. 359; to Konigsberg, see R. 57. — 272 M. Hohenstein : branch-
line to Schlawe, see p. 348. — From (278 M.) Praust a branch-line
runs in 2^ ^ ^i'^- ^^^ (-^ ^^-^ Karthaus (pop. 3250; Haase), with a
Gothic abbey-church, to (46 ^I.) Berent.
285 M. Danzig. — Hotels. "^Danziger Hof (PI. k ; B, 4), Dominiks-
Wall 6. with railway and luggas:e office, R. from 3, B. IV4, D. (1.30 p.m.)
21/0-3 J: ^Beichshof (PI. h: B. 3). opposite the Central Station. R. from
21/0, D. 11/2-21/4 ^.- Continental (PL d : B. 3). opposite the Central Station,
R."2i/.,-4, D. 2 (in restaurant li/.>) J^ : Deutscher Hof (PI. b; B, 2), Stadt-
graben 11. R. 2-3. D. I1/4-2 .4: Englisches Bans (PI. a; C, 5). — Monopol
(PI. g: B, 5). R. 21/2-4. D. 13/^ JC, well spoken of: Zum Stern. Heu-Markt 4
(PI. A, 4), E. 11 '2-2, D. 11/4 c^,' plain. — In Langfuhr : Beichsadler.
RESTAURA^fTs. Wine. Ratskeller. in the Artushof (PI. C, 5), D. 2 J^ ;
Deutsches Winze rhaus , Dominiks- Wall 9. D. 11/2..^; Ay eke , Hunde-
gasse 127, good cuisine: Plotkin , Lange-Markt 28 (luncheon-rooms). —
Beer. Deutsches Hans. Holz-Markt 12, D. 11/2 1^: Englisches Haus, see
above : Bieherstein, Holz-Markt6. D. l^j^-JC : HohenzoUern . Lange-Marktll :
Automatic Restaurants. Langgasse 35, Lange-Markt 13, and Zuckergasse 3.
— Cafes. Deutsches Haus. see above ; Kaiser-Cafe. Dominiks-Wall ; Dn-
perial. Lange-Markt 13. — Coxfectioxers. Haueisen, Lange-Markt 12.
Theatres. Stadt- Theater (PI. B, 4). Kohlen-Markt, in winter only;
WiJhelm- Theater (PI. D. E. 6;. Langgarten 31, with vaudeville perfor-
mances. Music at the Schiitzenhaus (PL A. 3).
Taximeter Cabs. 1-2 pers. for 1000 metres 50 pf . , each 500 m.
additional 10 pf.. outside the city gates 750 m. 50 pf., each 375 m. addit.
10 pf. ; at night (11-7) 500 m. 50 pf., each 250 m. addit. 10 pf. ; each
addit. pers. 25 pf. : from railway station to the town 25 pf. extra; 55 lbs.
of luggage free.
Electric Tramways. From the Central Station (PL A. B, 2, 3) to
the Weidengasse (PL C. D. 6. 7 ; 20 min. : 10 pf.). to the Langgarter-
Tor (PL E. 5; 1/4 hr. : 10 pf.),' and to the Fisch-Markt (PL D, 3, 4) and
the Lenzgasse (PL C, 7 : 10 pf.) : from the Lange-Markt (PL C, 5) to Lang-
fuhr (25 min.: 20 pf .) ;' from the Heu-Markt (PL A. 4), to Ohra (V4 hr. ;
10 pf.); from the Kohlen-2Iarkt (PL B. 4) to Schidlitz (p. 358) and Emaus
(1/4 hr. : 10 pf.).
Steamboats. Comp. pp. 357, 358. — There is also regular communi-
cation with Elbing. Stettin, and other Baltic ports.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL B, 4), cor. of the Langgasse and
Postgasse.
Sea Baths. The most frequented are the Westerplatte (p. 357), Zoppot
(p. 358), Brosen (p. 357), and Weichselmunde (p. 357). Steamboats and rail-
ways, see p. 357. — Warm Baths. Luisenbad, TOpfergasse 19 (PL B. 3).
Amber. Zausmer, Langgasse 10, first floor (PL B, C, 4). and other.s. —
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History. DANZIO. n 5. Route. 353
GoLDWASSER, E kind of liqueur peculiar to Danzig, is prepared by
Isaac Wed Ling Wittwe & Eydam Dirck Hekker, Breite Gasse 52, and
others. — Art Dealer, Louis Berghold, Langgasse 68 (PI. 13, C, 4).
Consuls. British, Oo/. A. M. Brookfield (consul); Ed. A. Grandt,
(vice-consul). American, K. A. Claaszen (consular agent). — Lloyd's
Agent, Col. A. M. Brookfield.
British Church, Hciligc-Gcistgasse 80 (PI. C, 4; service on Sun. at
11 a.m.). — Seamen^s Institute, Schleusscn-Str., Noufahrwasser.
Chief Attractions (1 day): Lange-Markt and Langgasse, Rathaus,
Artushof, Church of St. Mary, the Franciscan Monastery (Museum), and
excursion to the Johannisberg (p. 357) or to Zoppot (p. 358).
Danzig OX D ant sic J Pol. Gdansk., with 160,000 inhab., includ-
ing a garrison of 6000 men, the capital of the province of W. Prussia,
a strong fortress, the headquarters of the 17th Army Corps, one of
the most important commercial towns in the North, and now a
manufacturing place also, lies 3 M. from the Baltic, near the influx
of the united Mottlau and Radaune into the Vistida. The Mottlau
flows through the town in two branches, and separates the Altstadt,
Rechtstadtj and Vorsfadt, the older parts of the town on the left
bank (enumerated from N. to S.), from the modern Niedei^stadt and
Langgarten on the right bank; between the branches is the
Speicherinsel, with its large grain-elevators. The Radaune sep-
arates the Altstadt from the Rechtstadt. The chief imports are
raw material for the industries of the Baltic coast and Russia; the
chief exports are grain, lumber, and sugar.
Danzig first appears in history in 997, and about the year 1200 be-
came capital of the duchy of Pomerellen. In 1308 it came into possession
of the Teutonic Order. Tlie German Rechtstadt was then added to the
still half-Slavonic Altstadt. About the year 1358 the citizens of Danzig
joined the Hanseatic League (p. 146) and took an active part in the wars
of their allies against the Northern kingdoms and the pirates. Owing
to its extensive trade, the wealth and population of the town increased
rapidly, and it soon became one of the most important of mediaeval
commercial cities. As the power of the Teutonic Order began to decline
and that of the towns to increase, the latter entered into a confederation
and threw off the yoke of the Order in 1466, after a desperate struggle.
Danzig, after having destroyed the castle of the Knights which adjoined
the Altstadt, placed itself as a 'free city' under the protection of the
kings of Poland. In this anomalous position it enjoyed extensive pri-
vileges, and saw^ its wealth steadily increase. When the Hanseatic League
took part in the English Wars of the Roses, the ships of Danzig fre-
quently returned home laden with booty. The city embraced the Re-
formation at an early period, but continued its connection with Roman
Catholic Poland. The second partition of Poland in 1793 at length restored
Danzig to German supremacy. In 1807 the Prussian Marshal Kalckreuth
•surrendered the town, after an obstinate resistance, to the French Marshal
Lefebvre, who in consequence of this success was created 'Duke of Danzig'.
Danzig remained in the possession of the French until 1814, wiien it was
again assigned to Prussia.
Of all the larger towns in N. Germany, Danzig alone rivals Liibeck
in the preservation of its mediaeval characteristics. From each period of
its history numerous monuments of different kinds have been handed
down to us, so that we are enabled to make a complete survey of the
progress of architecture at Danzig from the 14th cent, down to modern
times. The appearance of the streets with their narrow, lofty, and richly-
decorated gable-fagades, is still very antiquated, although a peculiarity
354 J^oute 55. DANZlGr. Rathaus.
of Danzig, the 'Beischlage' or raised landings with open-air seats, are
gradually being removed, as interfering with modern traffic. The removal,
in 1895-97, of the picturesque town-walls on the X, and W. sides of the
city has given space for the construction of broad modern streets.
The Rechtstadt (p. 353) is the most interesting quarter. The
*Lange-Markt and ^Langgasse (PL B, C, 4, 5) form a single
broad street intersecting the town from W. to E., flanked with
handsome gabled edifices of the 16-18th centuries. Herr Gield-
zinslci. Langgasse 29 (2nd floor), has an extensive collection of old
Danzig curiosities, pictures, etc., which he willingly shows to
strangers.
The handsome -Rathaus '^Pl. C, 4), situated at the corner
where the Langgasse expands into the Lange-Markt, was built in
the Gothic style in the 14th cent, and remodelled in the style of
the Flemish Renaissance at the end of the 16th century. The por-
tal, Avith its double flight of steps, dates from 1768. The slender
tower (270 ft.) has a graceful spire; the figure at the top is supposed
to be King Sigismund Augustus of Poland (1561).
The Interior, recently admirably restored (custodian to the left, in the
'Boteuzimmer' : 50 pf.), is best visited in the morning, before office-hours.
— Grouxd Floor. To the left is the '^Bofe Saal or Sommer-Batsstuhe ,
with a finely carved doorway of 1596, richly-carved and inlaid panelling,
and ceiling -paintings of 1596-1609. Chimney-piece of 1593. Among the
mural paintings those representing a listener (in the corner between
the door and the window) and a man enjoining secrecy (at the door lead-
ing to the Winter-Ratsstube) are in allusion to the use of the apartment.
Adjacent is the Winter-Batsstube, with mural paintings of the beginning
of the 17th century. To the right on the groundfloor is the old hall of
the 'Wette'. now the Council Chamber, the (modern) groined vaulting of
which rests on a single octagonal column of granite. The scenes from
the history of Danzig are by Prell, Rochling. and Rober (1893-6). — An
ingenious spiral staircase of oak (17th cent.) ascends to the First Floor,
containing the E mpfangszimmer . or reception-room (which resembles the
Sommer-Ratsstube in its decorations, but is of later date; carved door of
1607; chimney-piece of 1594; pictures by Anton Moller, 1602), and the
Study of the burgomaster (formerly the chapel).
The Neptune Fountain in the Lange-Markt was east at Augs-
burg in 1633: the sandstone base dates from the 18th century.
Beyond the fountain a broad flight of steps ascends to the
*Artushof or Jimkerhof (PL C, 4, 5), used as a Corn Exchange
since 1742, the former name being said to be derived from the
mediaeval tradition of King Arthur, and the latter from the 'Junker',
or wealthy merchants of Danzig, who formerly assembled here.
The present edifice was erected in 1477-81 on the site of an older
building. On the lower part of the facade (1609-17 1 are medallion-
portraits of King Sigismund III. and his son Ladislaus IV.
The *Hall (always open on week-days, on Sun. in the forenoon;
entrance by the adjoining house on the right: ladies not admitted in
the business-hour, 12-1; fee), with fine vaulting borne by four slender
pillars of granite, belongs architecturally to the building of 14S1, but
was afterwards very quaintly decorated with pictures, reliefs, and statues
of subjects derived from Christian and pagan traditions. The painted
Provincial Museum. DANZIGr. 55. Route. 355
frieze below the cornice dates from 1541, 1588, and 1859. To the right
of the entrance a Last Judgment by Moller, 1602; Madonna by Stech;
Actseon, a strange combination of painting, relief, and antlers ; Plead of
Clirist; Siege of the Marienburg in 1410 (p. 361); Diana at the chase
(modern); the history of the 'Children of Haymon' ; Orpheus playing to
his spell -bound audience (with a cleverly -painted burning light), by
J. Vredeman de Vriese. The majolica stove (40 ft. high) dates from 1546.
By the end-wall, Augustus III. of Poland, in msn-hle, hy Meissnei' {ISth cent.).
Adjoining the Artushof is the baroque House of the Sheriff's
(Schdff'engebdude)^ restored in 1901. The Steffen House, in the
Lange-Markt (No. 41), has an elaborate fagade by Hans Voigt (1617).
The Lange-Markt is terminated on the E. by the Grilne Tor
(PI. C, 5), erected in 1568, which contains the natural history and
prehistoric collections of the West Prussian Provincial Museum
(open free on Sun., 11-1, and Wed., 2-5). A good view is obtained
from the Grune Briicke. — The Langgasse ends on the W. at the
Langgasser-Tor (PL B, 4), erected in 1612, adjoining which is the
Hall of the Brotherhood of St. George (1489-94). Opposite is the
lofty Stockturni (1346 and 1508), now a club-house, with an old
torture-chamber. Hard by is the Hohe Tor (PI. B, 4), a fortified
gateway erected by a Flemish architect in 1586-88, in the Renais-
sance style (now a guard -house). Outside the gate is a Statue of
Emp. William L, by Bormel (1903).
In the neighbouring Kohlen-Markt is the Old Arsenal {VI. B, 4),
a curious-looking edifice erected in 1602-5, in the Flemish Renais-
sance style, with gables and towers ; the main facade abuts on the
picturesque Jopengasse. Adjacent is the Theatre (PL B, 4), covered
with a flat dome (1794).
The new Landeshaus for West Prussia , in the Neugarten
(PL A, 3), outside the Hohe Tor, and the Government Offices op-
posite are both in the Flemish Renaissance style.
Some way to the S. of this point is Trinity Church (PL A, B, 5),
built by the Franciscans in 1431-1514 and possessing an elaborate
W. gable. Adjoining this church is the old Franciscan Monastery
(PL B, 5), a late-Gothic building of the 15-16th cent, (restored in
1872), which contains the Provincial Museum of Industrial
Art (groundfloor and first floor) and the Municipal Picture
Gallery (second floor). These collections are open to the public
on Sun., Wed., and (in summer) Thurs., 11-2, free; on other days,
except Sat., adm. 50 pf. (4-6 pers. Vj^J^; tickets at Sauer's,
Fleischergasse 10).
The Ground Floor, with its vaulted rooms, and the fine Cloisters
are occupied by Danzig antiquities, casts, and extensive art -industrial
collections. The First Floor contains casts from the antique. — On
the Second Floor is the Municipal Picture Gallery, which consists
chiefly of modern works : H. Bohrdt, Sea-piece ; Brandt, Tartar skirmish ;
Brausewetter , Landscape; Calame , Palermo; Gehler , Art critics in the
stable; C. Grethe, Jovial sailors; S. Hansen, Funeral at sea; E. Hilde-
hrandt (of Danzig), Under the Equator ; Von Kalckreuth, Horses ; Von
Kaniecke, Landscape; E. Meyerheim (Danzig), Genre-scene; P. Meyer-
356 Route 55. DANZIG. St. Mary.
heini (son of the last), A family of monkeys; Nordenberg , Norwegian
game: Rob. Beiniclc (of Danzig), Three Italian landscapes ; Ghist. Richter,
Portrait of Hildebrandt: Schrader. Pope Gregory YII. and Crescentius ;
Stryowski .Danzig), Genre-scenes, etc. Etchings are also shown here. —
The Kabrun Gallery, also on the second floor, consists of about 300 paint-
ings, chiefly of the Netherlands schools. 2000 drawings and water-colours,
and over 10.000 engravings and wood-cuts. — The exhibitions of the
Danzig Kunstverein likewise take place here.
The *Church of St. Mary (PL C, 4; Prot.), founded in 1343,
and gradually increased to its present size between 1401 and 1502,
possesses aisles and a transept flanked with chapels between the
buttresses. Massive W. tower, 248 ft. in height, and ten slender
turrets on the gables. The beautiful groined vaulting of the interior
is borne by 28 pillars. The church contains several treasures of
art (open free on week-days, except Frid. & Sat., 10-12, and on Sun.,
12-1; at other times on application to the sacristan, Korkenmacher-
gasse 4; 50 pf.. 6 pers. 2 ^).
The Gothic Hic^h Altar (65 ft. high), executed in 1510-16 by Michael
(Schwarzfj of Augsburg, who had settled in Danzig, has four wings, on
which are represented scenes from the lives of Christ and the Virgin,
partly in wood-carving and partly in painting. Two fine brass candelabra
of 1517. The architectural crowning was restored by Wendler in 1870.
Behind the altar and in the aisles are Staixed-Glass Wixdows, presented
by Fred. William IT. in 1844. the first works of the Berlin Glass Painting
Institute. The large group of the Crucifixion under the rood -arch is
an admirable work of 1517. Adjoining the altar is a Ciborium (1482).
The Chapel of the 11,000 Virgins (S. aisle, near the choir) contains a re-
markable Crucifix, carved in wood. — The Dorotheen-Kapelle, in the X.
transept, contains the *Last Judgment, the gem of the cathedral, a large
altar-piece with wings, by Memling ; on the outside of the wings, the
donor (Angelo Tani. agent of the Medici at Bruges) and his wife. The
picture, painted before 1473, was destined for Italy but was captured
(1473) by a Danzig cruiser. The French carried it to Paris in 1807, but
it was restored after the war. — Font, cast at Utrecht in 1554. Two
well -executed Candelabra in brass, in the nave. — The Reinholds-
Kapelle. to the right of the entrance, contains a small altar with fine
carving of 1516 (Antwerp) and good pictures ascribed to the Master of
the Death of the Virgin (Cologne). The Allerheiligen-Kapelle, in the
S. transept, contains the church 'Tresor', consisting of ecclesiastical
vessels and sacerdotal vestments of the 12-16th centuries. — In front of
the Schuhmacher-Kapelle is interred the poet Martin Opitz (d. 1639;
tombstone renewed in 1873;.
The Tower (adm. 25 pf. : 325 steps) commands a good survey of the
town and the plain of the Vistula. The large bell (1453) weighs six tons.
Behind the choir of St. Mary's begins the ^Frauexgasse (PI. C, 4),
the quaint mediaeval houses in which are very characteristic. At
the end of this street are the Frauen-Tor and the premises of the
Xatural Historij Society (16th cent. : gable of five stories). In the
parallel Brodbankengasse is the so-called English House (No. 16;
PI. a, C 4;, in the Renaissance style (1569). Along the Mottlau ex-
tends the Lange Briicke, the chief resort of the bargemen, with the
picturesque Kran-Tor (1444; PL C, D, 4). A little to X. is the
Church of St. John (PI. C, 4), dating from the loth cent., but
disfigured by restoration. At the W. end of the Johannisgasse is
Geogr^j:^- Anstalt von
vVa.g-ner L. I>ebee .Leipzig
Environs. DANZIGr. 55. Itoutc. 357
the Dominican Charch (PL C, 4), of the 14-15th cent, (restored),
St. Catharine's (PI. 0, 3), with its three E. gables, founded at the
end of the 12th, and enlarged in the 15th cent., has a chime of
37 bells. — Adjoining St. Catharine's is the Grosse Milhle, with
i\iQi Mailer gewerkhaits^ rebuilt in its original shape in 1896. Not
far off, in the Pfefferstadt (PL B, 3), is the old Rathaus (1587), now
occupied by municipal offices.
The old Church of St. James (in the Schusseldamm, PL C 2), the
tower of which is now surmounted by the spire of the old Jacobs-
Tor, contains a Commercial Museum (open free 10-1 & 3-6; Sun.,
11.30-1.30). Adjacent is the Municipal Library (PL B, C, 2), with
140,000 vols, (shown on Thurs., 10-1). Adjacent is the Staatsarchiv
(PL B, 2), containing also the extensive municipal archives.
A fine view of the town and the bay is obtained from the
Bischofsberg (PL A, 5, 6), an ascent of ^/4 hr. from the Hohe Tor
(p. 355), via the Schwarze Meer (PL A, 4). No admission to the
fortifications.
From the Olivaer-Tor (PL B, 1) a fine avenue of limes ('G-rosse
AUee'; cafes) leads to the N.W. to the suburb of Langfuhr (tram-
way; railway, see below), with numerous villas and barracks (in-
cluding those of the Imperial Hussars). At the end of the Grrosse
Allee, to the left, is the Grossler-Allee, leading to the large Tech-
nical Academy {1904; 500 pupils). Farther on another road,
diverging to the left from the prolongation of the Crosse Allee,
ascends in Yg ^^- ^^ the Johannisberg (on the slope of which
is the Zinglershohe Hotel), the top of which {Kdrdgshdhe, 320 ft.)
commands a noble and extensive prospect of the environs of the
town (only the towers of Danzig itself are visible) and sea. We
may descend by the pretty Jdschken-Tal (Schroder's Restaurant).
To the 'N. of the city are the Imperial Dockyard (2800 hands;
foreigners not admitted) and the Schichau Dockyard (iron-clads
and ocean-steamers).
The *Environs of Danzig (see Map) are more picturesque than
those of any other German seaport. The finest points are easily
reached by railway, electric tramway, or steamboat.
Mouth of the Vistula. To Neiifahrwasser by Steamboat (^/^ hr. ;
25 pf .), by Baihvay (V4 hr. ; 35, 25 pf.), via Neu- Schottland and Brosen,
or by Electric Tramway skirting the left bank of the Vistula (20 pf.). —
The steamer proceeds through the crowded Mottlau, and soon enters the
Vistula. Passing the fortified island of Holm on the right, and Weichsel-
mmide, a fortress and fishing -village, on the left, it reaches Neufahr-
ivasser, the deep-water port of Danzig. The steamer then goes on to
the "Westerplatte (Kurhaus, E. 13/4-21/2, D. 2 JC), an excellent bathing-
place, with a long pier. View from the Strandhalle (restaurant), and from
the 'Eaisersteg'. Near the station is a large lighthouse (30 pf.). To the
W. is Brosen (Kurhaus), a small bathing-place.
358 ^oute 55. DANZIG". Environs.
The ExccRsioy to Hecbude akd Neufahr is most conveniently made
by SUamhoat. The village of Heubude (Kurhaiis, D. IV2 ofC) is pret-
tily situated about 41.2 M. to the E. of Danzig, near a lagoon sep-
arated from the sea only by a broad strip of sand-hills. — At Neufahr,
3 M. farther to the E.. the Vistula forced a new passage for itself to the
sea in 1840. The QueUeuberg on the sand-hills commands a vride view.
*ExcrRSiox TO Olita axd Zoppot by the Stettin Railway
'K. 53}. by tramway (Starting at the Langemarkt; PL C, 5), or by
steamer via Westerplatte (50 pf.). Also pleasant walk of 2\/2-3 brs.
to Oliva via Schidlitz (view from the "^'einberg Inn), Mattern,
and Freudental.
The first station on the railway is (2^ 2 ^O Danzig- Lang fuhr
(comp. p. 357). — 5 M. Oliva (Thierfeld ; Schiveizerhaus Bestau-
7'ant. at the foot of the Karlsberg), with 6900 inhab. and a once
celebrated Cistercian Ahhey^ founded in 1187 and suppressed in
1836. The Gothic Church (remodelled in the 18th cent.) is now
that of the parish 1 sacristan in the school-house to the right; adm.
1 ^/l for 1-4 persons). Good 16th cent, carving on the choir-stalls.
The choir contains figures of Polish kings and Dukes of Pomerellen,
and tombs of the latter. The Refectory is adorned with portraits
of all the abbots. The peace which closed the sixty -one years'
Xorthern war was concluded here between Sweden and Poland on
3rd ^lay. 1660. The Palace of the abbots, now the property of the
crown, possesses a beautiful "^Garden. About 1 M. to the N.W. of
the abbey rises the Karlsherg (350 ft.), a favourite point of view
(^adm. to tower 10 pf.).
7^ 2^^- Zoppot (see Plan, p. 357). — Hotels. *Kurhatis, on the
beach. E. from 3, D. 21/2 ^'- "^Werminghoft {Y\. b). R. 3-10, D. 2 JC ;
=^JIetropoIe (PL a), R. 3-5. D. 2-2 JC: Beichsadler (PI. d) ; Kaiserhof
(PL c}. — Post & Telegraph Office. Markt-Platz. — Visitors' Tax
4-12 JC. Bath 30 pf.
Zoppot is a sea-bathing place, with 12,800 inhab. (15,000 vis-
itors), near which are the Talmiihle. Brauershohe, Kaiserstuhlj
and Konigshohe, all good points of view.
The ^Adlei'shorst (200 ft.), a promontory 41/2 M. to the N., commands
a charming survey of the bay of Zoppot and of another bay farther to
the X., formed by the Oxhofter Spitzc.
At the E. extremity of the Putziger Nehrung lies Hela (Kurhaus,
R. 21/2. D. 2 JC; steamer twice daily), a bathing-resort with a lighthouse.
56. Prom Berlin to Thorn (Warsaw).
241 M. Railway in 51/2-IO hrs. Through-train to (388V2 M.) Warsaw
in 11 hrs. (fares 58 JC, 36 .^ 90, 21 JC 65 pf.).
From Berlin to (154^/2 M.) Schneidemiihl. see R. 55. — Beyond
Schneidemiihl the line leads across the fertile plain of the Netze-
bruch, passing several small stations. 192 M. Kakel (Hot. du Nord),
an industrial town of 8200 inhab.. on the Xetze. is the junction
of lines to ^47 M.; &nesen (p. 372; and (47 M.) Konitz (p. 352).
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, THORN. 56. Route. 359
209 M. Bromberg (Adler, R. 2V2-6, D. 3 c^, very fair;
Lengning ; Victoria; Railway Restaurant)^ on the Brake., with
54,500 inhab., the seat of the government of this district, owes
its commercial importance to a canal constructed by Frederick the
Great, which connects the Vistula and the Oder. A monument to
Frederick adorns the Friedrich-Platz, and one to William I. the
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz. The Wissmannshohe^ to the S. of the town,
affords a tine view. There is another pleasant promenade near the
locks on the canal.
Branch-railways run from Bromberg to (79 M.) Dirschau (p. 352)^
and to (41 M.) Scho7isee.
The railway now ascends the valley of the Vistula (Grer.
Weichsel). Beyond (2391/2 M.) Thorn (Main Station) the train
crosses the Vistula by a massive iron bridge, embellished with
statues, to the (241 M.) Town Station of —
Thorn. — Hotels. Thorner Hof (PL a ; A, 2), R. 2-6, D. IV2-2V2 ^^^,
very fair; Schicarzer Adlei- (PL b; B, 2), R. 2-4, D. 2V4 JC; Drei Kronen
(PL d ; A, 2) ; Victoria (PL c ; B, 3). — Restaurants. Artvshof, B. IV2 1^/
Eatskeller, D. IV4 t^; Schiltzenhaus, with garden; Schwartz (wine);
Automatic Restaurant. — Cafes. Noivak; Kaiserkrone. — Thorn
Gingerbread ('Pfefferkuchen') at G. Weese^s, Elisabeth-Str. 10.
Taximeter Cabs. In the inner town, 1-2 pers. for 1000 metres 50 pf.,
each 500 m. addit. 10 pf . ; in the suburbs and from the railway station
to the town same fares for 750 m. and 375 m. ; at night (10-6 or 10-7)
same fares for 600 and 250 m. Each pers. extra 25 pf. Luggage up to
221/2 lbs. free, 55 lbs. 25 pf. — Electric Tramways as shown on plan. —
Steam Ferry (PL B, 3 ; 5 pf.) across the river.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL A, 2), Alstadtische Markt.
Thorn^ with 32,000 inhab., an old fortified town of some im-
portance, on the Vistula, was founded by the Knights of the Teu-
tonic Order in 1231, and passed to Poland in 1454 and to Prussia
in 1793.
The Rathaus (PI. A, 2) of the 13th, 14th, and 17th cent, (re-
stored after a fire in 1703) contains the Museum (adm. 50 pf.; free
on Sun., 11-3) on the third floor (restaurant in the massive vaulted
Ratskeller; fine view from the old tower). On Dec. 7th, 1724,
Burgomaster Rosner and nine Protestant citizens were beheaded in
front of the Rathaus by order of the Polish government, in con-
sequence of religious disturbances in the town, an incident known
as the 'Blood Bath of Thorn' ('Thorner Blutbad'). Opposite the S.
side of the Rathaus is a bronze statue (by Tieck) of Copernicus
(d. 1543), who was born at Thorn (Copernicus-Str. 28) in 1473 (his
grave is at Frauenburg, see p. 362). The Schiefe Turm {i.e. lean-
ing tower; 13th cent.; PL A, 3) and the old Schloss (PL C, 3) also
deserve inspection. The adjacent Junkerhof (PL 7; B, 3), dating
from the 15th cent., has been restored. The Church of St. John
(PL B, 3; sacristan, Copernicus-Str. 4), an imposing edifice of the
13-14th cent., possesses nave and aisles of equal height and an
unusually low choir; the 1st chapel to the right contains a mon-
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 23
360 Isolde 56. CtRAUDEXZ.
umeut to Copernicus; in the choir is the fine monumental brass of
Burgomaster Johann von Soest (d. 1363) and his wife. The Marien-
Kirche (PI. A, 2). of the l-4th cent., is a similar building, with
three turrets on the E. gable. The pulpit and choir-stalls are good
specimens of wood-carving. In a recess to the left of the high-
altar is the tomb (sarcophagus with recumbent figure) of a Swedish
princess, who died at Thorn in 1625 (sacristan in the court). The
Church of St. James (sacristan, Junker-Str. 1) is a handsome brick
edifice of the early l-4th cent., with two towers and a curious E.
gable: finely carved organ-loft of 1601.
From Thorn to Warsov:. express in 71^ brs.. see Baedekers Russia
(publish.ed in French and German only; : to Posen. see p. 372; to Marien-
burg, see below.
'From Thor?? to Ixsterburg. I86V2 ^-r railway in 6^/4-9 V2 hr. This
line is traversed daily by an express (D) train from Berlin via Posen to
Eydtkuhnen (p. 368). — 36 M. Gosslershause)! is the junction of a line
to' Strasburg and (56 M.) MJaica. — 58V2 ^I- Dcutsch-Eylaii (Kronprinz),
jnnction for Marienburg and Warsaw (comp. p. 362). — 101 M. AUenstein
(Eeichshof: 27.400 inhab.) is the jnnction of lines to Marienburg. to
Konigsberg fp. 363). and to Lyck (p\ 368). — I86V-2 ^- Insterburg (p. 368).
From Thorx to Mariexburg, 85 M., railway in 21/2-0 hrs. Several
insignificant stations. 14 M. Cidmsee (Deutscher Kaiser), seat of a bishop
from 1243 to 1824. with 10.000 inhab. and a Gothic brick chnrch of the
13th centurv. From (23 M.) Kornatoico a branch-line diverges to (lO'/o M.)
Culm (pop. 11.700: Cidmer Hof. R. 2-3. D. IV2-2V2 -^) t an ancient
stronghold of the Teutonic Order (p. 361), on the lofty right bank of the
Vistula. Interesting churches. — 37Vo M. Graudenz (KonigJicMrHof.
R. 2i/.,-4. D. 2 c€; Schicarzer AdJer : Goldener Ldv:e). with 36.000 inhab., is
a strong fortress, picturesquely situated on the right bank of the Vistula,
which successfully resisted the French in 1807. Branch-lines to (14 M.)
Laskcnvitz fp. 352) and (18V.2^1^-) Gosslershauseu (see above). — 6IV2 ^1^-
Marien^werder 'Konigliclier Hof; Hezner: Hintzj, a town on the Liebe,
with 10.100 inhab. and the seat of government for the district. It was
founded by the Teutonic Order in 1233. The Cathedral is a fine Gothic
edifice of the 14th cent., with mural paintings and other features of the
period (sexton, Marienburger-Str. 3;. Adjacent is the Episcopal Palace
(now a law-court), dating from the 13th cent, and possessing two towers
(Danskerj. — 861/2 Al. Marienburg, see p. 361.
57. From Dirschau (Berlin) to Konigsberg
and Eydtkuhnen (St. Petersburg).
195 M. Railway to (101 M.) Konigsberg in 2Vo-4 hrs., thence to
(94 M.) Eydtkuhnen in 21/2-^ hrs. (express fares 14 JC 40, 9 .€ 30, 5 .4C
70 pf. : sleeping-car 10 or 8 JC). — From Berlin to (365 M.) Konigsberg,
express in 10 hrs. (fares 49 JC 20, 30 JC 10, 19 ^ 40 pf .) ; to (460 M.)
Eydtkuhnen in 12 hrs. (fares 62 JC 50. 37 JC 60, 24 .^ 10 pf.). — From
Danzig to (120 M.) Konisrsberg, express in 31/2 hrs. (fares 17^40, 11 JC
30. 7 Jt 10 pf.).
From Berlin to (267 M.) Dirschau. see R. 55. — After crossing
the Vistula by a huge Bailicay Bridge (1888-90), the train tra-
verses a fertile plain, called the Marienhurger Werder, between
the Vistula and its tributary the Nogat. Just before reaching
Marienburg the train crosses the latter.
G^o^raphJ^nstalt^. K^»v-Kirche u.Marlrt
liarkt'
"Wagner *I>el)es Leip»i
MARIENBURG. 57. Boute. 361
•11 M. Marienburg (Kdnig von Preussen, Marienhurij, both
well spoken of, R. 2-3 ^ ; JRathaus Restaurant ; Rail. Restaurant),
an ancient town on the Nogat, with 13,000 inhab., was long the
seat of the powerful knights of the Teutonic Order. Following the
Bahnhof-Str. from the station and continuing along the Langgassc,
we emerge by the Topfer-Tor into the market-place, flanked with
'Lauben' or arcades, which contains the Gothic Rathans, built at
the end of the 14th century. The handsome Marien-Tor and the
Roman Catholic Church are of the same period. At the N. end
of the main street is a small Gothic Obelisk, commemorating the
gallant Burgomaster Blume (beheaded in 1460). The Schloss rises
to the right of the market-place ; the principal entrance is on the
N.E. side. In front is a bronze Statue of Frederick the Great j
by Siemering (1877).
The **ScHLoss (1 M. from the rail, station), the grandest med-
iseval secular edifice in Germany, was at once the residence of the
Grand Master and a fortress. It consists of three parts, the Alte
Schloss or Hochschloss, the Mittelschloss, and the Vorburg, of
which last a part only is now extant, though it originally extended
as far as the round 'Butter-Milk Tower' (or 'tower with the slanting
window^s'), near the railway-bridge. For admission we apply at the
'Oberschlosswart' (Mittelschloss, PL a). The hours for visiting are
9-1 and 2-6, Sun 11-1, adm. 50 pf. ; Sun. 3-5, free.
The Teutonic Order, founded in 1192, began in 1230 under the auspices
of the Grand Master Hermann von Salza to undertake the conquest and
conversion of the heathen Prussians. Each conquered piece of land was
protected by castles and provided with German colonists. In this manner
Marienhiirg was founded about 1280, and in 1309 it became the residence
of the Hochmeister. In 1335 Dietrich von Altenhurg began to erect the
Mittelschloss, which was magnificently completed under Winrich von
Kniprode (1351-82). This was the golden age of the Order, after which
it rapidly declined, partly owing to internal dissensions and partly to
the hostility of Poland. Frontier disputes in l-lOT-l-llO culminated in
the bloody battle of Tannenberg (1410), after which the greater part of
the Teutonic dominions succumbed to the Polish yoke, thougb the Marien-
burg under the gallant Helnrich von Plaaen (1410-13) successfully resisted
a siege. The second peace of Thorn (1466) confirmed to the Poles the
possession of the whole of W. Prussia, with the exception of the district
of Maricnwerder. The Grand Master (Liidwig von Erlichshausen) emig-
rated to Konigsberg, and the Order thenceforth retained only E. Prussia
and Pomesania (p. 164), as a fief from the King of Poland. During the
Polish supremacy (down to 1772) the Marienburg fell into decay, but at
length in 1817-20, in consequence of the enthusiasm aroused by the wars
of independence, the public interest in the building was revived, and
the Mittelschloss restored (1822; a more judicious restoration is now in
progress). The restoration of the Hochschloss, begun in 1882, is now
practically completed.
The ^Mittelschloss forms an irregular quadrangle, about 100 yds.
in length and 90 yds. in width, open towards the Hochschloss. The W.
wing contains the sumptuous apartments of the Grand Master. On the
groundfloor are a number of Official Apartments. On the first floor a
long passage leads to the "^Masters Great Hall, the bold vaulting of
which is borne by a single granite pillar, 10 in. thick and 38 ft. in height.
23*
362 Route 57. ELBIX&. From Dirschau
During the siege of 1410 this pillar formed the principal aim of the Polish
cannon, a ball from which is still to be seen built into the wall. The
stained-glass windows and mural paintings are of the early 19th century-.
The vaulting of the Master's Small Hall is also borne by a single
column of granite; this hall was used in winter. The Chapel contains,
among other curiosities, a field-altar dating from 1388. One of the finest
apartments in the Schloss is the '^Bitter-Saal, or assembly-hall, with
remarkably light and elegant groined vaulting, borne by three red granite
pillars. 9^]o in. thick. The vast Cellars are worthy of inspection. — The
X.E. wing contains the Infirmary and the Grand Steward' s Apartments ;
the S.E. wing the Guest Chambers and the Chapel of St. Bartholomew.
Between the latter wing and the Hochschloss rises the Pfaffenturm.
The *HocHSCHLOss encloses a quadrangle, surrounded with cloisters.
In the X. wing is the ^Church of St. Mary, a noble Gothic structure,
with handsome vaulting and sculptural ornamentation. The church is
entered by the elegant 'Golden Gate' in the upper part of the cloisters.
A niche" on the exterior of the choir contains a mosaic Figure of the
Virgin, 26 ft. in height, dating from 1380. To the N.W. is the Chapter
Boom , where the knights assembled for councils and elections ; the
portraits of the Grand Masters were restored in 1898. The Chapel of
St. Anna , under the church, contains the ancient burial-vault of the
Grand Masters, some of whose names are still legible on the monuments.
In the X.W. wing are the Steward's Apartments, the dwelling of the
Tresler (treasurer), and the Kitchen. — The Knights^ Dormitories were
in the S.E. wing. The upper story of the S. wing contains the Konvents-
Remter and Konvent-Stube, used as sitting-rooms. A covered passage
ran round the entire building under the roof.
The YoRBURG (p. 361) included the stables, workshops, and other
outbuildings, of which the Karwan, or armoury, and the St. LawreTice
Chapel have been restored. On the Xogat are the massive Brucken-Tor
(renewed in 1897) and the Nikola us-Tor.
From Marienburg to Warsaw via Deutsch-Eylau (p. 360) and Mlawa,
see Baedeker's Bassland. — From Marienburg to Thorn, see p. 360.
281 2 '^^' Elbing (Rauch's Hotel, R. 2^ '4-3, D. l^ '4-2 ^, good;
Kdnigliclier Hof: Stadt Berlin: Deutsclies Hans: Post Office,
Friedricli-AVilhelm-Piatz; cab from the station to the town 60, two
pers. 75 pf.), an industrial town on the Elbing, with 46,000 inhab.
and large ship-building yards, somewhat resembles Danzig in the
older parts, but contains little of special interest. On the ground-
floor of the Rathaus is a small museum. The Church of St. Mary
1 13-14:th cent.) has a noteworthy high-altar of the early 16th cen-
tury. A little to the X. of the church is an important building-
yard for torpedo-boats. In the X. part of the town is the inter-
esting Corpus Christi Church (1405). — Vogelsang (restaurant)
is one of the finest points in the beautiful environs: farther to the
S. rises the Thunherg (310 ft.: restaurant).
From Ei^bixg to Brauxsberg, 29 M., light railway in 21/2 hrs. —
91/2 M. Beinuinnsfelde, the starting-point for a walk in the 'Dorbeck
Sivitzerlaud'. — 11 M. Panklau. About 5 M. to the X.W. lies Cadinen,
with an old convent and park, now owned by the Emperor. — 221/2 M.
Frauenburg ^Copernicus), the seat of the Bishop of Ermeland. with
2560 inhab. and a fine Gothic ^Cathedral of 1329-88. The celebrated Coper-
nicus (p. 359) died here as a canon in 1543. — 29 M. Braunsberg, see below.
The train now describes a wide circuit. 44 M. Schlobitten. —
63 M. Braunsberg (Rheinischer Hofj, a town with 13,000 inhab.,
on the Passarge. Interesting church of the 14th century.
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to Eydtkuh7iGn. KONIGSBERCr. 57. Route. 363
101 M Konigsberg. — Railway Stations. 1. Osf-BahnJwf (PI.
B, 4), for Eeiliii, JJreslau, Insterbiirg, p]y(ltkiihneii; and Tilsit; 2. Sifd-
Bahnhof {V\. B, 5), for Tiiorn and Prostken ; 3. Lizent or rUlau-Bahnhof
(PL B, 3), for Pillau; 1. Cranzcr-Bahulwf (PL C, 1), for Cranz ; 5. Sam-
land- Bahnhof, Vi M. to the N. of the ISteindainmer Tor (PL B, 1), for
Neukuhren and Rausehen. — Cab-numbers are given out as at Berlin (p. 1).
Hotels. ^Deutsclies Haus (PL a; D, 3), R. 3-15, B. IV4, D. 2V2-5c^;
^Continental (PL g; C, 4), R. 3-8 \^; *Central Hotel (PL m ; D, 2), R. 3-8,
D. 3 c^; Hot. de Berlin (PL d ; C, 2), R. 2V2-5, D. IV2-2V2 -^; Bayrischer
Hof (PL n; D, 2); Schloss-Hotel (PL i; D, 3), R. 21/2-0, D. 11/2-21/2-^;
Bahnhof-Hotel (PLe;B, 4), opposite the Ost-Bahnhof and Siid-Bahnhof,
R. from 21/2 c^; Gennania (PL k; I), 2), R. 2^.^-4., B. 1, D. IV2-2V2 ^;
Englisches Haus (PL h; B, 4).
Restaurants. Deutsches Haus, Hotel de Berlin , Schloss-Hdtel, see
above; Theatre Restaurant, in the Stadt-Theater (PL D, 2), with garden,
D. IV2 <^; BeUevue (PL E, 2), on the Schlossteich, with garden; Borse
(PL C", 4); Reichshof, in front of the theatre (PL D, 2). — Automatic
Restau7'ants in the Schlossteich gardens, opposite tlic Palace (PL D, 3), at
Kneiphof'sche Langgasse 19 (PL C 3, 4), and at Steindamm 131 (PL C, 1, 2). —
Wine Rooms. Jihicke, Steffens S Wolter , in the Kneiphof'sche Lang-
gasse (PL C, 3, 4); Ehlers, Gesecus-Platz 3 (PL C, 3); Blut-Gericht, in
the court of the palace (p. 364), with good wines and restaurant (closed in
the evening). — Cafes. Bauer, Parade-Platz (PL D, 2^, ; Kaiscr-Frledrich,
Steindamm 67 (PL C, 1, 2); Metropole, Schlossteicli-Str. 11 (PL D, 2);
Kaiserkrone, Parade-Platz 4c. — Confectioners. Zappa, Franzosische-
Str. 10 (PL D, 3); Plouda , Kneiphof'sche Langga^jse 6 (PL C, 3, 4);
Steiner, Juuker-Str. 1 (PL D, 3); at these the best 'Marzipan' (comp.
p. 145), a specialty of Konigsberg (4 cS per kil. or 2 J{, per lb.).
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL D, 2), open in winter only; Apollo
Theatre of Varieties, Steindamm 32 (PL C, 2); Litisenhohe (p. 367),
operettas and comedies in summer, vaudeville in winter.
Post and Telegraph Office (PL C, 3), Gesecus-Platz.
Baths. Palaestra Alhertina (p. 365); Preussen-Bad (PL P-B ; 0, 2),
Steindamm 40, both with swimming-pools. Swimming baths at the Ober-
teich, outside the Rossgartner-Tor (PL F, 1) and the Tragheimer-Tor
(PL C, 1).
Taximeter Cabs: 1-2 pers. per drive of 1000 metres 50 pf., for
every 500 metres more 10 pf . ; 3-4 pers. per 750 metres 50 pf., for
every 375 metres more 10 pf. At night (12-6 or 11-7), 1-4 pers. per
500 metres 50 pf., for every 250 metres more 10 pf. Luggage 25 pf.
Electric Tramways. The routes are distinguished by coloured signs
on the cars. From the Ost-Bahnhof (PL B, 4) to the Kalthof (beyond
PL G, 2), yellow & green; from the Ost-Bahnhof \m the Mittel-Tragheim
(PL J), 1, 2) and the Rossgarten (PL E, F, 1) back to its starting-point,
green & red; from the Konigs-Tor (PL G, 3) via the Steindammer-Tor
(PL B, 1) to Luisenhohe (bevond PL B, 1), yellow & red ; from the
Pillau-Bahnhof (PL B, 3) to ^the ScJilachthof (beyond PL D, 5), red:
from the Schloss (PL D, 3) to Schonhusch (beyond PL A, 5), red & white;
from the Sackheimer-Tor (PL G, 4) to Cosse (beyond PL A, 3), green:
from the Augusta-Str. (PL F, 2) to the Plllait-Bahyihof (PL B, 3), green
& white; from the Steindammer-Tor (PL B, 1) to the Luisenhohe (loeyond
PL A, B, 1), white; from the Milnz-Platz (PL D, 3) to 3Iaraunenhof
(beyond PL E, 1), blue. Also from the Post-Platz to the Tiergarten
and Luisenhohe, white ; to Juditten, red & white ; to the Bahn-Strasse,
white & yellow ; to the Labiauer Bahn, white & blue ; to the Kirchofen
(PL A, 1, 2), green & white.
Steamboats : to Memel, via Tapiau and Labiau, twice weekly, in
13 hrs. (fares Z JC, 2 JC; from Cranz to Memel, see p. 367); to Tilsit,
thrice weekly in 131/2 hrs. (3 «/#, 2 JC) ; to Danzig, via the HafiF, twice weekly
in 14 hrs. (3 JC, 2 JC).
Amber Wares. Liedtke, Prinzessin-Str. 2.
364 Route d7. KOXIGSBERG. From Dirischati
r. S. Consular Agext. Alex. Eckhardt. — British Vice -Consul
O. W. Birth.
Chief Attractions (5 lirs.). Palace. Prussia Museum, Monument
of Frederick I.. Parade - Platz . Cathedral, and Hufen. — Excursion to
Rauschen. see p. 368.
Ko/iigsberg. the second capital of Prussia, an important fortress,
the seat of the provincial government and of a university, and the
headquarters of the 1st Army Corps, with 230,000 inhabitants (in-
cluding a garrison of 9500 men), lies on undulating ground on the
Pregd. -4^ .y M. from its influx into the Frische Haff. The city
consists of three quarters, which were anciently independent of
each other: the Altstadt (j). 366), the Kneiphof (p. 366 1, and the
Lohenicht (on the E. side, between the Schlossteich and the new
Pregel). To these have now been added the former suburbs oiSack-
heim. Bossgarten, Tragheim. etc. A ship-canal between Konigs-
ber^ and Pillau. which enables vessels of 21 ft. drauo^ht to moor
alongside the town, was completed in 1901. The traffic with the
corn-^rowincr districts of the interior is carried on bv means of
numerous barges ('Reisekahne' or 'Wittinnen*). The staples of its
trade are grain and mill-products. Its saw-mills, iron-foundries,
and machine-shops are important.
Kouigsberg was originally a fortress of the Knights of the Teutonic
Order, and was named after their ally King Ottocar of Bohemia (1255).
After the fall of the Marienburg Tp. 361) the town became the residence
of the Grand Master, and afterwards ^^1525-1618) that of the Dnkes of
Prus.^ia. The Elector Frederick III. of Brandenburg assumed the title
of King of Prussia here in 1701. and after the disasters of 1807 Frederick
WiUiam III. and his court retired to Kouigsberg. where schemes for
the salvation of the tottering kingdom were zealouslj' canvassed by Baron
Stein, Yorck. and other illustrious men of the period. Kouigsberg is
also celebrated as the scene of the labours of the philosopher JS^ant
(1724-1804), Hamann (1730-88). and other distinguished scholars.
The Palace ScMoss : PL D. 3 , an extensive building, enclosing
a large quadrangle, with a lofty Gothic tower, situated nearly in
the centre of the city, was formerly a seat of the Teutonic Order.
It was frequently altered in the 16-I9th centuries. It now contains
the apartments of the royal family (with memorials of Queen Louisa,
etc.; adm. daily 10-2. Sun, & holidays 11-2; 25 pf.;, official dwell-
ings, government-offices, the Archives, and the Prussia Museum.
The W. wing contains the Schloss-Kirche. where Frederick I. of
Prnssia was crowned in 1701 and 'William I. in 1861 (sacristan. Jagerhof-
Str. 6. generally in the church from 10 to 12: fee). The arms emblazoned
on the walls and columns are those of Knights of the Order of the Black
Eagle. Above the church is the spacious Moscowiter-Saal. one of the
largest halls in Grermany.
In the X. wing are the Provincial Archives (entrance from the court,
open 9-1) and the Blutgericht. formerly the torture-chamber of the Schloss,
now a wine-room (p. 363 .
Outside the S.W. angle of the palace is a Statue of Emp. Wil-
liam I. (PI. 7i, and by the N.E. corner is one of Albert I. (PI. 3),
first Dnke of Prussia (1525), both by Reusch. The * Statue of
to Etjdtkiilmen. K0NIG8BERG. 57. Route. 365
Frederick I. (PI. 1), in front of the E. portal of the palace, is by
Schliiter (end of 17th cent.). In the Kaiser-Wilhelni-Platz are a
bronze statue, by Reusch, of Prince Bismarck (PL 6), and a granite
cube marking the site of the altar of the original Altstadtische
Kirche and the tomb of Havs Luther (d. 1575), the eldest son of
the Reformer.
The Post Office (PI. C, 3) is situated a few paces to the W. of
the palace, and adjoining it is the Altstadtische Kirche (P1.C,D,2),
designed by Schinkel (1839-43), whose jjlans, however, were much
reduced and modified.
In the vicinity is the Parade-Platz (PL D, 2), bounded on the
N.E. by the Theatre and on the N.W. by the University (see below),
and embellished with an equestrian Statue of Frederick Wil-
liam HI. (PL 2), by Kiss, erected in 1851. A little to the S.W. is
a Statue of Kant (PL 4), by Ranch, erected in 1864.
The University (1100 students), completed in 1862, is a fine
Renaissance structure by Stiller (shown on week-days, 12-4). The
fagade is adorned with an equestrian figure in relief of Dulie Albert
of Prussia (p. 364), the founder of the University in 1544. Below
are niches containing statues of Luther and Melanchthon. The
Senate Hall contains a bust of Kant in his 80th year, by Hage-
mann and Schadow.
In the Dritte-Fliess-Str. (Nos. 3-5) is the Palaestra Alhertina
(PL D, 1), established in 1898 by Dr. Lange of New York for the
encouragement of the higher forms of sport among the students
and citizens. — In the Mittel-Tragheim are the Government
Offices (PL D, 1). — A little to the S. is the University Library
(PL D, 3; open 9-1 and 3-7), with 280,000 volumes.
The Schlossteieh (PL D, E, 3-1), which intersects half the
town from S. to N., is surrounded by pleasant gardens.
Through the Weissgerbergasse we reach the Rossgarter-Markt
(PL E, 3). In the Yorder-Rossgarten (No. 49), leading hence to the
left, is the Museum of Industrial Art (Sun., 11-1, and Thurs.,
10-1), where the iron-work and Konigsberg fayence may be espe-
cially noted. In the long Konig-Strasse (PL E, F, Gr, 3), No. 57,
is the Academy of Art ^ containing (on the upper floor) the —
Municipal Museum (PL E, 3), a choice collection of 370 pic-
tures, chiefly modern (Sun. 11-2, AYed. 11-1; open to strangers
daily for a fee; custodian, Maurer-Str. 1, 2nd floor). Catalogue 25 pf.
Room I. (left): 356. 0. FrenzeJ, Marshes near the Elbe. — Room II.
(right): 75. Frans Hals, Heads of laughing children. — Room III. 350.
F. von Uhde, Girl in a garden; 348. Hans Hei'r maun, Amsterdam; 367.
Heichert, Ora et labora; 285. Brandt, Ukraine Cossacks of the 17th cen-
tury. — Room lY. 310. F. von Lenbach, Bismarck ; 252. Kalckreuth, Land-
scape; 873. Jernherg, Old bridge in winter; 305. G. Max, Confidence;
no number, Liebermann, Children on their way from school. — Room V.
261. Schleich, Near Munich; 301. E. Grntzner, Convent-kitchen. —
Room VI. 297. Bracht, Cavern of St. Saba in the gorge of the Kedron
366 -^^"^^ •5'- KONIGSBERG-. From Dirschau
at Jerusalem; 123. C. Vernet {'?), Kant. — Room YII. 34.1. Gahr. Max.
The connoisseur: 267. i. Knaus. Gipsies resting. — Room Till. 360.
Dettmann, Last Supper. — Room IX. 284. Defreyger. Forbidden sport:
253. K. F. Lessing. Monk praying beside the coffin of Emp. Henry lY. —
Room X. 355. H. Baisch. North Sea fishers: 296. W. Schuch. Recruiting-
officers in the Thirty Years* War: 291. Defregger, Andreas Hofer on
the way to execution ; 357. Liehei'mann, Among the sand-dunes.
The old library, Konig-Str. 65. is occupied by the Prussia
Museum (open free on Sun., 11.30-1.30; at other times, fee; castel-
lan in the left wing), containing skeletons of the stone age, relics
from lake-dwellings, Yiking swords, architectural fragments, cos-
tumes, gold ornaments, reminiscences of Kant, etc.
Farther on in the Kouig-Str. are the Landhaus and the Konigs-
Tor iPl. G-, 3), with the statues of Ottocar of Bohemia, Duke Albert
of Pnissia, and King Frederick I.
The quarter to the S.W. of the Schlossteich is named the
Altstadt. The Altstddtische Rathaus (PL D, 3) is now a com-
mercial school.
In the quarter called the Kxeiphof, on an island in the Pregel,
rises the Gothic Cathedral (PI. D, 4), begun ca. 1325, but not
completed till the middle of the 15th cent, (restored in 1901-07;
verger, Dom-Str. ITi. One of the W. towers is unfinished.
The *Choir, with mural paintings of the 14-15th cent., contains some
late-G-othic wood-carvings and ancient monuments in the Renaissance
style, the chief of which is that of Albert I.. Duke of Prussia (d. 1568),
the founder of the university, by C. Floris of Antwerp (1572). A number
of Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order and Prussian princes are interred
in the vaults.
Adjoining the cathedral, on the X. side of the choir, is the
grave of the illustrious thinker Immanuel Kant (1724-1804;
p. 364); custodian in the Kneiphof Gymnasium (see below).
The bones of the 'Sage of Konigsberg' rest under a stone with an
appropriate inscription, above which, on a marble pedestal, is a replica
in Carrara marble of the bust mentioned at p. 365. On the opposite
wall are the words 'Der bestirnte Himmel iiber mir. das moralische Ge-
setz in mir* ;/The Starry Heavens above me, the Moral Law within me'),
from Kant's 'Kritik der praktischen Yernunft".
The Old University, where Kant lectured, and the Kneiphof
Gymnasium stand opposite the X. and E. sides of the cathedral.
In the former is the Municipal Library. — The Rathaus (PL C, 4)
has a noteworthy plaster ceiling of the early 18th century.
On the left bank of the Pregel, between the bridges iG-riine
Briicke and Kottel-Brucke'i crossing from the Kneiphof, rises the
Exchange (PL C, 4; business-hours, 11.30-1.30). Fine view of the
harbour from the staircase. — At Xo. 6 Bahnhof-Str. are the offices
of the Royal Amber Works.
The Observatory (PL B. 2} was fitted up bvthe astronomer Bessel
(d. 1846). Near it are the Botanical Garden (Bessel -Platz 113),
the Zoological Museum (Sternwarten-Str. 1), the Chemical Labor-
atory, and several institutions belonging to the medical faculty of
I
to Eijdtkuhnen. PILLAU. 57. Route. 367
the university. The hilly ground between the observatory and the
fortifications is occupied by the Volksgarten (PL A, B, 2). — At
No. 4 Lange Reihe, near the Heumarkt (PL C, 2), is the building of
the PhifSilialisch-iEkoninnische Gesellschaff, with interesting col-
lections of amber (groundfioor; Sun,, 11-1) and geology (first floor).
Outside the Steindamnier-Tor lie the Hufen (tramway), a sub-
urb with pleasure-grounds and villas, and several popular resorts:
Zoological Garden, or ^ Tiergarten^adm. 50pf.,Wed. 1 ^,' concerts
daily in summer), Luisevhohe, Julchen-Tal, etc. To the left, in
the Luisenwahlj is a medallion of Queen Louisa, who- lived in the
opposite villa with her children (1808), and to whom a Memorial
Church (a little beyond the Luisenwahl) was erected in 1901.
Samland.
Samland is a fertile and partly-wooded district, with several lakes,
lying to the N. of Konigsberg. Several villages on its N. coast are fre-
quented as bathing-places. — The whole of the W. Prussian coast has for
more than a thousand years been celebrated as the ^ Amber CoasV (Palm-
nicken, see below). The right to collect amber is a royal monopoly;
visitors therefore are not allowed to pick up fragments on the beach.
The milky amber is most esteemed ; specimens containing insects and
vegetable matter are also highly prized. Konigsberg is now the principal
depot of this highly -prized antediluvian gum, which is chiefly exported
to the East for pipe-mouthpieces and ornaments.
From Konigsberg to Pillau, 29 M., railway (from the Lizent-Bahn-
hof, PL B, 3) in IV4 hr. (fares 2 .^ 10, 1 JC 45 pf.). — 3 M. Juditten (tramway
from Konigsberg, p. 363), with a municipal park and a Gothic church.
— From (13 M.) Poivayen an excursion (21/2 hrs.) may be taken to the
Galtgraben (p. 368). — From (20 M.) Fischhausen (pop. 2600; Siidbahn-
Hotel) a branch diverges for (IIV2 M.) Palmnicken (Schloss), the chief
centre of the amber industry (see above), where it is mined on an ex-
tensive scale (adm. 50 pf. ; the visit takes IV2 hr.). At Lochstedt, 21/2 M.
to the S. of Fischhausen, is an interesting castle of the Teutonic Order
(1270), and 2 M. to the N. of this, at TenJcitten, is Adalberfs Cross, where
St. Adalbert (p. 372) was slain by the Prussians in 997. — 29 M. Pillau
{Deutsches Haus ; Brit, consul, R. Lietke; Lloyd's agent, 0. W. Birth),
a fortress at the mouth of the Frische HafP, with a harbour and light-
house (7400 inhab.), has also steamboat connection with Konigsberg,
From Konigsberg to Neukuhren, 28V2 M., railway (from the Cranzer
Bahnhof, PL C 1) in IV2 hr- (fares 2 JC 60, 1 ^IC 55 pf.). — 171/2 M. Cranz
(3Ionopol; Grosses Logierhaus ; Bellevue , E. from 3, D. 2'jl: Ostsee-
Hotel; visitors' tax 4-21 JC), at the S. end of the Kurische Nehrung, is
the most frequented watering-place on the Samland coast (13,000 visitors).
— The Kurische Nehrung is a narrow strip of sand, separating the
Kurische Haff from the Baltic and extending to (60 M.) Memel. Its sand-
dunes, sometimes attaining a height of 250 ft., tend constantly to migrate
from W. to E. ; but government is now endeavouring, at great cost, to
prevent their shifting by planting them with trees. A few of the sparse
population still speak Kurish, a dialect of the Lettish tongue. — A steam-
boat plies daily in summer from Cranzbeek (near Cranz) to (6 hrs.) Memel
(p. 368), calling at Schioarzorb (Kurischer Hof, R. 2-3, B. 3/^ jc ; Sturm-
hofel; steamer to Tilsit), a sea-bathing resort whence interesting excur-
sions may be made among the dunes. — Beyond Cranz the railway turns
to the W. — 28V2 M. Neukuhren (Kurhaus , R. 2-3 JC ; Strand -Hotel ;
Ostsec-Hotel; visitors' tax 4-15 JC), another frequented sea-bathing resort.
368 Isolde 61. INSTERBURG.
From Koxigsbekg to WARifiCKEx. 28 M.. railway (from the Sainland
Station) in li ^ hr. The Galtgrahen (360 ft; view -tower), near (12 M.)
Drugehnen, is the highest point of the Samland. — '22 M. Xeukithren,
see p. 367. — 25 M. Bauschen (Diine. Kiuhaus, R. 2-3, D. 11/2-2^/2.^) and
(28 M.) ^Yanlicken (Straud-Hotel, R. 2-3 ^40) are two other bathing-resorts.
Other railways run from Kouigsberg to (78 M.) TiUit (see below), to
(105 M.) GoMrij)' (see ^elow), to (121 ^i.) Prostken, and to (82 lA.) Allen-
stein (p. 360).
Beyond Kouigsberg the train follows the valley of the Pregel.
158 M. Insterburg fBheinischer Hof: Deutsches Hans, R.
2-4, D. 13 ^-2\.2 Jl), an industrial town with 28,900 inhab., at the
confluence of the Angerapp and Inster, which here form the Pregel.
From Ixsterbcrg to Lyck, 74 M.. railway in 4 hrs. — 33 M. Goldap
(Krech),.a town of 8400 inhab., on the river of the same name; 56 M.
JIarggraboiva (5000 inhab.). on the Lega. — 74 M. Lyck. see p. 360.
From Insterburg to Memel. 91 M.. railway in 31/2 hrs. This line
runs to the X. — 33 M. Tilsit {Hotel de Bussie, R. from 2y^ JC : Bahnhof-
Hotel : Metropole : electric tramway), a town with 37.100 inhab., on the
Memel. On a raft anchored below the bridge-of-boats the peace of 1807
was concluded between Xapoleon, Alexaiider, and Frederick William III.,
by which Prussia was deprived of one-half of her dominions. A marble
tablet marks the house in which Frederick William III. and Queen Louisa
resided. In the Schenkendorf-Platz is a monument to the poet Max von
Schenkendorf (1783-1817), a native of Tilsit. Tilsit is also connected
with Kouigsberg by a more direct line via Labiaii (77 M., in 41/2 hrs.). —
The train crosses the valley of the Memel (which is here 2V2 M. wide)
by means of three bridges. — Numerous unimportant stations. — 91 M.
Memel (Victoria Hotel: British Hotel : Hotel de Bitssie: Bail. Bestau-
rant: British vice-consul. H. Pietsch: Lloyd's agent. D. B. Schtieidcrj,
a seaport with 20.700 inhab., at the entrance to the Kurische Haff, is the
northernmost town in Prussia and the central point of the Baltic timber-
trade. It was the birthplace of Simon Dach (1605-59), the author of
'Aennchen von Tharau'. There is an English church here (service at
11 a.m.). Steamer to Cranzheek, see p. 367; to Konigsherg, see p. 363.
From Insterburg the main (St. Petersburgi line goes on via
(174 M.) Gumbinnen iKaiserhof), a town with 14,200 inhab., at the
junction of the Rominte and Pissa. — 182 M. Trakehnen. The
village, 31^2 ^^- to "^^^ S.E., with a royal stud-farm (established in
1733u is the centre of the noted horse-breeding industrv of East
Prussia. — 195 M. Eydtkuhnen 'Welters Hotel R. from 21^ J6 ;
Hot. deRussiej is the Prussian frontier-station. Thence to (553 M.)
St. Petersburg (express in 20 hrs.), see Baedekers Rassland.
58. From Berlin to Frankfort on the Oder
and Posen.
158 M. Railway to (50 M.) Frankfort in 1-13/^ hr. (fares 7 .^. 4. JC 20,
2 JC^Q pf. : express 8 ^, 5 .^ 20, 3 .^ 30 pf.). From Frankfort to Posen in
3-41/2 hrs. (fares 13 ^ 80. 8 ^ 30. 5 .€ 50 pf. ; express 15 JC 80, 10 JC 30,
6 c^ 50 pf.). — Express from Berlin to Posen in 4 hrs. (fares 21 JC 90,
14 .M. 60, 9 c^ 10 pf.).
Berlin, see p. 1. — 29 M. FUrsteniralde (114 ft.: Kronprinz),
with 20,500 inhab., was the seat of a bishopric from 1385 to 1598.
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FRANKFORT. 58. Route. 369
50 M. Frankfort on the Oder. — Hotels. Prinz von Preussoi
(PI a; B, 3), R. 21/2 -4, B. 1, D. 2-3 J^ : Deutsche^ llaus (PI. b; B, 3),
R. 2-31/2, B. 3/4, I>- 1V2-^ ^; Goldner Adler (PI. c; C, 3), R. from IV2,
D. IV4-2 jIC, well spoken of; Victoria (PI. d ; B, 3); Mark Brandenburg
(PI. e ; B, 4), at the station, very fair.
Restaurants. Ziim Rildesheimer und Patzenhofer , Flirstenwalder-
Str. 1 (PI. B, 3), D. IV2 ^; Aktien-Brauerei, Fiirstenwalder-Str. 69;
Wiedemann, Fiirstenwalder-Str. 60 (PI. A, B, 3); Gesellschaftshaus (PI 2);
Ehrenherg (Ratskellcr) ; Kaiser Automatic Restaurant, Regierungs-Str. 14
(PI. B, C, 3). — Cafe. Kijritz, Wilhelm-Platz 23 (PI. B, 3).
Post & Telegraph Offk^e (PI. B, 3), Wilhelm-Platz.
Cabs. Per drive, 1 pcrs. 60, 2 pers. 75, 3 pers. 1 JC, i pers. IV4 «^;
per V2 ^"*- 1-2 pers. 1 JC^ 3-4 pers. IV2 ^^- There are also taximeter cabs.
Electric Tramways traverse the principal streets.
Frankfort on the Oder (185 ft.), an old town with 67,000 in-
hab., was always an important station on the commercial route to
Poland, and was the scat of a university from 1506 to 1811. The city
is connected by a bridge with the Damm suburb on the right bank.
To the N. of the station lies the \Yilhelm-Platz, with an Eques-
trian Statue of Emp. William 1. (PL 6; B, 3), by linger (1900).
The Regierungs-Strasse leads hence to the Ober-Kirche, or Church
of St. Alary (PL C, 3), a brick structure of the 15-16th cent., with
double aisles (sacristan, Oberkirch-Platz 6). Among the objects of
interest in the interior are the Avood-carving over the altar, richly
gilded (1489?); old stained glass; a candelabrum with seven
branches, adorned with reliefs of the 14th cent.; and a font of 1376.
— The "^Rathaus (PI B, C, 3), in the market-place, a late-Gothic
brick building of the 15th cent., was remodelled in 1607-10. On
the imposing S. gable (restored in 1905) is seen the device of the
Hanseatic League, an oblique iron rod, supported by a shorter one.
— To the ]Nr. is the Hans Lienau (PL 4; B, 2), containing collec-
tions of art and natural history (open free on Sun., 11-1). Still
farther to the N. are the Gothic Protestant Church (PL B, 2) and
the Church of St. Nicholas (PL B, C, 2; 13-16th cent.).
A pleasant Promenade (known as the 'Halbe Stadt') stretches
to the N. of the Wilhelm-Platz. To the S. of the Platz is a sandstone
obelisk to the poet Ewald von Kleist (PL 7 ; B, 3), w^ho died here
of wounds received at the battle of Kunersdorf in 1759. Adjacent
is a bronze Statue of Prince Frederick Charles (1828-85; PL 11),
by linger. Farther to the S. is the 'Anger', on which stands the
Church of St. Gertrude (PL B, C, 4; 1875-79). At the end of the
Anger is the Karthaus-Bad (PL C, 5), 2^/2 M. beyond which is the
Buschmilhle (electric tramway to the Chausseehaus, PL C 6; rail.
Stat., see p. 373).
Along the right bank of the Oder, to the N. of the bridge, runs
the Oderdamm, on w^hich is the monument, erected in 1787, of
Leopold, Duke of Brunswick (PL 5; C, 1), who was drowned in
1785. About 2 M. to the S.E. of the bridge is Kleisfs Hohe (view-
tower).
370 Route 58. POSEN.
Frora Frankfort to Grossenhain (p. 174j, 94 M., railway in 4 hrs. ; to
Breslaii, see R. 59: to Fbersivalde , see p. 344; to CUstrin , see p. 351.
The Posen liue crosses the Oder. At (56 M.) Kunersdorf
Frederick the Great was defeated by the Russians and Austrians
in 1759. — 63 M. Reppen, junction for the line from Stettin to
Glogau and Breslau via Ctistrin (see p. 347).
From Reppex to Breslau. 137 M. . railway in 31/2- 5 hrs. — 35 M.
Botenburg Rail. Restaurant) is the junction for Gruben (p. 373) and Posen
(via Bentscben; see below). — 78 M. Glogau f^Deutschis Hans: Tschani-
Dierhof), a town on the Oder, with 24.000 inhab., the junction of a line
from Sagan to Lissa (p. 373). — 91 M. Baudten, the junction of a line
to Liegnitz (p. 373). — 137 M. Breslau (Freiburg Station), see p. 374.
97 M. Schwiebus (Hannssgen), with 9300 inhab.; 112 M. Bertt-
schenl^oi). 3900), junction for Gubeu (see above); 134^ ^ M. Opale-
nitza, junction of a branch-line to Grdtz (large breweries) and
Kosten (pop. 7000). — Several small stations.
158 M. Posen. — Hotels (no omnibuses at the station). Hot. de
Borne (PI. a; E. 3;, R. 3-8, B. IV4, D. 21/2-^ (in the beer-vaults l^UJC):
Mylius or Stadt Dresden (PL b ; E, 3), R. 21/2-6. B. I1/4, D. 3 c^; 3Ionopol
(PI. c ; D, 3) ; JoJins (PL e ; E, 3), R. IV^-S .#: Altes Deutsches Haus (PL f ;
D, 3), R. 13/4-21/2 ^^
Restaurants. Xormann, Berliner-Str. 20, D. IV2 ^ (wine); Andersch,
Golden ring. Alter Markt 50 & 45 (Hungarian wine ; cold viands) : Bibbeck.
Friedrich-Str. 23 U'ed wines): Mandel , Berliner-Str. 19, D. VU ^- -S'-^'"
■marck- Tunnel, Bismarck-Str. 4: Jletrojwie. Berliner-Str. 14, D. l-l^j^JC;
Hiltte , Wilheims-Platz 8: Lobing, Theater- Str. 5 (beer at these five).
Automatic Bestaurant, cor. of Berliner-Str. and Bismarck-Str. — Cafes.
Cafe Bristol, Tiergarten-Str. : Kaiser-Cafe, Cafe International, Berliner-
Str. 13 & 17; Manske. Wilhelms-Platz 14.
Electric Tramways through the main streets (comp. Plan).
Taximeter Cabs. For 1-2 pers. per 800 metres 50, each addit. 400 m.
10 pf. : 3-4 pers. by day or 1-2 pers. at night, 600 m. 50, each 300m. more
10 pf. ; 3-4 pers. at night 400 ra. 50, each 200 m. more 10 pf. Luggage over
221/2 and under 55 lbs. 25 pf.
Post & Telegraph Office (PL E, 3), Wilhelm-Str.
Theatre. Stadt- Theater Tl. E. 3;., Wilhelm-Platz, dramas and operas.
Pleasure Resorts. Zoological Garden (PL B, 3; : Schilling's, on the
Warthe, outside the Schillings-Tor (2 M.) ; Eichwald, 31/2 M. to the S. (also
reached by railway); Apollo Variety Theatre (PL E, 4), Backer-Str. 17.
Posen J the capital of the province of that name, the head-
quarters of the 5th Army Corps, and a fortress of the first rank,
with 143,000 inhab. (about \ 0 German, and ^20 Jews), and a gar-
rison of 7000 men, lies at the confluence of the Cyhina and Warthe.
It is one of the most ancient Polish towns, having been the seat of
a bishop from the end of the 10th cent, and the residence of the
Kings of Poland down to 1296. The older part of the town, com-
prising the Alte Markt and the adjoining streets, owes its origin to
the immigration of Grermans in 1253, and it early achieved im-
portance as a trading centre with the East. The new part of the
town, forming a striking contrast with the older and poorer quar-
ters, has been erected since it became Prussian in 1793. The ram-
parts to the W. of the Warthe were removed in 1907-8.
Geograph. Install toti
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POSEN. 5^. JRonte. 371
To tlie N. of tlic Main Railway Station (PL C, 4, 5) and on
the W. side of tlie town are several large new buildings, such as
the Boyal Palace (PL D, 3), a Romanesque structure by Schwechten
(1907); the new Theatre; the Royal Academy (PL C, 3); the
buildings of the Fosen Agricidtaral Loan Society (PL 10; D, 3)
and the Postal Administration ; and that of the Colonization
Commission (Ansiedlungs - Kommission), to the N. of the Palace.
Following the Victoria-8tr. and the Berliner-Str. from the Palace,
we reach the AYilhelm-Platz (PL E, 3), which is bounded on the
W. by the Stadt-Theater. At the corner of the Wilhelm-Str. is the
RaczynsJci Library (PL 16; E, 3), containing 70,000 vols, (many
of Polish history; open daily, 5-8). Opposite is d Statue of Fred-
erick III. (PL Fr.).
At rio^ht ano^les to the Wilhelm-Platz runs the broad Wilhelm-
Strasse (PL E, 3). Here, at the corner of the Neue-Str., stands the
Emperor Frederick Museum (PL E, 3; 1903), which is open
free 10-2, on Sun. 11-2; closed onMon.). Catalogue 20 pf. Director,
Prof. Ksem merer.
The basement (staircase on the farther side of the court) contains
the Collection of Natural History.
The ground - floor contains Prehistoric Aktiquities and Casts
(right).
First Floor. We ascend to the left from the entrance, and then turn
to the right into the Department of History and Industrial Art, which
includes Guild insignia, objects of the Jewish cult, Polish coins, furni-
ture, plaquettes, works in the precious metals, ceramic ware, and glass
from E. Asia. — At the end of the room, to the left, is the Raczynski
Collection of Pictures (catalogue 50 pf.). Room XI. To the left, 30.
Quinten Matsys , Madonna; *33. Castilian School of the loth Cejit.,
Crucifixion; 7. Borgognone, Madonna with SS. Christopher and Greorge ;
13. Bellini (Catena?), Madonna, with saints; 4. Francia, SS. Dominic
and Proculus ; *5. Girolamo da Sermoneta, Descent from the Cross.
Room XII. To the left, Zurbaran, *8. Judith, *11. Madonna adored
by monks ; 166. Canaletto, Election of King Stanislaus Poniatowski ;
Snydcrs, Boar-hunt. Room XIII. To the left, 110. Arij Scheffer, Gcetz von
Berlichingen and his wife ; 89. L. Robert, Reapers ; above, 48. Bocklin,
Mary Magdalen ; 93. Delaroche, Pilgrims in Rome ; 84. Menzel, Frederick
the Great and Gen. Fouc[uet; 101. A. Achenbach, Norwegian landscape;
90. Preller, Nausicaa and Ulysses. Cabinet XIV. To the left, 109. Ver-
boeckhouen, At pasture; 96. Thomas Hildebrand, Sons of Edward YSf.
Cabinet XV. To the right, 51. Steinle, Visitation; 44. Fuhrich, Triumph
of Christ; above, 47. Overbeclc , Marriage of the Virgin; 58. 31. von
Schwind, Father Rhine; 24. Cornelius, Christ in Hades. Cabinet XVI.
Water-colours and Drawings. — The rooms on the other side of the court
contain Sculptures and Modern Paintings by Thoma, Leistikow, Slevogt,
Brandenburg, Ziegler, Monet, Zidoaga, and others. The East Hall and
the adjoining rooms are devoted to periodical exhibitions.
Farther on are various public buildings. On the N". the street
ends at the Military Headquarters (PI. E, 2), in front of which
is a War Monument for 1870-71, with a statue of William I., by
Barwald (1889). — At the S. end of the Wilhelm-Str., in the church-
yard of St. Martinis Church (PL E, 4), is a monument to the Polish
poet Mickiewicz (d. 1855), who is buried at Cracow. — In the
37*2 lionie 58. POSEX.
Ritter-Str.. to tlie W., is the Emperor William Library (Pl.E, 3),
opened in 1902 a60.000 vols...
In the Xeue-Str. is the Franciscan Church (PI. 4; E, F, 3j,
to the X. of which, on the Schlossberg, rises the Old Palace^ with
the Provincial Archives PI. 18: E, F. 3).
In the Alte Maekt (PL F, 3i. to the E. of the Wilhelm-Platz,
is the Rathaus (PL F, 3), originally a Gothic edifice, but rebuilt
in the Renaissance style after a fire in 1536 by G. B. di Quadro
(1550-55), an Italian architect. The slender tower (214 ft. high),
restored in 1783. commands an extensive view. In front of the Rat-
haus are a Pillory of 1535 and a Fountain of 1766. — To the
N.E. of the Rathaus is the Dominican Church (PL 3; F, 3), with
a brass by Peter Vischer ('1488).
The suburbs of Posen on the right bank of the ^Varthe are called
the Wallischei (V\. G. 3) and Schrodka (PL H, 2i. and are inhabited
mainly by Poles of the poorer classes. Beyond the canal, to the
N.E., is the quiet and spacious square Am Dom, in which stand the
Cathedral and the Church of St. Mary (PL H, 2), the latter a
small Gothic building of 1444. The Cathedral (PL H, 2), rebuilt
in 1775-89. is architecturally uninteresting, but it contains several
treasures of art i verger, Am Dom 2).
On four pillars are four "^Brasses of the 15th cent., including that
of the voivode, or governor. Gorka (d. 1475), Monuments of bishops. In
the so-called Golden Chapel is the fine gilded bronze group of the first
two Christian Polish kings, by Ranch (1837). Several other interesting
tombs and monuments.
The Museum of Count Mielczynski (PL 11: D, 3j and the col-
lections of the Gesellschaft der Freunde der Wissenschaft, a Polish
society, occupy the same building i Viktoria-Str. 26): they include
prehistoric antiquities , paintings ('of little value and doubtful
authenticity), portraits of eminent Poles, a library, and coins (open
daily, 9-1, 50 pf.; Sun., 12-5, 10 pf i.
Fort Winiary or the Kerniverk (V\. F, 1), 1^2 ^^- fi'^iii ^^^
Wilhelm-Platz. affords the best survey of the environs; tickets
obtained at the 'Kommandantur' (PL 9; E, 3j, 12-1 (50 pf.).
From Posen to Stargard and Stettin, see p. 317 : to Schneideniuhl
and Belgard, see p. 348.
From Posex to TnoRy. 871/2 M., railwav in 2-3i/o hrs. (fares 10 JC 80.
6 c.^ 80. 4 .4( 40 pf. : express 11 ,.4C 80. 7 t^ 80, 4 ^ 90 pf.). — Principal
station (31 M.) Gnesen, Pol. Gniezno rHdnsch's, R. 21/4-3, D. l^/^ J^;
Schubert: Hot. du Xord : Bait. Bestaurantj . the most ancient place in
Poland. Pop. 23,700. Among the ten churches is the interesting Cathedral,
founded in the 9th cent,, but dating in its present form mainly from 1760-90,
with fine bronze doors of the 12th cent., the tomb of St. "Adalbert, the
first preacher of the Gospel in Prussia (d. 997 ; comp, p. 367). and some
good church-plate of the 15-18th cent, (verger, Kollegiaten-Str. 3). The
town has been the seat of an archbishop since the year 1000, and the Kings
of Poland were crowned here down to 1300. It is the junction for a line
to Gels and Breslau ('p. 374 . — We then pass several small stations and
cross the Netze. — 66 M. Hohensalza ^Steineck, R, 2-3, D. 11/2-2 c^:
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BUNZLAU. rj9. Route. 373
Bahnhofs-Hotel), a town with 21,600 inliab., extensive .salt-works, and a
brisk trade. A branch (271/2 M. , in 1 hr.) diverges here for Bromberg
(p. 359). — 87V2 M. Thorn, see p. 859.
From Posen to Bkeslau, 102 M., in .S-1 lirs. From (43 M.) Lissa
(Kaiserhof), an industrial town with 16,000 inhab., a branch-line diverges
to Glogau (p. 370) and Sagan (see below). — Breslau, see p. 371.
59. Prom Berlin to Breslau via Frankfort
on the Oder and Sagan or Kohlfurt.
201 or 221 M. Railway in 5-IOV2 hrs. (express fares 27 JC 60, 17 t.^ 70,
11 JC 20 pf. ; ordinary 25 .S 60, 15 JC 70, 10 JC 20 pf.).
From Berlin to (50 M.) FranJcforf on the Oder, see R. 58. —
52 M. Buschmuhle (p. 369). Beyond (57 M.) Finkenheerd we cross
the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Kanal, connecting the Spree and the Oder.
81 M. Guben (Blauer Fngel; Liehv^s; Rail. Best aiir ant),
with 37,000 inhab., the junction for Cottbus (p. 382), pleasantly
situated on the Neisse, has extensive cloth and hat factories.
From Ouben to Bentschen (for Fosen, see p. 370), 61 M., railway
in 1=^4-3 hrs.
Beyond Gruben the line crosses the Neisse. — 98 M. Sommer-
feld (Dentsches Hans), a cloth-manufacturing town (12,300 inhab.).
The (shorter) route via Sagan diverges here from that via Kohl-
furt, rejoining it again at Arnsdorf (comp. below). — 118 M. (from
Berlin) Sagan (Weisser Lowe, K. 1^/4-21/2 ^ ,' Deatsches Haus),
a busy little tow^n with 14,200 inhab., the capital of the princi-
pality of the same name (now belonging to the Duke of Sagan and
Yalengay). — 158 M. Arnsdorf, and thence to (204 M.) Breslau,
see below^
Route via KoHLFrRT. — 114 M. Sorau (Goldener Stern;
Brose), a manufacturing place (16,400 inhab.; U. S. consular agent,
W. B. Murphy), the junction of the line to Halle and Leipzig, via
Cottbus (p. 382). — 119^2 M. Hansdorf is the junction for Glogau
(p. 370) and Lissa (see above).
139 M. Kohlfurt (* Bail. Bestaurant, D. V/2^)y the junction
of lines to Gorlitz (p. 384), Rosslau (p. 254), and Glatz (R. 66).
The line crosses the Queis and the Bober. — 155 M. Bunzlau
(Kronprinz von Freussen, R. 21/4-3, D. Vj^-^^JC ; Filrst Bliicher),
with 15,000 inhab., is famous for its browai pottery. In the market-
place is the Bathaus, with a portal of the 16th century. In front
of the Gymnasium is a monument to Martin Opitz, the poet (d. 1639),
born here in 1597. ~ 178 M. Arnsdorf, junction for the line from
Frankfort via Sagan (see above).
183 M. Liegnitz. — Hotels. Rautenkranz (PI. a; B, 3), R. from
2 c^, good; Prmz Heinrich (PI. b; B, 3); Reichshof (PL c; C, 1),
R. 13/4-21/0, D. IV2-2V2 ^; Union (PI. d; C, 2), R. IV2-3, D. IV2-2 Ji;
Vater's (PI. e; C, 1), R. 13/^.3 .S; Goldene Krone (Pl. f; B, 2).
374 ^ouie 59. LIEGXITZ.
Restaueaxts. Hdhn^l. Friedrich-Platz 8 . D. l^j^^JC: Schiesshaus
(PI. C. D, 4) : Batskeller, in the Rathaus (see below) ; Adler, Schulz-Volker,
Am Ring (wine at these two): Automatic Restaurant, Am Ring 5. —
Cafe MonopoJ. Am Ring.
Post & Telegraph Office 'PL C, 1), Piasten-Str. 1.
Cabs. Per drive. 1 pers. 50, 2 pers. 60 pf . ; at night (10.30-7) 1, I1/4 JC.
Luggage free. — Electric Tramways.
LiegnifZj at the confluence of the Kafzhach and Schwarz-
wasser, with 60.000 inliab., was the capital of the duchy of Liegnitz
from 1164 to 1675. The Schloss rPL B, 2), near the station, rebuilt
since 1835. contains the government-offices: the principal portal
(1533; shows the influence of the Flemish Eenaissance style. The
two brick towers, the round Hedwigs-Turm and the octagonal
Peters-Tunn, date from the 15th century. The Roman Catholic
Church of St. John (PL B, 2). a baroque structure of 1720, contains
monuments of the princes of the ancient Polish Piast dynasty, which
became extinct in 1675. Xearly opposite the church is the imposing
Eitfer-Akademie (PL B, 2, 3^ founded by Emp. Joseph I. (1726).
In the Ring, which is adorned with two fountains, stand the
Bathaus /PL 1. B 3; Ratskeller on the groundfloor), built in 1737-
41, and the Theatre. — On the S. the Ring is bounded by the
Protestant Church of SS. Peter and Paul (PL B, 3, 4; sexton,
Peter-Paul-Platz 6) dating from 1333-90, and restored in 1892-94;
a chapel in the S. aisle contains a bronze font (14th cent.). In the
spacious Friedrichs-Platz 'PL B. 3} is a bronze Statue of Frederick
the Great, by Schadow.
The old fortifications have been converted into promenades (with
a statue of Emp. William I. : PL C, 2), and to the S. and S.E. of
the town are tastefully laid out pleasure-grounds.
From Liegnitz to Baudten. see p. 370; to Konigszelt, see R. 67.
Another line runs to (38 M.) Merzdorf (p. 387).
Beyond Liegnitz the Breslau train crosses the Kafzhach {p. 406).
On a heiorht to the left is a column commemoratino^ a victorv of
Frederick the Great over Loudon (1760i. Farther on lies the Ku-
nitzer See. — 215 M. Deutsch-Lissa.
At Leuthen, 31.2 M. to the W., Frederick the Great with 33,0000
Prussians defeated 82.000 Austrians nnder Prince Charles of Lorraine in
1757. On the evening of the same day Frederick surprised a number of
Austrian officers in the chateau of Lissa (to the left of the station ; not
visible from the train) with the enquiry. "^Good evening, gentlemen I
Any room for me here?'
The train now crosses the Weistritz.
224 M. Breslau (Central Station).
60. Breslau.
Railway stations. 1. Central Station {Ober-Schlesischer Bahnhof :
PL E. 4. 5. //; tramway Xos. 3, 7). for the Upper Silesian. Berlin, Posen,
Glatz, and Zobten railways, and for Gels and Kattowitz. — 2. Xieder-
schleslsch-Markisch Station (PI. C. 3. //; tramway No. 7), for the suburban
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Practical Notes. BRESLAU. 60. Route. 375
trains to Dcutsoh-Lissa. — 3. Freiburg Station (PL C 3, II; adjoining the
preceding; tramway Nos. 7, 11, 12), for the Freiburg-Schweidnitz and
Reppen lines. — 4. Oder-Tor Station (PI. D, 1, /; tramway Nos. 4, 12),
to the N. of the town, for Trebnitz, Oels, Gnesen, Upper Silesia, etc.
Hotels. Near the Central Station: *Vier Jahreszeiten (PI. q,
D 4; //), Garten-Str. 66, R. 21/2-7, B. 1, D. 2-5 JC ; *H6tel du Nokd
(PL e, E 4; //), Garten-Str. 100, R. 21/2-6, B. IV4, D. 2-3 JC; *Hohen-
ZOLLEKNHOF (PL r, E 4 ; //), R. 2-4, B. 1 JC; Kaiserhof (PL d, E 4; 77),
R. 2-6, D. 2 JC; Royal (PL n, E 4; 77), R. 2-5 JC (no restaurant). —
To the S. of the inner town: *Monopol (PL a, D 4; 77), Wall-Str. 7a,
R. from 21/2, B. IV4, D. 3-5.^; *Residenz (PL p, D 4; 77), Taiienteien-
Platz 16, R. 3-5, B. 1 JC, with cafe but no restaurant ; Bayrischer Hof
(PL g, D 4 ; 77) ; Savoy (PL h, D 4 ; 77), R. 21/2-0, B. \ JC. — In the Inner
Town: *Deutsches Haus (PL i, E 3 ; 77), Albrecht-Str. 22, R. 21/2-6, B.
1 JC, with a very fair restaurant (see below); *Weisser Adler (PL c,
E 3; 77), Ohlauer-Str. 10; *Goldene Gans (PL b, D 3 ; 77), R. 21/2-51/2,
D. 2-31/2 JC; Hotel de Silesie (PL f , E 3 ; 77), R. from 21/2 JC. — At
the Freiburg Station (PL C, 3 ; 77) : Deutsche Krone.
Restaurants. ^Monopol, *Vier Jahreszeiten, see above; Hansen,
Schweidnitzer-Str. 16, D. (1-5 p.m.) 3 JC ; *Kempinslcl, Ohlauer-Str. 79;
Lange, Junkem-Str. 31 (wine at these five) ; Augustinerbrdu, Junkern-
Str. 37 ; Fr anziskaner Leistbrdu^T -^iWawtzian-^iY . 83, D. Vj^-Uj^JC; Pschorr-
brdit, Schweidnitzer-Str. 36, D. I1/4 JC ; Tucherbrdu, Ohlauer-Str. 75;
Konzerthaus, Garten-Str. 39; Kissling, Junkern-Str. 9; Schweidnitzer
Keller, below the Rathaus (p. 377); Automatic Restaurants, Am Ring,
Schweidnitzer-Str. 50, and Garten-Str. 57. There are several beer-gardens
on the so-called 'Biergarten-Strasse', or promenade between the Liebichs-
Hohe (PL E, 4; 77) and the Doniinikaner-Str. —Wine Rooms. Wuitek,
Ring 57, Hungarian wine ; Hiibner, Schuhbrucke 13 ; Bodega, Schweid-
nitzer-Str. 27 ; Selbstherr.
Caf6s. Residenz-Caf6, in the Residenz-Hotel (see above); Kaiser-
Wilhehn; Kaiserkrone , with garden, these two in the Schweidnitzer
Stadtgraben; Fahrig ; Goldene Krone. — Confectioners. Brunies,
Junkern-Str. 2 : Wende, Junkern-Str. 34 and Ohlauer-Str. 74.
Baths. River Baths: Riesenwcllenbad, An den Miihlen 4a (PL D,
2 ; 77) ; Kroll, Werder-Str. 13 (PL D, 2 ; 77) , with warm baths also ;
Kallenbach, Hinterbleiche 3 (PL E, 2; 77). — Ladies' Baths: An der
Matthiaskunst 4 (PL E, 3). — Hallen- Schwimmbad (PL D, E, 4; 77),
Zwinger-Str. 10.
Theatres. Stadt-Theater (PL D, 4; 77) ; Lobe-Theater (PL F, 3 ; 77),
for comedies and minor operas; Thalia- Theater (PL C, 3; 77); Schau-
spielhatcs (PL D, 4; 77). Variety performances at Liebich^s Etablisse merit
(PL D 4, 77; also summer-theatre) ; Victo7'ia Theatre (PL E, 2 ; 77). —
Circus (PL C, 4; 77), Luisen-Platz 5.
Concerts and Popular Resorts. Konzert-Haus (PL D, 4; 77);
Neue Borse (PL D, 3 ; 77) ; Liebichs-Hohe (PL E, 4 ; 77) ; Zoological Garden
(p. 381), etc. — Exhibition of Pictures. Bruno Richter, Schweidnitzer-
Str. 8 (entr. in the Schloss-Ohle, PL D 3, 77; 8-7, Sun. 11-2 ; free) ; Lichten-
berg Gallerij (p. 379) ; Museum (p. 379).
Post & Telegraph Office (PL E, 3 ; 77), Albrecht-Str. 26 (entr.
to telegraph department, Graben 36).
Taximeter Cabs (first class): 1-2 pers. per drive of 1000 metres
50, each 500 m. more 10 pf. ; 3-4 pers. per 750 metres 50, each 375 m.
more 10 pf. At night (after 11p.m.) 1-4 pers. per 500 metres 75 pf., for
every 250 m. more 10 pf.
Tram-ways. Konigs-Platz (PL D, 3 ; lyRing-Scheitriig. — Ohlauer-
Tor (PL F, 4, 5; I) -Riwg- Popelwitz. — 5ffre7^^e?^er-Tor-Central-Station-
Popelicitz. — Oder - Tor - Station (PL D, 1; I)-Sud-Park. — Kaiser-
Wilhehn-Platz (PL C, 6; lyB^ing-Oswitz Cemeteries (bey. PL D, 1; 7).
— Kaiser- Wilhelm- Platz-Uing- Schiesswerder (PL D, 1 ; 7). — Girdle
Line round the inner town, comp. Plan. — Grdbschen (PL A, 5; 7)-
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 24
376 Route 60. BRESLAU. History.
Scheitnig (PI. H. 2. 3 : 7. — 3IattMa8-Str. (PI. E, F, 1; 7)-Blucher-Platz-
Morgoiau (PL G, H. 5 : I j. — Bruder-Str. iPl. E, F, 4; lyRotkretscham
(PL H. 7: /). — Lohe-Str. (PL D, 5. 6 : lyYTeihuTg-Sution-Oswitz Cein-
eteries. — Oder-Tor- Station-YreihuTg-Stditioji-SM-Park (PL B, C, 7; I).
— ScTiiL-eidnitzer Stadtgraben (PL D. E. 4; I}- Kaiser- Wilkelm-Platz.
Steamboats. From behind the Sand-Briicke (PL E, 2 ; II) and the
Lessing-Brucke PL F. 3: //) to the Zoological Garden (10 pf.), Oder-
Schlos^schen. Schaffgotsch- Garten, and Wilhelmshafen (20 pf.) ; to the
Jungfern-See 'p. 381): to Ohlau ^p. 408) daily in 4 hrs. (80 pf.). From
the Konigs-Briicke TL D, 2; //) to Osifitz and Schwedenschayize (15 pf.);
to Jlasseb.citz '20 pf.).
U. S. Consul, Herman L. Spahr : vice-consul, B. Wackerow. —
British Vice-Consul, H. Humbert.
Chief Attractions fl day). Forenoon: Ring. Rathaus, St. Eliza-
beth's. Bliicher-PiaTz . Schweidnitzer- Str., Museum of Industrial Art,
Museum of Fine Arts. — Afternoon: Promenades (Liebichs-Hohe, Holtei-
Hohe,. "Cathedral. Zoological Garden, and Scheitnig (or Wilhelmshafen
or South Park^.
Breslau (390 ft.), the second city in Prussia, the capital of
Silesia and seat of government for the province, the headquarters
of the 6th Army Corps, the seat of a university and of a technical
college, and the residence of a Roman Catholic prince-bishop, with
470,000 inhab. (173,000 Rom. Cath., 20.000 Jews, 5950 soldiers),
lies in a fertile plain on both banks of the Oder, at the influx of
the Okie. The city consists of the Altstadt, the chief seat of
commerce, and of five suburbs.
Breslau, Lat. Wratislavia. Pol. Wraclaw, a town and episcopal see
as early as the year 1000, is of Slavonic origin, and with Silesia belonged
to Poland down to 1163. In 1242 it was refounded as a Crerman town
and became the capital of the Duchy of Breslau. On the extinction of
the dukes in 1335 it was annexed to Bohemia and became subject to the
emperors of the Luxemburg family, who took the city under their special
protection. At this period also Breslau received its architectural character.
The latest style of Gothic architecture, and that of the earliest Renaissance,
were zealously cultivated here. The finest Gothic church is the elegant
Church of St. Elizabeth . and the handsomest secular building in that
style is the Rathaus. Here, as in all Slavic and semi-Slavic countries,
the Renaissance gained ground at a remarkably early period. To the
Jesuit style the town is indebted for its imposing University.
In 1523 the citizens embraced the Reformation, and in 1527 they fell
under the Austrian supremacy. In 1741 Frederick the Great marched
into Silesia and took Breslau by surprise. In 1757 the town was again
occupied by the Austrians, but was re-captured by Frederick after the
battle of Leuthen (p. 374. In 1760 Tauentzien (p. 379) repelled an attack
by Loudon. In 1806-7 the town was besieged by Yandamme. who took
it and levelled the fortifications. In March, 1813, Breslau was the scene
of an enthusiastic rising against the French, on which occasion Frederick
William III. issued his famous appeal 'An mein Yolk".
Breslau is now one of the most important commercial and industrial
places in Germany. The principal manufactures are steam-engines, rail-
way-carriages, beer, liqueurs, and spirits. The staple commodities of
its trade are linen and cotton goods, iron-work, coal, glass-ware, oil,
mill-products, and sugar.
Promenades on the site of the fortifications, skirting the
broad moat, now enclose the greater part of the inner city. The
finest parts of these are the ZvAnger- Garten (PI. D, E, 4; //)
and, farther to the E., the modern belvedere called the Liehichs-
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Warner &r Debes .Leip^i^
Rathaus. BRESLAU. ^0. Route. 377
Hdhe (PI. E 4, II; restaurant; p. 375), which commands an ad-
mirable survey of the town and its environs. On the S. side of the
Liebichs-HOhe is the Gustav Freytag Ffmntain (1907), and at its
W. base is a bust of Schleiermacher (1768-1834), the theologian,
who was born at Breslau. — To the N.E. are the Goppert Monu-
ment (PI. E, 3; //) and the municipal Gymnastic Hall, with an
educational museum (open free on Wed. & Sat., 4-6). The Holtei-
Hohe (PI. E 3, II; with a bust of Holtei, the Silesian poet), at the
N.E. corner of the Promenades, affords an excellent view of the
cathedral and the Sandinsel as well as of the busy Oder. To the
W. is the Kaiserin-Augusta-Platz (PL E, 3; //), with the School
of Art.
Near the centre of the Altstadt is the Ring (PI. D, 3; //), orig-
inally the market-place, the four sides of which bear different
names. On the W. side is the house (No. 8) once occupied by the
Bohemian kings, built about 1500; the frescoes (1672) representing
the Emperor and the seven Electors were restored in 1865.
On the S.E. side rises the Gothic *Rathaus (PL D 3, II;
visitors apply at the messenger's room, on the groundfloor, to the
right; 20 pf.), a brick edifice with details in sandstone and archi-
tecturally the finest secular building of the later middle ages in E.
Prussia. It dates substantially from the end of the 15th cent., and
was judiciously restored in 1884-91. At the E. end is a huge and
elaborate gable, with a fine oriel to the left of it. The S. facade
is adorned with two narrow friezes of humorous figures and twelve
modern statues. To the left of the entrance to the Schweidnitzer
Keller (p. 375) is the small Bdrenbrunne7i, by Greyger (1904). On
the W. side is a tower with a Renaissance spire of 1565. The finest
apartment is the ^Filrstensaal (now the council-hall), with hand-
some vaulting, where from the 15th cent, downwards meetings of
the Silesian princes and estates were generally held. It has been
appropriately restored and adorned with portraits of princes and
burgomasters.
In the W. part of the ring rise the equestrian statues of Fred-
erick the Great (1847) and Frederick William III. (1861), both
by Kiss. — The Stadthaus^ to the "W. of the Rathaus, was com-
pleted in 1863 from Stiiler's designs. — To the E. of the Rathaus
is the Staupsdide or Pillorxj^ dating from 1492.
The neighbouring Bliicher-Platz is embellished with a bronze
""Btatue ofBlilcher (PL D, 3 ; //), by Ranch (1827). On the S. side
of the Platz is the Alte Borse (1824), now occupied by municipal
offices. — In the Ross-Markt (PL D, 3 ; //) stands the Municipal
Savings Bank ^ containing the Municipal Library (150,000 vols,
and 3600 MSS.) and the Civic Archives (both open free daily, 9-2).
The Protestant *Church of St. Elizabeth (PL D, 3 ; 7/), to
the N.W. of the Ring, founded about 1245 and largely rebuilt at the
24*
378 Route 60. BRESLAU. Industrial Museum.
end of the following century, has a tower 300 ft. in height (1452-56)
and three choirs (sacristan, An der Elisabeth-Kirche, IS'o. 1).
Interior. To the right and left of the high-altar are portraits of
Luther and Melanchthon by Crano.ch (156-4). Font east in bronze (end
of loth cent.) : fine late-Gothic stone ciborium of 1453. and late-Grothic
choir-stalls. Some of the chapels contain good wood-carving and winged
altars (in the third chapel to the X. of the W. entrance is a Lady Altar
of the 15th century). The finest of the interesting old tombstones of
patrician families are those of the Councillor Rybisch (d. 1534) and of
the physician Crato von Craftheim (d. 1585). with a fine alabaster relief.
To the W. is the Church of St. Barbara (PI. D, 3; //), dating
from the beginning of the 15th century. — In the neighbouring
Konigs-Platz rise a bronze Statue of Bmnarck^ by Breuer (1900),
and a Bjsmarcl' Fountain^ by Seger (1905).
The Protestant Mary Magdalen Church (PI. E. 3: 77), to
the E. of the Ring, dates from the same early period. The late-
Romanesque S. portal, unfortunately much damaged, was trans-
ferred hither from the monastery of St. Vincent in 1529. The in-
terior contains a curious iron spiral staircase (ascending from the
altar: 1661), a font with a railing of 1576, and inlaid stalls of the
16th cent, (sacristan, Predigergasse 3).
The parsonage, opposite the S.E. side of the church, contains
an oriel window of 1496. Below is the so-called Dompnig Column^
Avith sculptures of 1491, erroneously connected with Burgomaster
Heinz Dompnig, who was executed in 1490.
The Axbrecht-Strasse (PI. E, 3; 77), which is terminated by
the fine pediment of aS'^ Adalbert's Church (13-14th cent.), con-
tains the Ober-Praesidium (left; Xo. 32\ originally a palace of
Prince Hatzfeld (18th cent.), and the handsome Post Office (right).
In the Xeumarkt i^Pl. E, 3; 77) is a fountain, with a figure of
Neptune, familiarly known as 'G-abel-Jiirge' (1723). — The Church
of St. Bernhardin (PI. E. 3: 77) dates from the 15th century.
At the end of the Schweibxitzer-Strasse (PI. D, 3, 4; 77) are
the Minorite Church or Church of St. Dorothea (1351), the
Theatre (PL D, 4; 77), the Military Headquarters^ and the
Church of Corpus Christi (14th cent.). An Equestrian Statue
of Emp. William I., bv Behrens. was erected in 1896 a little to
the S. — The Palais-Platz (PI. D, 3, 4; 77) or Drill Ground is
bounded by the Royal Palace and the Industrial Museum.
The Silesian Museum of Industrial Art and Antiqu-
ities (PI. D. 3: 77) occupies the old Standehaus or Hall of the
Estates (open free 10-2, Sun. 11-4: entr. Graupen-Str. 14).
Court axd Gardex. Architectural fragments and sculptures. —
BASEirEXT. Prehistoric relics, including a fine series found at Sacrau,
near Breslau. — Ground Floor. Guild insignia, costumes, views of
Breslau. musical instruments. — First Floor. Ecclesiastical furniture
(*Altar of St. Barbara, 1447: altar of St. Stanislaus, 1508). Objects of
mediaeval art (*St. Dorothea reliquary ; Hedwig goblets) ; furniture and
house-gear of the 16th cent. : ceramic, metal-work, and glass collection. —
Second Floor. Textiles: book-bindings; perodic exhibitions.
Art Museum. BRESLAU. f^O. Route. 379
Opposite the museum rises the Neue Borse (PL D, 3; 77), or
New Exchange^ built in the Gothic style by Liidecke (1864-67). —
Beyond the Stadtgraben rise the Law Cou7'ts (PI. D, 4; 77) and
the New Synagogue (PL D, 4; 77), a brick building in the Oriental
style, designed by Oppler.
A little to the W. is the ^Museum of Fine Arts (PLD,4; 77),
a brick building with an Ionic portico and a lofty dome, erected in
1875-80 from Rathey^s design. In front of the exterior staircase
is an Equestrian Statue of Emp. Frederick III., by Briitt (1901).
Adm. free, daily except Mon. and holidays, 10-2, 8un. 11-4.
First Floor. In the vestibule are bronze statues of Michael Angelo
and Diirer, by R. Hdrtel. To the left of the vestibule is the Permanent
Collection of the Silesian Art Union, with which is incorporated the
LiCHTENBERG PioTURE Gallery (10-1, Suu. 11-2 ; 1 JC) ; to the right that
of Engravings (30,000 plates ; incl. examples of Rembrandt and Diirer),
with photographs, modern etchings, and an extensive library.
The handsome staircase (Collection of Casts to the right, down the
steps), decorated with allegorical scenes by Prell, ascends hence to the —
Second Floor, which is devoted to the Picture Gallery (printed
catalogue 1 JC). Room I. To the left, 862, Schonleber, Morning in the Venice
lagoons; 788. Wdlfl, Court-house at Breslau ; Vo7i Angeli, 674. Moltke,
790. Empress Frederick, 791. Emp. Frederick; 830. Steff'eck, Queen Louisa
and her sons ; 789. Scholtz, Muster of the volunteers ; 665. 0. Begas,
Frederick the Great in the chapel at Charlottenburg; 667. Lenhach, Bis-
marck. — Room II. 851. Wejiglein, The Isar; 921. Modersohn, Storm on
the Teufels-Moor ; 937. Volkmann, Evening sun; 879. Hamacher, Land-
scape; 919. Von Bartels, Fisherman's wife; 931. Kalckreiith, Beginning
of life. — Room III. 700. Dressier, Silvan peace ; 867. Vautier, Forsaken ;
903. A. von Werner, Crown Prince at a court ball (1878) ; 732. Kreyher,
Holtei the poet; 784. Harrach, Arrest of Luther; 722. Kroener, Winter-
scene; 827. K. Becker, Othello. — Room IV. 771, 772. Anna Storch,
Flowers; 876. Preller, Diana and Actseon; 775. Glide, Coast of Riigen;
668. Calame, Woodland stream. — Rooms V, VI, & VII. Older masters,
including 12 examples by Platzer (1702-60) and 22 by the prolific Will-
')nann (1629-1706), who worked in the style of Rembrandt. — Room VIII.
(Corridor). A. Pesne, Frederick the Great and his wife. — Room XII.
786. 0. Achenbach, Palace of Queen Joanna at Naples ; Dressier, Land-
scapes. — Room XIII. 770. Dressier, Silvan solitude; 838. Firle, House
of mourning; 837. Zilgel, Spring-sunshine (with flock of sheep); 828.
Rochling, Storming of the Castle of Gaisberg; 909. Morgenstern, Winter
landscape ; on the side-wall, A. von Werner, Cartoons for the mosaic
frieze on the Column of Victory at Berlin. — Room XIV. A. Volkmann,
Statue of the young Bacchus; 928. Feuerbach, Medea; 930. Erler, Soli-
tude. — Room XV. 925. Linke, The Ziegenriicken in the Giant Mts. ;
902. Von Gebhardt, Healing of the man with the palsy; 678. Menzel,
The Silesian Estates vowing fealty; 887. Defi^egger, Peeling apples; 943.
Leibl, Blind peasant; 698. A. von Werner, King William at the grave of
his parents ; 756. Kalckreiith, Finsteraarhorn ; 836. G. Max, Tannhauser. —
Room XVI. Bocklin, 753. Sanctuary of Hercules, 765. Attack of pirates,
915. Lute-player; 878. Thoma, Love's vigil; 916. Lenbach, Portrait of
Bocklin; 954. Speyer, The Magi.
In the Tauentzien-Platz (PI. D, 4; II) stands the Tauentzien
Momcrneut, designed by Langhans, the medallion by Schadow,
and erected to General Tauentzien (d. 1791), the gallant defender
of Breslau in 1760 (p. 376). — To the S.E., in the Garten -Strasse
(No. 74), is the Landeshaus or Provincial Diet (PI. D, 4 ; //).
380 -Koz^te 60. BRESLAU. Satid-Kirche.
A bronze Statue of Moltke, by rclitritz, was erected in 1899
at the intersection of the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Str. and the Augusta-Str.
(PL C, D, 5; /); IV2 ^- ^o the S. of this is the South Park (Sud-
park;n. B, C, 7,/).
A memorial tablet on the house Xo. 22 in the Schmiedebriicke,
a street running to the X. of the Ring, records that Baron vom Stein,
the orreat statesman and reformer of Prussia after its overthrow bv
Xapoleon. resided here at one of the most eventful epochs in the
history of Prussia (Feb. and March, I813i. Farther on is the
University ^Pl. D, E, 2 ; // ), which was transferred from Frankfort
on the Oder to Breslau in 1811, and united with a Jesuit College,
the buildings of which it now occupies (2000 students). The large
Aula and the small Aula are lavishly adorned in the baroque style.
To the S. is the Fechterhrunnen , a tasteful fountain by Lederer
(1904;. — To the E. of the University are an Ursuline Convent
(1701), St. Vincent's Church (14- 15th cent.; with the tomb of
Duke Henry 11. . p. 406), and the District Supreme Co^irts, form-
erly a Prsemonstrateusian abbey.
Beyond the Saad-Briicke t PI. E, 2 ; 11), on the Saxd-Iijsel, is the
University Library (PI. E, 2 ; //), comprising 350,000 vols., 3700
MSS., and 3860 incunabula; it is established in an old Augustine
Abbey (adm. on week-days 9-2 & 4-7, Sat. 9-2;. The same building
contains the Archaeolog iced Museum, with a collection of casts.
The adjoining Sand - Kirche (PL E 2, //; sacristan, Xeue
Sand-Str. 6;. or Church of our Lady on the Sand, erected ca.
1350-70. is a well-proportioned structure with polygonal apse and
fine groined vaulting. Above the door of the sacristy (right aisle)
is a relief of the early 13th cent, representing the foundation of
the original church.
The Kreuz- Kirche PL E 2. //; sacristan, Dom-Str. 6), on
the right bank of the Oder, a handsome brick edifice consecrated
in 1295 and completed about 1350. contains a large crypt (St. Bar-
tholomew's), and the *Tomb of Duke Henry IV. of Silesia (d. 1290),
in painted limestone, in front of the high-altar.
The ^Cathedral of St. John the Baptist (PL E 2, //; sexton,
Dom-Platz 2), flanked with two series of chapels, dates in its pre-
sent form mainly from the 14th century. It has no transept. The
W. vestibule dates from the 15th. and the choir from the middle of
the 13th century.
INTERIOR. At the end of the S. aisle is the sumptuously -decorated
chapel of Cardinal Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1682), with the
tomb of the founder by Guidi and a statue of St. Elizabeth by Floretti
(1700). — The adjacent'chapel of the Virgin contains the *Brass of Bishop
John V. (d. 1506;, cast by P. Yischer of Xuremberg, the bishop in high
relief, surrounded by the six patron saints of the country. Marble sarco-
phagus of Bishop Pogarell (d. 1376). Monument of Duke Christian of
Holstein. who fell in a battle with the Turks at Salankemen in 1691
(reliefs of battles, Turks as Atlantes or supporters). The N. Electoral
Environs. BRESLAU. ^0. Route. 381
Chapel contains the monument of Count-Palatine Franz Ludwig, Elector
of Mayence and Prince-Bishop of Brcslau, with statues of Moses and Aaron,
1727. Numerous other monuments of bishops and canons, including some
good brasses, and several paintings by Willinann (p. 379). — Above the
sacristy (right aisle) is the Treasury (adm. I'/u tS, 2 or more pors. 1 Jt'
each), containing the so-called *'Madonna under pines', ascribed to Cranach
the Elder (?). — In tlie Chapel of San Carlo Borromeo is a Madonna
painted on parchment (15th cent). Opposite, on the wall of the choir,
Christ with the disciples at Emmaus, ascribed to Veronese (?).
Opposite the cathedral, to the S., lies the little Church of
St. JEgidius (PL F, 2; //), the oldest edifice in Breslau (early
13th cent), with a late-Romanesque portal. The mediaeval Chapter
House, adjacent, contains i\ie Diocesan Archives (curious muniment-
chest of 1455), the Cathedral Library, and the Diocesan Museum
(open free, Tues. & Frid. , 10-12; at other times 50 pf.; entr.,
GrOppert-Str. 12). In the Goppert-Str. (No. 6) is the Botanical
Garden (PI. F 2, //; open free daily 7-12 & 2-6, for strangers on
Sun. also), which contains a Botanical Museum (Wed., 3-5) and (in
the N. part of the garden) a Zoological Museum (open free, Wed.
2-4, Sun. 11-1). — The Zoological Garden (PI. G, H, 3, 4, I;
concerts in summer on Sun., Wed., & Frid.; good restaurant), taste-
fully laid out, lies beyond the barrier, ^j^ M. distant (steamer and
tramway, see p. 376). — To the W. of the Zoo is the new Technical
College (PL G, 3; /).
Environs. Scheitnig , on the right bank of the Oder, with a park
(PI. H, 2, 3, /; restaurant), and numerous country-houses (tramway, see
pp. 375, 376) ; Oder-Schlosschen (restaurant), also on the right bank, IV2 M.
from the Zoological Garden; Wilhelmshafen (restaurant), IV2 ^- farther
on (steamer, see p. 376); Morgenau (restaurant), on the left bank; Zedlitz,
opposite the Oder-Schlosschen ; Pdpelivitz, to the W. of the Nicolai-Tor,
with pleasant garden (beautiful oaks) ; the idyllic Jungfer7isee, to the
S.E. (occasional steamer on Sun.), etc.
From Breslau to Schweidnitz , 38 M. , railway in 2 hrs. — 23 M.
Zobten am Berge (Blauer Hirsch), a favourite summer-resort, whence we
may ascend (13/^ hr.) the *Zobten (2215 ft. ; inn), the finest point of view
in Silesia. Down to 1819 the hill belonged to an Augustine monastery
founded here in 1110. Best view from the tower of the church. — 38 M.
Schtceidnitz, see p. 406.
61. Prom Berlin to Gorlitz and Zittau.
Railway to (129 M.) Gorlitz in 31/2-0 hrs. (16 .^ 20, 9 ^^ 80, 6 .^ 50 pf.).
Thence to (20 M.) Zittau in 1 hr. (1 t^ 70, 1 c^ 15 pf. ; no first class).
Berlin, see p. 1. — 17^/2 M. Konigs-Wusterhausen, with a royal
shooting -lodge, containing numerous relics of Fred. William I.,
whose famous 'Tobacco Parliament' (^Tabagie') was held here (see
Baedeker's Berlin). — 31 M. Halhe (Post). Beyond (371/2 M.)
Brand begins the JSj^Teewald, which the line skirts.
48 M. Liubben (Stadt Berlin; Goldener Stern), a town with
7200 inhab., surrounded by four arms of the Spree, is the best
starting-point for a visit to the Lower Spreewald. — A light rail-
way runs hence to Cottbus (p. 382), via Burg (p. 382).
382 ^onte 61. COTTBUS. From Berlin
The most convenient plan (one day) is to proceed by boat or by car-
riage to Schlepzig (Unterspreewald Inn, R. IV2-2, D- 1 JC)^ thence go on
by boat to (2 hrs.; Gross- Wasserhiiry (inn), and return on foot direct to
(11/2 br.) Liibben. See Baedekers Berlin.
5372^- Liihhenau (Brauner Hirscli, Deutsches Hans, E. 1 Y2-IV41
D. 1^ 2 'JCk with a chateau of Count Lynar 1 branch-line to Kamenz
and Arnsdorf. see p. 400). — 6*2 M. Vetschau iStadt Vetschau).
The Spree"wald is a wooded and marshy district, about 37 M. in length
and ^^-^V'i ^i- i^ width, intersected by a network of upwards of two
hundred branches of the Spree. In natural beauty the Lower Spreeicald
(p. 381). below Lubben, has the advantage in virtue of its wide ex-
panses of deciduous trees. In the Upper Spreeicald, to the S.E. of Liib-
benau. no woods of any size are to be found except in the X. ; the W. is
a region of flat pasture-land, while the S.E. (Burg), which is fairly well
populated" and has nearly all been brought under the plough, has more
the general appearance of a well-wooded park. Xursery -gardening, cattle-
rearing, and fishing are the principal industries of the Wendish popula-
tion, which has here retained its original dialect and customs. The women
still wear a peculiar costume. The villages of Lehde and Leipe, in the
pastoral region, are accessible only by water or, in winter, over the ice.
In the district of Burg the widely scattered wooden farm-houses may
be reached on foot, but many water-channels have to be crossed by curi-
ously built bridges.
A visit to the Upper Spreewald is both more convenient and more
interesting than that to the Lower Spreewald. though in summer the gnats
are very troublesome. The usual boating-trip from Liibbenau to Lehde,
the foresters" houses of Kannonmilhle and Eiche , Leipe, etc., and back
to Liibbenau takes 5 hrs. (fatiguing). An idea of the curious local re-
sidential and domestic arrangements may, however, be obtained by a
visit to Lehde (Hecht, R. l^U-'2^j^ ^€), the 'Venice of the Spreewald".
The church oi Burg (two inns: railway, see p. 381) is thronged on Sun.
mornings by a singularly picturesque congregation. For details, see
Baedeker's 'Berlin.
72 X. Cottbus (Kaiser- Adler, R. 2-2^;^, B. 3/^, D. 1^1^-2 JC,
very fair; Ansorge ; Weisses Ross: Rail. Restaurant), a busy
town on the Spree, with 46,300 inhab., the junction for Dresden
(via Grosseuhain; p. 174) and Guben i^see p. 373). contains con-
siderable wool, linen, and yarn factories. The chateau of Branitz,
a seat of the late Prince Piickler (see below), with a fine park and
garden, lies 2 M. to the S.E.
95 M. Sprernherg (Sonne), a cloth-making town with 11.200 in-
habitants. — From (97\/2M.) Weisswasseri^ilh. large glass-works)
a branch-line runs to (5 M.) Muskait (Rolke), with a beautiful park,
laid out by Prince Piickler (d. 1871), and the small baths of Her-
rnannshad. and thence on to (31 M.) Somrnerfeld (p. 373).
116^ o M. Horka. on the line from Kohlfurt to Rosslau (see
p. 373;. "
129 M. Gorlitz. — Hotels. At the Station: Vier Jahreszeiten
(PI. a; A, 3), R. 2i ,-4. B. 1. D. 21/2 -^ : HohenzoUern-Eof {V\. b ; A, 3);
Habsburger Hof : Sfadt Dresden fPl. c: A. 3> R. 13/4-2V2, D- IV2-2 J^,
well spoken of; Kaiserhof (PI. i; A, 3); Storz (PI. d: A, 3). — In the
Town: Strauss (PI. f : B. 2;, Marien-Platz 4. R. 13/^-3. D. 21/4 JC, good;
Prinz Friedrich Karl (PI. g; B. 3): Konig Wilhelm (PI. h; B, 3).
Restaurants. Habsburger Hof (see above;, D. l^UJC; Kulmbacher
A
I AimenkapeUe
3 Fimientzirm
hEaisertTnOz B2 v,
% JikolaituTyn CI -:
8 ^Tlhelmtheater B2 *-
Denkmaler: \
\ ^BofiTne D3 I
1 10 Denkmal vJOSH 3 ^
VLDendani B2 I
nGoethe B5 ;
r^mmOfoldt C3 , 1
i\J*XLFrie£LSarl^'a ^\
is>Roon B3 i
•^SdvOler B4 i
17 Steudner D3 I
18 WiUiebnl. B2 '
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to Zittau. G-ORLITZ. 61. Route. 383
Bierhallen, corner of the Jierliner-Str. aud Hospital-Str. ; Filsener Bier-
haus , Obermarkt 18; Ratskeller ; Falk , Demiani-Platz 9; Barschdorff',
at the Museum; Railway Restaurant, D. Vj^ JO; Weinberghaus (PI. A,
B, 6), Blockhaus (PI. B, 5), Aktien-Braue-rei (PI. B, 5), these three with
fine view; Automatic Restaurant, Berliner-Str. 1. — Wine Rooms. Voli-
land, Elisabeth-Str. 41 ; Neubaiier, Obermarkt 8. — Cafes. '^Wiener Cafe,
Post-Platz ; Hoheiizollern, Berliner-Str. 51. — Confectioner. HandschuJi,
Elisabeth-Str. 9.
Post & Telegraph Office (PI. B, 3), Post-Platz. — Theatres. Stadt-
Theater (PI. B, 2), Demiani-Platz (open from Oct. to May); Wilhelm-
Theater (PI. 8; B, 2).
Baths. Freise, Promenade 13 (PI. C, 4), with swimming basin ; Hoff-
mannsche Bade-Anstalt, Lindenwcg (PI. D, 2, 3). River Baths, see PI. D, 3.
Cabs. Per drive in the town, 60, 85 pf., 1 t/^ 10, 1 c^ 35 pf., for
1, 2, 3 or 4 pers. ; with two horses 85 pf., 1 JC 10, 1 JC 35, 1 Jl 60 pf. —
Per hour, 1 t^ 50, 1 ^^ 75, 2 <^, 2 ^ 50 pf. ; with two horses 1 ^^ 75, 2 JC,
2c/^50pf., S JC. — Electric Tramways traverse the main streets (fares
10-20 pf. ; comp. Plan).
Goi'litz (735 ft.) is a busy town with 84,000 inhab. and exten-
sive cloth and machinery factories, situated on the Neisse, and on
a very ancient commercial route to Poland. Fine Gothic churches,
handsome gateways, the Rathaus in the Altstadt, and a number of
dwelling-houses in the Renaissance style, dating from the 16th cent.
{e.g. in the Neisse - Strasse , the Briider-Strasse, and the Unter-
markt), all testify to the ancient importance of the town, while the
well-built modern quarters show that it is still prosperous.
Leaving the station (PI. A, 3, 4), we proceed straight through
the Berliner-Strasse to the (10 min.) Post-Platz (PL B, 2, 3), with
its pretty Fountain. — To the S. lies the Wilhelms-Platz (PL B, 3),
with a statue of Field-Marshal Boon (PL 15), by Pfuhl (1895).
Proceeding from the Post-Platz to the N., past the late-Gothic
Frauen-Kirche (PI. B, 2 ; erected in 1449-94), we reach the Marien-
Platz (PL B, 2), adorned with a Statue of Burgomaster Demiani
(d. 1846), by Schilling. The adjacent Frauen-Turm (PL 3) dates
from the end of the 14th century. Opposite is the Museum of
Natural History (PL B, 2; adm. in summer on Wed., 2.30-4.30,
Sun. 11-2.30, free; custodian on the groundfloor).
To the W. of the Marien-Platz is the Demiani-Platz (PL B, 2),
with the Theatre, a statue of the dramatist Moser (d. 1903), and
the Kaise7't7'utz (PL 5), a massive bastion of 1490, now used as a
guard-house. Adjacent is a War Monument^ with a pedestal bear-
ing the first cannon captured from the French in 1870, which was
taken at Weissenburg by soldiers of Gorlitz.
In the Obermarkt (PL B, 2) a bronze Monument to Emp.
William I. (PL 18), by Pfuhl, was erected in 1893. To the left
is the Trinity Church., or Kloster-Kirchej the choir of w^hich dates
from 1381, the nave from 1450 (sacristan, Kloster-Platz 21). It
contains a carved altar (1487) and a sandstone Pieta (1492), both
by Hans Olmiitzer.
A short distance hence, in the Untermarkt, which is partly
384 Boide 61. GORLITZ. From Berlin
enclosed by arcades, rises the *Itathaus (PL C, 2), erected in the
15-16th centuries. The flight of steps, with a statue of Justice on
a richly-sculptured column, the portal, and the adjacent balcony of
the year 1537 are fine specimens of the G-erman Renaissance style.
On the wall to the right of the steps are the armorial bearings of
Matthew Corvinus, King of Hungary (d. 1490;, under whose pro-
tection the town stood. The Magistrates' Room has a elaborate
doorway (1566 1 and the old Muniment Room has a fine wooden
ceiling (1568j. — The Xeisse-Strasse leads to the X.E. to the —
""Church ofSS. Peter and Paul (PL C, 1), erected in 1423-97
and partly rebuilt after a fire in 1691-96, one of the finest late-
Grothic edifices in E. G-ermany (sacristan, Bei der Peters-Kirche 9).
The towers (275 ft. high) were completed in 1889-91. The interior
has double aisles, borne by slender pillars. The sacristy and the
interesting crypt contain ecclesiastical antiquities.
A little to the X.W. is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre
(PL B, 1 1, an imitation of the 'Holy Sepulchre', constructed in 1489
(key at Heilige-&rab-Str. 79). — The Cemetery, to the X.E., con-
tains the grave of the mystic Jacob Bohrne (1575-1624), a native
of the district: in the new part rests Minna Herzlieh (d. 1865), the
original of Ottilie, in G-oethe's -Elective Affinities'.
The well-kept -Town Park 'PL C, D. 3) contains monuments
to Humboldt. Bohme (PL 9). and others, a botanical garden, and the
Stadthalle '1909). An avenue of lime-trees leads from the Porticus
(PL C, 3) to the Stcindehaus (PL C, 3), and past the Tivoli (restau-
rant) to the Blockhaus (PL B, 5). Fine *View from this point of
the Xeisse Viaduct (see below) and of the Iser Mts. and Giant Mts.
In front of it is a Statue of Prince Frederick Chai^les (d. 1885),
by Ochs. Promenades lead hence along both banks of the Xeisse,
passing under the railway-viaduct (see below) to the pretty Jdger-
icaldchen (PL C, 6; restaurant) on the right bank, and past the
Brewery to the Weinherge (PL A. B, 6: restaurant). — The new
Obeelausitzer G-edexkhalle (PL D, 4: 1902), on the right bank
of the Xeisse, contains the Kaiser Friedrich Museum, with paint-
ings, sculptures, antiquities, etc. (open dailv, except Mon., 10-1 &
3-6; in winter 10-3: on ^\^ed. & Frid. 50 pf.^
ExccRsioxs. The Landskrone (1378 ft.), a basaltic hill 41/2 M. to the
S.W., with a castellated inn on the top occupying the site of an ancient
robbers' stronghold, commands a fine view (tramway from Post-Platz,
20 pf.). — About 31/2 M. farther on are the Jauernilcer Berge. — The
Cistercian nunnery of St. Mariental in the pretty valley of the Keisse
lies 1/2 M. from the QV-> hr.) station of Rusdorf. — At Moys (rail, stat.,
p. 385 ; tramway), 2i 4 M. to the S.W. of Gorlitz. General von Winterfeldt
fell in 1757 in a battle against the Austrians.
Gorlitz is the junction for Kohlfurt (p. 373) and Dresden (p. 175),
for the 'Silesian Mountains Railway' CR. 62), and for a line to Reichen-
berg (see Baedekers Austria). The Kohlfurt and Silesian lines
cross the Xeisse-Tal by a Viaduct of 34 arches, 520 yds. in length
to Zittau. ZITTATJ. Gi. Route. 385
and 115 ft. in height. At Mays (p. 384), just beyond tlic viaduct,
the Silesian Mountains Railway diverges to the right. The Zittau
line diverges from that to Reichenberg at Nikrisch and leads via
Ostritz to (2OV2 M.) Zittau.
Zittau. — Hotels. *Reich8hof , Bahnhof -Str. , R. from 2, R. 1,
D. lV2-2t^; Hiltter's, near the station, R. 13/^-3, D. VU-2y., Ji, very fair;
SdchsischerHof, in the 'Neustadt' Platz, R. 1V2-'^, ^- ^U, D~VI^-2^€, g"0(l ;
Sonne, in the market-place; Goldene Weintraube, Balinhof-Str., R. Vl..-2vJ,
D. IV2-2V2 '^- ^ » /- u,
Restaurants. ^Eatskeller, in the Rathaus (wine) ; Hilbrig, Bautzencr-
Str. 4 (wine); Railway Restaurant ; Kleiner Patz, Markt 18; Post, Baut-
zener-Str. 6; in the park of Weinau (see below). — Cafe Reichspost,
opposite the S. side of the post-office.
Baths in the Stadt-Bad, with swimming-bath.
Post & Telegraph Office, on the Topferberg.
Cab from the station to the town or vice versa for 1 pers. 50 pf.,
2 pers. 75 pf. ; at night (11-5 or 10-6) half as much again. Carr. & pair to
the Oybin IOV2 ^ (whole day), to the Lausche 12 c^, to the Oybin, Jons-
dorf, & Lausche 15 M.
Electric Tramw^ay from the railway station through the town.
Zittau (800 ft.), a manufacturing town with 35,000 inhab., one
of the principal cotton -spinning places in Saxony, is situated in a
fertile district on the bank of the Mandau, near its confluence with
the Neisse. — The Bahnhof -Str. leads from the station to the
promenade surrounding the inner town, on the site of the former
fortifications. Opposite the Post Office rises the Johanneum^ con-
taining the gymnasium and the commercial school. The Bautzener-
Str. leads straight on, past the Church of St. John (re-erected in
1834-37) to the market-place, on the E. side of which is the hand-
some Rathaus^ of 1840-45. The fountain in the market-place, with
a figure of Roland (or Mars?), dates from 1585. From the Rathaus-
Platz, behind the Rathaus, we follow the Bruder-Str. to the church
of SS. Peter and Paul (12th cent.), part of which is fitted up as a
Museitm of Antiquities (open on Wed. & Sat., 2-4). — In the
Ottokar-Platz, to the N.E. of the church, is a bronze Statue of
Bismarck^ a little to the S. of which is a monument to the com-
poser Marschner (1795-1861), a native of Zittau. — To the N. of
the town lies the park of Weinau (restaurant) , with a statue of
King Albert of Saxony by Selbmann (1909).
From Zittau to the Oybin, 71/2 M., narrow-gauge railway in 1 hr.
(fares 1 t^ or 65 pf., return 1 t^ 35 or 85 pf.). — At Bertsdorf a branch
diverges to (8 M.) Jonsdorf. — From Oybin (1295 ft. ; Kurhaus , pens.
41/2 <^; restaurant opposite the station, with beds), the terminus, good
paths ascends to the castle in about 20 minutes. The *Oybiii (1686 ft.)
is a wooded sandstone rock, in sliape resembling a beehive, crowned
with the highly picturesque ruins of a monastery and a castle, curiously
combined. The castle, a robbers' stronghold, was destroyed by Emp.
Charles IV., who founded the monastery on its site in 1.369. The latter
was deserted in 1546 by the Celestiue monks who occupied it, and was
destroyed by fire and a landslip in 1577 and 1681. A small Museum of
Oybin antiquities occupies tlie former hall of the castle (adm. 25 pf.).
The church of 1384, with its lofty Gothic arches, some of which show
386 RouU 62. OREIFFEXBEKa. From Gdrlitz
remains of beautiful tracery, is the best-preserved part of the monastery.
Good view of Zittau. Ancient tombstones in the churchyard. I)in adjacent.
The "^Hochwald (2458 ft.), 11/2 hr. to the S. of Oybin station, a
height easily ascended, is another good point of view (inn at the top).
Near the station of Jonsdorf (p. 385; Weisser Stein, R. I1/4-IV2 ^)
a guide-post indicates the route to the (1/4 hr.) Xonnenfelsen Inn (good).
We ascend the road through wood and (10 min.) bend to the left (finger-
post to "Xonuenklunzen" to the (6 min.) Nonnenklunzen or Nonnenfelsen
(V4 hr.) on the right. Returning to the road, we follow it to the left to
the (V2 hr.) Gasthof ziir Wache. on the frontier between Bohemia and
Saxony. Thence a footpath on the Saxon side ascends in ^j^ hr. to the
summit of the Lausche. The *Lausclie (2610 ft.) is the highest point
of the range of hills which separates Upper Lusatia from Bohemia. It
commands an extensive and magnificent prospect.
From the Lausche to the Oybis, 3 hrs. From the (25 min.) Wache
Inn (see above) we follow the road to the (40 min.) Xonnenfelsen Inn
(see above). Thence (after enq^uiriug the wayj we proceed (2 min.) to the
left, cross the road, and traverse the wood (finger-post) to (1 hr.) the
forester's house at Hain. whence we reach the Oybin in V2 hr.
62. From Gorlitz to Glatz.
109 M. Railway in d^;^-6^:^ hrs. — From Berlin to Hii'schberg (see
below) express in 5 hrs. (fares 22 ^4 50, 13 ^ 70, 8 ^ 80 pf.). This is
the most direct route from Berlin to the Giant Mountains.
Gorlitz, see p. 382. — 1^ 4 M. Moys (p. 385).
15\ 2 -^- Lauban fSchivarzer Bcir, R. V/2-2^;2 ^C : Deutscher
Hofj. junction for a line to Kolilfnrt (p. 373), has a Rathaus of the
16th century. Pop. 14,600. The Steinberg (925 ft. 1, V4hr. to the S.
(restaurant), commands a fine view of the Iser and Griant Mountains.
25 M. Greiffenberg (Zur Burg, R. IV4-2, D. IV2 -^j, a
quaint town of 3400 inhabitants. About 2 M. to the S. rises the ruin
of Greiffenstein '^1390 ft.), on a wooded hill, a fine point of view.
From GREiFFEijfBER TO Heixersdorf, 12 M., railway in 1 hr. — 51/2 M.
Friedeberg pop. 2600: Goldener Lowe, Schicarzer Adler, R. 11/2-2 c^),
on the Quels. Diligences plv hence (IV4 hr. ; fare 50 pf.) to (5 M.) —
Flinsberg :1725 ft. ; ^Kurhaus, R. 3-5, B. IV4, D. 2-3 JC: Berliner
Hof : RUbezoM: Deutscher Kaiser), a long village (2000 inhab.) in the
Queis-Tal, with mineral baths (visitors' tax 8 JC). To the S. rise the Iser
Mountains ^Iser-Gebirgej, the X.W. prolongation of the Giant Mts.
(p. 388 . of which the highest points are the Heufuder (3630 ft.) and the
Tafelfichte (3685 ft.), reached in 2 and 21/2 hrs. respectively from Flins-
berg and both commanding fine views. At the foot of the latter lies Bad
SchiL-arzhach , 21/4 M. from Flinsberg. The Hochstein (p. 392) may be
reached from Flinsberg in 3^ 2 hrs. by ascending the wooded Queis-Tal. —
A footpath leads from Flinsberg to the W. in 3V2 ^rs. to the small baths
of Liehirerda.
Another branch-line runs from Greiffenberg to (141/2 M.) Lowenberg
(pop. 5700; Hotel du Roi, R. IV2-2, D. IV4-IV2 ^}j one of the oldest towns
in Silesia, with a Rathaus of 1522-46, and to (31 M.) Goldbei'g
A view of the Giant Mts. to the right is gradually disclosed.
About 21 2 ^'^- fi'om i-42 M.i Reihnitz are the baths of Berthelsdorf,
in the valley of the Kemnitz. — The Boher is crossed twice.
48iy2 ^i- Hirsehberg (Rail. Restaurant), see p. 389. Rail-
ways to Warrnhrunn and Schreiberhau (p. 389) and to Schmiede-
berg (p. 392).
to Glatz. CHARLOTTENBRUN^. 62. Route. 387
The most picturesque part of the journey is between Hirschberg
and Merzdorf (seats should be taken to the right). 56 M. Jannowitz
(Kluger's Inn), a summer-resort (direct route to the Bolzenschloss,
1 hr. to the S., see p. 393). — 61 M. Merzdorf.
The Bober is crossed several times. — 65 M. Ruhbank
(1440 ft.).
From Ruhbank to Liebau, 10 M., railway in 1/2 h^-? via (21/2 M.)
Landeshut (Eabe, R. 2-21/2 ^; Drei Berge), a town with 13,100 inhab.,
on the Bober. The main streets retain their old arcades ('Laubengange').
About 3 M. to the S.E. is the former Cistercian abbey of Griissau, with an
interesting church (18th cent.)- — 10 M, Liebau (Deutsches Haus ; Rail.
Restaurant), with 4900 inhalD. (custom-house examination for travellers
in either direction). — Beyond Liebau the line crosses the Austrian frontier
and proceeds via (IOV2 M.) Parschnitz and (28V2 M.) Starkotsch to (31 1/2 M.)
Koniggrdtz (Grand-Hotel) ; see Baedeker'' s Austria. — Branch-line from
Parschnitz via Trautenau (pop. 16,000; Weisses Ross, R. 2-3 iiT., very fair;
Union) to (10 'M..)Freiheit, and diligence thence to (IV2 M. ; 60^.) Johannis-
bad (2065 ft. ; Kaiser von Oesterreich, very fair; Kurhaits, R. from 2K. ;
Deutsches Haus, R. 2-3, D. 2^l^K.: Stadt Breslau) , a pleasant little
watering-place in the valley of the Aupa, much visited as a health-resort
(visitors' tax 8-20 iT.). Ascent of the Schneekoppe, see p. 396.
Our line ascends the valley of the Ldssig. — 68 M. Wiftgen-
dorf; 73 M. Gottesberg (1900 ft.), the highest town in Silesia
(10,500 inhab.). — 74 M. Fellhamnier; passengers for Salzbrunn
(p. 401) or Schlesisch-Friedland (p. 402) change carriages here. —
Tunnel.
77 M. Dittersbach (1665 ft.; Bail. Besfauranf, fine view),
junction for the line to Waldenburg, Altwasser, and Nieder- Salz-
brunn (p. 401). To (7^2 ^^■) Gorbe7^sdorf{^. 402), via Langivalters-
dorf, a drive of 1 Y2 ^^' — The train then passes the ruin of Neuhaus,
and penetrates the Ochsenkopf (2545 ft.) by a tunnel 1 M. long.
81 M. Charlottenbrunn (Kurhaus; Deutsches Haus; Re-
staurant Grundhof), a watering-place situated IY2 ^- fi'om the
station, in a depression of the Weistritz-Tal, with weak alkaline
springs and attractive promenades (visitors' tax 12 ^). Excursion
to Kynau and the Schlesier-Tal, see p. 406.
The train now passes through a tunnel. 83 M. WUste-Giersdorf
(Sonne, R. 1-2, D. IY2 ^)^ ^ long village in the Weistritz valley
with a weaving industry.
A pleasant walk may be taken from Nieder-Wiiste-Griersdorf to Ober-
Tannhausen and Donnerau , and through the depression between the
Langenberg (wide panorama from the trigonometrical survey-station) and
the Hornberg to the (IV2 lir-) Hornschloss (2820 ft.), a robbers' keep,
destroyed in 1497, whence an extensive view is enjoyed. Descent via
the (IV2 hr.) Vordermiihle Inn in the Reimsbach-Tal to (3/^ hr.) Charlotten-
brunn (see above).
The train threads a tunnel, and, beyond (90 M.) Ludwigsdorf
(71/2 M. to the S. of the Hohe Eule, p. 407), skirts the E. slope of
the Spitzberg, and crosses the Hausdorfer and the Galgengrund
Viaduct.
96 M. Weurode (1265 ft.; Kaiserhof, R. Vjr'^^l^, D. IV2 Jl),
388 Route 63. GIANT MOUNTAIXS.
a town with 7300 inhab.. in the valley of the Walditz. The (2 M.)
>SY. Anna Chapel (2000 ft.), on a hill to the S. of the town, com-
mands a beautiful view (restaurant). — 100 M. Mittelsteine (Bahn-
hofs-Hoteli: branch to Halbstadt via Braunau, see p. 402.
The train follows the valley of the Sfeine, finally crosses the
Glatzer Xeuse, and reaches (109 '^l.^ Glatz (see p. 403).
63. The Giant Mountains.
(Rlesen- Gehirge.)
Plan. The most interesting points among the Griant Mts. may be
visited in five or six days. Hirschberg (see p. 389) is the most convenient
startiug-point. 1st Day. Hirschberg and environs (Kavalierberg. Helikon,
Bober-Tal. etc.) 4 hrs. ; train or tramway to Warmbrunn, and on to
Hermsdorf ; ascent of the Kynast. 2 hrs. — 2nd Day. From Hermsdorf
across the Herdberg to Agnetendorf ^/^-l, to Bismarck-Hohe 3/^ hr., and
thence to Petersdorf 1 hr. : then either by railway to Ober-Schreiberhau
(walk to the Kochelfall and back li 2 hr.) and on foot to the Josephinen-
Hiitte (3/4 hr.), or from the Bismarck-Hohe on foot to Schreiberhau (with
digression to the Kochelfall) and Josephinen-Hiitte 3 hrs. — 3rd Day.
Zackenfall and Xeue Schlesische Baude l^/V Elbfall li/.,. Schneegruben-
Baiide ^U, Peter-Baude 1V2- Spindler-Baude 3'^, Prinz-Heinrich-Baude IV*?
Riesen-Baude 1. Sehneekoppe ^/^hr. . in all about 9^'4 hrs. Those whose
time permits should devote two days to this part of the journey. —
■Ath or 5th Day. Descend to the Hampel-Baude l^/g. Kirche Wang IV4
(digression to the Anna-Kapelle IV-i)- ^^fi "^i^ Briickenberg to Krumm-
hiibel 1 hr. — 5th or 6th Day. Schmiedeberg IV'4 hr.. Friesensteine IV'2'
Buchvrald lig- Erdmannsdorf 1 hr. — The Bohemian side may be included
by the following arrangement : 3rd Day. From the Xeue Schlesische
Baude direct to the Schneegruben-Baude 11/2, descend thence to the Elb-
fall V2' to the Kesselkoppe and back l^/^. down the Elbgrund to Spindel-
miihl 2, and ascend either to the Peter-Baude 21/2, or by the Leier-Baude to
the Spindler-Baude 2V4 hrs. — 4th Day. To the Sehneekoppe 3^/4 or 31/4 hrs. ;
descend in the afternoon through the Riesengrund and the Aupa-Tal to
Johannisbad 5 hrs. 'carriages may be hired at Petzerkretscham). — 5th Day.
Return to the Kreuzschenke and ascend the valley of the Kleine Aupa
to Klein -Anpa (carr. in 2 hrs.), Grenz-Bauden IV21 Krummhiibel 1V2"2,
and Kirche TTang 1 hr. — 6th Day. Yia Arnsdorf to Schmiedeberg 21/2 hrs.,
and then as above. — A visit from Schmiedeberg to the Adersbach and
AVeckelsdorf rocks (see p. 398) may be combined with the above tours.
Ixxs generally good : those among the mountains, called 'Bauden',
are almost all constructed of wood. Charges at the best inns : R. from 2,
B. 3/^-1^ D. 2 JC. Wine on the Austrian side is generally good and cheap.
Carriages. With one horse, half-day 6, whole day 10 JC: with two
horses, about double. — Horse with attendant. 10-12 JC per day and fee,
with allowance for return-journey. — Chair Porters. 6 o^ per day, with
fee. — Porters ('guides) charge 4-6 ^€ per day, besides which it is usual
(though not incumbent) to give them their food.
The Paths are provided with finger-posts and kept in excellent con-
dition by the Prussian and Austrian 'Riesengebirgs-Vereine- . Guides
are scarcely necessary, though sudden fogs may occasion some embarass-
ment ; in winter, however, thej' are advisable. Straube's Wegekarte vom
Riesen-Gebirge (1 : 150,000; 30 pf.) is useful. — The fee for 'turning on'
a waterfall is usually 10-15 pf. For the Austrian side it is advantageous
to change one's money before crossing the frontier. The traveller should
provide himself at the outset with a supply of small coins.
Sleighisg (Honierschlittenfahrtj , a species of 'tobogganing' or
'coasting' on a large scale, is a favourite winter-pastime at Hermsdorf
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Giant Mts. HIRSCHBERO. 03. Route. 389
(p. 391), Agneteiidorf (p. 391), Schrcibcrliaii (p. 392), Mclmiiedeberp (p. 393),
and Kruminhiibel (p. 393). Ski-running is practised at tlic Prinz-Heinrich-
Baude (p. 395).
The Giant Mountains form part of the great Sudetic niountain-
systeni (Gcr. Sudetoi), whicli extencls from the sources of the Oder and
the Carpathians towards the N.W. for a distance of 180 M. Tlie Ifoch-
Tcamm, or Giant Range, strictly so called, whicli rises somewhat aliruptly
on the Silesian, and gradually on the Bohemian side, stretching from
the sources of the Boher on the E. to those of the Quels and Zacken on
the W., is 23 M. in length, and attains an average heiglit oi doOO ft.
The principal heiglits are the Schneekoppe (5260 ft.), the liruunhiiui
(5120 ft.), the Hohe Bad (4950 ft.), the SUherkamm (4810 ft.), the GroHHC
and Klelne Sturmhaube (4670 and 4710 ft.), the Kesselkojjpe (4705 ft.),
the Korkonosch (4655 ft.), the Schicarze Kopj^e (4630 ft.), and the Reif-
trdger (4465 ft.). The geological formation of the Giant Mts. consists
mainly of granite, but in the S. part of the range gneiss and slate enter
largely into its composition. The lower slopes are clothed with silver
firs, pines, larches, and beeches, but at a height of about 3500 ft. the
forest zone of the Giant Mts. terminates and the region of the dwarf
pine (pinus pumilio) begins. This in its turn soon gives place to gentians
and other Alpmc plants. No other mountainous region in Germany is
so Alpine in character as the Riesen-Gebirge.
a. Prom Hirschberg to Schreiberhau and Griintal.
Local Railway from Hirschberg via WarmbriiTDi, Hernwdorf, and
Ober- Schreiberhau to (32 M.) Griintal in 21/2 hrs. (fares 2 .^ 60, 1 ^
65 pf. ; best views to the left). — Electric Tramway from Hirscliberg
to Warmbrunn in 40 min. (25 pf.) and thence in Vi ^>r- to Hermsdorf
(15 pf.). — Distances. From Hirschberg to Warmbrunn 4 M., Warm-
brunn to Hermsdorf 3 M., ascent of the Kynast 3/^-1 hr., Hermsdorf to
the Josephinen-Hiittc 13 M., Hermsdorf to Schmiedeberg 12 M., Warm-
brunn to Schmiedeberg 10 M.
Hirscliberg. — Hotels (omn. from the rail, station 50 pf.).
Preussischer Hof, R. 2-4, D. 2, pens, from 6V2 «^> good cuisine ; Drei
Berge, R. IV2-3, D- IV4-2 ^, good; Fiedler^ s; Weisses Ross; Deiitsches
Haus ; Schwan. — Railway Restaurant, D. IV2 «^-
Hirschberg (1120 ft.), a station on the 'Silesian Mountains Rail-
way' (p. 384), picturesquely situated at the confluence of the Boher
and Zacken, is an old town with 20,000 inhabitants. In the Bahn-
hof-Strasse is the Protestant Church of the Holy Cross (curious
acoustics). The Gothic Roman Catholic Church dates from the
14-15th centuries. The Ring, or market, is enclosed by arcades.
In the Schul-Str. is the Riesengebirgs-Museum (open free on Thurs.,
10-12, and on Sun., 11-12; in summer also on Tues., 10-12). To
the S. of the town are pretty promenades, with numerous villas,
extending to the Kavalierberg (1350 ft.; restaurants).
Among the pleasant points for walks from Hirschberg are the Haus-
berg {122b ft. ; restaurant; view) and the Helikon (ISIO ft. ; view), the
latter crowned with a small Doric temple. — A walk up the wild Bober-
Tal, or Sattler Ravine, on the left bank, will also repay the traveller.
The finest point, about 4 M. from Hirschberg, is styled the Wclt-Ende.
Beyond Hirschberg the railway (which is paralleled by a tram-
way as far as Hermsdorf; see above) crosses the Bober twice, and
ascends on the left bank of the Zacken.
390 ^oiite 63.
WARMBRUNN.
Giaiit Mts.
Hochstein
Reiftrager
Veilchenspitze
Kl. Schueegrube
aud Baude
Gr. Schueegrube
Hohes Had
Gr. Sturmhaube
Schneegrube of
AjTuetendorf
Kl. Sturmhaube
Kleines Rad
Silberkamm
Mittagstein
Piinz-Heinricli-
Baude
3 ^hneekoppe
51 4 M. Warm-
brunn. — Hotels. *iJd-
tcl de Prusse, R. 2-6. D.
2. pens. 41/2-8 JC; Kur-
haus : Schvcarzer Adler,
good cuisine : Schiiee-
koppe ; Rosengarten ;
Victoria , with chaly-
beate baths ; Preussische
Krone. Xumerous Lodg-
ing Houses. — Kursaai,
with restaurant (D. l^/o-
3 JC). cafe, and reading-
room. — Visitors' Tax
16 .4.
Omnibus daily in
summer to Giersdorf and
Seidorf (60 pf.).
Warmhrunn (1 140
ft.), a pleasant water-
ing-place with 4200
inhab.. visited by 8000
patients annually, lies
in a fertile district
on botb banks of the
Zacken, near the X.
slopes of the GriantMts.
The thermal springs
f95-104" Fahr.), used
for bathing, and bene-
ficial in cases of gout
and skin-disease, have
been known since the
end of the 12th cen-
tury. Since 1401 the
place has been the pro-
perty of the Counts
Schaffofotsch . whose
handsome Schloss was
erected in 1777-89.
The Propstei contains
their library of 80,000
vols, and a fine collec-
tion of coins, weapons,
and minerals (shown on
Tues.. Thurs.. & Sat. at
10, 11, and 3; 20 pf.).
The shady Promen-
ades afford pleasant
Giant Mts. . HERMSDORF. c 3. Route. 391
walks, and are flanked with the Theatre, the luirsaal, and nu-
merous shops (cut glass and polished stones, etc.). The Scholzen-
berg (142 ft.; inn), 1/2 lii*- to the E., the Weihrichshery (1160 ft.),
^4 hr. to the S.E., and the Weinberg, 20 min. farther on, are fine
points of view (restaurants).
Stonsdorf (1215 ft. ; Brauerei, unpretending), 3 M. to the S.E. of
Warmbrunn, a villap:c with a chateau of Prince Reuss, lies at the haNC
of the granite Prmlelbei g (1585 ft. ; crowned with a Bismarck Monument),
which may be ascended in 20 minutes. On the Siangenhern (16H5 ft.),
a pine-clad hill, 3/4 hr. to the S.W. of Stonsdorf, rises the ^IleinrichS'
burg, a shooting-lodge with a tower (10 pf.) commanding an admirable
view. At the foot of the Stangenberg on the W. lies the hamlet of
Mdrzdorf, 3 M. from Warmbrunn.
About IV2 M. to the S.W. of Marzdorf lies Giersdorf (1050-1.300 ft. ;
Kippe, Ziuii Hohleyi Stein, R. 1-1V> ^, both in tlie upper village), 2 M.
from Warmbrunn; almost adjoining it is the straggling village of Hain
(Bother, R. IV2-2 JC: Wilhelmshdhe). — About 3/^ M. above Hain is the
picturesquely situated Hain Fall, V2 M- to the right of which is tiie
Goldene Aussicht Inn (R. IV2 ^)' &itill farther up are the remarkable
cliff-formations known as the Thunipsahiltte (1 hr. from the Goldene Aus-
sicht). — Saalberg (inn) lies IV2 M. to the S.W. of Giersdorf.
Seidorf (1200 ft. ; Zttr Schneekoppe; Thiiringer Hof), where the
roads from Warmbrunn and Hermsdorf unite, 3^/4 M. from each of these
places and SV^ M. from Schmiedeberg, lies 2 M. to the S.E. of Giers-
dorf, and is one of the starting-points for the Schneekoppe (p. 395). From
Seidorf we reach (on the S.) the St. Anna-Kapelle (2190 ft.), built iu
1481 and restored in 1719, in 1 hr. ; near it is a forester's house affording
refreshments. Just beyond the latter is a narrow forest-path, leading
to the (1 M.) Krdberstei7ie (2380 ft.), on the N.W. slope of the Krdber-
berg ; the top of the last rock is made accessible by steps.
73/4 M. Hermsdorf. — Hotels. Tietze's, R. IV2-3, D. IV2 JC,
well spoken of; Vereiji. R. 1-2, D. IV2 '^Z Deutsche Krone; Ziim Kyn-
ast; Goldener Stern. — Sleighing (p. 388): to the Peter -Baude and
back, 12 JC.
Hermsdorf (1132-1^62 ft.), a beautifully-situated village with
2500 inhab. and a chateau of Count Schaffgotsch, is an admirable
starting-point of excursions. On a wooded height above it rises the
ruin of *Kynast (2030 ft.), owned by the Schaffgotsch family since
1393, and destroyed by lightning in 1675. A legend of this castle
forms the subject of a well-known ballad of Korner (commemorated
by a medallion). Beautiful view of the llirschberg valley from the.
tower (10 pf.; gun-shot, to awaken the sevenfold echo, 50 pf.). The
ascent to the castle is best made by a path on theE. side of the hill
(3/4 hr. ; guide unnecessary). We descend to the "^Hollengrund,
which separates the Kynast from the Herdberg (2165 ft.) towards
the S. A pleasant path leads through the woods round the Herd-
berg to Agnetendorf (see below) in ^4 hr.
Near Wernersdorf (Zum Freundlichen Hain), 21/4 M. to the W. of
Hermsdorf, are the Bibersteine, an imposing group of rocks. Fine
view from the Grosse Biberstein (125 ft. ; evening-light best).
From Agnetendorf {Beyer, R. IV4-2, D. l^U-l^U JC; Agnetenhof;
Deutscher Kaiser, fair), situated in a pleasant valley, 21/4 M. to the S.
of Hermsdorf, the *Bismarck-Hd?ie (2230 ft. ; inn), a good ^oint of view,
may be reached in ^U hr.
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 25
392 Route 63. SCHEEIBERHAU. ^a^* Mts.
11 M. Petersdorf (1180-1300 ft.; Goldner Stern, with a
garden and baths, R. ly^-l^/g, D. l^/g t^, well spoken of; Silesia,
at the rail, station; Kronprinz ; Deutsche}^ Kaiser), a long village
on the Zacken, with 3500 inhab. and glass-works, is another
summer-resort. Fine view from the Moltke-Fels (800 ft.; ^ 9 li^'-;
restaurant).
The railway ascends the vallev of the Kleine Zacken in lonof
windings. 16 M. Nieder-Schreiherhau (1950 ft.); 18 M. Mittel-
Schreiherhau (2150 ft.). Near the latter is the Sagenhalle, with
eight scenes from the Riibezahl legend, by Hendrich (adm. 50 pf.).
20 M. Ober-Schreiberhau. — Hotels. *Reiftrdger, R. from 4,
B. 1, D. 2^/^; "^Lindenhof, R. 2-4, D. 2, pens. 6-8^; Am Schenkenstein,
R. IV2-3V2 ^- Konig's: Zackenfall ; Union. — Pension Bruniienquelle,
R. lV2-^j board o JC. — Schlicker's Restaurant (wine), D. IV2 ^'r Cafe
Zumpe. — Carriage from the rail, station to the village 3/^-1 tS, each
addit. pers. 25 pf., to Krummhiibel or Schmiedeberg 11-15 „S, to the Neue
Schlesische Baude 9-12 JC.
Schreiberhau, the highest village in Silesia (2067 ft.), is one
of the most popular resorts in the Riesengebirge. It contains 5200
inhab. and numerous glass-works. About 1 M. to the S.W. is the
Josephinen-Hiltte, the largest of the Silesian glass-houses, belonging
to Count Schaffgotsch (open to visitors 9-12 & 3-6). Adjacent is
the Josephinen-Hiitte Inn, with a garden-restaurant.
The narrow *Zackenklaniin, wedged in between steep rocks, and
the ^ZackenfalL a fall of the Zackerle, 85 ft. in lieight, framed in beauti-
ful forest-scenery, 1 M. to the S. of the Josephinen-Hiitte, are reached
by a good path (blue and red marks). The best view of the fall is
obtained from beneath (restaurant, with beds). Route to the Neue Schlesi-
sche Baude, see p. 394.
To the X.W. of the Josephinen-Hutte rises the Hochstein (3540 ft.),
ascended in IV2 hr., an excellent point of view (rustic inn).
The railway crosses the Weissbach and runs towards the S.
21^/2 M. Josephinen-Hutte (see above); 2572^- Karlstal. — From
(29 M.) Xeuwelt (Rlibezahl Inn, R. 1^ o-^, B. IV2 -/^) a pleasant
walk leads through wood to the (3 hrs.) Elh fall- Baude (p. 394)
via the (25 min.) Mummel Fall (rfmts.) and the Pantsche Fall
(p. 394). About 1 2 ^^' beyond the Mummel Fall, at the mouth of
the Lubochy a green-marked path leads to the left to (1^ 2 ^^•) the
Wosseker Baude (p. 394). — Beyond (30 M.) Strickerhauser
(2065 ft.) we thread a tunnel and cross the Iser. — 32 M. GrUntal
(2295 ft.), with the Austrian and German custom-houses.
b. From Hirschberg to Scliiniedeberg and Krummhubel.
Local Railway from Hirschberg via Zillertal either to (91/2 M.)
Schmiedeberg in 40 min. (80, 45 pf.) or to (IOV2 M.) Krummhiibel in
3/4 hr. (1 JC 25, 85 pf.).
Hirschberg, see p. 389. — Beyond (31/2 M.) Loninitz we obtain
a fine view of the mountains (right). — 6 M. Zillertal- Erdmanns-
dorf. Zillertal (hotel), founded in 1837 by Protestant emigrants
Tim^'^'nld
— --VLops-i-iV^ci
Giant Mts. KRUMMHtfBEL. G3. h'o^fr. ;{9;i
Iroin the Ziller-Tal in Tyrol, contains ;i l;ir<r(3 Ihix-spiimin^r ,„i|l.
To Kriunnihiibel, see l)eio\v. Zillertul is the station for Erd-
mannsdorf (1260 It.; Schweizerhaus ; /Schmidt), a village % M.
to the N., with a royal chateau and park, formerly belonging to
Greneral Gncisenaii, and a church designed by Schinkel.
From Erdmannsdorf walkers may reach Selnniedeberg in 1>/., Iir. hv
the direct route via (-^1^ lir.) Jiuchirnhl (see helow). or in 3 lirs."via the
(IV2 hi-.) long village of Fischbach (1225 ft.; ForeUe), whieli possesses
a fine old chateau, built in the 17th century.
To the N. of Fischbach rise tlic Falkenberge, of winch both the
most southerly, the Krcn::hcrg (2125 ft.; reached in Yi ln'- fi"m Fisch-
bach), and the Forstbert/ (2105 ft.) to tlie N., are exceUciit points of view.
To the S.E. of Fischbach rises tiie (IV2 hr.) Mariannenfels (22:}o ft.),
a huge group of rocks on tiie crest of the Fischbacher Gebirge, command-
ing a fine panorama.
From Fischbach or the Mariannenfels we may proceed to tiic (2 hrs.)
Bolzenschloss (1840 ft. : inn) ; the imposing ruins of the old castle, destroyed
by the Swedes in li>13, command an admirable view.
91/2 M. Bchmiedeberg (1470 ft.; Goldner Stern, K. l%-2,
D. 11/4, pens. 4-41/2 ^j well spoken of; Schreiher, R. l-Vj^^;
PreussischerHof, R. V/2-3^^ ; Schwarzes Boss), an old town with
5700 inhab., stretching for a considerable distance up the valley
of the Eglitz. Mining for magnetic iron-ore is carried on, and there
are manufactories of carpets and other articles. Sleighing to and
from the Grrenz-Bauden (ascent 2 hrs., descent 10-'20 min.), 6 ^.
At the village of Buchwald (Brauerei), 21/2 M. to the N., is a chTiteau,
surrounded by an extensive park to which visitors are admitted.
An admirable prospect is obtained from the 'Biiche- (inn), I'/j M. to
the N.E. of Schmiedeberg, on the old road to Landeshut. A path diverging
to the left from this road, ^/j M. farther on, leads to (21/0 M.) the *Friesen-
steine (3260 ft. ; refuge-hut), which also command a fine view. A path
(green marks) leads hence to (3'/2 hrs.) Jannowitz (p. 387).
Ascent of the Schneekopjpe from Schmiedeberg, see p. 395.
From Schmiedeberg to Landeshut, 15V2 M-? I'ailway in IV4 hr. (fares
1 JC 30, 85 pf.). 3 M. 3Iittel- Schmiedeberg ; 51/2 M. Ober-Schniiedebery ;
l^j.^ M. Dittersbach; IOV2 M. Pfaffendorf. — 151/2 M. Landeshut, see p. 387.
The Light Railway from Zillertal to Krummhubel crosses
the Lomnitz. 2^/2 M. Arnsdor f (^Quwnmw) is a long village with
a chateau of the 17th century. A path leads hence via Steiuseiffen
(Kaiser-Friedrich-Baude) to {Vj^^iv.) Schmiedeberg (see above).
41/2 M. Xrunnnhubel. — Hotels. Goldiier Friedeii, R. 2-4, D.
2 c^; Schneekoppe, R. IV2-3, D- IVr^ ^, good; Preussischer Hof, fair;
Berliner Ho f, R. 1-SJ^; Central; Alexandrinenbad, with rooms only. —
Railway Restaurant.
Krummhubel (1700-1970 ft.), a favourite summer-resort, is a
good centre for excursions; e.g. to the Anna-Kapelle and the Griiber-
steine (21/2-3 hrs.; p. 391), the Kirche Wang (see below; 2 hrs.), etc.
— Ascent of the Schneekoppe, see p. 395.
A little to the W. of Krummhiibel is the village of Brueken-
berg (3100 ft.; Waldhaus, R. from IV2, D. IV4-IV4 ^^^ ; ^^f^^'
zahl; kchweizerhaiis ; Bad Brilckenherg ; Hot.Wang), the parish-
church of which, the Kirche Wang (2900 ft.), was built by Frederick
25*
394 P^oute 63. KESSELKOPPE. (^iant Mis.
TTilliam IV. in 18-44 and incorporates material from the old ^stave-
kirke' of Wang in Xorway (adm. 20 pf.). The woodwork of the
doors and columns is old. The detached tower is modern.
c. The Hochgebirge.
Comp. the Panorama, p. 390.
Distances. From the Josephinen-Hutte to the (4 M.) Schneegruben-
Baude 3 hrs., (IO1/2 M.) Riesen-Baude 41/2 hrs., (1/3 M.) Schneekoppe 1/2"
3^ hr. : from Agnetendorf to the (7 M.; Schneegruben-Baude 3V2-4 hrs.;
from Seidorf to the (11 M.) Riesen-Baude 5^2 hrs. ; from Schmiedeberg
to Krummhlibel li,., hr., thence to the (9 M.; Riesen-Baude 3 hrs.; from
Schmiedeberg direct to the (14 M.) Schneekoppe 4 hrs.; from Johannis-
bad to the, Schneekoppe 6-7 hrs. ; from Hohenelbe to the Schneekoppe
71/0-8 hrs. ; from the Josephinen-Hiitte to (8V2 ^■) Hohenelbe 6^/2-^ hrs.
In the height of the season visitors to the Schneekoppenhaus, the
Prinz-Heinrich-Baude, or Schneegruben-Baude should engage rooms in
advance by means of a reply-paid telegram, — Sleighixg, see p. 388.
From the Josephxsex-Hutte in Schreiberhau (p. 392) to the
Schneekoppe, 8-10 hrs. (red and blue way-marks}. The path ascends
by the (^^2 ^^-^ Zackenfall (p. 392j, crosses a bridge (2335 ft.), and
ascends a good path to the (^/^ hr.) Neite Schleslsche Baude (3975 ft.;
R. l\'2-*^\ 2- ^- \/2- ^' 2-21 2 ^/,^ on tjie crest of the mountain. We
may then make a digression of 20 min. via the Pferdekopf stein
(4260 ft.; view; and the E. side of the Reiftrager (^4465 ft.); or we
may leave the latter to the left, proceed towards the S.E., and then
ascend past some groups of rock on the right, called the (20 min.)
Sausteine and 1 10 min.; Quargsteine, below which, 7 min. to the
W., is the Wosseker-Baude icomp. p. 392;. Farther on, at the
finger-post (boundary-stone 112;, we quit the ridge-path leading to
the right of the Veilchenspitze to the (Y2 ^^') Schneegruben-Baude,
and diverge to the right to the (5 min.) Elbbrannen, one of the
sources of the Elbe. Hence we go on towards the S. for 25 min.
and turn to the E. ileft; to the '\,4 hr.) "^Pantsche Fall (striking
view of the Sieben Griinde;. The "^'Elhfall, about 140 ft. high, is
20 min. farther on (accommodation at the Elbfall-Baude). Hence to
Spindelmuhl r2i 2 hrs.;, see p. 397.
An easy path leads from the Elbfall-Baude, via the Pantsche Fall
(see above., to the (^/^ hr,; *Kesselkoppe (5705 ft.; *View;, turning to
the left at the (2 min.) guide-post to the Elbbrunnen. The descent may
be made (path with green and red marks; via the Kesselhof -Baude and
Schilssel-Baude to (21.2 hrs.) Spindelmuhl p. 397).
From the Elbfall we ascend to the X.E. by an excellent path to
the (35 min.) "^Schneegruben-Baude (4890ft.; R. 2-2^2, B. ^4,
D. 2^ 2 '^)j lyiiig oil the brink of the Grosse and Kleine Schnee-
grube, two rocky gullies upwards of 1000 ft, in depth. *View of
the Hirschberg Valley, beyond the abyss, and of Silesia as far as
the Zobten near Breslau; still finer view from Riibezald's Kanzel
('Xumber Xip's Pulpit';, a granite rock close behind the Baude.
From the Schneegruben-Baude we proceed to the left, passing
Gia7it Mts. PRINZ-HEINRICH-BAUDE. 6'.v. Tiotftr. 395
the Grrosse Schneegrube, to the (^^ hr.) Hohe Bad (49i){) ft.), with
a mound (16 ft. high) in memory of Emp. William J., and line virw .
Steep descent on the E. side in 1/4 hr. (ascent ^^ hr.;, then to the
Grosse Sturmhauhe (4670 ft.), from the saddle below which red-
marked paths diverge (1.) to the Korallensteiiie and (r.) to Spindel-
miihl (p. 397). Passing the Mannstein (4609 ft.) and the Mfulrl-
steine, we reach in 11/4 hr. the Feter-Baude (4100 ft.; telegraph-
office), commanding an extensive view towards Bohemia. [Descent
from the Peter-Baude to the left to Agnetendorf, or to tlic right to
Spindelmiihl, 1 1/2 l^i*. ; l^oth paths marked yellow.] We then descend,
first to the left and then to the right, into the Madelwiese, a marshy
hollow, and reach the (IV2 M.) Spindler-Bcmde (3940 ft.), an inn
on the W. slope of the Kleine Sturmhauhe (4725 ft.). [Descent
hence to Spindelmiihl l^/g hi*, (blue marks).] The path on the X.
side of the latter leads to the (22/3 M.) Mitt acf stein, a granite rock
about 40 ft. in height, commanding a fine view towards Silesia.
About 10 min. farther on is the "^Frinz-Heinrich-Baude (4625 ft. ;
bed 2-3, B. 1, D. 3 c^; telephone), in a fine situation above the
Grosse Teich and the Kleine Teich. After 1/2 ^^' we pass a guide-
post (Wiesen-Baude 1/4 hr. to the S.; Hampel-Baude ^/^ hr. to the
N.), and cross the Koppenplan, clothed with dwarf pines, to the
(1 hr.) Biesen-Baude (4560 ft.), a small inn (bed 2 ^l) on Bohemian
territory, at the foot of the barren summit of the Schneekoppe. A
paved path, at the beginning of which a magnificent view is obtained
of the Melzergrund to the left and the Biesengrund (p. 396) to the
right, ascends hence in numerous windings to the summit of the
Schneekoppe in Y2 ^i'-? while the easier ' Jubilaeums-Weg' takes ^j^ hr.
From Seidorf (p. 391) to the Schneekoppe, 6 hrs. To the Anna-
Kapelle (p. 391), 1 hr. In 1 hr. more (green and yellow marks) we
reach the Br^ot-Baude (2690 ft.), at the junction of the paths from
Arnsdorf and from Hain. The path then leads to the right (S. ; green
marks) to the (^4 br.) Kirche Wang in Brilckenbe7y/ (p. 393).
By the entrance to the parsonage the green-marked path ascends
in 4:0 mm.^-p'dst Bilbezahrs Kec/elbahn{^^mn\)er^i])^8 Skittle Alley'),
where it joins the direct path from Seidorf, to the (^/^hr.) Schli}if/el-
Baude (3500 ft.). Then (red marks) by (10 min.) the outlets of the
Grosse and Kleine Teich to the (^4 br.) Hampel-Baude (4115 ft.).
From the Hampel-Baude we ascend to the {^l^ hr.) Koppenplayi ;
thence to the Schneekoppe, see above.
From the Sclilingel-Baude (see above) a blue-marked path leads by
the Hasen-Baude and the Drei Steine (3950 ft.), rocky pinnacles on the
crest of the mountain, to (1 hr.) the 3Iittagsfein (see above).
From Schmiedeberg (p. 393) to the Schneekoppe via Krumm-
hubel, 5 hrs. A carriage-road leads to the S.W. from Schmiede-
berg, via Steinseiffen (p. 393) and past the Pfaffenberg, to (1^/4 hr.)
Krummhiibel (p. 393). Thence a pleasant path (yellow marks) ascends
396 ^oHte €3. SCHNEEKOPPE. Giant 3fts.
through the rooiantic Melzergrund to the '3^2 hrs.) Koppe. —
From Krummhiibel the Schneekoppe may be ascended also in 3-
3^ o hrs. by the Gehaage i somewhat steep: green marks); or by
the Eulengrund and the Schwarze Koppe ("3^/2 hrs.; red and yellow
marks); or via Wolfskau (Mariensruh; blue and yellow marks) to
the Forst-Bauden (rfmts.) and the (blue marks) "^Tabahssteig
<4 hrs.); or, lastly, via Wang and the SchlingeJ-Baude (p. 395),
in 3^ o hrs. (guide unnecessary: numerous finger-posts).
From ScH^nEDEBERG direct to the Schneekoppe by the Forst-
kanim, 4 hrs. The path (red and blue marks) ascends to Oher-
Sclimiedeberg , passes the St. Anna-Kapelle fp. 391) on a hill to the
right, then turns to the right, and ascends, chiefly through wood,
to (2 hrs.) the Grenz-Bauden (3430 ft.: Hiibner, very fair; Groder-
Baude), 2 hrs. below the summit and both in Bohemia. Another
route fblue marks) reaches the Grenz-Bauden in 3 hrs. via the
Tannen-Baude ('rfmts. at the forester's) and the Forst-Bauden
(see above). Steep ascent ('after ^ ^ hr.) to the Schwarze Koppe
(4615 ft.), then an almost level stretch for ^ 2 ^^-^ ^^^ finally
another steep ascent of ^i^^ hr. to the summit.
From Johasxisbad (p. 387) to the Koppe the following are the two
best routes. By the first (6-7 hrs. ; carriage to Petzer advised, 10 K. :
diligence from Freiheit. 8 M.. in 2i/> hrs., 2 K 20 h.) pedestrians ascend
the X. slope of the valley, past the finger-post and the Waldhaus. to the
village of Schuarzenberg. and then ascend the slope to the right (blue
and yellow way-marks) under the Blaustein (3120 ft.) to (31/3 M.) Dunkel-
tal (see below). The carriage-road leads via Freiheit (p. 387) to the long
village of J/(fT;*sf^e??^or/' ('Brauhof : Justmiihle) in the valley of the Aupa.
Our road leads to the left, ascending the valley of the Aupa to (1/2 M.)
Diuikeltal. Beyond a large glass-house it enters a more sombre part of
the valley fto the S. the Aichelhurg. a small modern tower). IV2 M.
KreiizscJienke (route to the Grenz-Bauden. see below). The road proceeds
to the left to (I1/2 M.) Gross-Aupa Treller), a village consisting of huts
scattered over the hillside. In i/., hr. more v.e reach Petzer (Alter Petzer-
kretscham. well spoken of: Petzer. R. 1-2 K.). the highest part of Grross-
Aupa, where the road terminates. (A little above diverges the road leading
across the Geiergucke to Spindelmiihl : see below.) Then a steep ascent
(yellow marks) leads to the right through the grand "^Pdcsengrund and
the Aupagrund. The Aupa, pouring over the cliff to the X. in scanty
runlets, here forms the so-called Anjya Fall. In 2 hrs. from Petzer we
reach the Riesen-Baude (4570 ft.): thence to the Schneekoppe, see p. 395.
[At the Kreuzschenke (see above) a road diverges to the right and leads
through the valley of the Kleine Aupa to (31/2 ^1-) Klein-Aupa (Zur Mohorn-
miihle) and (IV2 hr. : blue way-marks) the Grenz-Bauden (see above).]
The second route (7 hrs.) ascends in 2 hrs. by the Prellogg-Weg (red
and yellow marks), via the Zinneclcer-Baiiden , Ochsen- Banden , and
Sckwarzschlag-Bauden to the *Schvjarze Berg (4130 ft.), commanding
fine views of' the mountains and the Bohemian plain. We then descend
Tyellow. and then blue marks) to the (20 min.) Bohnenivies-Baude . pass
the Topfer-Baude and the Fuch&-Bande. and follow the long ridge of
the (71/2 M.) *Fuchsberg, which affords an admirable view of the Riesen-
grund and the precipitous S.W. side of the Koppe. Thence to the right
at the a M.) Hof-Baude ^red marks) by the (2 M.) "^ Geiergucke (descent
through the Lange Grand to Spiyideimiihl, see p. 397) and the Brunnberg
to the (I1/2 M.) Wiesen-Baude and the Riesen-Baude (4 hrs.); thence to
the top, see p. 395.
Giant Mts. SPINDELMUHL. 08. Route. ;j97
The *Schneekoppe, or Rieeenkoppe (5260 ft.), tho hi^rhcst
mountain in N. and Central (Jerniany, is a blunted coin' of niiea
schist. The chapel on the summit, erected at the end of the 17th
cent., stands on the frontier of Bohemia and Silesia. Close to the
chapel is the Koppenhaus (bed 2-2^ j^c.^; travellers are awakem;d
to view the sunrise, which, however, is seldom clear), with post and
telegraph office. The Bohmische Batule, on th<! Hohi'mian side of
the Koppe, belongs to the same landlord. A red Hag by day or a
red light by night indicates that no night-quarters are to be had.
Adjacent is a meteorological observatory (no admission).
View (best towards evening) extensive and picturesque: to the
N. the entire Hirschberg Valley; E. Schweidnitz, Zobten, Breslau,
Eule, Silberberg, Schneeberg, Heuscheuer; S.W. the Weisse Berg
near Prague; W. the Milleschauer near Teplitz; N.W. the Lands-
krone near Grorlitz. To the S.W. we obtain a most imposing view of
the deep Riesengrund (p. 396); to the N. the Melzergrund (p. 396).
From the Josephinen-Hutte via Spindelmuhl to the Wiesen-
Baude 7-8 hrs., or to Hohenelbe 8-9 hrs. ~ To the Elbfall 3 lirs., sec
p. 394. A good patli (yellow and green marks) leads to tlie right from
the Elbfall-Baude along the slo])e of the Korkonosch (4055 ft.) into the
Elhgrund; on the right rises the Kesselkoppe (p. 394). It then turns to
the left, skirting the Hochkamm, which is rent and fissured by the Sieben
Grilnde, and follows the course of the Elbseifen. Near the confluence
of this stream with the Weisswasser, a brook descending from the
Sieben Grlinde, the path unites with that coming from the Peter-Baude
(p. 395) and turns towards the S. Here stands the Mddelsteg-Baude, with
a toll-gate (each pers. 4 pf.). About 1 M. farther on (2V2 hrs. from the
Elbfall-Baude) lies —
Spindelmuhl (2660 ft.; Deutscher Kaiser, pens. 6-8 K., very fair:
Hercynia; Wiesenhaus ; St. Peter, E. from IV4, board ^^l.,Jt: liiibezahl ;
Marienivarte, R. 1-2, D. IV2-2, pens. 5-7 ^; Kaiser von Oesterreich,
pens, from 41/2 ^; also Krone and Villa Kraus in Friedrichstal, on the
right bank of the Elbe), a favourite summer-resort. At the S. end of
the village the Elbe is joined by the Klaiisenwasser, on which, 3/4 M.
farther up (red and yellow way-marks), lies the village of St. Peter. The
route now ascends the S. slope of the Ziegenrucken (4640 ft.), passes the
(2 hrs.) Renner-Baude, and reaches (35 rain, more) the Wiesen- Baude,
(4593 ft. ; good), whence we follow either the green way-marks E. (in
3/4 hr.), or the (V4 hr.) red-marked path X. fin IV4 hr.) along the mountain-
crest, to the Riesen-Baude (see p. 395). — Other routes lead by the (20 min.)
Madelsteg-Baude (sec above), the '^Weisswasserf/rund (green marks), or
by the lonely but magnificently situated Lc ie?'- Ba ude (h\uc marks), whence
a steep ascent reaches the Spindler-Baude (see p. 395) in 1 hr.
The direct route from Spindelmuhl to the Aupa-Tal (5 hrs. ; red-and-
green marks) descends from the village of St. Peter (see above), and then
gently ascends the wild and romantic Lange Grund to the (2 hrs.) crest
of the N. spur of the Brimnberg, which forms the watershed between
the Aupa and the tributaries of the Elbe. The ^Geiergiicke (p. 396), at
the top, commands a charming view of the Aupa-Tal. To the right is
the Zehc/r?md; the path follows its N. slopes to the Richter-Banden, the
(IV2 hr.) Petzerkretscham, and (V2 hr. ; blue marks) Preller's Inn at Gross-
Aupa (p. 396).
By following the Elbe to the S. from Spindelmuhl we reach Hackels-
dorf, Oberhohenelbe, and (3 hrs.) Hohenelbe; see Baedeker's Austria.
398 P^oute 63. ADERSBACH. Giant Mts.
d. Kocks of Adersbach and Weekelsdorf.
From ScHJvnEDEBERG (p. 393) a railway runs to (lo'/g ^I-) Landeshut,
whence another line leads to (9V2 ^^■) Schomberg. Carriage thence to
Adersbach 6 JC. — A carriage-and-pair from Schiuiedeberg to Adersbach
(25 M.) takes 6-7 hrs. (18-20 JC). — Beyond Schomberg we cross the Bohe-
mian frontier and reach (21/2 ^^O Liebenau. (Pedestrians save an hour
by taking the path to the right beside the tavern at the beginning of
the village.) Beyond the (2 M.) straggling village of Merkelsdorf (see
below^ the road divides, the right branch leading to (2 M.) Adersbach,
the left to '2 M.) Weekelsdorf.
From Friedla>"D (p. 402; carr.-and-pair ca. 10 JC). The road crosses
the Bohemian frontier immediately beyond the town, and unites with that
from Schomberg at (31/2 M.} Merkelsdorf (see above).
From Weckelsdorf (p. 402). railway to Weekelsdorf Fel sen in 1/4 br.
The road (carr. 1-4 pers. 1 K. 20-3 A' 40 h.) leads through the (2 M.) town
and diverges to the left for the Rocks. — Carr. from the station to Aders-
bach and "Weekelsdorf and back 10 ^€ and fee.
From Trautexau (p. 387). railway via (21/2 M.) Parschnitz, (9 M.)
Qualisch. (20 M.) Ober - Adersbach, and {22 M.) Xieder- Adersbach, to
(27 M.) Weekelsdorf Felsen (about IS/V, hr.) and (29 M.) Weekelsdorf (a
station on the Chotzeu. Xa^hod. and Braunau railway; see p. 402).
*Adersbach Rocks. — Zur Felsenstadt, at the entrance to the
rocks. R. 1\V- "^^ • Kasper's Hotel, unpretending. — Admission 1 JC ot
1 K. each person ; guide, without whom no one is permitted to enter,
20 h. each. Small fees are expected at various points, so that the travaller
should be provided with 10 and 20 h. pieces. — The temperature among
the rocks is much lower than outside.
The Adersbach Rocks, resembling those in Saxon Switzerland,
are very curious. They once formed a solid mountain of green
sandstone, the softer parts and clefts of which have been worn away
and widened by the action of water. These rocks, thousands in
number, several of them 180 ft. high, often assume grotesque shapes,
and many of them have been named in accordance with some fanciful
resemblance (sugarloaf. burgomaster, drummer, etc.). The path is
often so narrow that visitors must walk in single file. A silvery
brook traverses this labyrinth, issuing in a waterfall 40 ft. high
from a little lake, to which a flight of steps ascends. Part of the
exploration, which occupies 2-2 ^ 2 ^^'s. in all. is carried out by boat
(20 pf. or 20 h.). At the egress a sevenfold echo is awakened by
trumpet-blasts {20 pf. or 20 h.^ and shots (40 or 80 pf. or h.).
The * Weekelsdorf Rocks (Zum Eisenhammer ^ K. 1-
1^ ^zJl: Zur Felsenstadt . adjoining those of Adersbach on the E.
(3 M. from the Felsenstadt Inn at Adersbach). are still more impos-
ing. Fees for admission, etc., the same as at the Adersbach Eocks.
Here, too. various parts of the chaotic scene have their specific names
(cathedral, burial-vault, etc.). The finest point is the grand 'Cathe-
draP. resembling- a trothic structure. Visitors o^enerallv return
through the Xeue Felsenstadt, with the -Amphitheatre', the 'Anna-
TaP, and 'Siberia*. A visit to these rocks occupies 2-21/2 ^^^s.
The Heuscheuer, see p. 403; carriage from Weekelsdorf to the foot
of the Maria Stern in 2-21/2 hrs.. fare 8-10 JC : carriage from Adersbach
to Karlsberg (p. 403} in 6-7 hrs.. fare 20 JC,
:UM)
64. Prom Breslan to Dresden.
16i M. Railway. Express in l»/o hrs. (f;ires 22 JC 50, Ifj ^jC^ t> JC 30 pf.).
From Breslau to (85 M.) Kohl fart ('^Rail. Restuuruut, I). 17,, ^),
see R. 59.
102 M. Gorlitz, see p. 382. To the left rises the Laii(hkronc
(p. 384). - - 105 M. Beichenhach (Sonne), the last Prussian town.
114 M. Lobau (872 ft.; Wetiiner Huf; Rail. Restaurant)
is a busy place with 10,600 inhabitants. The neighbouring country
(Upper Lusatia) is peopled with Wends, a Slavonic race still speak-
ing, to some extent, its own language. The town lies at the foot of
the Lohauer Berg (1475 ft.; inn and view-tower at the top, 660 ft.
above the town and 1 hr. from the station).
From Lobau to Zittau, 21 M., railway in 1 hr. — i)'/2 M- Herrnhut
(*Gasthof der Brilder-Gemeinde, R. 2-21/2, E>. '^'^k^), a pleasant little
place with 1800 inhab., was founded in 1722 by several families from
Moravia who belonged to the Moravian brotherhood ('Herrnhuter'}, and
had quitted their country on account of their reli^'ion. The site was
presented to the exiles by Count Zinzendorf, the proprietor. The Moravian
meeting-house contains a collection of antiquities (adm. 50 pf.). View from
the Hutberg (1195 ft.). — At (131/2 M.) Ober-Oderwitz our line joins that
from Bischofswerda and Ebersbach (p. 400). — 21 M, Zittau, see p. 385.
About 3/4 M. to the S. of (122 M.) Pommritz lies the village of
Hochldrch^ memorable as the scene of one of the bloodiest and most
disastrous battles fought by Frederick the Great (14th Oct., 1758).
Marshall Keith, Frederick's w^ell-known general, fell in this battle.
He was the son of Lord Keith, and an adherent of the Pretender. After
the battle of Sheriifmuir he was branded as a Jacobite, and obliged to
quit Great Britain. He afterwards entered the Russian service, in which
he attained the rank of field-marshal. Having resigned his appointment
he repaired to Berlin, where Frederick the Great nominated him a Prussian
marshal and governor of Berlin. In 1776 Sir Robert Keith, British am-
bassador at Vienna, erected a monument in the church at Hochkirch to
the memory of his kinsman, whose remains had been transferred to the
garrison church at Berlin in 1759. Comp. 'A Fallen Star', by Charles Lowe.
A favourite point of view is the *Czorneboh {i.e. black god;
1817 ft.), a summit in the range which stretches to the S. of Hochkirch,
41/2 M. to the S.W. of Pommritz (carr. to Wuischl'e, then on foot in a/., hr.).
At the top are a tower and inn. At the foot of the tower lies a huge
block of granite, said to be an altar of the ancient heathen Wends (see
above). Fine view of the populous and fertile plain of Cpper Lusatia.
129 M. Bautzen. — Hotels. Weintraube, Reichen-Str. 21, R.
2-3, B. 3/4, D. 11/2-2 c^, well spoken of; Weisses Boss, Lauen-Str. 11, R.
IV2-3, D. 11/4-2 c^; Glide, at the station; Krone, Stein-Str. 15, R. 11/2-*^,
D. 11/4 ^. — Restaurants. Ratskeller, in the Gewandhaus ; Bier-Palast,
corner of Tuchmachergasse and Moltke-Str. ; Fuchsbau, Hintere Reichen-
Str. 1; Rail. Restaurant; Cafe Central, Reichen-Str. 25. — Cab from
the station, 50 pf. ; per hr. 1 c^ 60 pf. — Post Office, Bismarck-Str.
Bautzen (720 ft.), the busy capital of the Saxon Upper Lusatia
(29,500 inhab.), is situated on a height above the Spree. In the
large Corn Mai^ket are situated the Theatre and the Reichen-Tnrm
(end of the 15th cent.), with a stone relief of Emp. Rudolf II. (1577).
400 ^oide 64. KA]\rEXZ.
Beliiud tlie theatre is the Serbski Dom, a club-house coutaiuing a
TVendish museum. On the W. side of the Market is a new Museum^
built for the reception of the various art-collections of the tovrn.
The centre of the old town is occupied by the Principal Market
Place. To the left is the Geicandhaiis, a handsome building of
1883 (entr. Inuere Lauen-Str.), containing the Public Library and
the Stieber Museum . with antiquities and pictures (Wed. 2-4,
20 pf.. at other times 50 pf. : catalogue 20 pf.i.
The Rathaus. in the Fleischmarkt. contains a fine staircase and
portraits of the burgomasters of the last 400 years. The Church
of St. Peter, also in the Fleischmarkt, built in 1441-64, has been
used since 1635 by the Roman Catholics and Protestants in common
(sexton, Innere Lauen-Str. 10). In front of it is a fountain mon-
ument to Elector John George I. (d. 1656), erected in 1867.
The stone head on the 2\icolai-P forte is said to be a portrait
of a town-clerk who tried to betray the town to the Hussites in 1429
and was condemned to be dra^^Ti and quartered. Beyond the Land-
haus. or Hall of the Estates, in the Schloss-Str.. rises Schl(tss Orten-
burg (ca. 1480-1500). situated on an eminence on the Spree and now
containing government-offices. On the tower is a lifesize figure of
Matthew Corvinus of Hungary (1486j. A chamber on the first floor
is embellished with a fine stucco ceiling, with scenes from Lusatian
history (17th cent.V
Oil the left bank of the Spree rises the Provtschenherg, a good point
of view. — From Bautzeu to Sc7i<rndau, see R. 30c.
The valley of the Spree is now crossed by a long viaduct, which
affords a fine restrospect of Bautzen. 142 M. Bischofswerda (pop.
7500). About 3 M. to the X. lies Bammenau, the birthplace of
J. G. Fichte an 1762), with a monument to his memory.
From Bischofswerda to Zittau. 40 M., railway in 21/2 hrs. (by
another route 46V2 M., iu 3 hrs.). — From (24 M.) Ehersbach the Bohemian
X. Railway goes on to (11 M.) Kreibitz-Teichstatt , the junction of the line
from Tetsclvpn (p. 211). At (28V2 M.) Eihau the longer route to Zittau via
Wam&dorf iixxwdXion for Bodenbach, p. 211) diverges. At {ZQyL.) Scheihe
the two routes reunite. — 40 M. Zittau, see p. 385.
151 M. Arnsdorf.
From Arxsdorf to Lubbexau. 59 M.. railway in 4 hrs. — 151/2 M.
Kamenz (Golden^r Stem), with 11. 100 inhab., was the birthplace of
Lessiug in 1729). to whom a colossal bust, by Knauer, was erected near
the Wendish church in 1863. View from the tower on the Hutherg, IV2 M.
to the W. of the town. About 6 M. to the S.E. of Kamenz is the
Cistercian monastery of 3Iarienstern, founded iu 1264. — From Kamenz
the train runs on to Hohenhocka, Senftenberg, Caluu, and (59 M.) Lub-
benau (p. 382).
154 X. Badebei^g fGriine Tanne). a town with 13,300 inhab.,
and an old chateau /'1 543-46). 1^ ^ ^J^- to the X. of which, in the
midst of fragrant pine-woods, lies the small Augustusbad, with a
chalybeate spring.
164 M. Dresden, see p. 175.
401
65. Prom Breslau to Halbstadt (ChotxcN) via
Salzbrunn.
62 M. Railway in 31/2 lii«- — Best views to the left.
Breslau (Freiburg Station), see p. 374. -- 12 72 M. Canth. At
Krnehlowitz^ 3 M. to the S.E., is the mausoleuin of Field-Marshal
Bliicher, who died here in 1819 at tlie age of 77.
I8V2 M- Mettlau. To the right is Count Junto's chateau of
Boryanie, in the late-Renaissance style.
30 M. Konigszelt (Railway Hotel; Railway Restaurant),
the junction for the Lieynitz-Frankenstein railway ^R. 67), derives
its name ('king's tent') from the fact that Frederick the Gr»;at
occupied a fortified camp near it, at Bunzehvitz, in 1761. To tlie
left is the Zobten (p. 381).
35 M. Freiburg (905 ft.; Bm^yy R. 2-3 ^/^, very fair; Bar),
a small town (9600 inhah.) with several linen factories, is prettily
situated on the hillside. On the opposite bank of the l^ohiiitz lies
the straggling village of Polsnitz.
^Excursion to Schloss Furstenstein. Wc follow the footpath
through the Griindel, along the Polsnitz, pass through the village of
Polsnitz, and at the (V4 hr.) eross-roads ascend to the left to the (20 niin.)
Schloss. .
*Schloss Filrstenstein, the residence of the Prince of Pless, is
charmingly situated on the E. side of the valley of the HcUcharh or
Polsnitz, and is surrounded bv extensive grounds. Visitors are usually
admitted to the terraces in the prince's absence. Those who wish to see
the interior must procure tickets from the 'Furstliche CJeneraldirektion'
at Waldenburg (see below). The tower commands a fine view.
A walk through the vallev and back to Freiburg, as follows, takes
ca. 3 hrs. From the gate of the Schloss we descend to the left through
the gardens to (V4 hr.) the Alte Schweizcrei (restaurant). Hence we ascend
on the left bank of the Hellebach, through the deep and wooded *Fiirsten-
steiner Grund, to the (to min.) Alte Burg (restaurant), a small imita-
tion of a mediaeval castle, with interesting old armour, etc. (fee oO pt.).
View from the tower (from the Alte Burg to Xieder-Salzl)runn, see below ;
20 min ). Wc descend to (6 min.) the Hellebacii, cross tlie rustic l)ridge,
and ascend to the (1/4 hr.) Luisen-Platz (view of the Schloss) and the
(5 min.) Charlotten-Platz (view of the valley). A few paces to the right
is the Maicsoleum and farther on (7 min.) is the PicsoHfrah (*\ lew) —
From the mausoleum we reach (3/4 hr.) Freiburg by descending to the left.
The line ascends in a wide circuit. -- 41 M. Nieder-Salzhrunn ;
hence to the Alte Burg (see above), V2 lir.
rVoai-mining district. — 8 M. Dittersbach, see p. 387.
The Schneekoppc is visible to the right in clear weather.
431/2 M. Bad Salzbrunn. — Hotels. Kurhaus, R. 21/2-6, B. 3/„
D. from 11/2-^; Pretissische Krone, R. from V^U c^; Sonne; DeuUcher
Adler; Schwert. Numerous Lodging Houses.
402 Route 65. FELLHA:\DrER.
Visitors' Tax 20 J^. members of a family cheaper. — The station is
3/4 M. from the village (omn. 30 pf.)-
Salzhrunn (1320-75 ft.), a village (6000 inhab.) belonging to
the Prince of Pless, stretches along the valley of the Sahbach for
nearly 4V 2 ^- Bad Salzbrunn. the watering-place proper, lies quite
at the upper end, about 3 M. from the first house. Its saline-alkaline
waters are efficacious in pulmonary and bowel complaints, gout,
diabetes, and asthma (8300 patients annually;. The principal drink-
ing spring is the Oberbrunnen, which is enclosed by the Elisen-
halle. in the pretty promenades of Ober-Salzbrunn (1335 ft.).
At the upper end of Salzbrunn. near the entrance to the village
of Hartau. the road to Altwasser diverges to the left (E.). Walkers
should take the route by the (I1/2 M.) "^Wilhelmshohe (1690 ft.;
*Yiew from the tower, adm. 10 pf.; inn); descent on the E. side to
Altwasser p. 401) in 20 minutes.
The Zeisburg, l^., hr. to the X.W. of Salzbrunn, destroyed in the
Thirty Years" War, lies picturesquely in the valley of the Zeis. The
road to it leads through Xieder-AdelshacJi . — To Furstenstein via Xieder-
Salzbrnnn. and back. 41/2 hrs.. see p. 401 (carr. there & back 10-12 JC.). —
The Sattel"wrald '2555 ft. : restaurant), with an admirable view of the
Silesian Mts.. mav be ascended in 3 hrs. ; descend via Wittgendorf (p. 387).
1/4 hr. — The first part of the ascent (2 hrs.) of the Hochwald (2789 ft.;
inn : fine view from the tower) is fatiguing.
The continuation of the line affords numerous beautiful views
(to the left;. Beyond (47^4 ^O Conradstal it describes a curve
which brings it back to the vicinity of Ober-Salzbrunn.
52^/2 M. FellhamrQer is the junction for the railway from
Gorlitz to Breslau p. 387), the first station on which, Gottesberg
(p. 387 >, is visible on the right. Tunnel. — 58 M. Schlesisch-
Friedland 1463 ft.: Weisses Boss: Bail. Bestauranf), a well-
built little town on the Steine. with 4900 inhab. and weaving fact-
ories. To Adersbach, see p. 398.
Diligence thrice daily (in 3/^ hr. : 60 pf.) to (3 M.) Grorbersdorf
(1740 ft. : Deutsche!' Kaiser), in a sheltered valley, frequented by con-
sumptive patients Dr. Brehmers EstablLshment. R. from 1. board 6V2'^;
Dr. RompUr's. R. 10-30 per week, board 45^; visitors' tax 20 JC).
The Austrian frontier is now crossed. At (62 M.) Halbstadt
(Hotel Meyer ; Bail. Bestaarardj baggage is examined by the
custom-house officers. — From Halbstadt to Xachod and Chotzen,
see Baedekers Austria. The second station on this line is (S M.)
TF<ecA*eZ5cZor/'(Bayrischer Hof : Rail. Restaurant). 2 ]\I. distant from
the village I'omn.: to the Weckelsdorf and Adersbach Rocks, see
p. 398).
From Halbstadt to Brauxac axd Mittelsteixe, 15 M.. railway in
1 hr. — 51.2 M. Braunau '1329 ft.: KeibI : Jarosch), a small town of
7600 inhab.. with a handsome Benedictine abbev, — 15 M. Mittelsteiiie ,
see p. 388.
From Brauxau to the Heuscheuer via the Sterx. 5-6 hrs. About
3 M. to the W. of Braunau is the village of Weckersdorf, from the W. end
of which (guide-post) a route, leading past the Amerika Inn, ascends to
the yj^ hr.) Marien-Kajpelle on the top of the Stern (2210 ft. ; restaurant),
WARTHA. 6v;. Uonic. 40:^
which commands a fine view. About 1 M. from this point are the Weckers-
dorf Rocks, a 'Felsenstadt' resembling those of Adersbuch and Weckcls-
dorf. A visit (with guide, IK.) to this labyrinth occupies 2 hrs. — From
the Stern a route leads to the (3 hrs.) Heuschcuer (see below), via (20 min.)
Gross-Labney, (Vi^r.) Dilrrengruiid, (3/^ hr.) Bielai, (1/4 hr.) Melden, ('/., hr.)
Nausenei, and (V2 hr.) Fassendorf.
From Mittelsteine to Naohod via Wunschelkukg and the Heu-
scHEUER. — From Mittelsteine (p. 402) we proceed by a light railway to
(51/2 M.) 'Wunschelburg (1270 ft. ; Schwarzer Adlcr ; Nitzschc), a small
town with 2800 inhab. on the Kalticasser. — The Road to the Ileuscheuer
(carr. to Karlsberg 6-8 cS, to Kudowa 10-12 Ji) turns off to the W. a little
short of Wiinschelburg, skirts the mountain to the riglit, and gradually
ascends to (23/^ hr.) Karlsberg (229(5 ft.; Post; Stiebler), on the 8. side
of the Grosse Heuschcuer (thence to the top V2-"V4 hr.).
The ^Heuscheuer (2985 ft.; Schweizerhaus) rises about 500 ft.
above the lofty plain. The grotesque rock-formations here have various
whimsical names (walk through them, with guide, V2-I l»r- 1 fee V4-I «^)-
Fine view from the Tafelsteiu. The liighcst point is the Grossvaterstuhl
(3020 ft.), a seat hollowed out in a small rocking-stone.
Beyond Karlsberg the road descends rapidly to (T'/g M.) Kiuloica
(p. 405). — The load from Kudowa to (41/2 M.) Nachod (railway projected ;
carr. 4, with two horses 6 J^) joins the Glatz and Nachod road at the
village of SacJcisch (p. 105).
66. Prom Breslau to Glatz and Mittelwalde.
Railway to Glatz, 58 M., in 1V2-2V> hrs. (fares 8 .S 60, 5 ./C 60, 3 .«
50 pf.) ; to Mittelwalde, 81 M., in 2V2-33/4"'hrs. (10 .^ 90, 7 JC 30, 4 c^ 50 pf.).
Best views to the right.
Breslau, see p. 374. — 23 M. StreUen (Fiirst Bliicher, R. 21/4,
D. 1^4^^), with 9000 inhab., on the Ohlau, which the train ascends.
45 M. Camenz (Rail. Restaurant ; Schwarzer Adler), on the
Neisse, the junction for the line between Liegnitz and Neisse (R. 67).
The church belonged to a Cistercian abbey, founded early in the
15th century. An inscription in the choir records a tradition that
Frederick the Great escaped capture by the hostile Croatians here
in 1745 by assuming the garb of a monk.
Near the village rises the imposing modern Gothic chateau of Prince
Frederick Henry of Prussia; in the park behind it fountains play on
Sun. and Thurs. from 3 to 5 p.m. — A light railway runs from Camenz
to (71/2 M.) Reichenstein (Post), with its arsenic mines, whence a road
leads to (12 M.) Bad Landeck (see p. 404). Pedestrians should choose the
route through the Schlacken-Tal and past the Rosenkranz Chapel (tavern),
a walk of 5 hrs.
521/2 M. Wartha (850 ft.; Goldener Stern; Gelber Loive), a
small town, with 1300 inhab. and a frequented pilgrimage -church
(1682-95). A steep path ascends to the Chapel of St. Anna on the
Warthaberg (1840 ft.; view). Tunnel.
58 M. Glatz (843 ft.; Kaiserhof, very fair; Weisses Lanun^
well spoken of; Staclt Rom; Stadthahnhof ; Rail. Restaurant), a
strongly-fortified town on the Neisse, with 16,100 inhab., is com-
manded by the conspicuous keep of the old castle, 300 ft. above it
404 Roufe 66. LAXDECK. Glatz
(tickets of admission at the commandant's office, 50 pf.). — Excur-
sion to the Glatzer Gebirge, see below. — From Grlatz to Kohlfnrt,
see R. 59.
70 M. Habelschwerdt (1200 ft.: Deutsches Haus, R. li/g-
2Y2, ^' IV2 ^^/ Drei Karpfen)^ a district-town with GOOOinhab.,
pleasantly situated on the Xeisse, 1 31. from the station. The
Chapel of St. Florian, 1 M. to the E., affords a fine view; another
good point of view is the Dohlenherg (1910 ft.), 4 M. to the ^.,
bevond the Weistritz and the (2^/o M.; Wiisffug imn). — Omnibus
to Wolf elsgrund (p. 405;, 1 -J/: 20'pf.
73 M. LangenaUj ^4-^- fi'on^ the pleasant little BadLangenau
[1170 tt.:; Kurhaus; Annahof: Jagerhof)^ with chalybeate and
mud baths. There are several good points of view in the neigh-
bourhood.
81 M. Mittelwalde (1445 ft.; Goldener Stern)^ the Prussian
frontier-station, picturesquely situated. The Austrian N.W. Rail-
way runs hence to (56 M. : in 4 hrs.i Kdniggrcitz ^ etc. Pleasant
excursions may be taken to Burg Littitz, Pottensteinj Gndichj the
Schwedenschanzej etc.
The Glatzer Gebirge.
The finest points among the Glatzer Gebirge. or Glatz Mts., may
all be visited from Glatz within two days. — 1st Day. By railway to
Landeck and Seiteuberg : walk through tlie Klessengrund and ascend the
Schneeherg , spending the night at the Schweizerei. 2nd Day. "Walk to
the Wolf els fall and 3Iariaschnee and thence via Wolfelsdorf to Hahel-
schiverdt or Bad Langenau.
Railway from &latz to Seitexberg, 20 M., in 2 hrs. ('fares
1 --.// 50, 95 pf.). — 8 M. Ullersdorf I'Heimann), with a chateau of
Count Magnis and a large flax-spinning factory. Beside the road is
a cast-iron obelisk. 82 ft. high, erected to Queen Louisa in 1802.
— 151 2 ^- Landeck '1480 ft.: Blauer Hirsch), a town with
3500 inhab., on the Biele. About 1 .^ M. to the S.E. lie the Baths
of Landeck (1530 ft.; Schlossel ;' Monopoly R. 2-3, B. V,^ Ji ;
Duppeler Hof: Merkur: Krone; visitors' tax 15-25 Jc)^ with
warm sulphurous springs '68-84^). known as early as the 13th cent.,
and used both internally and externally (11,000 patients yearly).
Beautiful shadv ^rounds.
Among the walks may be mentioned the JIarienhdhe (1525 ft. ; 10 min.) ;
the Waldternpel (1542 ft'; 10 min.), amidst beautiful pines (restaurant) ;
the SchoUensteiu (1770 ft.), V2 hr. to the S. : farther off, the Hohenzoller-
fels (2165 ft. ; 3 '4 hr.), with fine view ; still more extensive view from the
Dreiecker (2526 ft.: 1 hr.), stretching to the Giant Mts. ; the ruin of
Karpenstein (2546 ft. : 1 hr.), with tower : view of Landeck from the
Bismarckkoppc (1752 ft. : 1 hr.), and still finer from the Ueherschaar,
a basaltic rock, 3'^ hr. to the X.E., or from the Earthe, ^U hr. to the X.
— A pleasant drive from Landeck via Seitenherg to the (9 M.) rustic inn
on the Puhu (2950 ft.), and thence straight on to (2V4 M.) a marble guide-
Mountains. REINERZ. 66. Route. 405
post, showing the route straight on to MuriaHchnoe, and to the Idt to
(3 M.) the WolfeUgrund (see below; carr. with two horses 18./^;.
1772 M. Olhersdorf, with a liydropatliic. — 20 M. Seitenhery
(Naussaucr Hof), with a chateau of Prince FrcdcrickHenry of Prussia.
From Seitciiberg we may walk on to Altwohraii^ anrf, bearing to
the right (S.W.), through the Klesse/i grand to the (4 hrs.) Sckwehercl
(3995 ft.; fair inn), beyond which we reach the top of Die Schnee-
berg. On the summit (4660 ft.) stands the K(UHer-]\"dhr/,n-'J'nrni
(100 ft. high; restaurant), affording a view of the basin of Glatz,
the Silesian plain, the Altvater-Gebirge (to the E.), and the wild
valleys of the March and its affluents which rise here towards the
south.
About 1/4 hr. from the Schweizerei is a finger-post, whence we
descend in 1/2 hr. to the W. to the upper Wolfelsgrund; \ ., hr.
farther down the valley is joined by another valley lying more to
the N.; IY2 iii^- (from the Schweizerei) the picturesque' Wolfidnfall.
(*Inn zur guten Laune, with steps descending to the fall, D. 2, pens.
51/2-7 Jl; Forelle, R. 1-3 ^M ; omn. to Habelschwerdt 1 Jl 20 pf.),
which is precipitated from a height of 90 ft. into a narrow rocky
basin, whence it escapes through a deep gorge into the plain.
We may now drive in 1 hr. via Wolfelsdorf to Ebersdorf;
pedestrians, however, should make a short circuit (^4 hr.) to the
N., in order to visit the conspicuous pilgrimage-chapel oi'^'Maria-
schnee, or 'Spitziger Berg' (2779 ft.; Schone Aussicht), situated on
a sharp ridge, and commanding a magnificent prospect. Extensive
panorama from the 'observatory' 10 min. above the cliapel (key
kept at the chapel). From the chapel to Hal)elschwerdt 2' 2 ^^^'^-i
to Langenau (p. 404) 3 hrs.; the keeper of the chapel acts as guide
if desired.
From Gtlatz to Kudowa (27V2 M.). Railway to (16 M.) Stadt Reinerz
in 1 hr. (fares 1 ^ 30, 80 pf.) and thence to Kucfoica-Sackisch (IVj., M.) in
3/4 hr. (through-fares 2 J6 10, 1 ^ 35 pf.). — Glatz, see p. 103. — The
railway runs via (8V2 M.) Alt-Heide (1215 ft.; Kurhaus ; Tiroler Hof), a
small watering-place with chalybeate springs. 12V> M. i??Vc7t£';-.9 (1500 ft. ;
Germania), with the chateau of Waldstein (1831).
16 M. Reinerz (1820 ft.; Schivarzer Bar, R. 13/4-31/2, D. l^U JC:
Deutsches Haus), a small town of 3100 inhabitants. The Roman Catholic
church contains a curious pulpit, representing the whale that swallowed
Jonah. Reinerz is connected bv an avenue as well as bv the road with
(1 M.; cab for 1 pers. 60 pf.) Bad Keinerz (1865 ft.; ^Fark Hotel, R.
2-41/2, D. l-'^/4-2V2, pens. 53/^-81/2-^. ^vith tlependance; Germania, R. Vj.,-b,
D. IV4-2, pens, from 4^; nnmerons lodging-houses and restanrants ;
visitors' tax 20 JC), a favourite watering-place, with alkaline springs,
which are efficacious in nervous disorders, poverty of blood, and the like.
Charming environs. The Hohe ]\fense (2870 ft.), 2V2 hrs. to the S., eom-
mands an extensive view towards Bohemia; we may retnrn thence via
Grimwald and the Seefelder, a high-lying moor.
The train (pretty scenery) penetrates the Batscheubcrg (2635 ft.)
by a tunnel and then descends via (25 M.) Lewin (1415 ft.) to (2TV2 M.)
Kitdowa-SacJcisch (1265 ft.)- About l'/-. M. to the N. of the station lies
Kudowa (1270 ft.; Filrstenhof, R. from 2, D. t^l^JC: Graf Molfke;
Neue Welt; Kur-Hotel, pens, b^j.^-ii ^S), a pretty and well-equipped little
406 ^oute 67. SCnWEWmTZ.
spa (4800 visitors), with strong alkaline springs, containing arsenic,
used principally for bathing (-champagne baths') but also for drinking.
There are several good points of view in the vicinity. — From Kudowa
to Nachod. see p. 403.
67. From Liegnitz to Konigszelt, Neisse,
and Kandrzin.
136 M. E AIL WAY in 7 hrs.
Liegnitz, see p. 373. Tlie line crosses the Katzbacli, and between
(^4 M.) Xeuhof smd (9^2 ^O Breckelshof miersects the field of the
Battle of the Katzhach. in which, on 26th Aug., 1813, Bliicher
signally defeated the French under ^lacdonald. Xear this spot Duke
Henrv II. of Lieo^nitz defeated the heathen Mono;olians in 1241,
but fell in the battle. His mother St. Hedwig erected a chapel here,
round which the monastery of Wahlstatty now a military school,
afterwards grew up. — 13 M. Jauer (pop. 13,500} is noted for its
sausages. — 23 M. Striegau (^730 ft.: Graul; Deutscher Kaiser), a
town with 13.500 inhab. and a church of the 14th cent., is famous
for the victory gained by Frederick the Great over the Austrians
and Saxons, commanded by Prince Charles of Lorraine, in 1745;
the battle, however, is better known as that of Hohenfriedherg^
where the Austrians took refuge. On the 'Siegeshohe' (rfmts.) is a
memorial tower.
BRAxcH-LiyE to (12V2 ^-^ Bolkenhain (115 ft. ; Schivarzer Adler;
Burg: Rail. Best a a rani), a pleasant little town with 4000 inhab., com-
manded on the S.W. by the ruins of the Bolkoburg (view from the tower).
About 2 M. to the X.E. is the interesting ruin of Schv:einhaus , in the
early-Renaissance style. The line goes on Xo (lO^J.j^.) Merzdoi'f {'p.BSl).
29 31. Konigszelt, see p. 401. The train skirts the village of
Bunzelicitz m. 401 and crosses a long viaduct.
35 M. Schweidnitz i820ft.: Tharnm, at the station in the
upper town. R. 2\ 2-3, B. ^/4, D. 1^ ^ ^/, good; Goldene Krone;
Goldener Scepter, both in the market-place; Cafe Hohenzollern)^
a town with 30,600 inhab., formerly the capital of a principality
of the same name ('Prussian since 1741). is prettily situated on the
left bank of the Weistritz. In the ^\'ilhelm-Platz, near the station,
is the Post Office. The tower 1328 ft.) of the Boman Catholic
Church (14-I5th cent.) commands an admirable prospect. The Prot.
Friedens-Kirche was completed in 1658. The old fortifications
were removed in 1868 and converted into promenades. In the market-
place are three fountains of the 17th cent, and the Bathaus. with
an oriel of 1716 and a tower of 1548. The beer of the place ^Bier-
halle, with garden, in the AVilhelm-Platz) is famous, especially the
'Schwarze Schops', which was largely exported in the I6th century.
From Schweidnitz to CnARLOTTEyBRuxx. 15 M., light railway in
1 hr. through the pretty valley of the Weistritz (views to the leftj. —
From (51/2 M.) Breitenhain walkers should follow the pleasant wooded
NEISSE. ^7. Roitte. 407
valley of the Welstritz, liere called the "^Schlcsicr-Tal, to (3 M.) Kynau. —
8 M. Kynau (1205 ft.; Kynshiuf,'), a villaf,'e of 500 in ha 1)., (loiiiiiiated by
the (20 min.) extensive and well -preHerved ruin of KijUKhnry (1475 ft.;
adm. 80 pf.; inn); 10 M. llauadorf. — 15 M. Chariot tcnhntnn (p. 3H7).
Railway to Zobteii and Jin.slatt, .see p. 381.
39 M. Kreisau. On a liill to the left, close to thi; line, i.s .i ifd
chapel in which Field-Marshal Moltke (d. 1891) is buried.
47 M. Reichenbach (855 ft.; Schivarzer Adler, \ ._, M. Iruin
the station; Goldene Krone, K. l^r'^ ^ ; Rail. Jle.staurant), a
town of 16,000 inhab., is historically interesting as tlie scene of a
victory gained by the Prussians over Daun in 1762.
The Eulen-Gebirge, a picturesque mountain-district, may be visited
from Reichenbach as f ollow^s : by light railway to (3 M.) Mittcl- Peter s-
lualdau (Krone), with a chateau of Count Stolberg:; thence on foot
to (IV2 M.) Steinselfersdorf (Inn zur Ulbriclitshohc), and throuf^h the
Schmiedegrund to (-IV2 M.) the Gassthof zii den Sicben Kurfiir.sten, at
the highest point (2460 ft.) of the road. We then follow a path (red and
white marke) to the left to (1 hr.) the *//o7?e Enle (3325 ft.; adm. to view-
tower 15 pf.)) tlit^ culminating point of the group, and descend in 1-1 Vi hr.
to the manufacturing village of Waste- Waltersdorf {1110 ft.; inn), which
lies 71/2 M. by highroad (or iV2 M. by forest-path; yellow signs) from
waste- Giersdorf (p. 387).
For Neurode we take the light railway to (41/2 M.) Oher- Peter swaldau
and walk thence to (2 M.) Stehiknnzendorf (inns), and to the (^/^ hr.)
Hausdorfer Kreuz (2625 ft.), Reimskoppe (20 min.), Sonnenkoppc (20 min.),
and via the Blelauer or Hausdorfer Pldnel (10 min.) to the (20 min.)
^Ascherkoppe. Then back to the (V4 hr.) Planel and down (S.W.) to the
(1/2 111*-) forester's house in the Trdnkegritnd. Thence to Neurode (p. 387)
in 13/^-2 hrs.
From Reichenbach to Mittelsteine, 28 M., light railway in 2V2 hrs.
— 41/2 M. Oher - Peter swaldau (sec above); 7 M. Ober-Langenbielau
(Preussischer Hof), the largest village (20,000 inhab.) in Silesia. — 16 M.
Silberberg (1280 ft. ; Prinz von Preussen) is a small town (1100 inhab.),
with fortifications largely hewn in the living rock. — I8V2 M. Silberberg-
Festmig (1770 ft.). — 28 M. Mittelsteine, see p. 388.
55 M. Gnadenfrei, a Moravian colony.
61 M. Frankenstein (Umlaaff), a small town with 8400 in-
hab., is situated in the most fertile district in Silesia. The Schluss-
berg, crowned with an extensive ruin, commands a beautiful view
of the Eulen-Gebirge and Silberberg.,
66 M. Camenz, the junction for the Breslau and Glatz railway
(R. 66). — The train follows the course of the Neisse. 12\., M.
Patschkau (Sachs), with 6000 inhab., a church of the 15th cent.,
and a fairly preserved town-wall.
89 M. Neisse (Kaiserhof, R. 2^j^4^:^, B. 1, D. from 2 JC ;
Liebig'Sj R. 2-3 =.//; Weisser Schivan; cab 50 pf., per hr. 1^^,,
with two horses 2 JC), a pleasant town, with 25,300 inhab. and a
military academy, in a pretty district on the Neisse. In the King,
or market-place, rise the Rathaus (1499), with a tower 240 ft. in
height, the Stadthaiis, and the Kdmrnerei (1604, restored in 1890).
The Roman Catholic Church of St. James was completed in 1430.
The KreuZ'Kirche, distinguished by its two towers and ornamented
Baedeker's N. Germany. 15th Edit. 26
408 lioute 68. BRIEG.
with frescoes, dates from 1715. The Museum contains a few anti-
quities. The poet Joseph von Eichendorff', who died here in 1857
and is buried in the Jerusalemer-Kirchhof , is commemorated by
a monument. Pleasant promenades lead to the Davidshohe and
the Sellerie (restaurant), two picturesque view-points.
Brauch-liues run to Oppehi (p. 409) and to Brieg (see below).
97 M, Deutsch-Wefte, where a branch-line diverges for Ziegen-
hals (for Troppau and Olmiitz; see Baedekers Austria).
107 M. Xeustadt (G-oldeues Kreuz; Schwarzer Adler), with
20,200 inhab. : 116 M. Deutsch-Basselwitz, junction for LeobschUtz
and Bafibor <p. 409: 311/2 ^- in IV2 lir.).
The train crosses the jtlotzenplotz near (121 M.) Ober-Glogau
(Koschet R. 2-3 ^), a town of 7000 inhab., with the chateau of
Count Oppersdorff, built in the 17th cent, and containing inter-
esting works of art and antiquities.
133 M. Cosel (Kronprinz), a town with 7500 inhab., on the
left bank of the Oder, formerly the capital of a duchy and fortified
down to 1874. Monument in memory of the defence of the town
against the French in 1807. Promenades on the site of the old
fortifications.
^Ve now cross the Oder. — 136 M. Kandrzin, the junction of
the Breslau and Oderberg railway (see R. 68).
68. From Breslau to Oderberg (Vienna) and
to Cracow.
Express to (112 M.) Oderberg in 3 hrs. (fares 16 JC 50, 10 JCIO, Q JC
80 pf.); to (284 M.) Vienna in 9 hrs. (fares 44 JC 40, 21 JC 90 pf., 16 JC);
to (183 M.) Cracow in 6 hrs. (fares 2Q JC 60, 16 JC 90, 10 c^ 40 pf.).
BreslaUj see p. 374. — 16 M. Ohlau (pop. 9200; Lowe), a small
town on the Oder, with extensive tobacco -fields. Steamboat to
Breslau (see p. 376). — To the right, near Brieg, rises the church
of Molhcifz, where the Austrians were defeated by Frederick the
Great in 1741.
26 M. Brieg (485 ft.: Goldenes Lamm, good; Piasten-Hotel ;
Beichskrone, R. V ^-2^0 -Ji : cab 50 pf., each addit. pers. 10 pf.),
a town of 27,500 inhab., on the Oder, was the residence of the
Princes of Brieg from 1311 to 1675. The old Pia^ten-Schloss was
begun in 1544, and completed by Lombard and German architects
in the most tasteful Renaissance style in 1547-86. The finest part
of the building is the *Portal, constructed of sandstone and covered
with figures and rich ornamentation. The carriage -approach and
the courtyard are highly interesting in point of architecture. The
picturesque Bathaus also dates from the 16th century. The most
noteworthy churches are the Prot. Xicolai-Kirche (14th cent.) and
BEUTHEN. Gfi. Route. 409
the Roman Catholic Hedwigs - Kirche (1735). IJimikIi - lifir to
Neisse (p. 407).
The Oder is crossed near (51 M.) Oppeln (Fonu\s Ilnlcl^ K.
from 2, B. V^, D. Vj^-^^j^JC, very fair; Schwarzer Adler ; Rail.
Restaurant) J the seat of government for Upp(;r Silesia, with
80,800 inhabitants. The New Chfifeau, on an island in the Oder,
was founded in the 14th cent., and is now occupied ijy gov(-rnment
officials. The Protestant Church {lUh cent, choir) and the Roman
Catholic Church both contain tombs of the Dukes of Oppeln. We
are now in Polish- speaking territory. — Branch -lines run from
Oppeln to Neisse (see p. 407), to Tarnowitz via Vussowska (\). 410j,
to Beuthen (see below; in 1V2-'^V4 ^^'^Oj ^^id to Namslav (p. 410;
in 21/4-3 hrs.).
The main line next skirts the Annaberg (with a celebrated pil-
grimage-church). — 76 M. Kandrzin (Rail. Restaurant)^ the
junction of the Cosel and Liegnitz line (see p. 408). To Cracovjj
see below.
91 M. Nendza^ the junction of a railway to Kattowitz (p. 410).
The train crosses to the left bank of the Oder.
96 M. Ratibor (Prinz von Prenssen ; Rahner's, R. 2-3, D.
V/2 ^, very fair; Knittel; Rail. Restaurant), with 32,800 inhab.,
possesses a handsome court-house by Schinkel, a beautifully situated
chateau, and a fine Gothic church (15th cent.). Pleasant walk to
the (4 M.) Stadtwald (view). — Railway to Deutsch- Rasselwitz
(p. 408).
The train again crosses the Oder, which here forms the boundary
between Prussia and Austria, and stops at (112 M.) Oderberg, the
seat of both the German and the Austrian custom-house authorities.
— From Oderberg to Vienna and to Cracoiv^ see Baedeker's
Austria.
From Kandrzix to Cracow, 107 M. , railway in 4 hrs. —
23 M. Gleiwitz (Goldene Gans, R. 2-3 ^/^ : Mo nopal; Schle-
sischer Hof), an old town with 61,300 inhab. and a fine church
(16th cent.). Branch to (16^/^ M.) Kattowitz, via (9 M.^ Morgen-
rot, the junction for Tarnowitz (p. 410). — A busy mining and man-
ufacturing district is now traversed.
35 M. Beuthen {Reichshof, Bahnhof-Str.; SkrocNs, PI. b;
Schlesischer Hof, PI. d; Prinz von Preussen, PL a, R. 2-4, D.
2 c^; Nowak, PI. c; cab 50, 2 pers. 60 pf.), with 60,000 inhab., is
the capital of a district and centre of the important Upper Silesian
mining industry. The chief objects of interest in the town include
the Rathaus (1880), the equestrian statue of Frederick the Great
(by Tuaillon), the Mar ieri- Kirche (16th cent.), and the old timber
church in the Town Park.
Railway to Oppeln, see above; to Oels and Breslau, see R. tj'J.
26*
410 P^oute 69. OELS.
391 2 ^^- Konigshiitte: 41V g ^- Schwientochlowitz^ where the
branch from Crleiwitz 'see p. 4091 unites with our line.
46 M. Kattowitz (-Grand Hotel Wiener^ PI. a; "^ Monopoly
PL b: Retzlaff, PL c; Russischer Hof, PL d; cab for 1, 2, 3, &
4 pers. 50, 60, 80 pf., IJC)^ a thriving industrial town with
36.000 inhab.. is the chief seat of the coal-trade of Upper Silesia.
In the Wilhelm-Platz is a bronze group of Emp. William I. and
Emp. Frederick III. In the South Park, 1 M. from the rail, station,
are an open-air restaurant and a Bismarck Tower (view).
Railways run from Kattowitz to Nendza (p. 409), to Dzieditz, on the
Oderberg-Cracow line (p. 409), and to Oels and Breslau (E. 69).
Beyond ^52 M. 1 Myslowitz the train crosses the Austrian fron-
tier. — 1137 M. Cracow, see Baedeker's Austria.
69. Prom Breslau to Kattowitz via Oels.
135 M. Express in 4 hrs. (fares 16 JC 80, 10 ^ 20, 6 c^ 70 pf.).
Breslau (central station), see p. 374. — 8V2 ^- Hundsfeld,
the junction for TrehnitZj with the Hedwigsbad (chalybeate baths);
11 M. Sibyllenort, with a fine chateau and park of the King of
Saxony.
•21 M. Oels iGoldener Adler, R. 2-3, D. II/2 c^J, a pleasant
town (pop. 10.900 1, on the Oelsa, once the capital of a principality,
which formerly belonged to the Dukes of Brunswick and passed to
Prussia in 1884. The Schloss. built in the 16-1 7th cent., has a fine
gate of 1603 and an interesting court. Branch-lines run hence to
Gneseu (p. 372) and to Wilhehnshrucl\ on the Russian frontier. —
38 M. Xamslau, 71/0 ^- ^o the S. of which is Minkowsky, where
General Seidlitz died in 1773. To Oppeln, see p. 409. — From
(61^/2 ^^0 Kreuzhurg (pop, 10,900: Fiirst Bismarck) a railway runs
to the X. to Posen (p. 370: 125 M. in ca. 5 hrs.), and a loop-line
via Vossoicska (p. 409) to Lublinitz. — 92 M. Lublinitz; II2Y2 M-
Tarnowitz (Glufke's), a mining town with 12,700 inhabitants. —
123 M. Beuthen, see p. 409. — 130 M. Laurahutte, with large
iron-works: 132 M. Eichenau^ the junction of a short branch-line
to Schoppinitz (for "VTarsaw;. — 135 M. Kattowitz. see above.
INDEX.
Abtsbcrg, the 300.
Abtsroda 340.
Adamiberg, the 289.
Adersbach 398.
Adlersberg, the 298.
Adlershorst, the 358.
Adorf 232. 259.
Agnetendorf 391.
Ahlbeck 350.
Ahldcn 113.
Ahorn 289.
Ahrendsberger Klippen
327.
Ahrenshoop 166.
Ahrensklint 330.
Aichelburg 396.
Albungen 338.
Alexanderhohle 42.
Alexandrowka 27.
Alexisbad 316.
Alfeld 69.
Alkersum 144.
Allendorf 338.
AUenstein 360.
AUer, the 101. 113.
Almelo 69.
Alsen 142.
Alsfeld 337.
Altdamm 347.
Alte Burg 401.
Altefahr 167.
Altena 41.
Altenau 332.
Altenbeken 45.
Altenberg 227.
Altenbergen 298.
Altenbrak 318.
Altenburg 257.
— , the 333.
Altenessen 31.
Altenkirchen (Rugen)
167.
Altenrode 328.
AUenstein 286.
Alt-Gaartz 162.
— Heide 405.
— Heikendorf 138.
Altmohrau 405.
Altona 130.
Alt-Richmond 92.
Altwasser 401.
Altzella 235.
Amclungsborn 49.
Amnierbac'h 270.
Aniuneburg 334.
Amnmi 114.
Amsclgrund, the 215.
Amtgehren 295.
St. Andrcasberg 332.
Angeln 140.
Angelroda 295.
Angermiinde 344.
Anhalt, ruin 315.
Anklani 164.
Annaberg (Saxony) 229
— , the 409. ^
Anna-Kapelle 391.
Tal, the 282.
Apenradc 142.
Apfclstadtgrund 299.
Apolda 264.
Appenrode 309.
Arendsee 155.
Arkona 169.
Arlesberg 295.
Arminius Monument 37.
Arneburg 40.
Arnsberg 56.
Arnsburg, monast. 337.
Arnsdorf (near Liegnitz)
373.
(Saxony) 400.
(Giant Mts.) 393.
Arnstadt 292.
Arnstein, the (near
Aschersleben) 310.
-, the (Saxony) 219.
(chateau) 338.
Arnswalde 347.
Arolscn 57.
Artern 304.
Ascheberg 152.
Aschenbergstein 300.
Ascherkoppc 407.
Aschersleben 310.
Astenberg, the Kahle 50.
Atzcrballig 142.
Aue 231.
Auenberg 334.
Auerberg, the 322.
Auerhahn, the 325.
Auersberg (in the Rohn-
Gebirge) 340.
— (in the Erzgcbirge)
232.
Auerstedt 264.
Augustenbiirg 112.
Augustusbad lOO.
Augustus burg 229.
Au mil hie 156.
Aupa, the 387.
Aupagrund, the 39(5.
Aurich 97.
Auwallenburg 301.
Baabe 170.
Babelsberg 28.
Bahrenberg, the 330.
Bahre-Tal 317.
Ballenstedt 314.
Baltic Ship Canal 138.
Baltrum 101.
Balzer's Lager 221.
Bansin 350.
Barbarossa Cavern 305.
Barchfeld 285.
Bardowick 114.
Biirenbach-Tal 302.
Biirenfels 228.
Bjirenstein, the 326.
Barensteine, the 210.
Barmen 11.
Baropturm, the 271.
Barringen 231.
Barsinghausen 79.
Barth 166.
Barthmlihle 261.
Basedow 155.
Bassum 133.
Bast 321.
Bastei, the 214. 210.
Baucrbach 281.
Baumannshohle, the 321.
Bautzen 399.
Be bra 267.
Beckum 35.
Beerberg, the 297. 329.
Begerburg 222.
Beirode 301.
Belecke 43.
Belgard 347.
Belleben 310.
Belvedere, chateau 276.
Benneckenstein 329.
Bcnsersiel 100.
Bentheim 69.
Bentschen 370.
Benzigerode 320.
Berga (near Greiz) 261.
412
IXDEX.
Berga (near Kelbra) 305.
Berg-Dievenovr 350.
Bergedorf 156.
Bergen 167.
Berssriesshiibel 210.
Bereholz. the 83.
Berka 276.
Berleburg 336.
Berlin i.
Academy of Science 10.
— of Architecture 12.
— of Music 24.
— . Technical 24.
Admiraltv 20.
Alexander-Platz 18.
Alsen-Platz 22.
Antiquarium 14.
Antiquities. Gallery of
14.
— from Western Asia
14.
Arsenal 11.
Art. School of 24.
Art -Industrial Muse-
um 20.
Ausstellungs-Park 22.
Baths 5.
Bau-Akademie 12.
Beer Restaurants 3.
Behren-Strasse 18.
Belle- Alliance-Platz
21.
— Bridge 21.
Bellevue 23.
Beuth-Schinkel - Muse-
um 24.
Borse 17.
Brandenburg Gate 10.
Cabs 5.
Cafes 4.
Casts. Collection of 14.
Cathedral 12.
Chamber of Deputies
21.
Chancellor of the Em-
pire. Office of the 19.
— . Resid. of the 19.
Chiarite 17.
Charlottenburg 23.
— Road 23.
Charlotten-Strasse 18.
Churches :
American 9.
Cathedral 12.
Emp.PrederickMem-
orial Church 22.
Emp. William Mem-
orial Church 24.
English 9. 17.
French 18.
St. George's 17.
Berlin :
Churches :
Gnaden-Kirche 17.
St. Hedwig's 11.
Kloster-Kirche 18.
Marien-Kirche 18.
Xew Church 18.
St. Nicholas" 17.
Circus 9.
Collections 6.
Column of Peace 21.
Commandant. Resid.
of the 12.
Concerts 8.
Confectioners 4.
Consulates 9.
Diary 6. 7.
Dom* 12.
Egyptian Museum 14.
Eleyated Railway 1.
Embassy. American 9.
— . Austrian 22.
— , British 9. 19.
- — . French 10.
— . Russian 10.
Eugrayings. Cab. of 14.
Ethnographical Mu-
seum 20.
Exchange 17.
Exhibition Park 22.
Foreign Office 19.
Friedeus-Allee 21.
Friedenssaule 21.
Friedrichstadt 18.
Friedrich-Strasse 18.
Gendarmen-Markt 18.
Grunevrald. the 24.
Guard House. Royal 11.
Halle Gate 21.
Herrenhaus 20.
Hohenzollern-Museum
17.
Home Office, Imper.l9.
Hospices 3.
Hotels 2.
Hotels Garnis 3.
IndustrialArt. Museum
of 20.
Inyaliden-Haus 17.
Justice Office, Imper.
19.
Kaiser Friedrich Mu-
seum 14.
Kaiser-Galerie 10.
Kaiser Wilhelm Aca-
demy 17.
■ — Brlicke 12.
Konigs-Platz 21.
Konigswache 11.
Kreuzberg 21.
Kroll's 8. 22.
Berlin :
Kiinstler-Haus 20.
Kurfiirsten-Briicke 13.
Landwehr-Kanal 21.
Leipziger-Platz 20.
— Strasse 19.
Library. Royal 10.
— . — (6ld)'ll.
Linden, the 10.
Lustgarten 12.
Market. Central 18.
Mausoleum, Royal 24.
Military Reyiews 9.
Mines, 'School of 17.
Ministerial Offices 10.
11. 19. 20.
Moltke-Briicke 22.
Monbijou 17.
Monuments :
Augusta, Empressll.
Beethoyen 23.
Berolina 18.
Beuth 12.
Bismarck 22.
Blucher 11.
Brandenburg 20.
Bulow 11.
Frederick III., Em-
peror 15. 21.
Frederick the Great
10.
Frederick Wil-
liam III. 12. 23.
Frederick Wil-
liam lY. 14.
Gneisenau 11.
Goethe 23.
Great Elector 13.
Hardenberg 20.
Haydn 23.
Helmholtz 11.
Humboldt. W. and
A. yon 11.
Keith 19.
Leopold yon Anhalt-
Dessau 19.
Lessing 23.
Louisa, Queen 23.
Luther 18.
Mitscherlich 11.
Moltke 22.
Mozart 23.
Roon 22.
Scharnhorst 11.
Schiller 18.
Schinkel 12.
Schwerin 19.
Seydlitz 19.
Stein 20.
Thaer 12.
Treitschke 11.
INDEX.
413
Berlin :
Monuments :
Victoria, Erapres821.
Victory (Sieges-
Saule) 21.
Wagner 23.
Warriors' 17. 21.
William I., Emperor
13.
Winterfeldt 19.
Wrangel 20.
York 11.
Zieten 19.
Museum, Agricultural
17.
— , Architectural 24.
— , Colonial 22.
— , Egyptian 14.
— , Emperor Frederick
15.
— , Ethnographical 20.
— , Hohenzollern 17.
— , of IndustrialArt20.
— , Military 12.
— of Mining 17.
— of National Cos-
tumes 18.
— , Natural History 17.
— , New 14.
— , Oceanographical
17.
—, Old 13.
— , Provincial 19.
Music Halls 8.
National Gallery 14.
Omnibuses 5.
Opera House 8. 11.
Palace, Royal 13.
— of the Crown Prince
12.
— of Emperor
William I. 10.
— of Prince Frederick
Henry 21.
— of Prince George 18.
— of Prince Fred.
Leopold 19.
• — of the Princesses 12.
— of Count Redern 9.
Panopticum 9.
Paraden 9.
Parcel Post Office 5.
Pariser-Platz 10.
Passage 10.
Pergamon Frieze 14.
Pfandbriefbank 19.
Picture Exhibitions 5.
— Gallery (National
Gallery) 14.
(Emp. Frederick
Museum) 15.
Berlin :
Pneumatic Post 5.
Police Court 18.
— Office 5.
Popular Resorts 9.
Porcelain Factory 23.
Post Offices 5. 17.
Postal Museum 20.
Potsdamer-Platz 20.
Pringsheim's Housel9.
Railway Stations 1. 18.
20. etc.
Rathaus 17.
Ravene's Picture Gal-
lery 19.
Reichsbank 19.
Reichs-Justizamt 19.
— Postamt 20.
Reichstags-Gebaudc
21.
Restaurants 3. 4.
Ringbahn 2.
Rousseau Island 23.
Schauspielhaus 8. 18.
Schloss 13.
— Brucke 12.
— Brunnen 13.
Seepark 23.
Shops 5.
Sieges-Allee 22.
— Saule 21.
Singakademie 11.
Stables, Royal 13.
Stadtbahn 1.
Statues, sec Mon-
uments.
Synagogue 17.
Telegraph Offices 5.
Tempelhof 21.
Theatres 8.
Tiergarten 22.
Town Hall 17.
Tramways 5.
Treasury, Imperial 19.
Underground Railway
1.
University 11.
Variety Theatres 8.
Victoria Park 21.
Voss-Strasse 19.
War Office 20.
— Monuments 17. 21.
Waxworks 9.
Wertheim's Ware-
house 20.
Wilhclm-Strasse 19.
Wilhelms-Platz 19.
Wine Restaurants 3.
Zelte, the 23.
Zeughaus 11.
Zoolog. Garden 23.
Bernau 314.
Bernhurg 250.
Bertelsdorf (Saxony)
228.
— (Silesia) 38fi.
Bertsdorf :{8.').
Bcstwig 5fi.
Bct/.dorf 42.
Beuthcn 109.
Bevcrungen iu.
Biberhohe 152.
Bibersteine, the 391.
Biebcr, the 340.
Biedenkopf 336.
Biederitz 253.
Bielagrund, the 211.
Bielai 103.
Bielefeld 35.
Bielstein Caverns 43.
Bielsteine 329.
Biencnmiihle 228.
Bill 101.
Binsdorf 219.
Binz 109.
Birkenkopf 322.
Bischofsberg, the 357.
Bischofsheim 340.
Bischofswerda 400.
Bisraarckhohe (near
Scliwarzburg) 292.
— (Giant Mts.) 391.
Bismarckkoppe 404.
Bitterfeld 249. 257.
Blankenberg 153.
Blankenburg (Harz) 320.
— (Thuringia) 290.
Blankencse 131.
Blankcnhain 276.
Blankensee 156.
Blankenstein 33.
Blasewitz 208.
Blaue Kuppc, the 339.
Blaustein, the 396.
Blechhammer 292.
Blexen 109.
Blocks berg 331.
Blumenau 292.
Blumcnberg 249.
Bober, the 387. 389.
Bochuni 33.
Bockwiese 325.
Bode, the 317. 313. 321.
Bodekessel 318.
Bodenbach 211.
BodensteinerKlippen83.
Bodcnwerdcr 67.
Bohlschciben 290.
Bohmisch-Kamnitz 221.
Bohmte 133.
Bokelliolm 139.
Boldixum 144.
414
IXDEX.
Bolkenhaiu 406.
Bolkoburg 406.
Boltenhagen 152.
Bolzenschloss, the 393.
Bomberg-. the 45.
Bordesholm 135.
Borganie 401.
Borkeu 96.
Borkum 99.
Borna 225.
Bornecke 311.
Borsdorf 233.
Borssum 49. 308.
Bovenden 69.
Boynebiirg 339.
Brackwede" 35.
Brake 109.
Brakel 48.
Bramininge 135.
Bramscbe" 109.
Bramwald. the 67.
Brand 381.
— . the 215.
Brandenburg 54.
Brandleite Tunnel 293.
Branitz 382.
Brauhausberg. the 28.
Braunau 402.
Braunesumpf 321.
Braunlage 321.
Braunsberg 362.
Braunschweig, see
Brunswick.
Brechelshof 406.
Bredow 348.
Breege 169.
Breitenau 268.
Breitenberg. the 302.
Breitenhain 406.
Bremen 101.
— Xeustadt 108. 109.
Bremerhaven 109.
Bremker-Tal. the 68.
Breslau 374.
Bretleben 304.
Brieg 408.
Brilon 56.
Broacker 142.
Brocken. the 331.
Bromberg 359.
Brosen 357.
Brotbaude, the 395.
Brotterode 301.
Bruchhauser Steine 56.
Brlickenberg 393.
Brunnenbachsmiihle 309.
321.
Brunnberg 396.
Brunsberg, the 67.
Brunsbiittelkoog 134.
Bruushaupten 155.
Brunswick 84.
^gidienhalle 88.
^.gidien-Markt 88.
Alte Wage 88.
Alt-Richmond 92.
Altstadt-Markt 85.
— Rathaus 85.
Archives 88.
Bohlweg. the 88.
Botanical Garden 91.
Bruch-Tor Promenade
91.
Burg-Platz 86.
Churches :
St. Andrew's 88.
Briidernkirche 86.
St. Catharine's 87.
Cathedral 87.
St. Magnus' 89.
St. Martin's 85.
Dankwarderode 86.
Diet House 85.
Finance Office 87.
Friedrich Wilhelm-
Platz 86.
Gewandhaus 86.
Gildehaus 86.
Hagenmarkt 87.
Huthaus 86.
Kaiser-Wilhelm
Bridge 92.
Lechlumer Holz 92.
St.Leonhards-Platz 92.
Lessing's Grave 92.
Library, Municipal 88.
Lion 86.
Ministerial Offices 87.
Monument-Platz 91.
Monument of Yietorv
91.
Museum. Brunswick
88.
— . Ducal 89.
— , Xat. History 91.
— . Municipal 89.
Xussbers:. the 92.
Obelisk 91.
Olfermann's Monu-
ment 92.
Palace 88.
— of Henrv the Lion
86.
Park, Ducal 89.
Picture Gallerv 90.
Post Office 86.*
Promenades 89.
Railway Park 91.
Rathaus 78.
— . Xeustadt- 88.
Sack, the 86.
Schill's monument 92.
Brunswick:
Schloss-Platz 88.
Sieges-Platz 91.
Stadt-Park 92.
Statue of Henry the
Lion 87.
— of Dukes Fred. Will,
and Charles Will.
Ferd. 88.
— of DukeWilliam87.
— of Abt 89.
— of Bugenhagen 86.
— of Gauss 91.
— of Lessing 89.
Steinweg, the 88.
Synagogue 86.
Technic^al College 91.
Theatre 89.
Till Eulenspiegel
Fountain 86.
Yaterland. Museum 88.
Windmlihlenberg 91.
Wittekop House 86.
Briix 228. "
Buchen 156.
Buchenberg (Harz) 329.
Buchholz (near Harburg)
109. 133.
— (Saxonv) 230.
Buchwald*393.
Buckau 50.
Biickebursr 38.
Buhlen 334.
iBiilowshohe, the 318.
iBiinde 71.
Bungsberg, the 152.
Bunzelwitz 401.
IBunzlau 373.
Burg (Spreewald) 382.
— (Magdeburg) 54.
— (Fehmarn) 152.
Burgberg. the 326.
Burgk. Schloss 259.
Burgkemnitz 248.
Burg-Lesum 108.
Burgsteinfurt 96.
Bursfelde 67.
JBiisum 135.
Butzbach 337.
IBiitzow 152.
Buxtehude 132.
Cadinen 362.
Calau 253. 400.
Calbe 303.
Callenberg 289.
Camburg 268.
Camenz''403.
Cammin 350.
Canth 401.
Carlsfeld 231.
INDEX.
415
Carlshafen 57.
Cariiin 349.
Carola-Felsen 217.
Carolinenhorst 347.
Carolinensiel-Harlc 98.
Casekow 345.
Cassel 57.
Celle 112.
Charlottenbrunn 387.
Charlottenburg 23. 303.
Charlottcnhof 24.
Chemnitz 224.
Chorin 34-4.
Clarabad 47.
Claustal 332.
Coburg 286.
Colbe 334.
Colditz 236.
Collmberg, the 233.
Colmnitz 222.
Cologne 31.
Connern 310.
Connewitz 246.
Conradstal 402.
Corbetha 262.
Corvey 48.
Cosel 408.
Cossebaude 209.
Cossen 225.
Coswig 232.
Cothen 249.
Cottbus 382.
Cranz 367.
Crauzahl 230.
Cranzbeek 367.
Crawinkel 299.
Creuztal 336.
Crimderode 330.
Crimmitschau 258.
Crollwitz 252.
Crossen 260.
Culm 360.
Culmsee 360.
Cummerower See 155.
Custrin 351.
Cuxhaven 132.
Cyriaxburg, the 267.
Czorneboh, the 399.
DagebuU 135.
Dahlen 233.
Dalherda 340.
Dammersfeld 340.
Dammsche See 347.
Damm-Miihle 300.
349,
Danewerk, the 139.
Danholm 165.
Dannstedt 311.
Danzig 352.
Dargen 349.
Dassel 69.
Baedeker's N. Germany.
Dochcnhiihlc, the 42.
Deister Hills 46.
Delfzyl 99.
Delitzsch 252.
Delmenhorst 109.
Dcnimin 1()3,
Denncwitz 171.
Derm bach 283.
Derncburg 83.
Desenberg 56.
Dessau 254.
Detmold 36.
Deutsch-Eylau 360.
— Krone 347.
Lissa 374.
Rasselwitz 408.
Wette 408.
Dieksee, the 152.
Diemel, the 56.
Diepholz 133.
Dietharz 299.
Dictharzer Grrund 291.
Dievenow 349.
Dippoldiswalde 227.
Dirschau 352.
Dittersbach (Siles.) 387.
(Bohem. Switz.) 221,
Dittersbacher Felsen
220.
Dobeln 236.
Doberan 154.
Dobrilugk - Kirchhain
174.
Dohlenberg, the 404.
Dohna 227.
Dolau 261.
Dolauer Heide 252.
Dolmar, the 284.
Domberg, the 294.
Donnerau 387.
Donopkuppe, the 284.
Dornburg 268.
Dornbusch, the 167.
Dorndorf (near Jena) 268.
— (near Salzungcn) 283.
Dornum 97.
Dortmund 33.
Dosse, the 157.
Drachenschlueht 282.
Drachenstein 282.
Dransfeld 67.
Drciannen-Hohne 329.
Dreieckcr 404.
Drei Gleichen 267.
Drei-Herrenstein, the
302.
Drei Steine 395.
Dresden 175.
Academy of Art, Old
182.
' — , New 182.
15th Edit.
Dresden :
Alhcrtinuin 202.
Alhert-lMatz 207.
Alhertst.idt 208.
Altiiiarkt 199.
Altstadt 182.
American Church 205.
179.
Anna Monument 205.
St. Anne's Church 205.
Aniicn-Strassc; 205,
Antiquities, Collection
of 202.
— , Museum of 205.
Archives 201.
Army Museum 208.
Arsenal Collection 208.
Artesian Well 207.
Arts and Crafts School
and Museum 206.
Baths 178.
Bismarck-Platz 205.
Botanic Garden 20().
Bridges 181.
BrUhl Terrace 182.
BUrgervviese 205.
Casts, Collection of
204.
Cemetery 208.
Cholera Fountain 199.
Church Administration
Office 199.
Citv Savings Bank 199.
Coins, Coll. of 185.
Collections 179.
Cosel Palace 199.
Courland Palace 202.
Court Church 183.
Diet House 183.
Dreik()nigskirche 207.
EhrlichFoundation206.
English Church 179.
205.
Engravings, Collect, of
198.
Enquiry Office 179.
Environs 208.
Exhibition 206.
Ferdinandsplatz 205.
Frauenkirche 199.
Friedrichstadt 204.
Gallery of Arms 201.
Garrison Church 208.
Gehe Collection 202.
Georg-Platz 205.
Germania-Monument
199.
Goose -Stealer Foun-
tain 205.
Grosse Garten, the 205.
Green Vault 183.
27
416
INDEX.
Dresden:
Haupt-StraBe 207.
Hauptwache 185.
Herzogin Garden 204.
Hospital 204.
St. James' Church 204.
Japanese Palace 206.
— Garden 207.
Johanneum 200.
St. John's Church 206.
Jiidenhof 202.
Konig- Johann - Strasse
199.
Korner Museum 207.
Kreuzkirohe 199.
Kreuzschule 205.
Kiinstlerhaus 206.
Lesehalle 199.
Librarv 206.
Luther-Kirche 207.
— Monument 199.
Marcolini-Palais 204.
Mathematical Saloon
199.
Maurice Monument
183.
Mews, Royal 204.
Meyer's Collection 205.
Ministries 207.
Moltke-Platz 205.
Museum 186.
— of Antiquities 202.
205.
— . Army 208.
— ^ of Arts and Crafts
206.
— . Ethnographical
198.
— of Folklore 205.
— . Historical 200.
— Johanneum 200.
— , Mineral. 198.
— , Municipal 199.
— , Prehistoric 198.
— , Zoological 198.
Xeumarkt 199.
Xeustadt 206.
Xeustadter Kirchhof.
Old 208.
Xymph Fountain 205.
Opera House 185.
Ostra-Allee 204.
Palace, Royal 183.
Palais-Garten 207.
Picture Gallerv 186.
Pillnitzer-Strasse 206.
Porcelain. Coll. of 201.
Post Office 178. 199.
Post-Platz 199.
Prager-Strasse 205.
Prinzen-Palais 199.
Dresden:
[ Provincial Bank 199.
I Railway Stations 175.
182. 204.
Rathaus. Old and Xew
199.
Reading Room 199.
Reformed Church 199.
Rietschel Monum. 182.
Russian Chapel 205.
Schauspielhaus 207.
Schilling Museum 206.
Scottish Presb. Church
205. 179.
Silberkammer 185.
Sophienkirche 199.
Sport-Platz 206.
Stadt-Museum 199.
Stallgebaude 185.
Standehaus 183.
Statue of Fred. Aug. I.
186.
— of Fred. Aug. II.
202.
— of Augustus the
Strong 206.
— of King Albert 183.
— of King John 185.
— of Bismarck 182.
— of Gutzkow 205.
— - of Korner 205.
— of Mozart 205.
— of Otto 205.
— of Richter 182.
— of Semper 182.
— of Weber 185.
— of Zinzendorf 206.
Steamboats 178.
Stubel Fountain 206.
Supreme Court House
205.
Synagogue 204.
Technical School 205.
Telegraph Office 178.
Theatres 178. 185. 199.
207.
Theater-Platz 185.
Tramways 177.
War Monument 199.
Wettin Obelisk 199.
Wettiner-Strasse 204.
Zentral-Theater 199.
Zoolog. Garden 206.
Zwinger 186.
Driburg 48.
Drubeck 328.
Drugehnen 368.
Driisrgelte 43.
Drusel-Tal, the 66.
Dubberworth 167.
Ducherow 163.
iDuderstadt 306.
IDuhnen 132.
jDuisburg 31.
Dlilmen 134.
Dtimmer-See, the 133.
Dunkeltal 306.
Dlippel 142.
Diirrenberg 262.
Diirrengrund 403.
iDurre Schild 291.
Diirrkamnitz-Grund 219.
Dusseldorf 31.
Diisternbrook 137.
Dzieditz 410.
Ebenhausen 284.
Ebenheit 211.
Ebersbach 400.
Ebersburg, ruin 322.
Ebersdorf 405.
Eberstein. the 291.
Eberswalde 344.
Eckartsberg, the 289.
Eckerkrug 327.
Eckernforde 138.
Edle Krone -m..
Edmundsklamm, the
218.
Egge Hills 45.
Ehrenburg 293.
Ehrenfriedersdorf 229.
Eibau 400.
Eibenstock 232.
Eichenberg 338. 306.
— , the 320.
Eichenforst 322.
Eichicht 262.
Eichwald 228.
Eider, the 135. 139.
Eilenburg 252.
Eilsen 38.
Eilsleben 49.
Einbeck 69.
Einhornhohle, the 308.
Einsiedel, Bad 228.
Eisenach 279.
Eisenberg (near Gera)
260.
— (near Dresden) 232.
Eisfeld 285.
Eisfelder Talmuhle 329.
Eisleben 304.
Ekensund 142.
Elbbrunnen, the 394.
Elbe, the 50. 114. 209.
232. 233. 246. etc.
Elberfeld 41.
Elbfall. the 394.
Elbgrund. the 397.
Elbing 362.
Elbin^erode 321.
INDEX.
417
Elbloiten 219.
Elbseifen, the 307.
Eldcna IGJ.
Elend 329.
Elfenstein, the 327.
Elgersburg 295.
Elisabethbrunnen 335.
EUcnscr-Damm 112.
Ellrich 309.
Elm 340.
Elmen-Salze 249.
Elmshorii 134.
Elsfleth 109.
Elster, Bad 259.
— , the 232. 258. 261.
Elsterberg 261.
Elsterwcrda 174.
Elterlcin 232.
Elzc 69.
Emden 97.
Emleben 298-
Emmertal 45. 67.
Ems, tlie 35. 70. etc.
Engelsbach 298.
Enger 36.
Enschede 69.
Eppendorf 129.
Erbstrom, the 302.
Erdmannsdorf (Saxony)
229.
~ (Silesia) 393.
Eresburg 56.
Erfurt 265.
Erndtebriick 336.
Ernstroda 299.
Erzgebirge, the 226.
Eschwege 338.
Esens 97.
Essen on the Ruhr 32.
— (baths) 134.
Ettersburg 276.
Ettersklippen 326.
Eube, the 340.
Eulengebirge, the 407.
Eulengrund 396.
Eutin 152.
Eutritzsch 246.
Evenburg, Schloss 97.
Exsternsteine, the 37.
Eydtkuhnen 368.
Falkenberg 174. 253.
Falkenberge, the 393.
Falkeneck 289.
Falkenstein (Harz) 315.
— , the (Saxony) 221.
— (Thuringia) 294.
Fallersleben 39.
Farbensumpfe, the 325.
Farge 108.
Farnroda 302.
Fehmarn 152.
Fchrbt'Uin 157.
Fellhaninicr 387.
Fel.s])erg 333.
Ferdinandstein, tlie 215.
Ficlitelberg, the 230.
Fichtelgebirge, the 259.
Finkonburg 97.
Finkenlieerd 373.
F^inkcnwalde 347.
Finnentrop 41.
Finow Canal, the 344.
Finsterbergen 299. 300.
Finsterwalde 253.
Fisclibacli 393.
Fischhauscn 367.
Flensburg 140.
— Fjord 111.
Flinsbcrg 386.
Floha 224.
Flottbek 131.
Flushing 31.
Fohr 14^1.
Forst, the 270.
Forstbauden 396.
Forstberg 393.
Frankenberg (Hessen-
Nassau) 57.
— - (Saxony) 225.
Frankenhausen 305.
F'rankenscharrn - Hlitte
332.
Frankenstein 407.
Frankfort on theOder369.
Frauenberg (near Mar-
burg) 335.
— (near F^ilda) 340.
Frauenburg 362.
Frauendorf 348.
Frauensee 283.
Frauensteiu 222.
Freden 69.
F'redersdorf 351.
Freibachsgrund 297.
Freiberg 222.
Freiburg (Silesia) 401.
Freienwalde 341.
Freiheit 387.
Freudental 358.
Freyburg on the Unstrut
263.
Friedberg 338.
Friedeberg 386.
Friedelhausen 336.
Friedenau 25.
F'riedenstal 45.
Friedland (Silesia) 402.
Friedrichroda 299.
Friedriehsanfang 294.
Friedrichsberg (Schles-
wig) 129.
FrifdrirhMbrunu 319.
Frii'drirhshall 285.
FriedricliHort 138.
Friedrichwruh 1.j6.
Friedrichstadt 135.
Fricdrichstal 161.
Friedriehstcin 333.
Frii'drichswald 16.
Frit'sack 157.
Friesensteiue, ilw 393.
Frisches Haff 361.
Frisian Islands, the 98.
112.
Fritzlar 333.
FrondenbtMg 55.
Fronhausen 336.
Frose 310.
Friittstedt 267.
Fuchsbcrg .396.
Fuchsturm, the 270.
Fulda 339.
^, the 58. 66. 267. 333.
Fiirstcuberg (Wcser) 56.
67.
— (Mecklenburg) 162.
Flirstenstein, Schloss
338
— , — (Silesia) 4()1.
Fiirstensteiner (fruud
401.
Fiirstenwalde 368.
Gaarden 138.
Gal)clbach 296.
Gack'busch 161.
Galgcnberg 83.
Galgcngrund 387.
Galtgrabcn, the 367.
Gandersljcini 49.
Gansekuppe, the 300.
Gardelegen 39.
Garding 135.
Garz 167.
Gaschwitz 257.
Gebrannte Stein, the
294.
Geeste, the 109.
Geestemiinde 108.
Gegensteine, the 311.
Gehlinge, the 396.
Gehlberg, 295.
Gehlbergcr Grund 293.
Gehlsdurf 154.
Gehlshcim 151.
Geliren 295.
Geiergucke 396.
Geisiug 227.
Geismar 333.
Geithaiu 225.
Gelnhausen 341.
(iclsenkirclien 31.
27*
418
I^TDEX.
Gensungen 333.
Genthin 54.
Georeental 298. 299.
Georgshohe. the 319.
Gera 260.
— . the 265. 293.
Gerade Lauter-Tal. the
308.
Gerberstein, the 286.
Gernrode 315.
Gersfeld 340.
Giaut Mts.. the 388.
Giebichensteiu 252.
Giersdorf 391.
Giessen 336. .
Gittelde 308.
Glasbach 292.
Glaserue Monch. the
311.
Glashutte 227.
Glatz 403.
Glatzer Gebirge, the
404.
Glauchau 225.
Gleiberg 336.
Gleichberge. the 285.
Gleichen. the Drei 267.
• — '^uear Gottingen) 69.
Gleiwitz 409.
Glienken 349.
Glosrau 370.
Glowe 169.
Gl6\ren 157.
Gliicksbrunn 286.
Gliicksburg 142.
Gliickstadt 134.
Gnadau 249.
Gnadenfrei 407.
Gnesen 372.
Gohlis 245.
Gohren 170.
Gohrener Viaduct 225.
Gohrisch 217.
Goldap 368.
Goldberg 386.
Goldene^Aue. the 264.
304.
— Hohe. the 208.
Goldlaiiter 298.
Goldner. the 309.
Golluow 347.
Goltzsch-Tal. the 258.
Gorbersdorf 402.
Gorlitz 382.
Goschwitz 270.
Goseck 263.
Gose-Tal. the 325.
Goslar 322.
Gosslershauseu 360.
Gossnitz 258.
Gotha 277.
Gottesberg 387.
Gottesgnaden 303.
Gottingen 67.
Gottleiiba 210.
Gottlob. the 299.
Gotzlow 349.
Graal 163.
Graditz 253.
Grafenhainichen 248.
Grafeuroda 293.
Graue-Tal, the 325.
Granitz. the 170.
Gratz 370.
Graudenz 360.
Grauhof 83.
Graupen 227.
Gravenstein 142.
Grebeustein 57.
Greifenberg 347.
Greifenhagen 347.
Greifenstein (Thuringia)
290.
— (near Escbwege) 339.
Greiffeuberg 386.
Greiffenstein 386.
Greifswald 164.
Greiz 258.
Gremsmlihlen 152.
Grenzadler. the 294.
Grenzbauden. the 396.
Grenzhammer 295.
Grevesmiihlen 152.
Griebnitz-See 25.
Griesbach-Felsen 290.
Grifte 333.
Grimma 236.
Grimmen 163.
Grimmental 284. 295.
Grizehne 249.
Grohn 108.
Gronau 34.
Gross-Aupa 396.
— Beeren 174.
Grossbothen 236.
Gross-Breitenbach 295.
Grossdiingen 83.
iGrosse Dolmar, the 284.
I — Inselsbers: 301.
— Knollen. the 308.
Grossenbroder Fahre
152.
Grossenhain 174.
Grosseu-Linden 337.
Grosse Teich. the 395.
— Zschand, the 219.
Gross-Gleidingen 47.
— Gorschen 262.
— Heringeu 264.
— Kreutz 55.
— Labney 403.
— Lichterfelde 174. 25.
Gross-Sehoritz 167.
— Sedlitz 210. 212.
— Steinheim 341.
— Stepenitz .349.
— Tabarz 300.
Grossvater, the 320.
Grossvaterstuhl, the
403.
Gross-Wasserburg 382.
Grotenburg, the 37.
Grulich 404.
Gruna 174.
Grund (Harz) 308.
Gnmewald 24.
Griinhain 232.
Grunstadtel 230.
Griintal 392.
Grunwald 405.
Griirmannshi
Griissau 387.
Guben 373.
Gumbinnen 368.
Giintersberge 317.
Guntershausen 333.
Glisten 249. 250. 303.
Giistrow 155.
Giitergluck 253. .303.
Giitersloh 35.
Guxhagen 268.
Haarhausen 292.
Habelschwerdt 404.
Habichtsburg 283.
Habichtsgrund, the 218.
Hackelsdorf 397.
Haden 351.
Hadersleben 142.
Haff, the Frische 364.
Haeren (Westphalia) 41.
— '(Riigeu) 168.
Hagenow-Land 156.
Hahnenklee 325.
Hain 391.
Hainberg (near Gottin-
gen) 68.
— (Thuringia) 290.
Hainfall, the 391.
iHainfeld 322.
iHainleite. the 309.
iHainsberg 'i^i.
|Hainstein, the 281.
Hakenberg 157.
iHalbe 381.
Halberstadt 310.
Halbestadt 210.
Halbstadt 402.
Halle 250.
jHallenberg 283.
Halligen. the 143.
Halskappe 293.
Haltern 134.
INDEX.
419
Hamburg 115.
Altona VM).
Altstadt 120.
Alster-Bassin 120.
Alsterdamm 120.
Antiquities, Collect, of
122.
Art Exhibition 118.
Ausscn-Alster 129.
Bank, Imperial 121.
Billwarder 126.
Binnen-Alster 120.
Borgfelde 129.
Botan. Garden 123.
Bridges 120. 123. 121.
125.
Biisch-Obelisk 123.
St. Catharine's 122.
Cemeteries 123. 130.
Courts of Law 123.
Crematorium 130.
Docks 125.
Emigrant Sheds 126.
English Churches 118.
Eppendorf 129.
Esplanade 123.
Exchange 121.
Fish Market 121.
Free Harbour 124.
St. George Quarter 128.
Gewerbe-Schule 128.
Glitza Collection 129.
Granary 125.
Hagenbeck's Zoologi-
cal Park 131.
Hamm 129.
Hamburg-America
Line, Office 120. 125.
Hansa Fountain 129.
Harbour 124.
Harvestehude 129.
Hopfen-Markt 112.
Horn 129.
Hospitals 129.
St. James' 122
Johanneum 122.
Jungfern-Stieg 120.
Kaiser-Brunnen 122.
Kaltehofe 126.
Kunsthalle 126.
Library, City 122.
— , Commercial 121.
Meteorological Station
123.
St. Michael's 123.
Mint 129.
Museum, Botanic 123.
— , Industrial Art 128.
— , Mineral. & Geolog.
129.
— , Nat. Hist. 128.
Hamburg :
Museum, Antiquities
122.
Musikhalle 123.
Neustadt 122.
St. Nicholas's 121.
Nobelshof 121.
Ohlsdorf 129.
Ottensen 131.
Patriotische Gesell-
schaft 121.
St. Pauli 124.
St. Peter's 122.
Picture Galleries 126,
127.
Post Office 116. 123.
Rail. Stations 115. 128.
Rathaus 120.
Rauhe Haus, the 129.
Rotenburgs-Ort 125.
Sailors' Home 124.
Schauspielhaus 128.
Seemannshaus 124.
Seewarte 123.
Stadthaus 122.
Statistics 124.
Statue ofBismarck 123.
— of Bugenhagen 122.
— of Erap. William I.
120.
— of Lessing 122.
— of Petersen 123.
— of Schiller 120.
Steamboats 117.
Theatres 116. 122.
Tramways 117.
Trost-Briicke 121.
Ulilenhorst 129.
Vulcan Shipbuilding
Works 125.
Wall-Anlagen 123.
War Monument 123.
Weber Gallerv 127.
Zoll-Kanal 124.
Zoolog. Garden 123.
Hiimelerwald 39.
Hameln 46.
Hamelschenburg 45.
Hamerten 40.
Hamm 34.
Hammermiihlc 348.
Hammcrstein, the 332.
Hampelbaude 395.
Hanau 341.
Hanover 71.
^gidien-Kirche 74.
vEgidientor-Platz 74.
Archives 77.
Arsenal 76.
Bank, Imper. 74.
Berggarten 78.
Hanover :
Cliiistiis-KirclK! 7H.
Kilcnriede 79.
Englinh Church 7H.
Ernst-August- IMatz 73.
(iarrison (Miurch 77.
Gartenkirche 77.
GeorgH-(iarten 7K.
— Platz 71.
Georg-Strassc 73.
Gcwerbe-Hallc 71.
(Joose Fourit;iin 77.
Government Offices
77.
Gutenberg Fountain
75.
Hanoverian Museum
77.
Haus der Vater 77.
Herrenhausen 78.
Industrial Exliihition
74.
— Museum 74.
Justiz-Kanzlei 71.
Kestner-Museum 75.
Klages-Markt 78.
Kunstgewcrbe-Musc-
um 74.
Kiinstlerhaus 77.
Langelaubc, the 77.
Law Courts 77.
Leibnitz's Grave 77.
— House 74.
— Monument 76.
Library, Municipal 75.
— , Royal 77.
Marien-Kirche 78.
Market Place 74.
Markt-Kirche 74.
Masch-Park 75.
Mausoleum 78.
Military Riding Insti-
tute 78.
— School 76.
Neustivdter Kirclie 77.
Nicolai Chapel 77.
Palace, Old 75.
— , Royal 75.
— of Ernest Aug. 77.
Picture Gallery 75.
Police 76.
Polytechnic School 78.
Post Office 73.
Prinzenhaus 78.
Provincial Diet 77.
— Museum 75.
Railway Station 73.
Rathaus, New 75.
— , Old, 74.
Reformed Church 77.
Schiffgrabcn 77.
27*
420
IXDEX.
Hanover:
Statue of Ernest Au-
gustus 73.
— '^of Count Alten 76.
— of Bennigsen 76.
— of Bodeker 74.
— of Hannovera 74.
— of Holt^.- 78.
■ — of Karmarsch 74.
— of Luther 74.
— of Marschner 74.
— - of Schiller 74.
— of Stromeyer 74.
Synagogue 77.
Telegraph Office 73.
Theatre 73. 72.
Town Hall 75.
Tramways 72.
Yaterlandisches Mu-
seum 77.
Veterinary College 77.
War Monument 77.
Water Works 75.
Waterloo Column 76.
— Platz 76.
Welfen-Platz 78.
Welfenschloss 78.
Wotan. Figure of 76.
Zoological G-arden 79.
Hansteiu 338.
Harburg 114.
Hardenberg 69.
Harle 98.
Harlingerland. the 98.
Hartau" 402.
Hartenfels 253.
Hartenstein 231.
Harvestehude 129.
Harz Mts.. the 312.
Harzburg 325.
Harzgerode 316.
Hasbergen 134.
Basel 295.
Hasenbaude 395.
Hasselfelde 317.
Hasserode 329.
Hassleben 162.
Haste 38.
Hastedt 101.
Hastenbeck 45.
Hattingen 33.
Hauneck 339.
Hausberg (Harz) 308.
— (Jena) 270.
— (Silesia) 389.
Hausberge 37.
Hausdorf 407.
Hausdorfer Kreuz 407.
Havel, the 40. 157. 162.
Havelberg 157.
Hecklingen 310.
Hehlen 67.
Heide 134.
Heidecksburg 270.
Heidemiihle 217.
Heidenau 212.
Heiligenberg 333.
Heiligendamm 155.
Heiligenhafen 152.
Heiligenstadt 306.
Heiligenstein 302.
Heiligeustock 332.
Heinrichsburg (Harz)
316.
— (Giant Mts.) 391.
Hela 358.
Helba 284.
Heldburg 285.
Heldrastein, the 339.
Heldrungen 304.
Heleuensitz 292.
Helfta 303.
Heligoland 132.
Helikon. the 389.
Helmstedt 47.
Helsungen 319.
Hemelingen 133.
Hengelo"'69.
Henneberghauser 231.
Herdberg, the 391.
Herdecke 41.
Herdringen 56.
Herford 35.
Herges 286. 301.
Heringsdorf 350.
Herlasgriin 258.
Hermannsbad 882.
Hermannsberg 294.
Hermannseck 220.
Hermannshohle 321.
Hermannstein 296.
Hermsdorf 391.
Herrenhausen 78.
Herrenkrug, the 54.
Herrenwiek 151.
Herrnhut 399.
Herrnskretschen 218.
Hersfeld 339.
Herstelle 67.
Herthaburg 168.
Hertha-See. the 168.
Herzberg 308.
Herzogshohe. the 319.
Hettstedt 303.
Hetzdorf 224. 228.
Heubergshaus 300.
Heubude 358.
Heudeber 311.
Heufuder. the 386.
Heuscheuer. the 403.
Hexentanzplatz 319.
Hiddeusee 167.
Hildburghausen 285.
Hilders 340.
Hildesheim 79.
Himmelpfort 55.
Himmelreich 309.
Himmighausen 36.
Hinter-Dittersbach 220.
— Hermsdorf 219.
Hintere Raubschloss,
the 219.
Hirschberg (Silesia) 389.
— (Franconia) 259.
Hirschgrund, the 318.
Hirschmuhle 213.
Hirschstein 282.
Hirzstein, the 66.
Hochbusch 214.
Hochkirch 399.
Hoch-Moor, the 97.
Hochstadt 262.
Hochstein, the 392.
Hochwald (Zittau) 386.
— (Salzbrunn) 402.
Hockstein, the 215.
Hof 259.
Hof-Baude 396.
Hofgeismar 57.
Hohe Eule 407.
— Fichte 289.
Hohegeiss 309.
Hohe Gras. the 66.
— Mense 405.
— Most 294.
Hohenbocka 400.
Hohenebra 309.
Hoheneiche 339.
Hohenfriedberg 406.
Hohenleipe 221.
Hohenlimburg 41.
Hohensalza 372.
Hohenstein 352.
Hohen-Syburg 34.
Zieritz, chat. 163.
Hohenzollerfels 404.
Hohe Bad 395.
— Schneeberg. the 211,
— Sonne 282. '
— Stein, the 232.
Hohewartskopf 295.
Hohne 328.
Hohneklippen 329. 330.
Hohnstein, the (Harz)
328.
— , ruins (Harz) 322.
— (Saxonv) 215.
Hon, the 220.
Holm, the 357.
Hollengrund. the 391.
Holstein Switzerland
152.
Holtenau 138.
INDEX.
421
Holthusou 157.
Holzmiuden 49.
Holzwickede 12.
Homberg 334.
Hontrop 33.
Hoogo 141.
Hoppegartcn 351.
Hoppelberg, the 311.
Horka 382.
Horn 36.
Hornberg, the 387.
Hornekuppe 339.
Hornschloss, the 387.
Hornum 142,
Horselberg, the 267.
Horst 347.
Hosterwitz 209.
Hoxter 48.
Hoyer 135.
Hoyer-Schleuse 135.
Hradschin, castle 259.
Hubertusbad 318.
Hiibichenstein, the 308,
Hude 109.
Hiige-Berg, the 142.
Hulfensberg, the 339.
Hiimme 57.
Hummelshain 261.
Hundsfeld 410.
Hlinenburg, the 35.
Hunfeld 283.
Hunte, the 110. 133.
Hiisten 56.
Hiisiim 135.
Hutberg, the 40 0.
Hiittenrode 321.
Ibbenbiireii 70.
Iburg, the 48.
Igelshieb 292.
Ihrhove 97.
Ilfeld 329.
Ilm, the 264. 272.
Ilmenau 296.
Ilsenburg 327.
Ilsenstein, the 327.
Ilse-Tal, the 327.
Ilversgehoven 267.
Immelhorn 283.
Inselsberg, the 301.
Insterburg 368.
Isenbilttel 39.
Iser Mountains 386.
Iserlohn 42.
Itzehoe 134.
Jacobsberg, the 37.
Jade-Buscn, the 112.
Jagdberg, the 301.
Jagdschloss (Riigen) 170.
Jagersruh 301.
J;iini()witz 387.
Jasenitz 319.
Jasmund 168.
Jauer 10(5.
Jaueniiker Berge 384.
Jena 268.
Jerxheim 19.
Jettenhohlc, the 308.
Jever 98.
Joacliimstal 230.
Jocketa 258.
Johanngcorgenstadt 231
Joliannisbad 387.
Johannisberg (near Bie
lefeld) 35.
— (near Nauheim) 337.
— (near Danzig) 357.
Jonsdorf 386.
Josephshohc, the 316.322,
Jubek 140.
Juditten 367.
Juist 101.
Juliushall Baths 326,
Julius-Hutte 312.
Jungfernbrucke 318.
Jungfernsee 381.
Justinshohe 271.
Jiiterbog 174.
Kabarz 300.
Kahla 270.
Kaisberg, the 41.
Kaiserweg 309.
Kaiser Wilhelm Canal
138. 134.
Kalfamer 101.
Kalkofen 228.
Kalten-Nordheim 283.
Kanien 34.
Kamenz 400.
Kammerberg 297.
Kanipen 144.
Kandrzin 408.
Kanzlergrund, the 294.
Kappeln 140.
Karlsberg 403.
Karlshaus 317.
Karlsklippon 327.
Karlstal 392.
Karow 156.
Karpenstein 404.
Karthaus 352.
Kiistcnklippe, the 327.
Katharinaberg 228.
Katterfcld 298.
Kattowitz 410.
Katzbach, the 374. lO*;.
Katzenstein 290.
Katzhiittc 292.
Kaulberg 329.
Keilbcrg, the 230.
Kcilliaii 271.
Keitnm 111.
Kelbra 305.
Keller-See, the 152.
Keninade 67.
Ke.ssclkoppe, the 391.
K(;tt\vit,' 32.
Kickelhahn 296.
Kiel 135.
Kieler Forde 136.
Kienberg, the (near
Sell warz burg) 291.
— , — (near Ohrdruf)
298.
Kieritzseh 257.
Kinzig, the 341.
Kijjsdorf 227.
Kirchfelsen, the 291.
Kirch ha in 331.
Kirchrode 79.
Kirclispitze, the :VM\.
Kirnitzsch-Tal 217.
Kissingen 281.
Kitzeberg 1.38.
Klein-Anpa 396.
— Bremen 38.
Kleinen 153.
Klein-Flottbek 131.
— Furra 309.
— Glienicke 28.
-- Hennersdorf 217.
- Tabarz 300.
Klenimberg, the 263.
Klessengrund, the 405.
Klingenberg 222.
Klingental 258.
Kloster 167.
Klostergrab 228.
Klus, the 325.
Kliit, the 46.
Kliitz 153.
Knauthain 260.
Kniepsand Itt.
Knivsberg 142.
Knoop 138.
Koditzberg 293.
Kohlfurt 373.
Kohlmiihle 213.
Kohnstein, the 309.
Kolberg 317.
Kolberger Deep 317.
Mtinde 348.
Kolktiirm 252.
Komotau 229.
KoniggrHtz 387. 404.
Konigsi)erg in der Neu-
niark 317.
I— (Prussia) 363.
— , the 15.
Konigsborn 42.
Koniffsbrunn 211.
422
IXDEX.
Konigsee 293.
Konigshof 321.
Konigshiitte 410.
Konigsliitter 47.
Konisrsmark 145.
Konigs-Platz. the 220.
Konigsstuhl. the 168.
Konigstein 210.
Konigs-Wusterhausen
381.
Konigszelt 401.
Konitz 352.
Koppenplan 395.
Korkonosch. the 397.
Kornatowo 360.
Kornbachgruud 295.
Kosen 264.
Koserow 349.
Kcislin 348.
Kossern 236.
Kosten 370.
Kostritz 260.
Kottewitz 227.
Kotzschenbroda 232.
Krabersteiue 391.
Kragenhof 66.
Kratzwiek 349.
Krav 33.
Kreibitz 221.
Kreiensen 49.
Kreisau 407.
Kreischa 210.
Kreuz 352.
— . the 299.
Kreuzberg, the 340.
Kreuzburg 410.
Krieblowitz 401.
Krima-Xeudorf 229.
Krippen 211. 213.
Kronach 262.
Kropelin 155.
Kriickaue, the 134.
Krumhermsdorf 214.
Krummhubel 393.
Kudowa 405.
Kuhberg, the 232.
Kiihuau 255.
Kuhndorf 284.
Kiihnhausen 309.
Kuhstall. the 217.
Kulm. the 271.
Kummel. the 308.
Kunersdorf 370.
Kunitzburg, the 268.
Kunitzer See, the 374.
Kiiuuersdorf 221.
Kupferberg 230.
Kurische Xehning 367.
Kursdorf 292.
Kyffhauser, the 305.
Kynast. the 391.
jKynau 407.
iKynsburg, ruin 407.
jKyritz 157.
jLaasphe 336.
Labiau 368.
Laboe 138.
Lage 36.
Lahn. the 334. 336.
Lakolk 145.
Lamboiwald, the 341.
Laiideck 404,
Landeshut 387.
jLandgrafenschlucht 282,
jLandsberg 351.
JLandsberg, castle 283.
Landskrone 384.
Lange Grimd 396.
Langelsheim 332.
Langenau, Bad 404.
Langenbach 292.
Langenberg 174. 232.
— , the 387.
Laugenbielau 407.
Langendreer 33.
Langeness 144.
Langensalza 306.
Langenstein 311.
Langeoog 100.
Langewiesen 295.
Langfuhr 357.
Langwaltersdorf 387.
Langwedel 40. 101.
Lanker See. the 152.
Laskowitz 360.
Lassig, the 387.
Laiiban 386.
Laubegast 209.
Lauchagrimd, the 300.
Laiichstadt 263.
Lauenbiirg (Harz) 316.
— on the'Elbe 114.
— (Pommern) 348.
Lauenforde 67.
Lauenstein 262.
Laurahiitte 410.
Lauscha 289. 292.
Lausche, the 386.
Lausigk 225.
jLautental 332.
Lauter. the 294.
iLauterbach 169.
jLauterberg 308.
iLeba 384.
iLebbiner Sandberge 349.
Lechlumer Holz 92.
Leer 97.
Leerort 97.
Lehde 382.
Lehesten 262.
Lehnin 55.
Lehrte 112. 39.
Leierbaude 397.
Leine. the 46. 67. 306.
Leinefelde 306.
Leipzig 237.
Academy of the Gra-
phic Arts 245.
American Church 239.
Anglo-Amer. Church
239. 243.
Auerbach's Keller 242.
Augusteum 241.
Augustus-Platz 240.
Baths 237.
Battlefields 246.
Booksellers' Exchange
245.
Book Industries'
House 245.
Book Trade 239.
Briihl 242.
Buchgewerbehaus 245.
Central Theatre 243.
Commercial Academy
243.
Concerthaus 245.
Concerts 238.
Conservatorium 245.
Engravings, collect, of
241.
Environs 246.
Exchange, Old 242.
— , Xew 243.
Exhibition, Permanent
Industrial 243.
Fairs 239.
Fiirstenhaus 242.
Gewandhaus, old 242.
— , new 245.
Grassi-Museum 244.
Grimmaische-Strasse
242.
Handelshof 242.
Johanna Park 243.
St. John's Church 245.
Kaufhaus, Stadt. 242.
Kouigs-Platz 244.
Kiinstlerhaus 243.
Kunstverein 239. 240.
Library, Municipal
242.
— , Universitv 244.
Market Place* 242.
St. Matthew's Church
243.
Mende-Brunnen 240.
Monarchen-Htigel 246.
Museum 240.
— , Archaeological 242.
— , Art-Industrial 244.
— of Book Trade 245.
INDEX.
423
Leipzig:
Museum, Ethnograph-
ical 244.
— , Geographical 244.
Napoloonstein 216.
Palmen-Crarten 215.
Paulinorkirche 242.
Picture Gallery 240.
Poniatowski-Mon-
umcnt 243.
Post Office 238. 240.
Promenades 239.
Race Course 246.
Railway Stations 237.
Rathaus, New 243.
— , Old 242.
Reformation Mon-
ument 245.
Reformed Church 243.
Reichsgerioht 244.
Roman Cath. Church
243.
Rosental 245.
Ross-Platz 244.
Schiller House 246.
Schwanenteich 240.
Statue of King Fred-
erick Augustus 244.
— of Bach 243.
— of Bismarck 243.
— of Gellert 245.
— of Goethe 242.
— of Hahnemann 243.
— of Leibnitz 241.
— of Mendelssohn 245.
— of Thaer 242.
Supreme Courts 244.
Telegraph Office 238.
Theatres 238. 240. 243.
St.Thomas Church 243.
Tramways 238.
Trinity, Church of the
243.
University 241.
War Monument 242.
Zoological Garden 245.
Leisnig 236.
Leitholm 349.
Lemgo 36.
Lengefeld 228.
Lengerich 134.
Leobschiitz 408.
Letmathe 41.
Leubsdorf 228.
Leuchtenburg 270.
Leuthen 374.
Leutnitz 293.
Leutzsch 260.
Levensau 138.
Lewin 405.
Lichtegrund, the 292.
Lichte KUppcl, the 335.
Lichtenfels 285.
Li(!htcnhain (Jena) 270.
— (Saxony) 214.
— Waterfall 217.
Lichtenwahhj 233.
Lie ban, ruin of 2r)l.
— (Silesia) 387.
Liebeiiau 398.
Liebenstein 285.
Liebertwolkwitz 225.
Liebwerda 386.
Liegnitz 373.
Lietzow 167.
Lilienstein, the 210.
Linden 46. 79.
Lindenau (Leipzig) 257.
— (Thuringia) 285.
Lindenberg 317.
Lintorf 34.
Lippe, the 35. 134.
Lippoldsberg 67.
Lippspringe 44.
Lippstadt 43.
Lissa 373.
List 144.
Littitz 404.
Lobau 399.
Lobeda 270.
Lobenstein 261.
Lobichau, chat. 261.
Loccum 39.
Loccumer Berg 38.
Lochstedt 367.
Lockwitzer Grund 210.
Loga 97.
Lohme 169.
Lohmen 209.
Lohne 37. 71.
Lollar 336.
Lommatzsch 233.
Lomnitz 392.
Lorenzsteine, the 219.
Loschwitz 208.
Lossnitz 232.
Lottringhausen 3j.
Lowenberg (Mark) 162.
— (Silesia) 386.
Llibben 381.
Llibbcnau 382.
Llibbensteine, the 47.
Llibeck 145.
Aegidienkirciic 150.
St. Anne, Convent
150.
Burgtor 151.
St. Catharine's 150.
Cathedral 119.
Coins, Coll. of 151.
Francisc. Convent 150.
Holstentor 147.
Liibeck:
ll(»sj)ital ziini Ileil.
(icist 151.
St. James' 151.
Katliariueuni 1.50.
Kaufleute-Conij). 151.
Klingonberg, tlie 119.
Law Courts 151.
Library 150.
Market Place U7.
St. Mary's 1 18.
Museum 150.
St. Peter's 119.
Post Office 147.
P)ipi)enbriieke 147.
Railway Station 117.
Rathaus 117.
Ratskeller 118.
Rom. Cath. Church
149.
Schabbel-Stiftung 149.
Schiffer-Gesellschaft
151.
Statue of Bismarck
147.
— of Geibel 151.
Theater 151.
Walk-Miihle 151.
Lublinitz 410.
Liiblow 157.
Lubmin 164.
Luekau 174.
Liickendorf 219.
Luckenwalde 174.
Ludwigsdorf 387.
Ludwigslust 156.
Ludwigsstadt 262.
Ludwigstein 338.
Liigde 45.
Luisensitz 294.
Luisental 298.
Luisium 256.
Liine 114.
Liineburg 113.
Liineburger Heide 113.
Liitjenbrode 152.
LUtjenburg 152.
Lutter 47.
Liitzel 336.
Liitzen 2{S2.
Liitzow 161.
Lychen 344.
Lyck 368.
Miidelstegbaudc 397.
Mridelsteine, the 395.
Madelwiese, the 395.
Madii-See, the 347.
Magdeburg 49.
Mligdesprung, the 316.
Miigdetrappe, the 316.
424
IXDEX.
Main, the 341.
Malchin 155.
Malente 152.
Malsfeld 268.
Maudelholz 331.
Manebach 297.
Mannstein, the 395.
Mansfeld 303.
Marburg 334.
St. Margareten 134.
Marggrabowa 368.
Mariaunenfels, the 393.
Maria-Schnee 405.
Mariaspring 68.
Marienberg 228.
— . the (Brandenburg)
55.
Marienbure (Prussia)
361.
— Hannover) 69.
Marienburger Werder
360.
Marienfelsen 221.
Marieuglas-Hohle 300.
Marienstern 400.
Marien-Tal, the 280.
Mariental (near Helm-
stedt) 47.
St. Mariental. uunnery
(Silesia) 384.
Marienwerder 360.
Markneukirchen 232.
Marksuhl 283.
Marschendorf 396.
Marsehland, the 134.
Marxgriin 261.
Marzdorf 391.
Mattern 358.
Maxen 210.
Meerane 225.
Mehlis 294.
Mehlteuer 259.
Meinberg (Horn) 36.
Meinineen 283.
Meisdorf 314.
Meiseberg. the 315.
Meisenstein, the 302.
Meissen 233.
Meissner. the 338.
Melden 403.
Meldorf 134.
Melle 71.
Mellenbach 292.
Mellenthin 349.
Melsuugen 268.
Melverode 92.
Melzergrund. the 396.
Memel 368.
Memleben 264.
Meppen 96.
Merkelsdorf 398.
Merseburg 262.
Merzdorf 387.
Mescbede 56.
Meschenbach 289.
Mettkau 401.
Meusdorf 246.
Meuselbach 292.
Mcuselwitz 257.
Michaelstein 321.
Mildenstein 236.
Milseburg 340.
Miltzow 164.
Miuden 37.
Minkowsky 410.
Minsleben^311. 329.
Misdroy 351.
Mittagstein. the 395.
Mittelgrund 213.
Mittel-Schulenburg 325
Mittelsteine 388.
Mittelwalde 404.
Mittweida 233.
Mlawa 360.
Mockern 253.
Mohra 283.
Moldau 228.
Molkenhaus 327.
Mcilln 156.
Mollwitz 408.
Moltenort 138.
Mommelstein 301.
Monchehof 57.
Monchgut 170.
Monchshof 295. 297.
Mcinohskugelteich 293.
Mordfleckswiese 298.
Morgenau 381.
Morgenleite. the 231.
Morgenrot 409.
Moritzberg 83.
Moritzburg 232.
Morsum-Kliflf. the 144.
Mosigkau 257.
Moys" 384.
Miickenberg 227.
Miig-eln 210.
Mijglitz-Tal 227.
Miihlburg, ruin 267.
Mlihlhausen 306.
Miihlheim 341.
Mulda 228.
Mulde, the 222. 236
etc.
Muldenhiitten 222.
Miilheim on the
31.
Mummel Fall, the 392.
Munden 66.
Muukmarsch 142.
Miiuster 92.
Miinzenberg. castle 33<
jMuritz 163. 166.
iMuskau 382.
Miiss 161.
Muxklippe 330.
Myslowitz 410.
Nadelohr, the 211.
Xakel 358.
Xallen 340.
Xammen 38.
Xamslau 410.
Xarsdorf 225.
Xauen 157.
Xauendorf 310.
Xaugard 347.
Xauheim 337.
Xaumburg 263.
Xaunhof 236.
Xausenei 403.
Xebel 145.
Xebra 264.
Xeheim 56.
Xeinstedt 310.
Xeisse 407.
— , the 373. 384. 407.
Xendza 409.
Xenndorf 38.
Xessmersiel 101.
Xetzebruch 358.
Xetzkater 329.
Xetzschkau 258.
Xeu-Babelsberg 24.
— Beckum 35.
— Brandenburg 155.
— D etendorf 267.
Xeudcck 231.
Xeudorf 229.
Xeuekrug 49.
Xeuendorf 25.
Xeuenheerse 48.
Xeufahr 358.
Xeufahrwasser 357.
Xeuhaldensleben 48.
Xeuhaus (Thuringia)292.
— (Silesia) 387.
Xeuhausen 228.
Xeuheide 231.
Xeuhof 406.
Xeukirchen 339.
iXeukuhren 367.
■Xeumark 226. 258.
jXeumiihle 261.
jXeumilhlen (near Altona)
131.
Ruhr — (near Kiel) 138.
— (lake of) 161.
Xeumunster 135.
iXcurode 387.
jXeu-Ruppin 157.
'Xeu - Schandau - Ostra
i 213.
249.
INDEX.
42;
Neuschanz 97.
Neu-Schottland 357.
Nouses 289.
Ncustaclt on the Dosse
157.
— unterm Hohnstein 322.
— (near Eutin) 152.
— on the Orla 261.
— on the Saale 284.
— (Silesia) 408.
Neu-Stettin 347.
Neu-Strelitz 162.
Neuwelt 392.
Ncuwerk (Harz) 318.
Nieblum 144.
Niebiill 135.
Niederau 232.
Nieder-Adelsbach 402.
Niedergorsdorf 246.
Niedergrund 211. 213.
Niederhone 338.
Nieder-Marsberg 56.
Niederpoyritz 212.
Nieder-Sachswerfen 309.
330.
— Salzbrunn 401.
Nicderschlema 231.
Nieder-Scdlitz 210.
Niederwalgern 336.
Nieder-Wiesa 224.
Nienburg 101.
Niendorf 152.
Nienstedten 131.
Niklasberg 228.
Nikolassec 25.
Nikrisch 385.
Nimbscheu 236.
Nipmerow 168.
Nobdenitz 261.
Nogat, the 360.
Nonnenklunzen, the 386.
Norddeich 98.
Ngrddorf 145.
Norden 97.
Nordenham 109.
Norderney 98.
Nordhausen 305.
Nordschlcswigsche
Weiche 140.
Nordstemmen 69.
Nordstrand 135.
Normannstein 339.
Norten 69.
Northeim 69.
Nossen 222. 233. 235.
Nowawes 25.
Ober-Glogau 408.
Obergrund 211. 213.
Oberhaiisen 31.
Oberhof 294.
Oberhohenelbe 397.
Ober- liangenbichiii 407.
Oberleutensdorf 228.
Oberlichtonau 233.
Obcrluttcr 47.
Ober-Marsbcrg 56.
Obernculaiid 133.
Oberoderwitz 399.
0))ei-Rittcrsgrun 230.
Oberroblingen 303.
Ober-Salzl)iunii 402.
— Sehiuicdeberg 396.
— Scbonau 294.
Obcrspaar 235.
Ober-Tannhauscn 387.
Obervveissbach 292.
Oberwiosental 230.
Ochsenkopf, the 387.
Odor, the 345. 347. 376.
etc.
Odcrberg 409.
Odcrbriick 331.
Oderhaus 331.
Odertoich, the 332.
Odertal 308.
Oebisfelde 39.
Ocdcran 224.
Oelde 35.
Oels 410.
Oelsnitz 259.
Oelze 292.
Oeslau 289.
Oeynhauseu, Bad 37.
Offenbach 342.
Ohlau 408.
Ohlsdorf 129.
Ohr 45.
Ohra, the 298.
Ohrdriif 298.
Oker 325.
Oker-Tal, the 325.
Oland 144.
Olbernhau 228.
Olbersdorf 405.
Oldenburg 110.
— (Holstein) 152.
Oldenzaal 69.
Oldesloe 145.
Oliva 358.
Olpe 41.
Olsberg 56.
Opalenitza 370.
Oppeln 409.
Oppcrode 314.
Oranienbaum 256.
Oranienburg 162.
Orlamlinde 270.
Ortcnburg 400.
Orth 152.
Oschatz 233.
Oscherslebcn 311.
Oslcbsliansi'u 108.
Osij.ibriick 70.
OsHi'gg 228.
OHsmanstedt 276.
Ost-I)iovenow 350.
Oh tor berg 209.
Oslcrlnirg 285.
Ostergruiid, the 316.
Osterodc 308. 322.
Osterstein (Zwickau)
226.
— (Gera) 261.
Ostra 213.
Ostrauer Scheibo, the
217.
Ostritz .385.
Ost-Swinc 351.
Ottbergen 18.
Otteuscn 131.
Ottcrsteine 340.
Ottilicnstcin, the 295.
Owschlag 139.
Oxhoftcr Spitzc 358.
Oybin 385.
Paarstciner Sec, the 341.
Paderborn 43.
Palmnioken 367.
Panklau 362.
Pantschc-Fall, the 394.
Papcnbrink, the 38.
Papenburg 97.
Papcnhagen 347.
Papststein, the 217.
Paradies (near Dresden)
232.
— (near Jena) 270.
Parchim 156.
Parnass, the 152.
Parsciinitz 387. 398.
Paschenburg 16.
Pasewalk 163.
Passendorf 403.
Patschkau 407.
Paulinonaue 157.
Paulinzella 293.
Paunsdorf 233.
Peene, the 155. 164. 349.
Pegau 260.
Peine 39.
Peitz 253.
Pcllworm 135.
Penig 236.
Pcrleberg 157.
St. Peter (Holstein) 185.
— (Silesia) 397.
Pcterbaude, the 395.
Petersberg, the (near
Halle) 252.
— (near Fulda) 340.
Petersdorf 392.
426
mDEX.
Peterswaldau 407.
Petzer 396.
Petzerkretscham 397.
Pfaffendorf (Saxon
Switzerland) 211.
— (Giant Mts.) 393.
Pfaflfenstein. the 211.
Pferdekopfstein 394.
Pferdskopf 340.
Pfingstberg. the 28.
Philippsruhe 341.
Piepenburg 347.
Pillaii 367.
Pillnitz 209.
Pinnower See, the 161.
Pirna 210. •
Plagwitz 257.
Plankuer's Aussicht 297.
Platten 231.
Plau 157.
Plane 293.
Planen (Dresden) 221.
— (Yoigtland) 258.
Plauensche Grund. the
222.
Plauensche See, the 54.
Pleisse, the 239.
Plesse, ruin 68.
Plessenburg 327.
Plon 152.
Pockan 228.
Polenz-Tal, the 215.
Politz 349.
Polle 67.
Polsnitz 401.
Pommritz 399.
Popelwitz .881.
Poppenberg, the 322.
Poppenhausen 340.
Porsberg. the 209.
Porschdorf 213.
Porstendorf 268.
Porta 37.
— AVestphalica 37.
Posen 370.
Possen, the 309.
Possneck 261.
Posta 212.
Postelwitz 213.
Potschappel 222.
Potsdam 25.
Pottenstein 404.
Potzscha 210. 212.
Powayen 367.
Praust 352.
Prebisehtor, the 218.
Preetz 152.
Pregel, the 364.
Prenzlau 163.
Prerow 166.
Pressnitz 230.
Preussisch-Stargard 352.
Priestewitz 232.
Prinz-Heinrich-Baude
395.
Probstei, the 138.
Probstheida 246.
Probstzella 262.
Proitschenberg 400.
Prostken 367.
Prudelberg. the 391.
Puhu, the 404.
Putbus 169.
Pyritz 347. 351.
Pyrmont 45.
Quakenbriick 112.
Qualisch 398.
Quargsteine, the 394.
Quedlinburg 313.
Queis. the 386.
Querfurt 303.
Rabenau 227.
Rabenauer Grund 227.
|Rabenklippen. the 327.
Rabenstein. the 221.
Rabensteinfeld 161.
Raekuitz 208.
Radau-Tal. the 326.
Radeberg 400.
Radebeui 232.
Radeburg 232.
Rainwiese 218.
Ramberg. the 316.
Rammelsberg. the 325.
Ramnienau 400.
Ranis 261.
Rastede 112.
Rastenberg 276.
Rath 32.
Rathen 215.
Rathenow 40.
Rathewalde 215.
Rathsfeld 305.
Ratibor 409.
Ratschenberg 405.
Ratzeburg 156.
Raudten 370.
Rauensteine, the 210.
Raumland 336.
Rauschen 368.
Ravensberg 308.
Regenstein. the 320.
Rehberger Graben 332.
Rehburg. Bad 38.
Rehefeld 228.
Rehme 37.
Rehna 161.
Reibnitz 386.
Reichenbach (Sax.) 258.
— (Silesia) 407.
Reichenbach (Ober-
lausitz) 399.
Reiehensachsen 339.
Reichenstein 403.
Reiftrager. the 394.
Reimannsfelde 362.
Reinbek 156.
Reinerz 405.
Reinhardsbrunn 299. 300.
Reinhardshausen 334.
Reinhardswald, the 67.
Reinhausen 68.
Reinsberg, the 293.
Reinsdorf 304.
Reisehdorf 230.
Reitzenhain 228.
Rellinghansen 32.
Rendsburg 139.
Renneckenberg, the 331.
Rennersdorf 221.
Rennstieg (Rennsteig)
289. 295.
Rentwertshausen 284.
Rentzschmiihle 261.
Reppen 370.
Rethen 69.
Reuth 259.
Rewahl 347.
Rheda 35.
Rheine 70.
Rheinsberg 162.
Rhenish- Westphalian
Coal Measures 30.
Rhine, the 31.
Rhon-Gebirge 340.
Ribnitz 166.
Riddagshausen 92.
Rieder 315.
Riesa 233.
Riesenbaude 395. 396.
Riesengebirge 388.
Riesengrund, the 396.
Riesenkoppe, the 397.
Riestedt 304.
Ringberg, the 302.
Ringelheim 49.
Rinkerode 92.
Rinteln 46.
Ritschenhausen 284.
Rittmarshausen 69.
Rochlitz 236.
RochlitzerBerg, the 236.
Rochsburg 236.
Rochwitzer Hohe 208.
Rodach 289.
Rodebachsmuhle 299.
Roderau 174. 232.
Rohr 295.
Rom. island 145.
Romerstein, the 309.
Romhild 284.
INDEX.
427
Romkorhalle 325.
Romincrs 340.
Ronneburg 261.
Rosenau 289.
Rosenberg 161.
— , the 219.
Rosenbiirg, the 227.
Rosenkamm 218.
Rossbach 262.
Rossla 301.
Rosslau 254.
Rossleben 264.
Rosstrappe, the 318.
Rosswein 235.
Rostock 153.
Rostockcr Heide 163.
Rotehiitte-Konigshof
321.
Rotemiihle 41.
Rotenburg (Fulda) 268.
— (Hanover) 133.
— (Oder) 370.
— , the 305.
Rotenkirchen 231.
Rotenkrug 142.
Rotten bach 293.
Rotterdam 69.
Rottleben 305.
Rottleberode 30^. 321.
Rottum 100.
Riibeland 321.
Rlibezahl's Kanzel 394,
— Kegelbahn 395.
Riickers 405.
Rudelsburg 264.
Rlidersdorf 351.
Rudolfstein 221.
Rudolsbad 271.
Rudolstadt 270.
Rugard, the 167.
Rugen 166.
Riigenscher Bodden 169
Riigenwalde 348,
Ruhbank 387.
Ruhla 302.
Ruhnow 347.
Ruhr, the 41. 31. 42. 55
Rummelsburg 348.
Ruppberg, the 294.
Ruppiner See 157.
Rusdorf 382.
Saalberg 391.
Saalburg 259.
Saale, the 250. 259. 262
268. 303. etc.
Saaleck 264.
Saalfeld 261.
Sachsa, Bad 309.
Sachsenburg 233.
Sachsenhausen 342.
Sackisch 405.
kSagan 373.
Sagard 167.
Saifcuhiiusl 231.
Salmiinstcr 341.
Saloppe 208.
Salzbergen 70.
Salzbrunn, Bad 401.
Salzburg, the 281.
Salzderheldcn 69.
Salzdetfurth 83.
Salzgitter 49.
Salzschlirf 337.
Salzuflcn 36.
Salzungen 283.
Salzwedel 40.
Samland, the 367.
Sande 112.
Sandersleben 303. 310.
Sangerhausen 304.
Sanssouci (Potsdam) 27.
Sarau 156.
Sarnau 57. 336.
Sasscndorf 43.
Sassnitz 167.
Sattelwald, the 402.
Sattlcr Ravine, the 389.
Saupsdorf 214.
Sausteine, the 394.
Saxon Switzerland 209.
Sayda 228.
Schabsheide 292.
Schaferwand, the 211.
Schafstedt 263.
Schalke 325.
Schandau 216. 211.
Scharfenberg, the 302.
Scharfenstein 330.
Scharzfeld 308.
Scharzfels 308.
Schatzenstcin, the 232.
Schaucnburg 300.
Scheibe 400.
Scheibenberg 232. 230.
Scheitnig 381.
Schellenberg, the 45.
Schellerhau 228.
Seherfede 56.
Schidlitz 358.
Schieder 45.
Schierke 330.
Schiersberg, the 140.
Sehiffenberg 336.
Schivelbein 347.
Schkeuditz 253,
Schlachtensee 25.
Schlackenwerth 230.
Schlangen 44.
Schlawc 348.
Schlei, the 140.
Schleiz 259.
Schlepzig 382.
Sclilesior-Tal, the 407,
Schk'.sischc Haudc 391.
S('hU'sisch-Frit'dlandl02.
Schleswig 139.
Schlcttau 303,
Schh'usc, Obere 220,
Schlt'iisingen 29().
Schliiif^elbaude 395.
Sohlcjhittcn 362.
Schlossbcrgkopf 291.
Sclimachter See 169.
Sclnnalenberg, tlie 326.
Schinalkaldcn 283,
Schmalnau 310,
Schmalwassor-Grund
294.
Schmiedeberg (Saxony)
227.
— (Bohemia) 230.
— (Silesia) 393.
Schmiedcfeld 295.
Sclimiedegrund 107.
Schmilka 217. 213.
Schmiicke, the 297.
Sclinarclier, the 330.
Schnccberg(Bohcm.)211.
— (Saxonv) 231.
— , the (Silesia) 404.
Sclineegruben, the 394.
Schneekopf, the 297.
Schneekoppe, tlie 397.
Schneidemiihl 352.
Schnepfcntal 299.
Schohsee, the 152.
Scholben, the 308.
Schollcnstein, the 101.
Schomberg 398.
Schtina 211. 213. 219.
Schonau (near Eisenach)
267.
— (near Friedrichroda)
299.
Schonberg 259.
Schonburg, ruin 263.
Schonebek 249.
Schoneck 232.
Schonfeld (Bohemia) 219.
— (Erzgebirge) 229.
Schonfels 258.
Sohonhausen 40.
Schiinheide 231.
Schonhciderhammer 232.
Scliiiningen 49.
Schonlinde 220.
Sohonsee 359.
Schcippenstedt 47.
Schoppinitz 410.
Schorte-Tal, the 295.
Schreiberhau 392.
Schrcveuborn 138.
428
IXDEX.
Schrock 335.
Schulpforta 264.
Scluirre. the 318.
Schwaau 153.
Schwalbenstein. the 297.
Sehwalheim 338.
Sehwartau 152.
Schwarza 271.
Schwarza-Tal. the 291.
Schwarzbach 386.
Schwarzburg 291.
Sehwarze Berg 396.
— Koppe 396.
Schwarzeubek 156.
Sehwarzenberg (Saxonv)
231.
— ^Silesia) 396.
Schwarzmtihle 292.
Schwarzort 367.
Schwarzwald 298.
Schwarzwasser (Saxony'
231.
— (Silesia) 374.
Schwedenschanze -JtOi.
Schweidnitz 406.
Schweinfurt 284.
Schweizerkrone 214.
Schweizermlihle 211,
Schwelm 41.
Schwerin 157.
Sehwerte 42.
Schwiebus 370.
Schwientochlowitz 409.
SebaldsbrUck 101.
Sebastiansberg 229.
Sebnitz 213.
Seeberg, the 279.
SeelvitV 169.
Seerenbach-Tal '2'2'2.
Seesen 49.
Segeberg 135.
Seidorf"391.
Seitenberg 405.
Selke-Tal, the 315.
Sellin 170.
Senftenberg 400.
Sibyllenorf 410.
Sieben Briider 69.
— Griinde, the 397.
Sieber 333.
Sieblos 340.
Siegen 41.
Silberberg 407.
Singen 293.
Singerberg, the 293.
Sittendorf 304.
Sitzendorf 292.
Sobrigen 212,
Soden 341.
Soest 42.
Soiling, the 67.
iSoltau 40.
iSommerda 304.
Sommerfeld 373.
jSonderburg 142.
Sondershausen 309.
Sonneberg 289.
Sonneberger Wegehaus
the 332.
Sonneuberg 230.
Sonnenkoppe 407.
Sonuenstein, the 210.
Sonnenwirbel, the 230.
Sooden 338.
Sorau 373.
Sorge 321. 329.
Spandau 40.
Sparenburg 35,
Sperberhaier Damm 332,
Spiegelsberge 311.
Spiegelslust 335.
Spiegehvald, the 232.
Spiekeroog 100.
Spiessberg, the 300.
Spindelmiihl 397,
Spindlerbaude, the 395,
Spittergrund 299.
Spitzberg (Silesia) 387.
— (Saxon Switzerl.) 211,
Spreewald. the 382.
Spremberg 382.
Springe 46.
Stade 132.
Stadtberge 56.
Stadthagen 38.
Stadtilm 293.
Stangenberg. the 391.
Stapelburg 327.
Stargard 347.
Starkotseh 387.
Stassfurt 249.
Staufenberg 336.
Stavenhageu 155.
Stecklenberg 315.
Stecklenburg, ruin 316.
Steele 33,
Steenodde 144,
Steglitz 25.
Steiger, the 267,
Stein (Saxony) 281.
— , Burg 286,
Steinau 341.
Steinbach 286.
Steinbachtal. the 318.
Steinbach-Hallenberg
283. 294.
Steinberg, the (Harz) 325.
— , — (Holstein) 152.
Steinerne Renne 328.
Steinforde 113.
Steinhude 38.
Steinicht. the 261.
Steinkirehe 308.
Steinkunzendorf 407.
Steinseifen 393.
Steinseifersdorf 407.
Steinwand. the 340.
Stelliugen'131.
Stendal 39.
Sterkrade 34,
Stern, the 402.
Sternberg 157.
Sternhaus 316.
Stettin 345,
Stettiner Haff 349.
Stiege 317.
Stimmersdorf 218.
Stdberhai 309.
Stockheim 262. 289.
Stolberg (Harz) 321,
Stolp 348.
Stolpen 214.
Stolpmiinde 348,
Stolzenburg, ruin 341.
Stonsdorf 391,
Stoppelberg 339.
Stralsund 164.
Strasburg in der Ucker-
mark 155. 360.
Strassberg 316. 322.
Strausa^urt 309.
Strehlen 403.
Strelasund 165. 167.
Strickerhauser 392.
Striegau 406.
Stubbenkammer 168.
Stubenberg 315.
Stubnitz, the 168.
Sturmer, the 228,
Sturmhaube, the 395.
Stiitzengrlin 231,
Stutzerbach 295.
Stutzhaus 298,
Suddorf 145,
Sudenburg 50,
Siiderbrarup 138.
Suderode 315.
Sudeten, Mts. 389.
Suhl 294.
Sullberg, the 131.
Suiza, Bad 264.
Sulzhayn 309.
Sundewitt 142,
Swinemiinde 349.
Sylt 143.
Tabarz 300,
Tafelfichte, the 386,
Tal-Schwarzburg 292,
Tambach 299,
iTangermiinde 40,
iTann 340.
Tanndorf 236.
INDEX.
429
Taniie 321.
Tannenbergs-Tal 305.
Taniiliausen 167.
Tanzbiichc 301.
Tanzplan, the 213.
Tarmstedt 108.
Tarnowitz 410.
Taucha 252.
Tail ten burg 268.
Tellerberg 338.
Templin 162.
Tenkitten 367.
Tenueberg 299.
Tetschen 211.
Teufelsbriicke (near Al
toiia) 131.
— (Harz) 318.
Tcufelskanzel 338.
Teufelsmauer 314. 320.
Teufelsstein 310.
Teufclstroppo 290.
Teutoburgian Forest 36
Thai 302.
Thale 317.
Tharaiidt 222.
Thekenberge, the 311.
Themar 285.
Thiessow 170.
Thomasdorf 213.
Thorn 359.
Thum 229.
Thiiringer-Tal 301.
Thuringian Forest 289.
Tiefenbachmiihle 329.
Tiefenlauter 285.
Tiefurt 276.
Tilsit 368.
Timmenrode 319.
Tingleff 142.
Todenmann 38.
Todtenhaiisen 38.
Todtenrode 318.
Toitenwinkel 154.
Tolkewitz 209. 212.
Tollense-See, the 155.
Toudern 135.
Tonning 135.
Torgau 252.
Torstein, the 300.
Trakehnen 368.
Trankegrund, the 407.
Trankhof 340.
Trautenau 387.
Travemunde 152.
Trcbitz 252.
Trebnitz 410.
Treffurt 339.
Treptow on theRega347.
— on the Tollense 163.
Tresebiirg 318.
Treuenbrietzen 157.
Treysa 334.
Tribsces 164.
Triebischtal 235.
Trief«tein, the 298.
Trippstcin, tlie 291.
Triptis 261.
Trotha 310.
Trusen-Tal 301.
Tunnel, the 220.
Tyssaer Wiinde 211.
Uchte 38.
Uckersee, the 163.
Uckro 174.
Ueberschaar 404.
Uelzen 113.
Uhlenhorst 129.
Uklei-8ee 152.
Ulbersdorf 213.
Ullersdorf 404.
Ungedanken 333.
Ungeheure Grund 300.
Unna 42.
Unstrut, the 304. 306. 263
Unterberg 317.
Unter-Neubrunn 285.
— Schonau 294.
Unterweissbacli 292.
Usedom 349.
Uttewalde 209. 214.
Uttewalder Grund 214.
Vanidrup 142.
Varel 112.
Varzin 348.
Yegesack 108.
Velgast 166.
Venezianerstein 301.
Verden 101.
Vessra 296.
Vetschau 382.
Vetzberg 336.
Vienenburg 312.
Vierlande, the 156.
Vierzehnheiligen 270.
Viktorshohe 316.
Vilbel 338.
Vilm, island 169.
Visselhovede 40.
Vitzenburg 303.
Vlotho 46.
Vockerode 256.
Yogelsang 362.
Vohwinkel 33.
Voitcrsreuth 259.
Voitsdorf 227.
Volkstedt 271.
Volmarstein 33.
Voorde 135.
V5rden 48.
Vorsfelde 39.
VoHHOWska 410.
Wabern 333.
Wacliberg, the 214.
VVach.senburg 292. 267.
Waehstein, the :i02.
Wa(:htkli])pel 340.
Wachwitz 212.
Wahlershausen 65.
Wahlstatt 406.
Waldeek 331.
Waldenburg (Nax.) 236.
-• (Silesia; iOl.
Waldheim 233.
Waldhusen 151.
Waldkappel 333.
VValdkater 318.
Walkenried 309.
Walkersdorf 351.
Walldorf 283.
Wallhausen 304.
Wallwitz 252.
Wall witz berg 255.
Wallwitzhafen 251.
Walsrode iO.
Walter.sdorfer Miihle
215.
Waltershausen 299.
Wands bek 130.
Wang 396.
Wangeroog 100.
Wanne 31. 134.
Wannsee 25.
Warburg 56.
Waren 163.
Warmbrunn 390.
Warnemiiude 163.
Warnicken 368.
Warnsdorf 400.
Warstein 43.
Wartburg, the 281.
Warteck, the 228.
Wartha 403.
Warthe, the 351. 370.
Wasserkuppe 310.
Wasungen 283.
Wattcnscheid 33.
Wechselburg 236.
Wcckelsdorf 402.
— Rocks 398.
Weckersdorf 402.
Weesenstein 227.
Weetzen 46.
Wegeleben 310.
We hi en 214.
Wehlheiden 65.
Wehlstein 214.
Wchrden 56.
Weichselmiinde 357.
Weida 258. 261.
430
mDEX.
Weimar 271.
Weinbohla 174.
TVeiutraube 232.
Weipert 230.
TVeischlitz 259.
Weisser Hirsch (near
Dresden) 208.
(Harz; 318.
Weissenfels 263.
AVeisseritz. the 222.
TTeisswasser 382.
Weisswassergrund 397.
TVelsede -45.
Wendefurth 318.
Wendisch-Fahre 213.216.
Wendorf 162.
Wenigerijena 270.
Wenningbuud 142.
"Wenningstedt 144.
Werbellinsee 344.
Werbig 351.
Werdaii 258.
"Werden 32.
Werna 309.
Wernersdorf 391.
"VTeruigerode 328.
"Wernshausen 283.
Weser. the 67. 103. etc.
Westerlaud 143.
Westerplatte 357.
Westhofen 42.
Wetter 41.
Wetterau, the 341.
Wettin 310.
Wettinhohe. the 227.
Wetzlar 336.
Wieda 309.
Wiek 167.
Wienrode 318. 320.
Wieren 40.
Wiesa 228.
Wiesenbad 229.
Wiesenburg 231.
Wiesenbecker-Tal 308.
Wietstock 350.
Wietze 113.
Wildeck 229.
Wilde Klamm. the 218.
Wildemann 325. 332.
Wildenfels 231.
Wildental 232.
Wildpark stat. 25.
Wilduugen 333.
Wilhelminenwand 221.
Wilhelmsbad 341.
Wilhelmsblick 318.
Wilhelmsburg 283.
Wilhelmshafen 381.
Wilhelmshaven 112.
Wilhelmshohe 65. 268.
Wilhelmstal (near
Casselj 57.
— (Thuringia) 282.
Wilhelmstein 38.
Wilisehtal 229.
Wilkau 231.
Wilthen 214.
Winterber?. Grosse 218.
— . Kleine''218.
— , the (Harz) 326.
Winterstein 302.
Winzenburg 69.
Wismar 161.
Wissower Klinken 168.
Wittbrauke 34.
Wittdiin 144.
Wittekiud 252.
Wittekiudsberg, the 37.
Witten 34. 41.
Wittenberg 246.
Wittenberge 157. 249.
Wittgendorf 387.
Wittgensdorf 225,
Wittgenstein 336.
Wittmgen 39.
Wittow Ferry 167.
Witzenhaiisen 306.
Wobbelin 157.
Wohldenberg 83.
Wolfelsdorf 405.
Wolfelsgrund, the 405.
Wolf enbiittel 307.
Wolfersdorf 261.
Wolfsanger 64.
Wolfsberg. the 217.
Wolfsbur? 39.
Wolfshau^396.
Wolfshiigel. the 208.
Wolgast 164.
Wolkenburg 236.
Wolkenstein 229.
Wolkramshausen 309.
Wollin 349. 351.
Worlitz 256.
Worphausen 108.
Worpswede 108.
Woyens 142.
Wriezen 344.
Wrist 134. 135.
Wuischke 399.
Wiilfel 69.
Wulften 306.
Wiinschelburg 403.
Wiinsehendorf 261.
iWunstorf 38.
jWurzelberg, the 292.
iWurzen 233.
iWuste-Giersdorf 387.
jWiistenfelde 164.
{Wiistensachsen 340.
Wiiste-Waltersdorf 407.
Wustrow 166.
Wutha 267.
Wyk 144.
Zacken. the 389.
Zackenfall, the 392.
Zapfengrund, the 267.
Zarrentin 156.
Zaunhaus 228.
Zedlitz 381.
Zehlendorf 25.
Zeichen 212.
Zeilfeld 285.
Zeisburg 402.
Zeitz 260.
Zella-St. Blasii 294.
Zellerfeld 332.
Zerbst 253.
Ziegenberg 337.
Ziegenhain 270.
Ziegenhals 408.
Ziegenkopf. the 320.
Ziegenriicken, the 397.
Zierker See 162.
Zillertal 392.
Zingst 166.
Zinna 174.
Zinnowitz 349.
Zinnwald 227.
Zinselhohle. the 289.
Zippendorf 161.
Zittau 385.
Zobten am Berge 381.
Zollbriiek 348.
Zoppot 358.
Zorge 309.
Zorndorf 351.
Zossen 173.
Zscherre-Grrund 214.
Zsehillen 236.
Zschirnstein, the 217.
Zschopau 229.
Ziillchow 348.
Ziissow 164.
Zwatzen 268.
Zwickau 225.
Zwischenahn 111.
Zwonitz 231.
Zwota 232.
IZwotzen 261.
Leipzig: Printed by Breitkopf & Hartel.
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