once that's not the case so far, at least as well as we are aware, it's regarding the amount arrested interest and the reaction to it is very interesting. the chinese government dismissing it as a height to try to attack china. the german government in the form of the interior administer saying represents a serious attack on german democracy. and we are wait to hear more information about what has happened. donat cane al jazeera bullen, but light his round of view in negotiations on the treaty to control plastic production is underway in canada, campaign is st. plastic has choking out planet and a cooling for a world wide band on no single use item such as tools, cops, bottles, and bags. indonesia is one of the world's worst. plastic pollution is jessica washington reports from an overflowing landfill sites south of jakarta. indonesia is one of the wills that talk contribute has of plastic waste accounting for around $7800000.00 tons of plastic waste each year. and it's at locations like when i am

in depth book on the outskirts of dakota, where you can see the scales of what environmental groups called a plastic waste crisis. engineers, you find that some parts of the color, plastic, other so much plastic waste here. you can find all kinds of plastic. oh, plastic bags and others. you can see those in the piles up the days of being here for many years. i know what you're looking at now is not a landfill, but of all the overflow from the nearby to pion landfill. now the garbage that has reached a height of more than 35 meters and is well over capacity. and then this is just one of many landfills around the country that have reached or exceeded capacity mostly due to an excess of plastic pollution. the most common plastic pollution in indonesia are single use sashes, which environmental groups say or small, but accumulation add to the countries environmental button. entities as government says that it is working to address the plastic waste problem and has had some

success in mechanism such as reducing marine plastic waste and also promoting recycling among the many communities entities. it has also expressed support for the global plastics, tracy, which is being discussed in canada this week. it is also expressed it's fuse that some countries may need it technological and financial support to ensure the smooth, the implementation of such an agreement. jessica washington, which is 0 demo. indonesia. well, that's all for now. the bottom line is next. the, the same as a full front, a progressive change deluxe in america. the slides remain high, active violence against gender and sexual minority. i've come to windows irene. 2 young women who have taken place and it works to establish greater freedom and

equality. welcome to generation change as level series attempts to understand, i'm telling you is that mobile i use around the world, generation change on i'll just call you, i'm steve clements and i have a question. is israel's war on god's a be coming a forever war? and now with an exchange of direct attacks between iran and israel, is it becoming a dangerously expanding conflict? let's get to the bottom line. the did was a limited strike, but the rubicon has been crossed. you're one launched a few 100 rows in missiles and israel after israel attacked in iranian diplomatic mission in syria and killed some of its top generals. then israel fired rockets into iran, not doing significant damage, but none the less and get this. israel and iran are now overly targeting each other's homelands. directly. it prove that the rules of the game in the middle east

are changing, especially after israel responded to it. ron's response and with the failure of the world's big powers, especially the united states, to achieve a ceasefire and gaza is further escalation, inevitable. today we're talking with some of my dc professor of history at the university of california and author of faith misplaced the broken promise of us era relations and ally as iran project director at the international crisis group. thank you both for joining us today. let me just start with you, allie. you wrote a week ago, refreshing articles, thing the middle east could still explode. this was before israel had launched a rock into the wrong, i might call that you know, strike given the little damage is one sort of a polite strike at to this. but what his change now in the not only in the gaza is real crisis. but in the regional dynamics, particularly between iran and israel, it's good to be with you as they've look in any geostrategic composition. the most

dangerous moment is when the party start changing the rules of the game is, are across the line by attacking your arms console. it in damascus, and then iran crossed the line for the 1st time in the past 45 years by directly attacking israel from its own territory. so a, now israel has a 4th responded, but it has responded still in a limited and stealthy fashion, which i think still falls within the previous rules of the game of combat thing. iran in the grey zone of their competition. so one can conclude that this chapter is closed, but i'm not sure if the parties have the same understanding of what are the new red lines. what are the new rules of the game and in that ambiguity, i think there is plenty of space for miscalculation. and of course the approximate cause for these tensions which was the war and gaza is ongoing and there is currently no ends inside. and so there is still plenty of risk for expansion of that complex and regional conflagration. i know you've just said that this chapter

is probably close, but what is the next chapter look like potentially in the region given the fact that the underlying instability with cause it continues. there are plenty of risk. first of all, we still don't know for sure. if the attack that is ro, as conducted on iran, finding 3 messiahs into a military base and it's behind it is a one off or is it previewed for more to tax the com that is still not clear. second, at some point israel would enter into rafa. i think that seems inevitable. and when that happens, given the humanitarian situation in gaza, it is quite possible that we would see increase tensions iranian back to groups in iraq and syria. my resume attacks on us forces that they have now stop since late february. and there is also the possibility that at certain points we would see a complex ration between israel and his butler. i mean, they are now so at a lower level of complex, but i think these rays are extremely uncomfortable living right next door to his

boss capabilities, given the trauma of october 7th. and if is what it ends up in a confrontation with his will. uh, again, uh, given the unclear new rules of the game, there is a risk of another round of escalation with iran. and now that both parties have done unprecedented things targeting each other directly. i think the risks are much higher and both the running is real. by the way, you have demonstrated in the past few weeks that they don't have a clear understanding of one another. i think it's now clear that israel target it runs consulate, expecting that iran would just absorb the attack and would not respond. and iran targeted israel, thinking that is ro is not going to respond, which in both cases have turned out to be an accurate a professor, my dc. i really just a couple of months before october 7th, there was this active period of diplomacy around expanding potentially the abraham accords, perhaps breeding a normalization between saudi arabia and israel. tell us about how normally october

7th, but the ron is real exchange. tell us what the middle east looks like now at this moment compared to 9 months ago as well. i mean, obviously it depends where you are in the middle east, but the starting and gaza, i mean it's ground 0 for a, a catastrophe. a genocide that the united states has funded equipped apologize for enabled, continued essentially. so you were asked that the beginning of the forever war is quite clear that this war has been going on on the palestinians for decades and decades since the neck above 1948. and arguably, since the creation of the british mandate in palestine, and as long as that sort of that core issue, the issue of the injustice of the palestinians, the issue of the oppression, the issue of their state looseness, the total abandonment by the united states. of course, by israel, but also by the arab states of the palestinians. if not, continues, we're going to see more and more of this conflict. so i think that's

a situation that's the, that's the, that's the, the tinderbox that, that leads to the kinds of continual flareups that we see in other parts of the middle east. there are the complex, obviously, that are not tied necessarily to pa this time, but the core issue has to be resolved. and we've seen a massive, extraordinary failure of leadership, of imagination and frankly, of racism on the part of the united states towards the palestinians. so that's where we are right now and the wrong and israel and their sort of shadow or, and their direct whereas your other guests are, they just mentioned. that's just another element of escalation in an already intolerable situation. now we know that there had been findings within the state department that indicates that certain is really military units have engaged, potentially, and extra judicial killings and other human rights violations, into specific individuals and companies inside the israeli forces. i guess my

question to you is, given the fact that there had been so such a little move and such a little success by the president, the united states even in trying to re stain is real. even trying to restrain is real on this issue of attacking iran. what is the us hand and this any more from your perspective? i mean the us hand is direct and total complicity. it's not that the us can restrain, as well as the us doesn't restraint. israel, after all, i mean, and you could say, there are domestic reasons for that. there is a lobby. there is ideology, there is, there is whatever. there are many different reasons why the us doesn't strain israel, but it's not that the us can't restrain israel. i think the, the bottom line of all this is that there is been a consistent us policy of marginalizing the palestinians, ignoring public sending oppression, ignoring publicity and suffering, trying to build a regional sort of architecture of domination that ignores the people of the region . all the peoples of the region, frankly, their democratic aspirations,

their desires to be free, and instead to sort of cement the relationship between arab despotism on the one hand. and israel, which oppresses and colonize as the palestinians on the other. and the issue really goes back to decades of u. s. foreign policy in the sense that the us feels and is felt for decades. that it can get away with, with the basic form in that which is extracting petroleum and, and dominating the middle east, strategic geographic areas at the same time, forcing israel, as it is, as it reveals itself to the entire world today. on the hour populations, irrespective of their wishes, irrespective of their desires, irrespective of the desires of freedom. and so far, they feel they're able to maintain this, this policy. and until that changes, we're not going to see any kind of peace or any kind of security or any kind of stability, frankly, in the middle east, you cannot build stability on the basis of profoundly immoral,

unstable foundations alley. um, somebody said something that caught my eye your and very important, i think that even the arab states have been somewhat on the sidelines of this conflict have not taken actions that would necessarily lead to a resolution of justice and, and, and substantial statewood for palestine. i guess my question is we're writing now potentially making a mistake of completing the is really wrong conflict with the as rare is real guys a conflict. they're both happening at the same time. i look at them in a as an escalation from israel's perspective. but how high on the priority map for iran is the palestinian crisis? a unfortunately, i think the apollo sent me an cause is a tool for iran. iran in the early 1980 is in the midst of the run iraq war. realize that it's strategic solitude is, is basically disastrous for the regime. but it really didn't have a lot of options through games for teaching the depth and to be able to project our beyond as borders as a persian nation, surrounded by arabs and turks. and as a she

a nation surrounded by sunny the one thing that allow that steve to project power and transcend all of these inherent limitations, was the palestinian cause, which was left on the ground by the arabs, but by run has instrumental lives. and it doesn't necessarily mean that iranians are too concerned about the palestinians. well being. and i think in fact, the one thing that is real could do that would undermine iran for within the region . was to do exactly what osama was talking about to try to actually come to a sustainable settlement with the policy. and that will be a nightmare scenario. i remember steve, when the trump administration was put in the deal of the century on the table to to resolve those really patterson and crisis the sooner the official told me. after looking at the package. this is great for iran because there is nothing in it for the palestinians, meaning that the opposites would actually we can iran position in the region. and i also want to say something about the us as role,

at least on the strategic level. it's very interesting that in the past few weeks since is really attack on iran and consulate in damascus. the us, in fact has tried to prevent the expansion of this conflict. it has been now we know in direct and indirect contact with the ryans, there was literally a hotline to establish true amman, so that iran and the us could coordinate when iran was going to strike israel to try to limit the casualties and the damage. so that it doesn't spiral out of control and clearly what is or it has done in response, if it's a one off, is all also limited, which i don't think would have been achieved without us pressure. so although i agree with a lot of out of somerset, but i think the binding of ministration deserves a bit of credit for trying to maintain, can contain these tension or somebody want to respond to that. yeah, sure, of course, i mean, i mean the bodily ministration deserves credit for allowing the genocide to

continue for now as you sat at the outset of your show for 7 months. so i'm not sure what kind of credit one gives the button illustration. clearly the united states does not want a regional war and the sense of expanding their they're fine with having the palestinians be slaughtered before eyes the west just be towards yesterday or the day before the security council resolution sort of advancing palestinian statehood as nominal. and that's the radical and it's conceptual as that is in theory, the us claims to be for a 2 state solution. yet us policy is characterized by essentially on the one hand, an extraordinary degree of anti palestinian racism. and on the other hand, a ludicrousness in terms of its contempt for its own statements to state solution peace in the middle east ability and everything. the west seems to do is to pretend that somehow you can build the stable middle east without resolving the palestinian question. and then to at least point about the the business of even using the

palestinian cause as a tool. i think the word he uses tool. now, i don't doubt that the iran, like the irish states previously, instrumental lies all states instrumental as all sorts of issues. so i don't doubt that whatsoever. on the other hand, i think the more salient question that one should answer is why is the tool there to begin with? why is there a palestinian cause to begin with? what's the history, why other palestinians left it in, in the extraordinarily unacceptable situation that they are? why does it run? and before iran, iraq, and before iraq, egypt and before, you know, all these other states, syria, all these states have used the power, the new question precisely because there is something extraordinarily immoral and ethical that everybody in the region. and i, i would argue today, everybody in the world honestly can see is unacceptable and want to end. and so, of course, states use every piece of leverage. they can every tool so to speak, they use, but they use that because these tools exist and we should focus,

rather than on trying to is to say that they're just using the tools, understand why the tool is there and why people, why, why it creates such and such a sense of injustice in the middle east among arabs for sure. but also i suspect among many iranians as well, i'm almost certain of that. so i'm a, take me for one further step, you know, in the abraham accords. it was an effort we saw in our, in the lab, essentially of trying to find normalization strategies in the region without resolving the palestine conflict. has that palestine conflict now resonated with the so called error st. so much and created distance within those governments. those monarchies and those government arrangements within each of these arrows states. you know, i'm thinking of jordan, which has a, a normalization peace treaty with, with israel. and you're seeing on the street major protest demanding that the government suspend its relationship with israel. what is the distance now, the dynamic within each of these governments that this causes a crisis has caused,

i told him to abraham records as an insult to, to, to the common revere tradition of all the spiritual of all the ecumenical, and the desperate coexistence in our part of the world, it's really a relationship between an expansionist as well that doesn't pretend nothing to who is very clear. they don't want to give the palestinians freedom or the state. and arab states that are based on despotism. based on the fact that there is a huge gap between our populations as much as towards the palestinians. it's also domestically, there's no democracy. there's no freedom in most of our world if i can, across the error in the world. and it's not absolute to them. and despotism, that is the us requirement for a so called peace process that is based on marginalizing the palestinians. so i agree with all the us was genuinely concerned with the ability we've actually making the middle east a prosperous place where they would certainly have pushed for

a peace process that actually solves once and for all right. the palestinian question nally. i want to ask about president biden, and america's brand and american power is perceived in the region. you know, i had this frame that america is perceived as an all powerful player, a very powerful player in this, but seemingly impotent when it comes to really influencing the course of israel. how does the ron you watch it one more than anyone else? i know how does the ron look at american leadership at this moment? does it look at it, added is as if it's floundering, does it look at it as if it's being directed? is this, is this hugging of israel during this crisis after october 7 enhancing americans brand in the region and making us look more submit for middle or is around looking at us as tied down into something we can't manage to. yvonne certainly looks at the united states at this moment as a great power that is bogged down in so many crises around the world. that is

basically getting the wrong closer to the strategic objective, that the stomach of public has always had which has to eventually evict the us from that part of the world. they see the reluctance of the us to use its own military muscle. they see the inability of the united states to deal with much lesser power, like israel and ally, that is completely dependent on the united states to influence decisions. whether it's because to address the humanitarian situation that will mama oh, that was on the was right. any talking about or whether it's the uh, you know, trying to rain in israel from doing things that would then endanger us troops in the region. the attack on iran and console that absolutely could have been danger or further escalation could endanger us forces in the region. but you see also on the other hand, the reality that at the end of the day, iran is a much less or ministry. power is under the most stifling sanctions that the us has

ever imposed. busy it's that we're threatening more sanctions now. absolutely bad and do those sanctions bother iran and iran leadership? do they convey uh, basically a sense that, that it runs options are truly being curtailed by the united states in this, or is this something that they can slough off? look uh, without any doubt, the sanctions have a devastating impact on the run in economy. and there's no doubt about it, but the regime has survived. it's not driving, but uh, you know, with additional sanctions basically we think get the dial of sanctions, but it is currently 8 out of 10, maybe from 9 out of 10. but that one extra date degree is not going to be a game changer. and if you look across the board as a result of the sanction iran has more aggressive in the region. more repressive at home, as nuclear program is closer than ever to the verge of a weaponized nation. which by the way, what has happened over the course of the past few months, i think is pushing down further and further in that direction. because the regional

and the parents clearly has not the 3rd israel, their conventional ministry capabilities cannot defend their own territory in front of much powerful adversaries like the us or the united states. but if you look at the impact of sanctions, they have not achieved their objectives. and that extra degree is not going to be a game changer assignment. we just saw this kabuki act in the united nations security council where the us vetoed an effort to give call for full palestinian statehood. but at the same time, every senior us national security and diplomatic official and the president united states say, the only way out of this is the 2 state solution. are you convinced that all that president biden really believes in a 2 state solution just shows you the kind of levels of, of, of us policy in the middle east that seem to be at one level. and this is what we should be talking about. it seems to be far less about the kind of objective reading of the us in the middle east. and what is interests are in the middle east

and much more about a whole range of, of, of domestic pressures and considerations that are put on us administration's time. and time again, as well as audiology, as well as all sorts of other reasons why that us does what it does in the middle east because of us could have been theory long time ago. put pressure to resolve this, this the palestine question. but the west has chosen not to and then at the same time it claims to one day to state solution precisely because they understand that what's happening on the ground right now is an effect, a one state solution, a one state. whereas some people have rights and the most people have either limited rights or no rights. the alley i'm gonna give you the last word. the united states during the trump administration did violate the agreement of the jcp away by withdrawing from that and moving forward. and i'm interested as, as someone who worked so vigorously on trying to get a 3rd option as opposed to

a p using iran or a war with iran trying to create a 3rd 3rd way here. do you think that we're now back on a collision course with a run as president obama feared we might be if we didn't get something like the g. c. p. o. in place? are we back in a railroad collision course? from your perspective. we are opposite as they were really getting close to an inflection point that i think if in the next administration, regardless of who the next president is. if we can find a diplomatic solution to this crisis. i think the 2 options that president obama warned about a 10 years ago of whether it's a deal or a conflict with once again come to the 4 and we would be faced. but that unpalatable choice choice on both sides with one difference. steve, the now as a result of president from unwise decision to re neck, the 2015 agreement, iran has significantly more leverage then it had in 2015. and it will be so much

more difficult to put the program back in a box. and under the most rigorous monitoring that has a, has ever been established. and, and in other words, present from took roger program out of that box and put it in the microwave. and basically there is no going back. so we will, we can never get a deal that was as good as the 2015 deal and digesting that i think for washington's political environment is going to be extremely difficult to agreeing to the wrong having a much larger capacity and also offering sanctions relief to an iranian regime that is on the wrong side of the water in ukraine or what's happening in, in uh, in the middle east is going to be politically even cost. therefore, the next step is, well, look, i want to thank you both. you sounded like the c u. c. berkeley, professor of history and ally as iran project director at the international crisis group. thank you both so much for being with us today. so what's the bottom line?

tit for tat escalation may not happen right away. like in the movies, but everything in the middle east is just getting much more complicated and dangerous for us president joe biden. it seems to me he's just gotten used to being ignored after pleading with his real, to not respond to in ron's attacks. it did, but as long as he so deeply entwined with his real, it will be on its side no matter what joe biden matters less. meanwhile israel's anxieties will get worse, killing almost $15000.00 palestinian children the gaza plus $10000.00 women and $10000.00 men has not made it feel more safe and secure. and being bombarded by has the law on a daily basis definitely doesn't help. and the more trigger, happy israel gets, the more queasy iran gets driving forward its nuclear program, which in turn triggers in arms race in the region with saudi arabia in the market for nuclear capabilities. these days. in the meantime, gaza boyles in despair and injustice in what looks like

a conflict without end to. it's hard to see much getting better for a long a very long time. and that's the bottom line. the one of the biggest selections of 2024 in the general election will administer now render movies be taking increase of food across the country. how will economic uncertainty and you've some employment suite both just in case state and will the media be able to cover the vote, reading and fairly ongoing coverage. but in the, as the elections on our tuesday era, indonesia is building a new capital city. deep in the jungles of borneo, this is part of the original open across the nation. but not everyone supports the idea. i mean, i get that someone would definitely have. we see this as an authoritarian decision who's on the 101 east where deals indonesia using

a mega sitting on out to 0 illegal goals by threatening the survival of the brazilian, amazon, sienna, monique people, the forest and the planets ecosystem with a counter offensive is underway as the tribal chief has to europe's gold club, the corridors of power not to seek help, but to demand the world to see the warnings of its indigenous people. holding up the sky. a witness documentary on the jersey, the st. how believes that shouldn't underestimate the consequences of snatching out and move from the natural habitat. the family groups are separated, and infants and juveniles are separated from their mothers. and it causes a tremendous amount of social disturbance in these populations, which we just don't think about. i mean, know how come here to being behaviorally sophisticated. they are how complex they

are and you have to put them into a gauge doctor. we should like to and keep them all their life. he also believes that science isn't the only factor to consider ricky thinking. that if i have a degree, if i look into a research institution or a university, i'm best place to understand the macbooks. and so if we don't continue with animal experimentation, let's be aware of the impacts of 5 actions. and that does not mean that we don't harm we don't tucked, we do. we exploit pod came in to be used as the aisle c suffered casualties. we have not suffered the states how to use. thank goodness we did have injuries from a missile strike on a guest house thought providing on to who they to say no delta standards to all of us. any anyone in particular? i said, all facing realities government seems here to whittle down democracy if this is troubling for you. it's very, very painful via the story on talk to how does era,

the 200 dies of war. israel shows no sign of ending the bottoms and gaza as formed about the armies planned to ground defensive and rougher the ultimate cry. this is, i'll just say we're live from doha. also coming up dozens of students, our risk to this pro palestinian demonstration spread across of us universities. signs of war on the liberties voted were on patrol with you in peace keepers, as the damage continues to mount. and 5 people drowned trying to get to the ukiah, just alazam to the government pos is a controversial to 10 migraines and refugees to were wanting to.