of the, the whole life on earth is based on a versatile chemical elements of carbon, depending on how it's adams bond to each other. it can be as hard as diamonds or soft as graphite, when carbon bonds with oxygen, it becomes gaseous. worldwide. it's these carbon dioxide emissions that we need to reduce. that's because the colorless and photo lift gas is considered the main cause of global warming. and that is the 2nd weather patterns everywhere, from the polar forest in the north, to the amazon in the south. the many faces of carbon coming off on tomorrow today dw science magazine,

the faces from the depths of human history, 20000 calling instead of in this from the will to for the 1st time. and the modem will, for archaeologist called us desilva, the one positive aspect of the terrible drought hitting the amazon f as imagine as more face image is revealed, the culture of the family amazon in people's gene was i think this, the roots are in the forest with the basis for the survival started. that's still true of many people here today, a fox that has become painfully clear. the largest drainage basin in the world is going through the wes drought since reco keeping the gun. the difference between rainy and dry seasons has never been so dramatic. 2 hours from the house, the capital of the state farm. as soon as the city council

a sent these villages help in the form of clean drinking water, there were no roads to the village of jumped on it. and now boats can know when he comes to the phone, as the waters have receded ella and c. so for that a has to decide who, who gets which kind of students are the band finishes, sets off in 40 degree heat over the hills that in the past just clear the water line. what was once a wide lake area has been reduced to a few rivulets, each family has received. fortunately to the hotel, we joined the sea, so un domingos, even with a small flat bottom votes, everyone uses here. it's getting hard even hot it to make progress. inevitably, we get stuck on times to try a different channel. we turn over the engine and move back a little but at some point there's no other choice. we have to get out to lights

and the load domingos heads on alone, taking the heavy, kindest as to the house. you'll collect slater or you out and also still off the roof. i result street here. well, it's the carpet that connects us with that here in our region, the river is everything here without it when nothing. and even in the dry season, there is a normally lapse right up to the steps. this drinking water is only enough for a few days, but when it's time to make another run, they may not be able to get out if you, even with the smallest of boats. you said you got little, it's hard to hear today. then it's ever being before carlo. think way possible. you could only battery it in the shade with lots of code, walton, or that that worries us directly. i'm worried about on late, broken promising log. if the fish die out there will no longer be able to finish the leg is essential for it was a, it says the all along the fixture dying because the overall more to count of sold

enough oxygen on the regions. well, no rid adult in this on farming. well i the more than a 100 died in like to say, researches were initially puzzle because dolphins where you've got post mortem dissections showed the high water temperatures, which topped 39 degrees seem to close the dolphin's to suffer a stroke. for climate researches like aram does that a, it's more evidence of unpredictable consequences caused by disturbing the amazon's complex ecosystem that more mo, high and low voltage phases on normal in the m as in region. that's not the problem . what worries us climate researches is that these phenomena are they coming more frequent on more extreme and their circle? this is the only new whether phenomenon which because every few years is currently exhaustive aging these effect. but the main cause is the destruction of the rain

forest. where would you live? will marford you only know just driving moisture from here to the southern atlantic and from on top of my 50 for a station, which means the last water is operating from trees, was the consequences on less rain, brutal hatred with temperatures reaching $44.00 degrees associated as part of your home, it's not, continues. the consequences will be catastrophic, available for the 40 meg shaw and that will impact the whole world. he said just because the amazon rain forest, so ability to store and vaporize vast amounts of water helps regulate the global climate to use. well, board is always talk about apple and rivers matches of water that evaporate above the forest. and then the snow and south, thus keeping the global time between bonnets fast because water vapor buffers. intense radiation from deforestation means that less water evaporates speed. also, the drawing season is starting earlier in any of in the amazon. so the water

disappears, foster leaving ship stranded for weeks or even months on end with a safe hub or insight type boat captain junior sees a soul to be able to make it, but he was wrong to have thought with you to as we tried to make it out but help arrive late on the water level was dropped really fast. but unless you send to meet us a day since we were fighting the clock. time was all right, any interest the sample you with that before you? nothing you? until the warranty returns the comp time will have to remain in his boat to the tub potential feeds. so the west vile the most home would normally be floating in 10 meters of water. now he's got to dig a well in the river bed to get water to live. while we use the water for washing up washing clothes shattering, we have chlorine and it's safe for the p is a 1st glance to be a picturesque volley, is actually

a tributary of the amazon. the growth still bears witness to the masses of water that have seats away from evaporated. the de leon baltimore is 74 years old lives. i'm fishing now. he's stranded. i'm worried about that is the mo, the rain forest is joan. the motive to go to get it just trial, just getting what has a home in front of mice. for the time being filed, a most fishing nets of serving a different purpose, the bed of the trip retreat is now a soccer field. and they'll catch pools instead. of fish until the water returns north of the arctic circle, the permafrost is thawing due to the unusually warm temperatures. this is causing carbon dioxide to escape from the ground. the hot weather is also driving wild fires. huge areas of forest recently burnt in canada. will the forest ever grow back? okay, so let's be careful here. vehicles. there's been

a lot of smouldering and there's a lot of holes in the ground. it's jennifer bell, 2 liters through what's left of the forest. even the earth, there's been scorched savagely by fire. like, you can see how deep the burning has been in to this. these are pete, this is all peace soil. instead of a neighbor greenforest of black spruce, there's just tried trunks after the 2023 wild fires. but the damage to the soil here is even more important most for us. and also the carpet is stored in the trees, but in this system is stored in the soil and we have 80 to 90 percent of the carbon in the system start below ground. and these beautiful pete soils that are when they're, again, when they're what they're resistant to fire, but when they're dry they can be very, very flat level. fires are actually a natural part of the ecosystem here in this forest bordering the arctic circle. but with conditions now dryer and hotter,

the fires will be coming bigger and more frequent. you know, we have temperature is approaching 40 degrees here in the, you know, we're, we're in the, in the summer are taking our to, for each of us. so things that would not normally be fuel becomes fuel for the fire, and it means that the fire can access and much more of the landscape and burned much larger areas. and there's nothing really to slow it down. in 2023 canada sites, worst wildfire since record keeping began, the inferno is thought to have released 3 times as much c o 2 as the country's entire economy combined. this is a big concern of these mega fire. your assessment will see these burial for us and canada and elsewhere around the world. moving from being really important sinks that buffer some of our own emissions to being sources of carbon to the atmosphere with global implications for several years. now more c o 2 has been released from canada as far as the intact forest areas are able to absorb from the atmosphere.

balter inter team had been research eco systems in the northwest territories for over a decade. the power process at about 90 centimeters. 10 centimeters. i saw. oh wow. it's the measure at what depth the permit for us to begin the far as the north of the arctic circle with their typical soils bearing. lincolns mazda is in pete store around one 3rd of all the carbon worldwide. okay, that's more than twice as much the amount found in the atmosphere at c o. 2 is sick, so it's vital that the carbon stays in the ground, like some of the most carbon rich files in the world happened in for l. systems where we have this, this accumulation of losses. that just because of the cold wet conditions, the star tremendous amount of carbon, these are also places where we have swells that are frozen year round. and so if

carbon gets locked away and from the process, even if even more um, more protected from being released fat this here, the scientists are investigating how big eco systems of the phone north are changing a tablet or a brass tight $7.00 black spruce trees actually need fire to reproduce, and it has cold fits the heat of the fire that releases the seeds and the cones, but with more frequent and more extreme fires the cones now often char completely, so that the spruce is, can't reproduce back to the forest that burned in the fire as young aspen trees are growing back in some places. boats are nose from previous experience that the forest recovers to varying degrees. sometimes it returns to what it was before the fire. um, so we call that resilience sometimes the transitions to a different trace basis of the forest is still there, but it functions in a different way. but where we see burning that's really severe or really frequent.

these are places where. busy we often see failure to return to for us with fire small during long afterwards. the fear is the good week night when temperatures rise again. these forests are in an incredibly large, near the untouched wilderness. voucher says trying to fight the fires is impossible . you have access to the forest up here in the north for the most part up here. the only solution to this, to slow this fire cycle is to really rapidly drawn down our greenhouse gas emission surface. in 2023. northern canada was 3 degrees celsius warmer than in pre industrial times. this trend could trigger a dangerous spiral disrupting carbon sinks around the arctic circle that have taken thousands of years to form the there is already too

much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. so what can we do? plants and trees are masters of absorbing c o. 2. with a the light, they fix the carbon and release the oxygen. so good times, photos, synthesis, be imitated in the lab and perhaps even accelerated professor to be a stub, has an ambitious goal. he wants to improve nature or at least one of nature's most important process is photosynthesis. the process on which life on this base to, to mentally examine this kind of cools, claim the voters synthesize, doesn't work especially well. but palms actually live with it quite happily. i yeah, but we humans always want more efficiency volume so that we can achieve more with less. and that was the incentive for us to say, what more could we tease out with the system? well, even though it's not 3000000000 years to evolve, why hasn't it go back to?

can i re thinking to predict on this thing? during photosynthesis light was it on carbon dioxide? what together to produce a simple call them compound, glucose plus oxygen. the glucose stays in the plant, enabling it to grow, while the oxygen is released into the what to be as of is interested in is the process of c o 2 fix ation. in this cycle concepts, this gets by one. so basically the question is, how can i capture c o 2 and convert it into useful compound, the kind of how can i can the inanimate carbon into something organic. when i'm being able to copy this fundamental principle, it's and we think it is actually what interests us in this whole matter in tennessee and it's like working far. so what if we could find solutions that nature has never tried? what is more oxygen a more carbon compounds could be produced using a photo synthesis that's been optimized by humans. to do this, to this 1st part,

to take a closer look at how pump very defensive is works. it relies on root biscoe an enzyme that's responsible for converting the copper dioxide with mathis. this got to convert it's at a rate of about 5 molecules of c o 2, this function as you move. but what is the plan could absorb a 100 c o 2 molecules per 2nd degree dolphin. and so they began searching for an enzyme that was better, faster and more effective by trolling through research databases. and they found it in about tv, and it's an enzyme that's involved in the citric acid cycle. it's called e. c. o. experiments have shown that e, c, o is indeed much better than root. biscoe those that converging c o 2 and building call them compounds and it's less than 5 kill 2 birds with one stone. so we reducing c o 2, but we're also generating a useful product that's more complex than what they said that they've now developed

a prototype. it's rather like enzymes swimming around and the liquid. the task now is to incorporate this new operating system into a living organism. it's all going to be equipped with the improved ability to bind c o 2 o d phones could extract carbon dioxide from the air and use it to produce large quantities of oxygen and valuable call them compounds. and can see if this could also revolutionize the chemical industry, because i wouldn't need crude oil to synthesize chemicals. i could produce everything from c o 2 using light all the petra chemical products i want. that's the big vision and sofa initial results and that a bar a treat that very promising. let us read. why are the, do you have a science question? send it to us as a video,

text or voice message. if we answer it on the show, we'll send you a little surprise as a thank you. so come on. just ask this week's question comes from a viewer in mexico, the how important ards we use for humans. these are considered the 3rd most important live stock animal in agriculture, after pigs and cows. there are thought to be up 230000 species worldwide. we've been breathing honey bees for thousands of years. species that are domesticated are known as wild bees. they include certain kinds of bumblebees. for example, these pollinate many crops and therefore play a key role in our food supply. in europe, 3 quarters of all cultivated plants depend, guns being used for pollination. without them, fruit trees would only produce

a quarter of their normal yields. incidentally, studies have shown time and again that the best common neighbors are not honey bees . but while these one study looked over, 40 different prompt systems all over the world from smaller scale fields to giant monro cultures, comparing colonization by honey bees with that of wild insect. the result showed that the same number of flour, visits by wild beast linked to harvest twice as high as one the flowers were visited by domesticated bees. despite that honey beast continued to draw most of our attention. once back in the hive, the nectar in pollen bay collect is enriched with enzymes and packed into honeycombs. the sweet result is turned into products that are thought to be good for your health, such as honey. it's set to help with colds for sleep and blemish skin. but

while these are also in focus, researchers have studied the venom they produce. it contains an anti inflammatory compound that might be useful against cancer honey bee venom also contains this compound a, but it's a fits a stronger. so it also damages healthy cells. in a wild be species of variance was found that only works on cancer cells. that study also showed that bee venom has grown more toxic in the course of evolution. and now it's time to look at pete bogs. pete lands provide valuable habitats for rare plants and animals, and can also store in nor less amounts of c o 2. but that's not the only thing that makes them so fascinating to scientists. a well known salt meto landscape on the baltic sea. it was an, a bulk similar to this one that insect expert to be his mind to madison station or

discovery not long ago. ready ready instructions on that important i was traveling with a friend and brandenburg where i come from the choices. we often hung the beetles, then the weather was good and i saw some remain sparkling in the sun. it turned out to be a beetle. somebody took it with me when it's hans. it clearly identify most people spacings in the field mice that were over 6000 of them in germany. but they told him, we knew it was old involved, but we didn't know just how it was minister, due to the low oxygen content. and the amino acids in the soil decomposition happens very slowly and bergland environments. it takes thousands of years for people to form less than a minute. nature of new sewing on is deposited each year. so 10 meters of it represent 10000 years of history. this main soil samples can help to determine the age of the beetle. professor of people in studies on houston does one test on site

. a. there's a long no signed in here at all. and you'll get it, but you have it on this will populate how now we didn't see the best way to to get this signed in. it is with your t as on the website, you can send it immediately when you eat something. if there's something that a conscious level on pop you or pete doesn't crunch and run this prove, but you can see this is a very dive. this payment is made of purely organic material, which route material from this vegetation. what for the month of the all of these, i think it's actually the samples of been taken to the bar a tree for a more precise analysis for the south in the area. a local fan around the town of light time also plays a key role. in types, pete lens are excellent, c o 2 rest appliance worldwide. they cover less than 3 percent of the land, but they still twice as much carbon as all forests put together. the lifetime of

moles is also a breeding ground to protect the it's so that, so the more reason to preserve it on the theory of, for the, for all right here is to both protect the climate and provide a great cabin top for wildlife and offer a recreational site for people to or like many other pete and areas. however, the light time on most was drained long ago to provide farmland. many types of grain only grow in dry fields. so dishes with dogs to release the water in the lifetime and most conservation is not $1.00 to $10.00 box the truck to re which the bulk of the price of admission that 2 years ago. for the last 12 years they've been allowed to discharge water into it. again, their home depot, we have a government mandate re watching because we now know that dr. payton and books home the kind it on by raising the water levels, we immediately stopped their emission. that's the great thing about peyton's be

watching. you defend this all the taking bullshit from the river. now attribute tree of the down need. ideally, the bulk should be kept flooded the whole time, but that's not possible yet. strict regulations govern how much water can be siphoned from waterways. when we think often in summer in summer it's very hot and windy and the vegetation gross. so a lot of water evaporates. that means you have to keep talking it out. so i'm offering the working group is hoping to get permission to pump in even more walton about the changes already having an impact for locals like fama christy and maya requesting is forcing in to adopt a free mind that they used to be fields here where we come to potatoes or cone, but with the west saying that's no longer possible. she saw a couple of movies. so he brought in water, buffalo, other grazing animals,

wouldn't eat much of the people implants, and they would founder and up all the ground. more farm is realizing they need to change. see coming is always reaching a point where they can no longer phone these areas any other way. so they're looking for alternatives. maya currently keeps 20 buffalo on his 20 head does. but so things to work. most of them is need to get on board the appropriate this government funding for these changes is limited. meanwhile, back at the university of christ, filed and north germany to be his mind to enhance. you'll still not studying that will be don't. if i could vote, if we remove the remains from the number of pages and then i tend to find them under a microscope using specialist literature because corpus signs to be in touch. when cases they can identify it as it can be taught. but honey, houston still wants to know how old it is using plant pulling every year, more than $10000.00 pulling grains phone on every square centimeter of soil for

these a potent carolina. these clothing veins vary depending on which tree produce. then what it to you. it's a beach tree that's completely different. potent grains than a bush, for example. on different part in prevails in every age because the vegetation has changed over them and then yeah, like the ice type. often the ice age, the only trees watch the butch and pine as opposed to it took thousands of years before the older all the alamo, the oaks came in. i saw none. so we found out of this beetle and must have died and ended up in the bulk around 6000 to 6 and a half 1000 years ago as i was on ancient beetle preserved almost perfectly by the acidic environments of the people intact. folks quite a very slow leak. that makes them a treasure trove, that they is of soil revealing how the climate is changed over the last 10000 days . and that's all for this week and tomorrow today, d,

w science show. thanks for joining us and see you again next time, bye for now the, the, the, the

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managed by front bought the . this is dw news, and these are our top stories. thousands of people have returned to the streets of the georgia in capitol tbilisi, in opposition to a draft lot. the bill would require and g o's and media groups that receive more than 20 percent of their funding from abroad to register as under the influence of a foreign power. opponents of the laws say it's similar to russian laws used to curve independent news organizations and groups. critical of the kremlin. canadian police have a rest and 3 men over the killing of a 6 separate isn't vancouver last year. are deep seeing the jar with shot.